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  • Articles  (7,954)
  • Springer  (7,954)
  • Nature Publishing Group
  • 2020-2023
  • 1975-1979  (7,954)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (7,954)
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  • Articles  (7,954)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glucose analogues on synthesis of sugar nucleotides and oligosaccharides inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1975)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1975), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In a special standard reaction system with active dried yeast as an enzyme source about 65% of added 5′-UMP was transformed into UDPG. In this system 2-deoxyglucose was not only demonstrated to be a substrate for yeast hexokinase, but was also shown to enter the “LELOIR-pathway”. Depending upon the ratio of glucose to glucose-analogue, 2-deoxyglucose was incorporated into uridine-sugar-nucleotides, deoxy- and dideoxytrahalose. The trahalose splitting enzyme, trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28) showed a different substrate specifity towards trehalose and its unnatural analogues. Although 2-deoxy-2-chloro-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose were good substrates for yeast hexokinase, these two deoxyhalogenglucopyranoses were not substrates for sugar-nucleotide and trehalose synthesis. 3-O-methylglucose was not phosphorylated and showed no influence on the course of reaction in the in vitro system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scopulariopsis brevicaulis: Effect of pH and substrate on growth (1975)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1975), S. 55-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Bainier NRRL 5867, isolated from ammonia-treated corn during preservation studies, was grown in shaken and still liquid cultures on Blakeslee's malt extract. The medium was adjusted to different pH values between 5.0 and 10.6 with sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. Maximum mycelium was produced at an initial pH of 9.0–10.0. Considerably more mycelium was produced in shaken flasks than in still cultures. When the initial pH was adjusted to 10.0 with ammonium hydroxide, 1350 mg mycelium/200 ml Blakeslee's malt extract was produced in contrast to 540 mg with sodium hydroxide. Approximately 28% of the total solids and 25% of the nitrogen in an ammoniated corn infusion broth were converted to mold mycelium high in essential amino acids and protein by both NRRL 5867 and NRRL 3273, another strain ofS. brevicaulis. WhenS. brevicaulis was grown 7 days on a solid substrate of ammoniated corn, ammonia was converted to organic material, carbohydrate was utilized and the protein of the fermented corn increased in lysine and methionine. Approximately 9% of the weight of the corn was lost during the process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880620
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production ofl-tryptophan,l-tyrosine and their analogues by use of immobilized tryptophanase and immobilizedβ-tyrosinase (1975)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 1 (1975), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Production of L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, or their analogues was attempted using immobilized tryptophanase or β-tyrosinase. The immobilized tryptophanase used in this study was first prepared by the present authors by coupling of free apoenzyme fromEscherichia coli B/1t-7A to pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) previously bound on Sepharose. This immobilization method involves the formation of Schiff base linkage between 4-formyl group of Sepharose-bound PLP and the α-amino group of the lysine residue of the catalytic center of one subunit of tetrameric apotryptophanase, followed by reductive fixation of the Schiff base linkage with NaBH4. In the case of β-tyrosinase fromEscherichia intermedia having two catalytic centers, however, immobilization by direct coupling to CNBr-activated Sepharose or a bromoacetyl derivative of Sepharose was more suitable than by the coupling to Sepharose-bound PLP. In each case, the affinity for substrate or coenzyme was scarcely affected by the immobilization. The immobilized enzymes thus obtained were shown to possess higher thermal stability and higher resistance to denaturing agents than the free counterparts. The optimal temperature for a short time reaction (10 min) was ca. 70°C for immobilized tryptophanase or 55°C for immobilized β-tyrosinase. In each case the optimal reaction temperature mediated by the immobilized enzyme was fairly higher than that catalyzed by the respective free enzyme. Addition of ethanol (5%, V/V) to the reaction mixtures favored the tryptophanase and β-tyrosinase reactions. The equilibrium of α, β-elimination reactions of L-tryptophan and β-tyrosine lied so far to the synthetic side (70% in tryptophanase and 80% in β-tyrosinase reactions, respectively). By continuous flow methods using these immobilized enzyme columns, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and their analogues, such as L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan, were conveniently synthesized in good yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880618
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pullulanase is a characteristic of manyKlebsiella species and functions in the degradation of starch (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The type strainsKlebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 9633,K.ozaenae NCTC 5050 andK.rhinoscleromatis NCTC 5046, representative for all members of the genusKlebsiella, were found to produce pullulanase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.41). In addition, 58 fresh isolates ofKlebsiella sp. of human origin were screened for growth on a defined solid medium with either maltose, maltodextrin mixture, soluble starch, glycogen, or pullulan as the sole carbon source. All of the strains showed luxurious growth on maltose and maltodextrins, seven strains grew poorly or not at all on the polymeric substrates, soluble starch, pullulan or glycogen. Three fresh isolates out of the 51 strains which did grow on each carbon source tested were examined in more detail with respect to a possible involvement of pullulanase in the utilization of α-glucans. The production of pullulanase was inducible by growth of the cells on α-glucans, whereas cultivation on glycerol, D-glucose or lactose did not lead to enzyme formation. The level of pullulanase activity in the three strains varied under otherwise comparable culture conditions, as did the level of a co-inducible α-amylase. Comparative growth experiments on linear or branched α-glucans allow the conclusion that the cooperation of hydrolases specific for 1,4-α-glucosidic linkages (α-amylase) and for 1,6-α-linkages (pullulanase) is an obligatory requirement for the effective utilization of starch and glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934072
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion ofL-sorbose to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by mixtures of immobilized cells ofGluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293 andPseudomonas species (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary L-Sorbose was converted to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid by mixtures ofGluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293 andPseudomonas syringae NRRL B-865 entrapped simultaneously in polyacrylamide gel. Since the temperature optima of both enzymatic reactions involved differed, a two-stage process with cells immobilized separately seems to offer a more efficient method to prepare 2-keto-L-gulonic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streptomycin (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Streptomyces griseus DTH-2 was grown in 5 1 fermentors on complex media containing calcium carbonate as a buffering agent. It was shown that automatic pH control (4N KOH) could substitute the calcium carbonate giving higher yields of streptomycin. The yield was further increased by omitting inorganic phosphate from the medium and by differential addition of glucose/ammonium sulphate during the fermentation. The maximal yield obtained was 8.5 g of streptomycin per liter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928428
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological response ofCandida tropicalis grown on n-paraffin to mixing in a tubular closed loop fermenter (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A special tubular closed loop fermenter was used in order to simulate the particular mixing condition of a large scale recycle fermenter. Some mixing parameters of the system are characerized. During continuous cultivation ofCandida tropicalis on n-paraffin as a substrate the biomass yield with respect to carbon and oxygen increased, when a controlled oxygen limit was imposed on the culture. Mixing in the closed loop fermenter generates undamped short period oscillations in the respiration activity, in the dissolved oxygen tension and in the actual ATP content of the culture. These oscillations likely represent oscillations of allosteric feedback loops which manifest themselves by some synchronising action of the particular environmental transients in the closed loop fermenter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928429
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporin A and C (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Cyclosporin A and C are new antifungal antibiotics fromTrichoderma polysporum (Link ex Pers.) Rifai. The metabolites are produced in submerged culture and are extracted therefrom by organic solvents. Cyclosporin A is a nonpolar cyclic peptide with a molecular weight of 1202.6. The cyclosporins exhibit a narrow spectrum of antifungal activity and in addition have immunosuppressive properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928431
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the anti-lipogenic antibiotic cerulenin on growth and fatty acid composition of n-alkane-utilizingCandida lipolytica (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The effects of cerulenin, an anti-lipogenic antibiotic, on the growth and cellular fatty acid composition ofCandida lipolytica were investigated by changing the chain length of n-alkane, the growth substrate. The antibiotic inhibited almost completely the growth of the yeast on glucose, n-undecane and n-dodecane, but partly that on n-tridecane. The yeast growth on longer alkanes, e.g., from n-tetradecane to n-octadecane, was not affected by this antibiotic, indicating that a chain elongation system and/or intact incorporation system predominantly operate in the formation of cellular fatty acids from such longer chain n-alkanes. Comparison of the fatty acid profiles between the cells grown on n-alkanes of different chain lengths, especially on n-pentadecane, in the presence and absence of cerulenin, supported the supposition that only the de novo synthesis system of the yeast would be affected by the antibiotic, whereas the chain elongation system would not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928430
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of candicidin by phosphate-limited resting cells ofStreptomyces griseus (1976)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1976), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A phosphate-limited resting cell system ofStreptomyces griseus in a synthetic medium has been developed in which biosynthesis of the polyene macrolide, candicidin, is linear for at least 36 h without cell growth. Glucose and to a lesser degree sucrose, but not lactose, support antibiotic synthesis. Glucose is utilized at a constant rate for antibiotic synthesis without affecting mycelial dry weight. Acetate and propionate, the building units of the macrolide aglycone, stimulate candicidin biosynthesis in cultures supplemented with glucose but do not support its synthesis in the absence of glucose. Maximal stimulation of candicidin biosynthesis was produced by 40 mM propionate or 250 mM acetate. The biosynthetic intermediate, methyl malonate, and the analog, 1-propanol, were more stimulatory than propionate at the same concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00928432
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