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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (4,318)
  • Chemical Engineering  (2,596)
  • ddc:330
  • 2020-2023  (36)
  • 1980-1984  (6,914)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Industrial demand response can play an important part in balancing the intermittent production from a growing share of renewable energies in electricity markets. This paper analyses the role of aggregators - intermediaries between participants and power markets - in facilitating industrial demand response. Based on the results from semi-structured interviews with German demand response aggregators, as well as a wider stakeholder online survey, we examine the role of aggregators in overcoming barriers to industrial demand response. We find that a central role for aggregators is to raise awareness for the potentials of demand response, as well as to support implementation by engaging key actors in industrial companies. Moreover, we develop a taxonomy that helps analyse how the different functional roles of aggregators create economic value. We find that there is considerable heterogeneity in the kind of services that aggregators offer, many of which do create significant economic value. However, some of the functional roles that aggregators currently fill may become obsolete once market barriers to demand response are reduced or knowledge on demand response becomes more diffused.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: In den vergangenen zwei Jahren hat sich die Welt verändert und vermehrt beherrschen Krisen das Bild. Jahrzehntelange Gewissheiten gelten nicht mehr, Risiken und Unsicherheiten nehmen zu, die Herausforderungen werden immer komplexer und erfordern gleichzeitig immer schnelleres und konsequenteres Handeln.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The study sheds light on the background of the prevention of plastic waste from packaging and disposable products by explaining the need for action, the environmental impacts and risks to human health. Experiences of the members of the PREVENT Waste Alliance and their partners in the prevention of plastic waste by multi-actor partnerships are presented by means of 17 best practice examples. Finally, the study gives recommendations for the reduction of plastic waste and the further work of the PREVENT Waste Alliance. These include success factors for waste prevention, necessary next steps and conclusions regarding the necessary political framework conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die GLS Bank finanziert gezielt nachhaltige Projekte und Unternehmen in den Bereichen erneuerbare Energien, nachhaltige Wirtschaft, Ernährung, Wohnen, Bildung & Kultur, Soziales & Gesundheit. Eine zentrale Herausforderung ist es, die Nachhaltigkeitswirkung der Finanz- und Anlagestrategie robust zu quantifizieren und transparent darzustellen. Die GLS Bank hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, die hierfür notwendigen Methoden und Daten zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen ihres Finanz- und Anlagenportfolios schrittweise weiterzuentwickeln, um eine richtungssichere Portfoliosteuerung und Kundenbetreuung zu unterstützen. Ziel des Projektes ist zunächst, das Emissionsgeschehen der finanzierten Wertschöpfungskette abzubilden (Scope 3), aber auch die eingesparten Emissionen als einen Beitrag zum Klimaschutz zu bewerten (Scope 4). Es werden die Scope 3 Emissionen der GLS Bank in den folgenden Finanz- und Anlagebereichen für das Berichtsjahr 2019 bilanziert: 1. Aktien- und Klimafonds; 2. Kredite; 3. Unternehmensbeteiligung. Scope 4 Emissionen werden in Form vermiedener Emissionen (Carbon Handprint) dabei ausschließlich für Bereiche bilanziert, in denen THG-Reduktionspotentiale richtungssicher abgeschätzt werden können. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird der Untersuchungsrahmen, die vom Wuppertal Institut entwickelte Methodik sowie Lösungsstrategien für die Überbrückung geringer Datenqualität/-verfügbarkeit beschrieben. Die Robustheit der Ergebnisse wird durch Prüfungsmethoden reflektiert und dem Leser somit eine Interpretationsunterstützung gegeben. In einem Ausblick werden Weiterentwicklungsbedarfe und -möglichkeiten skizziert, um schrittweise eine zunehmend robuste und wissenschaftliche fundierte Methodik und Datengrundlage zur Bewertung der Klimawirkung sowie weiterer Nachhaltigkeitswirkungen des Finanz- und Anlageportfolios der GLS Bank in Zusammenarbeit mit relevanten Stakeholdern zu etablieren.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Damit sich die weltweit zunehmend ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele erreichen lassen, müssen auch im Industriesektor weitgehende Emissionsreduktionen innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte realisiert werden. Expertinnen und Experten sind sich einig, dass dies nicht ohne den Umstieg von fossilen auf erneuerbare Energieträger und Rohmaterialien - sogenannte Feedstocks - umsetzbar ist. Im Zuge der verstärkten Nutzung dieser grünen Energieträger ist denkbar, dass sich deren Verfügbarkeit und Kosten zu immer wichtigeren Standortfaktoren für die Produktion industrieller Güter entwickeln werden. Dies könnte dazu führen, dass zukünftig Standorte mit kostengünstiger Verfügbarkeit von erneuerbaren Energien attraktiver gegenüber anderen Standorten werden und es dann zu Standortverlagerungen kommt - insbesondere im Bereich der energieintensiven Industrie. In dem vorliegenden Artikel greifen die Autoren diese möglichen Verlagerungen industrieller Produktion auf. In diesem Zusammenhang führen sie auch den Begriff "Renewables Pull" ein. Die in bestimmten Regionen der Welt kostengünstig und in großen Mengen verfügbaren erneuerbaren Energien könnten nach Ansicht der Autoren künftig eine Sogwirkung auslösen und bestimmte Teile der industriellen Produktion anziehen - auch Pull-Effekt genannt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The transition from today's "take, make, waste" economic paradigm to a circular economy requires a joint effort from actors on all levels: governments, business, and civil society. While companies are among the drivers of the circular transformation, they find it hard to achieve a circular economy on their own. Hence, cross-industry collaboration is one of the imperatives for scaling a circular economy. Against this background, econsense, together with Accenture and the Wuppertal Institute, launched its study "Germany's Transition to a Circular Economy - How to Unlock the Potential of Cross-Industry Collaboration". Based on a survey and expert interviews within the econsense community, the study finds that companies are yet to unlock the full potential of cross-industry collaboration. While two thirds of analysed industry collaborations have a high potential for scaling the circular economy, only 43 per cent of those already show a high degree of interaction. The study provides concrete guidance for companies to get started with circularity and identify the right partners for cross-industry collaboration. Specifically, the report recommends companies: 1) Understand what circularity is about and map it on their own operations and processes. 2) Understand the different circular business models and identify the ones relevant to each business. 3) Discover areas where collaboration can help to create the needed foundation and to execute circular actions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitalisation is taking place at a fast pace in all European countries and it is transforming the economies, societies, communication, jobs and the necessary skills for the workplace and everyday life. The Covid-19 pandemic is also accelerating digitalisation at many levels. To address the great challenges resulting from this, the European Commission has launched the Green Deal, a long-term transformation strategy towards an innovative and sustainable society. Three important initiatives under the Green Deal are the New Circular Economy Action Plan, the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Zero Pollution Action Plan. The various strategies and action plans draw up a large portfolio of measures, instruments and milestones that are always linked to digital technologies. Ideally, these are eco-innovative and sustainable and contribute to improving living conditions in Europe. The EIO Biennial Report 2020, which looks at a different topic every two years, considers digitalisation a major opportunity to accelerate the transition to a circular Europe. In the current report, the authors provide an overview of eco-innovation trends, illustrated by digital technology and policy practices that can further drive the circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Auf dem Weg zu einer ressourceneffizienten Gesellschaft bedarf es richtiger Rahmenbedingungen, Informationen und Handlungsalternativen. Eine Möglichkeit, diese Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, ist ein kommunales Zero-Waste-Konzept. Zero Waste lässt sich übersetzen mit "Null Abfall, null Verschwendung" und verfolgt das Ziel, möglichst wenig Abfall zu produzieren sowie effizient und sparsam mit Ressourcen umzugehen. Ein solches Konzept wie in Kiel ist die Basis für eine Zertifizierung als Zero Waste City, eine Auszeichnung, die der europäische Verein Zero Waste Europe vergibt. 2007 wurde die italienische Gemeinde Capannori zur ersten Zero Waste City in Europa erklärt, seitdem sind knapp 400 europäische Gemeinden dieser Bewegung gefolgt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die beiden mächtigsten Energiekonzerne in Deutschland fusionieren wechselseitig ihre Geschäftsfelder. Das Ergebnis wird eine bisher nie dagewesene Marktbeherrschung im Energiesektor darstellen. Die beiden Autoren beleuchten den Deal und kritisieren die Untätigkeit sämtlicher Aufsichtsbehörden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Prepaid-Stromzähler sind in Deutschland noch selten, bieten jedoch zukünftig einen interessanten Markt. Vor allem kleinere Anbieter, aber auch erste Regionalversorger kombinieren die Megatrends Digitalisierung und Energiewende und kreieren daraus neue Dienstleistungen. Zusammen mit IT-Firmen entwickeln sie daraus neue Geschäftsideen, die auch hinsichtlich sozialer Aspekte hohen Anforderungen genügen. Der Rollout von Smart Metering-Lösungen eröffnet zukünftig noch größere Chancen, durch Echtzeit-Datenerfassung den Energieverbrauch und damit auch Einsparpotenziale transparent zu machen. Hochaufgelöste Daten ermöglichen innovative Dienstleistungen und bringen die Kundenbeziehung auf eine neue Ebene.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Öffentliche Mittel für die Unterstützung von Unternehmen sollten bestenfalls so eingesetzt werden, dass sie eine möglichst große, nachhaltige Wirkung haben und mit einem gesellschaftlichen Nutzen verbunden sind. Das kann unmittelbar erfolgen, in dem die konkrete Förderung an bestimmte Vorgaben gebunden wird, wie etwa den Ausbau von zukunftsfähigen Infrastrukturen. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, die Risikoabsicherung von Unternehmen - beispielsweise über Bürgschaften oder andere geeignete Finanzierungskonditionen - an der Nachhaltigkeitsperformance der Unternehmen auszurichten. Der vorliegende vierstufige Leitfaden, den der WWF Deutschland und das Wuppertal Institut entwickelt haben, dient als Grundlage für die zielorientiertere Vergabe von Mitteln und deren praktische Umsetzung. Er baut auf der von der Europäischen Union entwickelten "Taxonomie" für nachhaltige Investitionen auf. Darin enthalten sind Grenzwerte, welche die Nachhaltigkeitsperformance wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten definieren. Auf diese Weise lässt sich filtern, ob ein wirtschaftliches Vorhaben zukunftsfähig ist. Hierbei unterstützt der "Entscheidungsbaum" des Leitfadens die Anwendung der EU-Taxonomie als Regelwerk.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Mehr als sechs Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfälle fallen in Deutschland jährlich an, nur etwas weniger als die Hälfte kann werk- und rohstofflich genutzt werden, der Rest wird verbrannt. Gerade gemischte Kunststoffarten erschweren das Recycling. Hier bietet sich das chemische Recycling (Pyrolyse) an. Bei diesem Verfahren werden die Stoffe durch hohe Temperaturen zersetzt und in kleinere Moleküle aufgespalten. Diese lassen sich im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft in neue Kunststoffe oder chemische Grundstoffe überführen. Die Schätzungen gehen von bis zu zwei Millionen Tonnen Kunststoffabfall jährlich aus, der auf diese Weise wiederverwendet werden könnte. Das vorliegende Diskussionspapier zeigt, dass Pyrolyse von gemischten Kunststoffabfällen die chemische Industrie sowie die Abfallwirtschaft klimafreundlicher gestalten kann. Im Papier geht das Autorenteam auf die Potenziale und Entwicklungsperspektiven für Nordrhein-Westfalen ein mit dem Ziel, wissenschaftliche Grundlagen für Investitionsentscheidungen und Projektentwicklung im Sinne der Kreislaufwirtschaft zu schaffen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2022-02-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Kurzstudie ist Teil des Verbundvorhabens "Circular Economy als Innovationsmotor für eine klimaneutrale und ressourceneffiziente Wirtschaft (CEWI)" der Stiftung 2°, dem WWF Deutschland und dem Wuppertal Institut und hat zum Ziel, die Potenziale des Gebäudesektors und der dazugehörigen Wertschöpfung im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von zirkulären Ansätzen zu analysieren und den Beitrag zur Ressourceneinsparung und dem Klimaschutz zu bewerten. Das Ergebnis dieser Kurzstudie leitet sich aus einem intensiven Bewertungsprozess verschiedener Maßnahmen-Cluster ab und besteht aus sechs Handlungsfeldern, die ein Potenzial für den Ausbau von Klimaneutralität und Ressourceneffizienz im Gebäudesektor aufweisen. Diese Handlungsfelder bilden die Grundlage für den weiteren Projektverlauf von CEWI, in dem Industrieakteure in Workshops gemeinsam Pilotprojekte modellieren werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Diese Kurzstudie ist Teil des Verbundvorhabens "Circular Economy als Innovationsmotor für eine klimaneutrale und ressourceneffiziente Wirtschaft (CEWI)" der Stiftung 2°, dem WWF Deutschland und dem Wuppertal Institut und hat zum Ziel, die Potenziale des Automobilsektors und der dazugehörigen Wertschöpfung im Hinblick auf die Umsetzung von zirkulären Ansätzen zu analysieren und den Beitrag zur Ressourceneinsparung und dem Klimaschutz zu bewerten. Das Ergebnis dieser Kurzstudie leitet sich aus einem intensiven Bewertungsprozess verschiedener Maßnahmen-Cluster ab und besteht aus sechs Handlungsfeldern, die ein Potenzial für den Ausbau von Klimaneutralität und Ressourceneffizienz im Automobilsektor aufweisen. Diese Handlungsfelder bilden die Grundlage für den weiteren Projektverlauf von CEWI, in dem Akteure aus der Praxis in Workshops gemeinsam Pilotprojekte modellieren werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Die Wirtschaftsförderung Region Stuttgart GmbH (WRS) unterstützt die Transformation der Region Stuttgart in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit und sieht die Bioökonomie als eine wichtige Strategie zu diesem Zweck. Die WRS hat das Wuppertal Institut mit dieser Kurzstudie mit dem Fokus auf die industrielle Bioökonomie beauftragt, um eine Informationsgrundlage für die Spezifikation weiterer Aktivitäten der WRS im Kontext der Bioökonomie zu schaffen. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über definitorische Ansätze und Diskurslinien der Bioökonomie. Sie fasst Einschätzungen des deutschen Bioökonomierates zu Marktpotenzialen der Bioökonomie in verschiedenen Branchen zusammen, die u.a. für Automobil, Biotechnologie und IKT als gut eingeschätzt werden. Anschließend umreißt die Studie die Innovationsansätze Biomimikry und Biointelligenz. Für den Ansatz Biointelligenz zur biologischen Transformation der industriellen Wertschöpfung werden die in Studien von Dritten identifizierten Marktpotenziale der Biointelligenz zusammengefasst, u.a. in den Bereichen Unterstützungssysteme, Produktionssysteme/-technologien und Baumaterialien. Darüber hinaus stellt die Studie Schnittstellen relevanter Landesstrategien in Baden-Württemberg zu Bioökonomiethemen dar, die synergetisch genutzt werden könnten. Ergänzend gibt die Studie einen Überblick über die Akteurslandschaft in Baden-Württemberg. Der Überblick basiert insbesondere auf dem Bioökonomie Kompetenzatlas wissenschaftlicher Akteure, der von der Landeskoordinierungsstelle an der Universität Hohenheim herausgegeben wird, sowie einer Akteursanalyse aus dem Projekt "Bioökonomie in Baden-Württemberg", das am KIT durch das ITAS durchgeführt wurde und durch die BIOPRO Baden-Württemberg GmbH unterstützt wurde. Auf Basis dieser Informationssammlung entwirft die Studie weiterführende Fragen in Bezug auf mögliche weitere Aktivitäten der WRS im Kontext der Bioökonomie, u.a. die mögliche Nutzung von Innovationsansätzen aus dem Bereich der Living Lab und Reallaborforschung.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Two thirds of today's world trade is based on global value chains and supply networks. Purely regional supply chains have become less important in recent decades. The effects of these globalised structures are manifold. On the one hand, they promote employment and generate prosperity. On the other hand, they are beset by extreme social, ecological and economic imbalances. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the fragility of existing supply chain systems. The lockdown continues to disrupt complex supply chains and many problems of existing production and consumption continue to worsen. COVID-19 is one example of the crises that can shake globally networked supply chains in the short term. Other crises, such as climate change, develop more insidiously and are less immediately recognisable. Different as they are, such crises have one thing in common: they highlight the vulnerability of global social and economic structures and illustrate the impact of global trade on the regions and people of the world. This is precisely where global sustainability strategy comes in - it aims to fundamentally reduce differences and inequalities in opportunities and quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the entire world into upheaval, creating an opportunity to make sustainability a central political resilience strategy. In the wake of the Corona pandemic, the discussion about resilient communities has flared up. In order to guarantee supply in the face of such crises, these should be more strongly regional and circular in their economic approach and global and sustainable in their perspective. The aim should be sustainable, transparent, non-exploitative supply chains that guarantee the security of supply to cover basic needs and public services despite sudden changes and crises. This discussion paper draws a future scenario of globally cooperative, circular regional economies that fundamentally reduce global inequalities in opportunities and quality of life, while at the same time permanently preserving the natural foundations of life.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Seitdem Einweg-Plastikartikel wie Kunststofftüten und Strohhalme verboten wurden, sind Straßen und Strände sauberer geworden. Zudem wurde auch die öffentliche Diskussion über nachhaltigen Konsum intensiviert. Die Gesamtmenge an Kunststoff-Abfällen ließ sich mit "Plastikverboten" hingegen nicht signifikant reduzieren. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt der vorliegende Polyproblem-Report der gemeinnützigen Röchling Stiftung und des Beratungshauses Wider Sense in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Wuppertal Institut. Die Autor*innen haben die Wirkung staatlicher Verbote von Einweg-Plastikprodukten unter die Lupe genommen und die Erfahrungen aus Deutschland, Kenia und Kalifornien analysiert.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-01-26
    Description: Within the Shaping Digitalisation project, we aim to highlight and discuss the opportunities that digitalisation can bring to Germany. In particular, we are discussing three stand-out areas where action is most needed to achieve ecological transformation: mobility, the circular economy, and agriculture and food. This report addresses the second area in need of action. Up until now, discussions on the circular economy have been limited to recycling and the re-use of materials. We must expand the scope of these discussions to include new, resource-efficient business models and the comprehensive transformation of value chains and industrial structures. Our analysis has found that digitalisation is indispensable for this transformation if used properly. We hope this report will provide the impetus needed to kick-start a climate- and resource-friendly industrial transformation in Germany. Here, we have incorporated the findings of our interdisciplinary workshop on "Shaping the Digital-Ecological Industrial Transformation - Business Models and Political Framework Conditions for Climate and Resource Protection" that was attended by experts from international research institutes, civil organizations, public authorities, and private companies.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 24
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    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Publication Date: 2022-11-09
    Description: Die Europäische Union (EU) hat erkannt, dass das Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis 2050 ein zentraler Innovations- und Wachstumsmotor für Industrie und Wirtschaft in der EU sein kann. Neben großen Chancen stellt dies die europäische Wirtschaft und überwiegend die besonders emissionsintensiven sowie im international starkem Wettbewerb stehenden Grundstoffindustrien auch vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Eine integrierte Klima- und Industriestrategie ist für den Klimaschutz von zentraler Bedeutung, da auf die Produktion von Stahl, Zement, Grundstoffchemikalien, Glas, Papier und anderen Materialien in der EU und weltweit rund 20 Prozent der gesamten Treibhausgasemissionen entfallen. Auch in einer treibhausgasneutralen Zukunft kann auf diese Materialien nicht verzichten werden. Zugleich ist die emissionsfreie Herstellung der Materialien technologisch sowie mit Blick auf die dafür erforderlichen Infrastrukturen besonders herausfordernd. Dies gilt vor allem für die Frage woher die hohen benötigten Mengen an grüner Energie - insbesondere Strom und Wasserstoff - zu wettbewerbsfähigen Preisen kommen sollen. Analysen zeigen, dass trotz erheblicher Kosten bei der Prozessumstellung die Kosten der Transformation der Grundstoffindustrie für die Gesellschaft insgesamt tragbar sind. Denn bezogen auf die Endprodukte betragen die Mehrkosten meist nur wenige Prozentpunkte; die Preise von Rohstahl oder Zement dagegen würden sich zwischen einem Drittel und 100 Prozent verteuern. Da fast alle Grundstoffhersteller in starker Weltmarktkonkurrenz stehen, können sie die Investitionen in eine klimaneutrale Produktion und die benötigten Energieinfrastrukturen aber nicht ohne Unterstützung tragen. Das vorliegende Papier skizziert ein integriertes Klima-Industriepolitikpaket, das der EU ermöglichen kann, die bestehende technologische Führung in vielen dieser Industrien zielgerichtet zum Aufbau einer treibhausgasneutralen Grundstoffindustrie zu nutzen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2022-10-10
    Description: The introduction of a Digital Product Passport (DPP) is an opportunity to create a system that can store and share all relevant information throughout a product's life cycle. This would provide industry stakeholders, businesses, public authorities and consumers with a better understanding of the materials used in the product as well as their embodied environmental impact. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the cost-of-living crisis, now is a critical moment to transform our economic and business models, while also addressing the huge scale of material emissions. DPPs can be a pivotal policy instrument in this goal. Furthermore, DPPs can accelerate the twin green and digital transitions as part of EU efforts to deliver positive climate action and sustainable economies. In 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted a new Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which emphasised the need for circular economy initiatives to consider the entire life cycle of products, from the production of basic materials to end-of-life disposal. The Circular Economy Package published in March 2022 includes a proposal for an Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), which builds upon the Ecodesign Directive that covers energy-related products. A DPP will form a key regulatory element of the ESPR by enhancing the traceability of products and their components. This will provide consumers and manufacturers with the information needed to make better informed choices by taking their environmental impact into consideration. As discussed in the report, there is widespread agreement amongst business leaders that a well-designed DPP could have both short- and longer-term benefits, improving access to reliable and comparable product sustainability information for businesses, consumers and policymakers. A well-designed DPP can unify information, making it more readily accessible to all actors in the supply chain. This will support businesses to ensure an effective transformation towards a decarbonised industry. It could also create incentives for companies to make their products more sustainable, as improving access to reliable and consistent information across supply chains will make it easier for customers to make comparisons.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2022-10-07
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: Die Dekarbonisierung der Mietwohnungsbestände ist zwingende Voraussetzung für die Einhaltung deutscher Klimaschutzziele. Hierzu ist eine schnelle und deutliche Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz unabdinglich. Aber: funktioniert der Markt für Energieeffizienz bei Mietwohnungen? Eine empirische Untersuchung auf dem Wuppertaler Mietwohnungsmarkt gibt Antworten darauf. Um die Sanierungsrate signifikant zu steigern, etwa durch eine höhere Zahlungsbereitschaft für Energieeffizienz, braucht es sowohl für Vermieter als auch für Mieter verbesserte Rahmenbedingungen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: A main goal of this study - which also functions as deliverable 210078-D07 of the Circular Economy Beacons (CEB) project - is to evaluate currently available frameworks that measure and operationalise Circular Economy (CE), with a particular focus on the urban context. The regional focus lies on the Western Balkan region, which is at the centre of the project. Such "Urban Circularity Hotspot Frameworks" (UCHF) aim at providing decision support for policy makers, companies, citizens etc. regarding the transition to CE within cities. Based on the analysis of different frameworks, suggestions are derived regarding UCHF suitable for the specific characteristics of Western Balkan municipalities, i.e. a Circular Economy Beacons Urban Circularity Hotspot Framework (CEB-UCHF) ready for short-term implementation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: Circular economy seems a vital enabler for sustainable use of natural resources which is also important for achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals. Therefore, a special session addressing issues of "sustainable solutions and remarkable practices in circular economy focusing materials downstream" was held at the 16th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, where researchers and attendees worldwide were convened to share their experiences and visions. Presentations focusing on many key points such as new strategies, innovative technologies, management methods, and practical cases were discussed during the session. Accordingly, this article compiled all these distinctive presentations and gave insights into the pathway of circular economy towards the sustainable development goals. We summarized that the transition to circular economy can keep the value of resources and products at a high level and minimize waste production; the focus of governmental policies and plans with the involvement of public-private-partnership on 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) helps to improve the use of natural resources and take a step ahead to approach or achieve the sustainability.
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: In Germany, the number of renewable energy prosumers has increased rapidly since 2000. However, the development of prosumers has faced and will continue to face various economic, social, and technological challenges, which have triggered the emergence of a number of innovative business models (BM). This paper enriches the empirical basis for prosumer-oriented BMs by investigating two BM innovations in Germany (P2P electricity trading and aggregation of small-size prosumers) drawing on business model and socio-technical transition theories. A mix of qualitative data collection methods, including document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, was applied. We found that while both BMs can potentially address the challenges associated with renewable energy prosumer development in Germany, small-scale prosumers’ participation in both BMs has been limited so far. We identified various internal and external drivers and barriers for scaling up these BMs for prosumer development in Germany. Despite these barriers, both aggregation and centralized P2P targeting prosumers may potentially be also taken up by incumbent market actors such as utilities. Decentralized P2P on the other hand still faces significant internal and external barriers for upscaling. Based on the analysis, the paper provides policy recommendations with respect to the identified drivers and barriers. From a theoretical perspective, our findings provide further evidence to challenge the dichotomous understanding of niche actors and incumbents, the latter of which are often theorized to be resistant to radical innovations.
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Die Emscher-Lippe Region ist seit vielen Jahren von einer intensiven wirtschaftlichen Transformation geprägt. Die fortschreitende De-Industrialisierung bzw. die Neuorientierung der Industrie nach dem Wegfall der Kohle- und Stahlindustrie stellt regionale Entscheidungsträger vor große Herausforderungen, wenn es darum geht, der hohen Arbeitslosenquote zu begegnen, Beschäftigungsquoten zu sichern, mit der prekären Finanzsituation in den kommunalen Haushalten umzugehen und den Wirtschaftsstandort zu stabilisieren und neu aufzustellen. Der Strukturwandel der Region ist mit Schließung der letzten Steinkohle-Zeche Ende 2018 nicht abgeschlossen, sondern geht mit dem Kohleausstieg im Energiesektor in eine zweite Phase. Dies sollte auch als Chance verstanden werden, den Wirtschaftsstandort Emscher-Lippe mit seinen energiereichen Industrien innovativ neu zu gestalten und die Region sowohl energetisch, als auch stofflich von der Nutzung fossiler Träger abzukoppeln. Eine wichtige Säule der regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung besteht darin, strategische Netzwerke und regionale Wertschöpfungsketten zu stärken, um die in der Region ansässigen (mittelständischen) Unternehmen zu unterstützen und den Strukturwandel innerhalb der dominierenden Industrien aus den Bereichen Energieerzeugung und chemischer Industrie zu begleiten. Die vorliegende Studie bereitet auf, welche Bedeutung die Wasserstoffwirtschaft in der Emscher-Lippe Region in diesem Zusammenhang derzeit spielt und zukünftig spielen könnte.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2022-11-10
    Description: Immer mehr Unternehmen verkünden, klimaneutral sein zu wollen und zahlreiche Firmen bieten bereits klimaneutrale Produkte oder Dienstleistungen an: Von der klimaneutralen Paketzustellung bis zur Flugreise. Doch was bedeuten die Neutralitätsziele der Unternehmen genau? Ist das gesetzte Ziel ambitioniert? Und welche Rolle spielt Offsetting, also der Ankauf von Klimaschutzzertifikaten und deren Anrechnung auf das eigene Klimaschutzziel? Die hinter den verkündeten Zielen stehenden Ansätze sind häufig nur schwer nachvollziehbar. Vor diesem Hintergrund gibt der vorliegende Zukunftsimpuls zehn Empfehlungen für die Festlegung und Umsetzung von Neutralitätszielen. Die Autorinnen und Autoren sprechen sich dabei unter anderem für die Nutzung einer robusten Datenbasis als Grundlage für Neutralitätsziele aus, betonen die Bedeutung einer transparenten Kommunikation und zeigen auf, welche Rolle Offsetting spielen sollte. So sollten angekaufte Klimaschutz-Zertifikate einen möglichst begrenzten Beitrag zur Zielerfüllung leisen und ausschließlich zum Ausgleich von Emissionen genutzt werden, die nicht reduziert oder vermieden werden können. Insgesamt sollten Neutralitätsziele nicht zum alleinigen Kriterium für ambitionierten Klimaschutz von Unternehmen gemacht werden, sie stellen vielmehr ein Baustein einer weitaus umfassenderen unternehmerischen Klimaschutzstrategie dar.
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: With increasing world population and an unsettling resource scarcity in the back, sustainble consumption has moved to the foreground of political, economical and social discussions. One major school-of-thought is Circular Economy (CE), an approach summarizing various sustainable consumption activites under one roof. However, quantitative studies on the consumer are rare, yet crucial for a transfer from linear to circular consumption. This dissertation adds to literature by providing pioneer insights into consumer behavior in CE as an overarching concept, instead limiting research on singular subconcepts. Namely, four consumer activities are studied: recycling, upcycling, renting and sharing. In order to identify relevant insights for both academics and practitioners in CE, the research question ("what drives participation in CE?") is broken down into sub-hypotheses, which are addressed by three empirical studies. Using the SOR-Model (adaption Belk 1975) as overarching logic, the three studies deal with (1) the consumer (and their motivation) and situational stimuli (both (2) offline and (3) online). Respectively, three data sets are consulted to assess the sub-hypotheses and to identify overarching insights on how to accelerate consumer participation in CE, The research methodology employed ranges from a structured equation model (SEM), a random allocation field experiment during Fashion Week in Berlin to a discrete-choice model with best-worst scaling. The dissertation succeeds in revealing that (1) different activities in CE can be summarized in one latent variable, proving CE as a wholesome concept in consumer-related activities; that (2) Trust has a leveraging effect on participation in CE activities. Further, Trust can be enhanced offline via face-to-face interaction and online via third-party online attributes.; and that (3) experience in CE activities affects perception of online attributes, implying the need for adapted measures when dealing with CE-unexperienced consumers as compared to consumers with prior experience in CE activities.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2022-12-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Language: German
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: How do recent changes in consumption in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the avoidance of packaging waste? How can an increase in packaging waste be countered and the previous trend towards unpackaged and reusable solutions be revived and promoted? To tackle these questions, we use a systemic approach that regards packaging as a network of interrelated interests of industry (manufacturing and logistics), trade (retail and catering), consumers and the waste management sector. To analyse this network, we applied three methods. First, we analysed secondary sources such as surveys. Second, we conducted semi-structured interviews with seven actors from industry, consumer education and waste management in May and June 2020. Third, we used the questions from the interview guideline to do an online survey among representatives of the public waste management industry.
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Language: German
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  • 37
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 89-90 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Histamine TMS derivatives, complete separation, 2 minutes ; NPD used for quantitation down to 20 pg ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complete separation of the TMS derivatives of histamine, 1-methyl histamine and 3-methyl histamine was achieved in two minutes in a 7 m × 0.25 mm column coated with SP 2250. Using NPD, histamine was detectable at levels as low as 20 pg. This offers a rapid, sensitive procedure with potential for clinical diagnosis and food analysis.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 301-302 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polychlorinated biphenyls ; Liquid crystal phase ; Choice of stationary phases for analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 305-306 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, micro HPLC ; Temperature effect ; Cooled column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Broadening effect ; Connecting tube ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 337-344 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Surface deactivation ; High temperature silylation ; Applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper describes the results of a study on the deactivation of the surface of glass capillary columns by high temperature silylation (HTS). The different steps, leaching, washing, dehydration and HTS were optimized. A practical procedure yielding a high percentage of very good columns is given. The influence of leaching and HTS on the temperature stability and coating efficiency of capillary columns coated with OV-1 was studied. The inertness of the glass surface after HTS is demonstrated by several examples.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 351-352 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Injector ; Concentrator ; Electrically heated inlet ; Capillary columns ; Vapor sampler ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 355-356 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) ; Open tubular glass capillary columns ; Blended stationary phases ; Liquid crystals ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 362-370 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 371-371 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 47
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 381-394 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Steroids, prostaglandins, drugs ; Metabolites ; Derivatization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the development of the application of capillary column GLC methods to steroids, prostaglandins and especially drugs and their metabolites in samples of biological origin. The wide variety - in terms of structures and pharmacological properties - of drugs now analyzed by capillary column GLC is made evident. Reasons for use of capillary rather than packed columns are given. The frequent use of and need for derivatization procedures prior to chromatography is emphasized. A bibliography of 83 references is included in the manuscript.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; SCOT column ; Coating, liquid phase ; Single-step coating ; Phenols ; Phenolic acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A single-step coating method for the preparation of glass capillary SCOT columns is described. It is reproducible and less time-consuming than the well-known two-step coating procedures. Other methods attempted are discussed briefly. Both the flame ionization and electron capture detectors could be used in conjunction with temperature programming. The separations achieved with an “activity mixture”, phenols and phenolic acids, illustrate the resolution obtained. The columns are suitable for quantitative determinations and a comparison is made with a conventional packed column.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 38-39 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Activity ; Hydroxylated surfaces ; Dehydroxylated surfaces ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 83-85 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HPLC ; Nanoliter volume detector ; 1.5 × 10-5 AU noise (0.1 μl 0.1% benzene in methanol) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 95-96 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: TLC ; Gradient and continuous development ; Amino acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin-layer gradient elution chromatography is a convenient technique for separation of very complicated mixtures; in some cases the gradient technique can be replaced by continuous development. The two techniques are compared in practice by using them to separate a mixture of dabsyl derivatives of amino acids.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 123-124 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: (GC)2 in short capillaries ; Liquid crystalline stationary phase ; Supercooled temperature range ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 132-134 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC ; Chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations ; Quantitation within 0.66-3.41% relative standard deviation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 142-142 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 33-34 
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    Keywords: HPLC bonded phases ; Picramidopropyl silica ; Charge transfer HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 62-68 
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    Keywords: Gas Chromatography ; Adsorption on glass surface, no peak shade deformation ; Radioactivity, test to show systematic loss by sorption ; Phenytoin ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The labelled drug [14C] phenytoin was injected into an all-glass chromatographic system to determine adsorption on various system parts. It appeared that 10 to 20% of the amount injected did not elute. Severity of adsorption as measured from lasting radioactivity was not anticipated from peak shape or calibration curves.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 86-86 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Recycle chromatography ; Multiple-pass chromatography ; Thermal focussing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 146-146 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cold trap heating ; Thermal focussing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 152-152 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 11-15 
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    Keywords: GC instrument conversion ; All-glass GC-2 system ; Phenols ; Hydrocarbons ; Terpenoids ; Linear response ; Reproducibility ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two regular GC instruments were modified with injection port liners, split-mode injection systems, pressure regulators, effluent traps and needle valves to produce an all-glass GC-2 system. This simple and inexpensive system allows the quantitative analyses of phenols, hydrocarbons, acids, sterols, terpenoids, and alkaloids with excellent reproducibility and linear response. Even more impressive was its ability to analyze a C45-terpenoid alcohol, solanesol, as its TMS-derivative (M.W. 702).
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 28-28 
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    Keywords: Chemical reaction chromatographic analysis ; Two six-port valves for reaction analysis ; Two six-port valves connection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 25-27 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Instrumental modification to multidimensional separation ; Application with packed columns on complex sample composition ; Indene to pyrene range in coal tar ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 199-204 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 206-207 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 79-84 
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    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Mobile phase parameters and RM-value ; Influence of surface of adsorbed molecules ; Non-active binary mobile phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purpose of the studies being carried out is to find some regularities of a general character which determine the relationship between the structures of the chromatographed substances and the composition of the mobile phase, i.e., between the log of the partition coefficient of the sample (Az), the K1-values which characterize the adsorption equilibrium of component “1” in a given chromatographic system, the structures of the mobile phase components and the structures of the substances being chromatographed. This paper deals with the relationship between the Az and K1 parameters and the structure of naphthalene and a number of its derivatives. It has been shown that there is a close relationship between the kind, size, frequency and site of the substituent on the one hand and the Az and K1 values on the other. In order to eliminate the possibility of unwanted side effects, the investigations were carried exclusively using non-active binary mobile phases of the type N + N or N + /B/. From these investigations, a comparison between the parameter Az and the surface of adsorbed molecules (As) was also possible.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 91-91 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating technique details ; End-sealing without failure, under ethanol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 95-100 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 101-101 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 133-142 
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    Keywords: HPLC, UV and EC ; Detector response ratios ; Impurities in Phenol ; Identification using HPLC ; Hydroquinone ; Catechol ; Inactivation of RNA ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several impurities which were suspected to be present in commercial reagent-grade phenol were separated using high performance liquid chromatography following sample concentration by steam distillation. A reverse-phase, microparticulate column and 5 solvent systems containing 5% to 25% methanol in 0.05 M phosphoric acid were used. A variable wavelength ultraviolet detector and an electrochemical detector were connected in series, in that order, to the column. Capacity factors (ḱ) for pyrogallol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, orcinol and phenol were determined in the 5 solvent systems and compared to ḱ-values of impurities present in the residue remaining from the steam distillation of phenol. Co-chromatography of standards suspected as contaminants and possessing ḱ-values similar to those of impurities were carried out in 3 solvent systems to confirm identical retention characteristics. Detector response ratios of contaminants and suspected standards, using various wavelengths and voltage potential settings, were utilized as major identification parameters. Two of the several contaminants separated were identified as hydroquinone and catechol.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 149-150 
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    Keywords: HPTLC ; Rel. quantitative alkaloid determination ; 5% standard deviation in adsorption mode ; 3% standard deviation in fluorescence mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A direct densitometric method for the quantitative measurement of reserpine and ajmaline in whole roots and bark of roots of Rauwolfia Vomitoria, after extraction and separation by thin-layer chromatography, is described. The emission and excitation spectra of the reserpine and the absorption spectrum of the ajmaline were scanned. The linear range between peak area and concentration is given.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 189-190 
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    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Circular mode ; Partially alkylated reversed-phases plates ; Water concentration in mobile phase of great influence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Columns, packed ; High resolution ; Packing apparatus ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 411-412 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Chemical bonding - cross-linking ; Apolar columns ; Preparation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 419-421 
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    Keywords: HPLC ; Extraction fluorimetry ; Canrenone ; Serum drug levels ; Comparison ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 429-430 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 266-266 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 273-276 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Packed columns ; Coupling of long, microbore, packed columns ; Separation efficiencies, wide choice with same HPLC system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coupling several 25 cm × 2 mm ID analytical columns together is a simple and easy way to achieve high resolution HPLC (20,000-50,000 plates). How to do this with commercially available instruments, injectors and detectors is described in the paper.An attractive feature of the long narrow column approach is that the same HPLC set-up can be used for both fast-low and slow-high efficiency separations.High efficiency is essential for really complex natural mixtures, e.g. the hop and beer bitter acids. Some examples are shown.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 298-298 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Closing technique for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 302-302 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary ; Fitting silica capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 500-507 
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    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Weak anion exchanger ; Octadecyl bonded packing ; Urine analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis of ultraviolet-absorbing constituents in urine was undertaken by anion-exchange and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. A newly developed anion exchanger (TSK-IEX540 DEAE) was used for ion-exchange mode liquid chromatography and its high polarity and physical strength greatly reduced the analysis time. Up to 80 peaks were resolved within 30 min. Hydrophobicity values were used to predict the retention times of acids in reversed-phase mode liquid chromatography.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 523-524 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Split injection ; Injection time influence ; PAH ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 533-534 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; End-sealing method for static coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 532-533 
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    Keywords: Micro high performance liquid chromatography, MHPLC ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, FT- IR ; Combination of MHPLC and FT-IR ; KBr buffer memory technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 360-361 
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    Keywords: Standard purging device for soil volatiles ; Sample preparation procedure ; Deuterated internal standard control ; Computerized GC/MS identification ; Analysis within one hour, low ppb sensitivity ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 291-296 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Adsorption chromatography ; Saturation TLC chromatographic chambers ; TLC parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of chamber saturation in thin-layer chromatography on theoretical and experimental parameters of mixture separations were examined. Five different types of chambers for development of chromatograms were taken into consideration. The relation found experimentally differed widely from that calculated using Ościk's equation for different method of carrying out of the chromatographic process. The investigations presented here show the possibility of choosing chromatographic chambers which are optimum for theoretical studies on the process of thin-layer chromatography.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 303-305 
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    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Surface modification ; Sulfur dioxide treatment ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Volatile sulfur compounds from waste water ; Adsorption of air samples on tenax GC ; Mechanism of corrosion of concrete ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 423-424 
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    Keywords: High performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) ; Butyrophenones ; Fluorescence ; Flushing gases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 3-12 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Plasma determination ; Midazolam ; Pharmacokinetic study ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) assay was developed for plasma determinations of 8-chloro-6-(2′ -fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5 α][1,4]benzodiazepine (compound I) and its hydroxymethylimidazo metabolite (compound II). The internal standards used were 8-chloro-6-(2′ -chlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5 α][1,4]benzodiazepine (compound VI) and 7-chloro-5-(2′ -fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-1-(hydroxyethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (compound VII) for compounds I and II, respectively. Following extraction, and silylation for compound II, compounds I and II were analyzed by GLC using a glass column packed with 5% OV-101 on Gas-Chrom Q, and a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The GLC method was validated by a CI-GC/MS technique. The detection limit of the assay is approximately 4-5 ng/ml for compound I and 3 ng/ml for compound II. The method was used in comparative pharmacokinetic studies of the distribution of the two compounds in arterial and venous blood.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 473-474 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Complex wax ester mixtures ; Resolution of components by total carbon number and by degree of unsaturation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A glass capillary GC method providing high resolution analysis of complex wax ester mixtures is described. The two key parameters needed for evaluating a wax ester mixture for industrial utility - the total carbon chain length and the number of carbon-carbon double bonds present in each component - are simply and rapidly obtained by this method.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 372-375 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 405-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Determination of adsorption ; Irreversible adsorption on glass columns made visible ; Fluorescent compound PMBF2 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PMBF2, a pyrromethene pigment, can be used in gas chromatography. Because of its fluorescence, adsorption sites on glass columns and connections can be traced in situ. The compound can be employed to check the inertness of glass surfaces after deactivation procedures. Some applications are described.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 486-486 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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