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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (52,677)
  • American Institute of Physics  (37,419)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (18,751)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (16,067)
  • 2020-2023  (26)
  • 1985-1989  (124,888)
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  • 1
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    Future climate response to Antarctic Ice Sheet melt caused by anthropogenic warming (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sadai, S., Condron, A., DeConto, R., & Pollard, D. Future climate response to Antarctic Ice Sheet melt caused by anthropogenic warming. Science Advances, 6(39), (2020): eaaz1169, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1169.
    Description: Meltwater and ice discharge from a retreating Antarctic Ice Sheet could have important impacts on future global climate. Here, we report on multi-century (present–2250) climate simulations performed using a coupled numerical model integrated under future greenhouse-gas emission scenarios IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with meltwater and ice discharge provided by a dynamic-thermodynamic ice sheet model. Accounting for Antarctic discharge raises subsurface ocean temperatures by 〉1°C at the ice margin relative to simulations ignoring discharge. In contrast, expanded sea ice and 2° to 10°C cooler surface air and surface ocean temperatures in the Southern Ocean delay the increase of projected global mean anthropogenic warming through 2250. In addition, the projected loss of Arctic winter sea ice and weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are delayed by several decades. Our results demonstrate a need to accurately account for meltwater input from ice sheets in order to make confident climate predictions.
    Description: This research was supported by the NSF Office of Polar Programs through NSF grant 1443347, the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) division of the U.S. Department of Energy through grant DE-SC0019263, the NSF through ICER 1664013, and by a grant to the NASA Sea Level Science Team 80NSSC17K0698.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 2
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    A continuous pathway for fresh water along the East Greenland shelf (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Foukal, N. P., Gelderloos, R., & Pickart, R. S. A continuous pathway for fresh water along the East Greenland shelf. Science Advances, 6(43), (2020): eabc4254, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc4254.
    Description: Export from the Arctic and meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet together form a southward-flowing coastal current along the East Greenland shelf. This current transports enough fresh water to substantially alter the large-scale circulation of the North Atlantic, yet the coastal current’s origin and fate are poorly known due to our lack of knowledge concerning its north-south connectivity. Here, we demonstrate how the current negotiates the complex topography of Denmark Strait using in situ data and output from an ocean circulation model. We determine that the coastal current north of the strait supplies half of the transport to the coastal current south of the strait, while the other half is sourced from offshore via the shelfbreak jet, with little input from the Greenland Ice Sheet. These results indicate that there is a continuous pathway for Arctic-sourced fresh water along the entire East Greenland shelf from Fram Strait to Cape Farewell.
    Description: Funding for this work comes from the NSF under grant numbers OCE-1756361 and OCE-1558742 (N.P.F. and R.S.P.) and grant numbers OCE-1756863 and OAC-1835640 (R.G.).
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  • 3
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    The impact of faulting complexity and type on earthquake rupture dynamics (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: The statistical properties of seismicity are known to be affected by several factors such as the rheological parameters of rocks. We analysed the earthquake double-couple as a function of the faulting type. Here we show that it impacts the moment tensors of earthquakes: thrust- faulting events are characterized by higher double-couple components with respect to strike- slip- and normal-faulting earthquakes. Our results are coherent with the stress dependence of the scaling exponent of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which is anticorrelated to the double- couple. We suggest that the structural and tectonic control of seismicity may have its origin in the complexity of the seismogenic source marked by the width of the cataclastic damage zone and by the slip of different fault planes during the same seismic event; the sharper and concentrated the slip as along faults, the higher the double-couple. This phenomenon may introduce bias in magnitude estimation, with possible impact on seismic forecasting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: double couple ; damage zone ; different fault type ; seismicity ; tectonics ; fault type ; seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr−1. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month−1 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr−1.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Arctic glaciers record wavier circumpolar winds (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Nature Publishing Group, 12(3), pp. 249-255
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Archean cratonic mantle recycled at a mid-ocean ridge (2022)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-13
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Liu, C.-Z., Dick, H. J. B., Mitchell, R. N., Wei, W., Zhang, Z.-Y., Hofmann, A. W., Yang, J.-F., & Li, Y. Archean cratonic mantle recycled at a mid-ocean ridge. Science Advances, 8(22), (2022): eabn6749, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn6749.
    Description: Basalts and mantle peridotites of mid-ocean ridges are thought to sample Earth’s upper mantle. Osmium isotopes of abyssal peridotites uniquely preserve melt extraction events throughout Earth history, but existing records only indicate ages up to ~2 billion years (Ga) ago. Thus, the memory of the suspected large volumes of mantle lithosphere that existed in Archean time (〉2.5 Ga) has apparently been lost somehow. We report abyssal peridotites with melt-depletion ages up to 2.8 Ga, documented by extremely unradiogenic 187Os/188Os ratios (to as low as 0.1095) and refractory major elements that compositionally resemble the deep keels of Archean cratons. These oceanic rocks were thus derived from the once-extensive Archean continental keels that have been dislodged and recycled back into the mantle, the feasibility of which we confirm with numerical modeling. This unexpected connection between young oceanic and ancient continental lithosphere indicates an underappreciated degree of compositional recycling over time.
    Description: This study was financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars 42025201 (to C.-Z.L.), the National Key Research and Development Project of China 2020YFA0714801 (to C.-Z.L.), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA13010106 (to C.-Z.L.), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDB42020301 (to C.-Z.L.), and NSF grants 2114652 and 1657983 (to H.J.B.D.).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
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    Multiple integrated metabolic strategies allow foraminiferan protists to thrive in anoxic marine sediments (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gomaa, F., Utter, D. R., Powers, C., Beaudoin, D. J., Edgcomb, V. P., Filipsson, H. L., Hansel, C. M., Wankel, S. D., Zhang, Y., & Bernhard, J. M. Multiple integrated metabolic strategies allow foraminiferan protists to thrive in anoxic marine sediments. Science Advances, 7(22), (2021): eabf1586, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf1586.
    Description: Oceanic deoxygenation is increasingly affecting marine ecosystems; many taxa will be severely challenged, yet certain nominally aerobic foraminifera (rhizarian protists) thrive in oxygen-depleted to anoxic, sometimes sulfidic, sediments uninhabitable to most eukaryotes. Gene expression analyses of foraminifera common to severely hypoxic or anoxic sediments identified metabolic strategies used by this abundant taxon. In field-collected and laboratory-incubated samples, foraminifera expressed denitrification genes regardless of oxygen regime with a putative nitric oxide dismutase, a characteristic enzyme of oxygenic denitrification. A pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase was highly expressed, indicating the capability for anaerobic energy generation during exposure to hypoxia and anoxia. Near-complete expression of a diatom’s plastid genome in one foraminiferal species suggests kleptoplasty or sequestration of functional plastids, conferring a metabolic advantage despite the host living far below the euphotic zone. Through a unique integration of functions largely unrecognized among “typical” eukaryotes, benthic foraminifera represent winning microeukaryotes in the face of ongoing oceanic deoxygenation.
    Description: his project was funded by the U.S. NSF IOS 1557430 and 1557566. H.L.F. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council VR (grant number 2017-04190).
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  • 8
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    Postmelting hydrogen enrichment in the oceanic lithosphere (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Le Roux, V., Urann, B. M., Brunelli, D., Bonatti, E., Cipriani, A., Demouchy, S., & Monteleone, B. D. Postmelting hydrogen enrichment in the oceanic lithosphere. Science Advances, 7(24), (2021): eabf6071, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf6071.
    Description: The large range of H2O contents recorded in minerals from exhumed mantle rocks has been challenging to interpret, as it often records a combination of melting, metasomatism, and diffusional processes in spatially isolated samples. Here, we determine the temporal variations of H2O contents in pyroxenes from a 24-Ma time series of abyssal peridotites exposed along the Vema fracture zone (Atlantic Ocean). The H2O contents of pyroxenes correlate with both crustal ages and pyroxene chemistry and increase toward younger and more refractory peridotites. These variations are inconsistent with residual values after melting and opposite to trends often observed in mantle xenoliths. Postmelting hydrogen enrichment occurred by ionic diffusion during cryptic metasomatism of peridotite residues by low-degree, volatile-rich melts and was particularly effective in the most depleted peridotites. The presence of hydrous melts under ridges leads to widespread hydrogen incorporation in the oceanic lithosphere, likely lowering mantle viscosity compared to dry models.
    Description: Funding for this study was supported by NSF EAR-P&G 1524311 and 1839128 to V.L.R. and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Innovative Research to V.L.R. A.C. and D.B. were funded by the Italian Programma di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale PRIN 20178LPCPW and PRIN2017KY5ZX8, respectively. Revisions were performed within the duration of a “Visiting Scholar at SCIENCE 2020” award to V.L.R. (University of Copenhagen, Denmark), with support from the Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section for Geology.
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  • 9
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    Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: a test for future predictions (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Clemens, S. C., Yamamoto, M., Thirumalai, K., Giosan, L., Richey, J. N., Nilsson-Kerr, K., Rosenthal, Y., Anand, P., & McGrath, S. M. Remote and local drivers of Pleistocene South Asian summer monsoon precipitation: a test for future predictions. Science Advances, 7(23), (2021): eabg3848, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg3848.
    Description: South Asian precipitation amount and extreme variability are predicted to increase due to thermodynamic effects of increased 21st-century greenhouse gases, accompanied by an increased supply of moisture from the southern hemisphere Indian Ocean. We reconstructed South Asian summer monsoon precipitation and runoff into the Bay of Bengal to assess the extent to which these factors also operated in the Pleistocene, a time of large-scale natural changes in carbon dioxide and ice volume. South Asian precipitation and runoff are strongly coherent with, and lag, atmospheric carbon dioxide changes at Earth’s orbital eccentricity, obliquity, and precession bands and are closely tied to cross-equatorial wind strength at the precession band. We find that the projected monsoon response to ongoing, rapid high-latitude ice melt and rising carbon dioxide levels is fully consistent with dynamics of the past 0.9 million years.
    Description: S.C.C. and S.M.M. were supported by U.S. NSF OCE1634774. M.Y. was funded by JSPS grants JPMXS05R2900001 and 19H05595 and JAMSTEC Exp. 353 postcruise study. K.N.-K. and P.A. were supported by UK-IODP, Open University, and NERC (NE/L002493/1), K.T. was supported by the Technology and Research Initiative Fund, Arizona Board of Regents.
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  • 10
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    Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seltzer, A. M., Bekaert, D. V., Barry, P. H., Durkin, K. E., Mace, E. K., Aalseth, C. E., Zappala, J. C., Mueller, P., Jurgens, B., & Kulongoski, J. T. Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate. Science Advances, 7(17), (2021): eabf3503, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3503.
    Description: Groundwater is an important source of drinking and irrigation water. Dating groundwater informs its vulnerability to contamination and aids in calibrating flow models. Here, we report measurements of multiple age tracers (14C, 3H, 39Ar, and 85Kr) and parameters relevant to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from 17 wells in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV), an agricultural region that is heavily reliant on groundwater. We find evidence for a major mid-20th century shift in groundwater DIC input from mostly closed- to mostly open-system carbonate dissolution, which we suggest is driven by input of anthropogenic carbonate soil amendments. Crucially, enhanced open-system dissolution, in which DIC equilibrates with soil CO2, fundamentally affects the initial 14C activity of recently recharged groundwater. Conventional 14C dating of deeper SJV groundwater, assuming an open system, substantially overestimates residence time and thereby underestimates susceptibility to modern contamination. Because carbonate soil amendments are ubiquitous, other groundwater-reliant agricultural regions may be similarly affected.
    Description: his work was conducted as a part of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) Enhanced Trends Project (https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studies/gwtrends/). Measurements at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by Department of Energy, Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Measurements at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory were part of the Ultra-Sensitive Nuclear Measurements Initiative conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was also partially supported by NSF award OCE-1923915 (to A.M.S. and P.H.B. at WHOI).
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  • 11
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    Serpentinite-derived slab fluids control the oxidation state of the subarc mantle (2022)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zhang, Y., Gazel, E., Gaetani, G. A., & Klein, F. Serpentinite-derived slab fluids control the oxidation state of the subarc mantle. Science Advances, 7(48), (2021): eabj2515, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj2515.
    Description: Recent geochemical evidence confirms the oxidized nature of arc magmas, but the underlying processes that regulate the redox state of the subarc mantle remain yet to be determined. We established a link between deep subduction-related fluids derived from dehydration of serpentinite ± altered oceanic crust (AOC) using B isotopes and B/Nb as fluid proxies, and the oxidized nature of arc magmas as indicated by Cu enrichment during magma evolution and V/Yb. Our results suggest that arc magmas derived from source regions influenced by a greater serpentinite (±AOC) fluid component record higher oxygen fugacity. The incorporation of this component into the subarc mantle is controlled by the subduction system’s thermodynamic conditions and geometry. Our results suggest that the redox state of the subarc mantle is not homogeneous globally: Primitive arc magmas associated with flat, warm subduction are less oxidized overall than those generated in steep, cold subduction zones.
    Description: Y.Z. acknowledges funding from the National Science Foundation of China (91958213), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB42020402), and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (ZR2020QD068). This study was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation NSF EAR 1826673 to E.G. and G.A.G. and OCE 1756349 to E.G.
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  • 12
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    Multiple carbon incorporation strategies support microbial survival in cold subseafloor crustal fluids (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Trembath-Reichert, E., Shah Walter, S. R., Ortiz, M. A. F., Carter, P. D., Girguis, P. R., & Huber, J. A. Multiple carbon incorporation strategies support microbial survival in cold subseafloor crustal fluids. Science Advances, 7(18), (2021): eabg0153, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg0153.
    Description: Biogeochemical processes occurring in fluids that permeate oceanic crust make measurable contributions to the marine carbon cycle, but quantitative assessments of microbial impacts on this vast, subsurface carbon pool are lacking. We provide bulk and single-cell estimates of microbial biomass production from carbon and nitrogen substrates in cool, oxic basement fluids from the western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The wide range in carbon and nitrogen incorporation rates indicates a microbial community well poised for dynamic conditions, potentially anabolizing carbon and nitrogen at rates ranging from those observed in subsurface sediments to those found in on-axis hydrothermal vent environments. Bicarbonate incorporation rates were highest where fluids are most isolated from recharging bottom seawater, suggesting that anabolism of inorganic carbon may be a potential strategy for supplementing the ancient and recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon that is prevalent in the globally distributed subseafloor crustal environment.
    Description: The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation sponsored most of the observatory components at North Pond through grant GBMF1609. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through grants NSF OCE-1745589, OCE-1635208, and OCE-1062006 to J.A.H. and NSF OCE-1635365 to P.R.G. and S.R.S.W.; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship with the NASA Astrobiology Institute to E.T.-R.; L’Oréal USA For Women in Science Fellowship to E.T.-R.; and Woods Hole Partnership Education Program, sponsored by the Woods Hole Diversity Initiative to M.A.F.O. The Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI OCE-0939564) also supported the participation of J.A.H. and P.D.C. This is C-DEBI contribution number 564.
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  • 13
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    Reconciling evidence of oxidative weathering and atmospheric anoxia on Archean Earth (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Johnson, A. C., Ostrander, C. M., Romaniello, S. J., Reinhard, C. T., Greaney, A. T., Lyons, T. W., & Anbar, A. D. Reconciling evidence of oxidative weathering and atmospheric anoxia on Archean Earth. Science Advances, 7(40), (2021): eabj0108, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj0108.
    Description: Evidence continues to emerge for the production and low-level accumulation of molecular oxygen (O2) at Earth’s surface before the Great Oxidation Event. Quantifying this early O2 has proven difficult. Here, we use the distribution and isotopic composition of molybdenum in the ancient sedimentary record to quantify Archean Mo cycling, which allows us to calculate lower limits for atmospheric O2 partial pressures (PO2) and O2 production fluxes during the Archean. We consider two end-member scenarios. First, if O2 was evenly distributed throughout the atmosphere, then PO2 〉 10–6.9 present atmospheric level was required for large periods of time during the Archean eon. Alternatively, if O2 accumulation was instead spatially restricted (e.g., occurring only near the sites of O2 production), then O2 production fluxes 〉0.01 Tmol O2/year were required. Archean O2 levels were vanishingly low according to our calculations but substantially above those predicted for an abiotic Earth system.
    Description: We would like to thank our funding sources, including FESD “Dynamics of Earth System Oxygenation” (NSF EAR 1338810 to A.D.A.), NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship awarded to A.C.J. (80NSSC17K0498), NSF EAR PF to A.C.J. (1952809), and WHOI Postdoctoral Fellowship to C.M.O. C.T.R. acknowledges support from the NASA Astrobiology Institute. We also acknowledge support from the Metal Utilization and Selection across Eons (MUSE) Interdisciplinary Consortium for Astrobiology Research, sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate (19-ICAR19_2-0007).
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  • 14
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    Fossil records of early solar irradiation and cosmolocation of the CAI factory: a reappraisal (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bekaert, D. V., Auro, M., Shollenberger, Q. R., Liu, M.-C., Marschall, H., Burton, K. W., Jacobsen, B., Brennecka, G. A., McPherson, G. J., von Mutius, R., Sarafian, A., & Nielsen, S. G. Fossil records of early solar irradiation and cosmolocation of the CAI factory: a reappraisal. Science Advances, 7(40), (2021): eabg8329, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg8329.
    Description: Calcium-aluminum–rich inclusions (CAIs) in meteorites carry crucial information about the environmental conditions of the nascent Solar System prior to planet formation. Based on models of 50V–10Be co-production by in-situ irradiation, CAIs are considered to have formed within ~0.1 AU from the proto-Sun. Here, we present vanadium (V) and strontium (Sr) isotopic co-variations in fine- and coarse-grained CAIs and demonstrate that kinetic isotope effects during partial condensation and evaporation best explain V isotope anomalies previously attributed to solar particle irradiation. We also report initial excesses of 10Be and argue that CV CAIs possess essentially a homogeneous level of 10Be, inherited during their formation. Based on numerical modeling of 50V–10Be co-production by irradiation, we show that CAI formation during protoplanetary disk build-up likely occurred at greater heliocentric distances than previously considered, up to planet-forming regions (~1AU), where solar particle fluxes were sufficiently low to avoid substantial in-situ irradiation of CAIs.
    Description: This study was funded by NASA Emerging Worlds grant NNX16AD36G to S.G.N. and prepared by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with release number LLNL-JRNL-819045. M.C.L acknowledges the support by the NASA grant 80NSSC20K0759. The UCLA ion microprobe facility is partially supported by a grant from the NSF Instrumentation and Facilities program.
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  • 15
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    A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    In:  EPIC3Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 371(6531), pp. 811-818
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-01
    Description: Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth's magnetic poles, but the global impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited investigation of the potential effects of the last major magnetic inversion, known as the Laschamps Excursion 41 to 42 thousand years ago (ka). We use ancient New Zealand kauri trees (Agathis australis) to develop a detailed record of atmospheric radiocarbon levels across the Laschamps Excursion. We precisely characterize the geomagnetic reversal and perform global chemistry-climate modeling and detailed radiocarbon dating of paleoenvironmental records to investigate impacts. We find that geomagnetic field minima ~42 ka, in combination with Grand Solar Minima, caused substantial changes in atmospheric ozone concentration and circulation, driving synchronous global climate shifts that caused major environmental changes, extinction events, and transformations in the archaeological record.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 16
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    Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 12(1), pp. 1-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-15
    Description: Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Sunlight-driven dissolution is a major fate of oil at sea (2022)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-09
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Freeman, D. H., & Ward, C. P. Sunlight-driven dissolution is a major fate of oil at sea. Science Advances, 8(7), (2022): eabl7605, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl7605.
    Description: Oxygenation reactions initiated by sunlight can transform insoluble components of crude oil at sea into water-soluble products, a process called photo-dissolution. First reported a half century ago, photo-dissolution has never been included in spill models because key parameters required for rate modeling were unknown, including the wavelength and photon dose dependence. Here, we experimentally quantified photo-dissolution as a function of wavelength and photon dose, making possible a sensitivity analysis of environmental variables in hypothetical spill scenarios and a mass balance assessment for the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DwH) spill. The sensitivity analysis revealed that rates were most sensitive to oil slick thickness, season/latitude, and wavelength and less sensitive to photon dose. We estimate that 3 to 17% (best estimate 8%) of DwH surface oil was subject to photo-dissolution, comparable in magnitude to other widely recognized fate processes. Our findings invite a critical reevaluation of surface oil budgets for both DwH and future spills at sea.
    Description: This work was supported by the Fisheries and Oceans Canada Multi-Partner Research Initiative award to C.P.W. (project #1.06), the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to D.H.F. (award #174530), and NSF-OCE grant #1841092 to C.P.W.
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    Non-syntrophic methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation by an archaeal species (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 601(7892), pp. 257-262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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    Surface warming-induced global acceleration of upper ocean currents (2022)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Peng, Q., Xie, S.-P., Wang, D., Huang, R. X., Chen, G., Shu, Y., Shi, J.-R., & Liu, W. Surface warming-induced global acceleration of upper ocean currents. Science Advances, 8(16), (2022): eabj8394, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj8394.
    Description: How the ocean circulation changes in a warming climate is an important but poorly understood problem. Using a global ocean model, we decompose the problem into distinct responses to changes in sea surface temperature, salinity, and wind. Our results show that the surface warming effect, a robust feature of anthropogenic climate change, dominates and accelerates the upper ocean currents in 77% of the global ocean. Specifically, the increased vertical stratification intensifies the upper subtropical gyres and equatorial currents by shoaling these systems, while the differential warming between the Southern Ocean upwelling zone and the region to the north accelerates surface zonal currents in the Southern Ocean. In comparison, the wind stress and surface salinity changes affect regional current systems. Our study points a way forward for investigating ocean circulation change and evaluating the uncertainty.
    Description: Q.P. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42005035), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (202102020935), and the Independent Research Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (LTOZZ2102). D.W. is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92158204), and the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (311020004). S.-P.X. is supported by the National Science Foundation (AGS-1934392). Y.S. is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1401702). G.C. is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (41822602). The numerical simulation is supported by the High-Performance Computing Division and HPC managers of W. Zhou and D. Sui in the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology.
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Crystal aggregates record the pre-eruptive flow field in the volcanic conduit at Kilauea, Hawaii (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in DiBenedetto, M., Qin, Z., & Suckale, J. Crystal aggregates record the pre-eruptive flow field in the volcanic conduit at Kilauea, Hawaii. Science Advances, 6(49), (2020): eabd4850, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd4850.
    Description: Developing reliable, quantitative conduit models that capture the physical processes governing eruptions is hindered by our inability to observe conduit flow directly. The closest we get to direct evidence is testimony imprinted on individual crystals or bubbles in the conduit and preserved by quenching during the eruption. For example, small crystal aggregates in products of the 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki, Hawaii contain overgrown olivines separated by large, hydrodynamically unfavorable angles. The common occurrence of these aggregates calls for a flow mechanism that creates this crystal misorientation. Here, we show that the observed aggregates are the result of exposure to a steady wave field in the conduit through a customized, process-based model at the scale of individual crystals. We use this model to infer quantitative attributes of the flow at the time of aggregate formation; notably, the formation of misoriented aggregates is only reproduced in bidirectional, not unidirectional, conduit flow.
    Description: M.D. acknowledges support the Stanford Gerald J. Lieberman Fellowship and the Postdoctoral Scholarship from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
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    The role of northeast pacific meltwater events in deglacial climate change (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Praetorius, S. K., Condron, A., Mix, A. C., Walczak, M. H., McKay, J. L., & Du, J. The role of northeast pacific meltwater events in deglacial climate change. Science Advances, 6(9), (2020): eaay2915, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay2915.
    Description: Columbia River megafloods occurred repeatedly during the last deglaciation, but the impacts of this fresh water on Pacific hydrography are largely unknown. To reconstruct changes in ocean circulation during this period, we used a numerical model to simulate the flow trajectory of Columbia River megafloods and compiled records of sea surface temperature, paleo-salinity, and deep-water radiocarbon from marine sediment cores in the Northeast Pacific. The North Pacific sea surface cooled and freshened during the early deglacial (19.0-16.5 ka) and Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka) intervals, coincident with the appearance of subsurface water masses depleted in radiocarbon relative to the sea surface. We infer that Pacific meltwater fluxes contributed to net Northern Hemisphere cooling prior to North Atlantic Heinrich Events, and again during the Younger Dryas stadial. Abrupt warming in the Northeast Pacific similarly contributed to hemispheric warming during the Bølling and Holocene transitions. These findings underscore the importance of changes in North Pacific freshwater fluxes and circulation in deglacial climate events.
    Description: The research was partly supported by the NSF through grants ARC-257 1204045 and PLR-1417667. The numerical model simulations used resources from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
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    Small-molecule mimicry hunting strategy in the imperial cone snail, Conus imperialis (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Torres, J. P., Lin, Z., Watkins, M., Salcedo, P. F., Baskin, R. P., Elhabian, S., Safavi-Hemami, H., Taylor, D., Tun, J., Concepcion, G. P., Saguil, N., Yanagihara, A. A., Fang, Y., McArthur, J. R., Tae, H. S., Finol-Urdaneta, R. K., Özpolat, B. D., Olivera, B. M., & Schmidt, E. W. Small-molecule mimicry hunting strategy in the imperial cone snail, Conus imperialis. Science Advances, 7(11), (2021): eabf2704, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf2704.
    Description: Venomous animals hunt using bioactive peptides, but relatively little is known about venom small molecules and the resulting complex hunting behaviors. Here, we explored the specialized metabolites from the venom of the worm-hunting cone snail, Conus imperialis. Using the model polychaete worm Platynereis dumerilii, we demonstrate that C. imperialis venom contains small molecules that mimic natural polychaete mating pheromones, evoking the mating phenotype in worms. The specialized metabolites from different cone snails are species-specific and structurally diverse, suggesting that the cones may adopt many different prey-hunting strategies enabled by small molecules. Predators sometimes attract prey using the prey’s own pheromones, in a strategy known as aggressive mimicry. Instead, C. imperialis uses metabolically stable mimics of those pheromones, indicating that, in biological mimicry, even the molecules themselves may be disguised, providing a twist on fake news in chemical ecology.
    Description: Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH R35GM12252, with contributions to biological work from NIH Fogarty International Center U19TW008163, NIH P01GM48677, and DOD CDMRP W81XWH-17-1-0413. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
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    Thermal stress reduces pocilloporid coral resilience to ocean acidification by impairing control over calcifying fluid chemistry (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Guillermic, M., Cameron, L. P., De Corte, I., Misra, S., Bijma, J., de Beer, D., Reymond, C. E., Westphal, H., Ries, J. B., & Eagle, R. A. Thermal stress reduces pocilloporid coral resilience to ocean acidification by impairing control over calcifying fluid chemistry. Science Advances, 7(2), (2021): eaba9958, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba9958.
    Description: The combination of thermal stress and ocean acidification (OA) can more negatively affect coral calcification than an individual stressors, but the mechanism behind this interaction is unknown. We used two independent methods (microelectrode and boron geochemistry) to measure calcifying fluid pH (pHcf) and carbonate chemistry of the corals Pocillopora damicornis and Stylophora pistillata grown under various temperature and pCO2 conditions. Although these approaches demonstrate that they record pHcf over different time scales, they reveal that both species can cope with OA under optimal temperatures (28°C) by elevating pHcf and aragonite saturation state (Ωcf) in support of calcification. At 31°C, neither species elevated these parameters as they did at 28°C and, likewise, could not maintain substantially positive calcification rates under any pH treatment. These results reveal a previously uncharacterized influence of temperature on coral pHcf regulation—the apparent mechanism behind the negative interaction between thermal stress and OA on coral calcification.
    Description: R.A.E. and J.B.R. acknowledge support from National Science Foundation grants OCE-1437166 and OCE-1437371. The work was also supported by the “Laboratoire d’Excellence” LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19), cofunded by a grant from the French government under the program “Investissements d’Avenir,” and an IAGC student grant 2017. R.A.E. acknowledges financial and logistical support from the Pritzker Endowment to UCLA IoES, and J.B.R. acknowledges support from the ZMT and the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Fellowship Program and the NSF OCE award #1437371.
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    The United States' contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Law, K. L., Starr, N., Siegler, T. R., Jambeck, J. R., Mallos, N. J., & Leonard, G. H. The United States' contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean. Science Advances, 6(44), (2020): eabd0288, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd0288.
    Description: Plastic waste affects environmental quality and ecosystem health. In 2010, an estimated 5 to 13 million metric tons (Mt) of plastic waste entered the ocean from both developing countries with insufficient solid waste infrastructure and high-income countries with very high waste generation. We demonstrate that, in 2016, the United States generated the largest amount of plastic waste of any country in the world (42.0 Mt). Between 0.14 and 0.41 Mt of this waste was illegally dumped in the United States, and 0.15 to 0.99 Mt was inadequately managed in countries that imported materials collected in the United States for recycling. Accounting for these contributions, the amount of plastic waste generated in the United States estimated to enter the coastal environment in 2016 was up to five times larger than that estimated for 2010, rendering the United States’ contribution among the highest in the world.
    Description: This work was funded by Ocean Conservancy through support from the Arthur Vining Davis Foundations.
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    Offshore pelagic subsidies dominate carbon inputs to coral reef predators (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Skinner, C., Mill, A. C., Fox, M. D., Newman, S. P., Zhu, Y., Kuhl, A., & Polunin, N. V. C. Offshore pelagic subsidies dominate carbon inputs to coral reef predators. Science Advances, 7(8), (2021): eabf3792, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3792.
    Description: Coral reefs were traditionally perceived as productive hot spots in oligotrophic waters. While modern evidence indicates that many coral reef food webs are heavily subsidized by planktonic production, the pathways through which this occurs remain unresolved. We used the analytical power of carbon isotope analysis of essential amino acids to distinguish between alternative carbon pathways supporting four key reef predators across an oceanic atoll. This technique separates benthic versus planktonic inputs, further identifying two distinct planktonic pathways (nearshore reef-associated plankton and offshore pelagic plankton), and revealing that these reef predators are overwhelmingly sustained by offshore pelagic sources rather than by reef sources (including reef-associated plankton). Notably, pelagic reliance did not vary between species or reef habitats, emphasizing that allochthonous energetic subsidies may have system-wide importance. These results help explain how coral reefs maintain exceptional productivity in apparently nutrient-poor tropical settings, but also emphasize their susceptibility to future ocean productivity fluctuations.
    Description: Sample analysis funding was provided by NERC LSMSF grant BRIS/102/0717 and BRIS/125/1418. C.S. was supported by a Newcastle University SAgE DTA studentship and a cooperative agreement with Banyan Tree.
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    An early cretaceous subduction-modified mantle underneath the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean (2020)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Richter, M., Nebel, O., Maas, R., Mather, B., Nebel-Jacobsen, Y., Capitanio, F. A., Dick, H. J. B., & Cawood, P. A. An early cretaceous subduction-modified mantle underneath the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Science Advances, 6(44), (2020): eabb4340, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb4340.
    Description: Earth’s upper mantle, as sampled by mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) at oceanic spreading centers, has developed chemical and isotopic heterogeneity over billions of years through focused melt extraction and re-enrichment by recycled crustal components. Chemical and isotopic heterogeneity of MORB is dwarfed by the large compositional spectrum of lavas at convergent margins, identifying subduction zones as the major site for crustal recycling into and modification of the mantle. The fate of subduction-modified mantle and if this heterogeneity transmits into MORB chemistry remains elusive. Here, we investigate the origin of upper mantle chemical heterogeneity underneath the Western Gakkel Ridge region in the Arctic Ocean through MORB geochemistry and tectonic plate reconstruction. We find that seafloor lavas from the Western Gakkel Ridge region mirror geochemical signatures of an Early Cretaceous, paleo-subduction zone, and conclude that the upper mantle can preserve a long-lived, stationary geochemical memory of past geodynamic processes.
    Description: O.N. was supported by the Australian Research Council (grant FT140101062). P.A.C. was supported by the Australian Research Council (grant FL160100168). H.J.B.D. was supported by the NSF (grants PLR 9912162, PLR 0327591, OCE 0930487, and OCE 1434452). M.R. was supported by a graduate scholarship of Monash University and the SEAE.
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two forms of the T-cell receptor γ protein found on peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 689-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The T-cell receptor (TCR) γ polypeptide is expressed associated with CD3(T3) on the surface of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These cells function as non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and thus may play an important role in host immune defence. The TCR γ ...
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    Hercynian orogeny in the Pyrenees was not a rifting event (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 739-740 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Pyrenees were a segment of Hercynian crust that underwent rifting during the Mesozoic followed by compression during Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic time1'3. From a regional study of Hercynian metamorphism in a North Pyrenean massif it was recently proposed4 that 'the Hercynian orogeny in the ...
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  • 29
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    Electronic Resource
    How to get back from the dead (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 561-562 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE question whether the British university system will be able, like Lazarus, to rise from the dead will not be settled by the announcement last week that academic salaries are at last to be increased (see p. 567) or by the recommendations of the government committee under Lord Croham which, for ...
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canada demands action from United States on acid rain (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 565-565 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE Canadian government's quarrel with Washington over acid rain has moved into a new and more acrimonious phase, with the Canadians demanding immediate action. At a meeting on 21 January, the Canadian Prime Minister, Brian Mulrony, gave US vice-president George Bush what is ...
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    Electronic Resource
    Atomic power struggle under way in India (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 565-565 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi THE appointment of a successor to Dr Raja Ramanna, retiring chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), has been postponed at the last minute in the wake of threats of resignation and an internal power struggle between top scientists at the Department of Atomic Energy ...
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    Electronic Resource
    Japanese X-ray satellite goes up successfully (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 567-567 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo JAPAN'S X-ray astronomy satellite, Astro-C, was successfully launched from the Kagoshima Space Center of the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) on 5 February. Developed jointly by Japanese, British and US scientists, the probe will monitor faint X-ray sources in the far ...
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    International spaceports planned for northern Australia (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 568-568 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sydney AUSTRALIA is to be the site for an international spaceport, if the governments in the top end of the continent have their way. A A$93,000 study commissioned by the Queensland state government is to recommend that at least 2,000 km2 be set aside for a spaceport on the Cape York ...
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    Soviet drilling project snag (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 569-569 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A US DELEGATION poised to travel to Moscow last weekend to sign a memorandum of understanding making the Soviet Union an official member of the Ocean Drilling Program was ordered not to leave just one day before the scheduled trip. The Defense Department postponed the signing by raising concern ...
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    Rem overdose (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 570-570 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The communication by R. Russell-Jones on "Cancer risk assessments in light of Chernobyl" (Nature 323, 585; 1986) continues the vapid calculations made following the disaster. It also is technically incorrect as well as misleading. Presumably the 400,000 rem (4,000 Sv) quoted are the product of ...
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    Reading radioactive rock clocks (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 573-574 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RADIOACTIVE clocks are continuously ticking. In magma source regions, in magma chambers, in minerals crystallized from magmas and after eruption in frozen volcanic effusives, they continue to record time. These clocks are the nuclides of the naturally occurring uranium and thorium radioactive decay ...
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    New patterns in atomic spectra (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 577-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] CAN there still be anything new in the problem of a hydrogen atom in a uniform magnetic field? Most physicists are likely to say no and be surprised that this seemingly simple problem is not yet fully understood and that unexpected and qualitatively new phenomena continue to emerge. Recent ...
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    AIDS virus and scrapie protein genes (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 581-581 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Haseltine and Patarca1 have suggested regions of sequence similarity between the 3'-end of the polymerase gene of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, type HTLV-III)2 and the hamster gene for PrP 27-30, a protein associated with scrapie infectivity34, but Braun and Gonda have since shown that the ...
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    Interferon-β 2 living up to its name (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 581-582 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The B-cell differentiation factor BSF-2 (or BCDF), whose complementary DNA was recently cloned from T cells by Hirano et ai', turned out to be identical to interferon-p2 (IFN-p2, 26K), which we had cloned from human fibroblasts by means of its interferon activity2 4. Billiau5, in pointing out ...
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    Is seeing believing? (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 583-584 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IF, IN good illumination (and wearing my glasses!) my eyes alight upon a common object, I have no difficulty in recognizing that there is, for example, a chair some two metres in front of me. This is the exercise of an everyday and seemingly trivial capacity, but one which has long frustrated our ...
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    Seasonal temperatures in Britain during the past 22,000 years, reconstructed using beetle remains (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 587-592 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seasonal and mean annual temperatures can be reconstructed from radiocarbon-dated beetle remains to yield a synthesis of the palaeoclimatic history of Britain over the last 22,000 years. The reconstructions agree well with independent evidence from periglacial features and provide a detailed ...
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    Upper mantle origin for Harding County well gases (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 605-607 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the past 25 years, CO2 well gases in general1 and CO2-rich well gases from Harding County, New Mexico, in particular, have been extensively investigated for noble gases by several authors. In 1963, Butler et al.2 first found a small, but significant 129Xe excess (~2%) and fissiogenic Xe excesses ...
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    A glucagon fragment is responsible for the inhibition of the liver Ca 2+ pump by glucagon (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 620-622 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was studied in liver plasma membrane vesicles prepared according to Prpic et al7. Addition of glucagon( 19-29) (0-50 nM) to the assay medium resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake (Fig. 1). A maximal inhibition of 40-60% was attained ...
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    A novel c-abl protein product in Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 631-635 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In 1960, Nowell and Hungerford discovered a shortened chromosome 22, designated the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML)1. This chromosomal aberration, which is now considered the cytogenetic hallmark of the disease, results from a reciprocal translocation between ...
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    A novel abl protein expressed in Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 635-637 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We obtained four cases of Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukaemia leukaemia (ALL) for our study (F.B., F.Y., P.N. and A.E.). The Ph chromosome was observed by cytogenetic analysis in each case. Immunophenotyping of the blast cells revealed a common ALL phenotype8 in three patients (F.B., F.Y., P.N.) and ...
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    Changing British sports (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 470-470 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IT is a long time since the British shared the belief that others have of them, that their favourite sports are fox-hunting, horse-racing, cricket and rowing, in that order. (To judge by times allocated in broadcasting schedules, the most popular game is now snooker, played with a number of ...
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    Johns Hopkins atop spending table (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 472-472 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE table below shows the top ten US universities ranked by federal research funds received in fiscal year 1985, based on data in a recent report from the National Science Foundation. Johns Hopkins owes its ranking to the $299 million a year that went to its Applied Physics ...
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    West German commission reports on genetic engineering (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 474-474 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hamburg WiDE-ranging recommendations on the applications of genetic engineering are contained in a report of a West German parliamentary commission. Although generally approving the use and exploitation of genetic manipulation, the commission calls for a ban on experiments on fertilized human ...
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    Cameroon lake gas disaster a lesson for the future (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 475-475 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington A CLOUD of 1.0 km3 of carbon dioxide gas released from Lake Nyos in Cameroon last August caused the deaths by asphyxiation of at least 1,700 people, according to a report prepared by a US scientific team that investigated the natural disaster. The US report agrees substantially with ...
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    India's ballistic missile base is torpedoed by local objectors (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 477-477 
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    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi INDIA'S plan to establish a thousand million dollar missile base at Baliapal on the eastern coast of Orissa state has run into trouble because some 41,000 residents have refused to be evicted. They have virtually sealed all entry points with road blocks and sign boards. No civilian ...
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    Primitive myth (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 478-478 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-It is a myth that preindustrial civilizations lived in harmony with nature, Jared Diamond writes in News and Views1. His argument is unassailable. But by dwelling exclusively on instances of bad natural resource management, he runs the risk of perpetrating a countermyth that sound environmental ...
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    Conodonts classified at last (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 482-483 
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    Notes: [Auszug] CONODONTS, small tooth-like fossils found in Palaeozoic (570-245 million-year-old) rocks, were until recently a mystery. Many supposed conodont animals have been reported, but it was not until 1983 that an acceptable specimen was described1. New findings2 improve our knowledge of this conodont ...
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    Benjamin Levich (1917-1987) (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 485-485 
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    Notes: [Auszug] BENJAMIN Levich, the most highly placed 'refusnik' scientist to be allowed to emigrate from the Soviet Union, died on 19 January. Levich was known internationally for his work in physicochemical hydrodynamics, which he was the first to establish as a separate scientific discipline. His research ...
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    Sequence similarity (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 487-487 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Several recent articles have described members of a rapidly growing family of proteins, each of which contain a similar domain of roughly 200 amino acids that is likely to be involved in nucleotide binding. The majority are bacterial proteins known to be ATP-binding components of periplasmic ...
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    Body temperature and the thermodynamics of water (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 489-489 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-I would like to challenge several of J. Paul's ideas in his proposal1 that the body temperature of homoiotherms is close to 36°C because the specific heat of water is near a minimum at this temperature. First, not all homoiotherms have body temperatures near the 36°C of eutherian ...
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    Rules, regularities and reasoning (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 492-493 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FROM Hume to Nelson Goodman, philosophers have been baffled by the problem of justifying induction. Professors Holland, Holyoak, Nisbett and Thagard neatly sidestep the issue by taking the pragmatic line that if it works it works. The reason we do not use the concept grue (green until time t and ...
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    Advice in analysis (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 494-494 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is ten years since the publication of the articles that described the rapid and simple methods used to determine sequences of DNA. So efficient are these techniques that it has been necessary to create international data libraries to record the results. These collections have grown so that the ...
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    Marginal gravitational lenses of large separation: probing superclusters (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 507-509 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Clusters may be bright X-ray sources6, may cause inhomogeneity in the microwave background7, and are often elongated8'9. For a lens that is elongated in projection, the minimal surface mass density necessary for splitting images is smaller1'4 by a factor ~2 than for round lenses3'10. I shall ...
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    Marsupial from the earliest Late Cretaceous of Western US (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 520-522 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Order Marsupialia Illiger, 1811 ?family Stagodontidae Marsh, 1889 Pariadens new genus Type and only species: Pariadens kirklandi, new Diagnosis: Similar to Stagodontidae in having lower molar paraconid as large or larger than metaconid, but lacking the extreme enlargement of ...
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    Multiple-conductance channels activated by excitatory amino acids in cerebellar neurons (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 525-528 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Single-channel currents in two outside-out membrane patches (a) activated by 10 u.M aspartate (Vm = -100mV), and (b), activated by lOpiM quisqualate (Vm = -70mV). The single-channel currents are composed of four discrete levels indicated by dotted lines. The slope conductances for aspartate ...
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    Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 529-531 
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    Notes: [Auszug] This investigation began with the observation that in cultured neurons the magnitude of the whole cell current produced by NMDA appeared to depend on the speed of perfusion of NMDA-containing solutions: slower movement of the perfusion solution resulted in a larger response (L. Nowak and P.A., ...
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    Transforming potential of the c-fms proto-oncogene (CSF-1 receptor) (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 549-552 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Retroviral vectors were constructed that contained either human c-fms cDNA or chimaeric genes formed between the feline v-fms and human c-fms genes (Fig. 1). A Bglll site shared by the 3' region of both genes was used to replace the 38 C-terminal amino acids of the v-fms gene product with the ...
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    Straight from Miami (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 556-559 
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    Notes: [Auszug] PHARMACIA has just introduced two new separation columns, and will be providing information on them in booths 1 and 2. The NICK columns are pre-packed with Sephadex DNA Grade, and are specially designed for the separation of nick-translated DNA from unincorporated radiolabelled nucleotides, ...
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    Forensic biotechnology (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 557-557 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BioTechnica Ltd, the Cardiff-based biotechnology company, has thought up a unique way to harness the information storage capability of DNA. It has developed a labelling system, using DNA fragments, to protect companies against illicit marketing and counterfeiting of their products (Reader Service ...
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    Sizewell inquiry leaves questions unanswered (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 378-378 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London DESPITE having placed much confidence in the assurances of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB) and the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (Nil) on the safety aspects of the pressurized water reactor (PWR), the Layfield Inquiry was scathing in its criticisms of the poor ...
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    Layfield gives approval to Sizewell B (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 377-377 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London BRITAIN'S proposed £1,300 million pressurized water reactor (PWR) to be based at Sizewell in Suffolk and planned to be the forerunner of five similar complexes thoughout the United Kingdom, has been recommended in the report See page 378 for more on Sizewell. The 'Summary of ...
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    Woman's AIDS death in Japan produces shock waves (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 382-382 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo THE first Japanese woman to be officially recognized as a victim of AIDS (acquired immune defiency syndrome), died last week, awakening Japan to the fact that the disease is not confined to homosexuals and haemophiliacs. According to the Health and Welfare Ministry, the number of ...
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    Castles in the Saharan air (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 384-384 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Many measurements have shown that the ozone layer in the troposphere is unstable, that carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, oxides of nitrogen, halocarbons and other trace gases and dust are increasing in the atmosphere, and that sea surface temperatures are warming, glaciers are receding ...
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    Classification (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 384-384 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-L.M. van Valen (Nature 323, 664: 1986) is wrong in suggesting that provision of a helpful taxonomic service is incompatible with doing interesting research. Studies by taxonomists or others on the evolution of molecular biology of their organisms need not be used to evoke the nuisance of ...
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    Are mathematicians logical? (1987)
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    Nature 325 (1987), S. 386-387 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN A recent News and Views article (Nature 324, 406-407; 1986) I argued the case for rigorous proof in mathematics. But it would give a very one-sided picture of mathematics to lay emphasis on a technical necessity - proof - while ignoring the essence of the subject - ideas. So how do ...
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    Another cyclic-nucleotide-gated conductance (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 389-389 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] UNDERSTANDING olfactory transduction has been a sticky problem. As recently reviewed in News and Views ', modern molecular and electrophysiological techniques are beginning to reveal details of the mechanism. On page 442 of this issue2, Nakamura and Gold report that isolated membrane patches pulled ...
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    Soft-hearted saurians in museum stores (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 393-393 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The old adage, that many fossil discoveries are made in the museum basement, is confirmed by a recent study of ichthyosaurs, extinct marine reptiles like dolphins in form and habits, which highlights the often forgotten scientific importance of fossils in provincial museums1. Leicestershire Museums ...
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    Mendel was no fraud (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 395-395 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-As a result of a paper by Fisher1, and early discussion of the topic, the view has become widespread (for example, ref. 2) among those who have not bothered to read the biological literature, that Mendel falsified some of his data. Several analyses3"6 do not confirm this view, and results like ...
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    Electronic structure of the benzene molecule (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 396-396 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-It is gratifying to me that a recent spin-coupled valence-bond treatment of the benzene molecule by Cooper, et al.1 should have led the authors to conclude that the Kekule description of the molecule, as expressed in the classical VB form, is much closer to reality than a description in terms ...
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    London learning (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 399-399 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] HUNDREDTH birthdays often warrant a letter from the Queen. The sesquicenten-nial of the University of London gets instead some kind words from Princess Anne, its Chancellor since 1981, to preface Negley Harte's splendid illustrated history of the institution. The 366 pictures and their informative ...
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    Three-dimensional structure of the Earth from splitting in free-oscillation spectra (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 405-411 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Observations of splitting in free oscillations spectra can be used to constrain the three-dimensional distribution of heterogeneity in the Earth. Modes sampling mainly the Earth's mantle are compatible with the distributions of mantle heterogeneity inferred from P-wave travel times. The anomalously ...
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    Geometry, conditions and timing of off-axis hydrothermal metamorphism and ore-deposition in the Solea graben (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 423-425 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Solea graben is the oldest and best-exposed of three asymmetric structural grabens identified along the northern margin of the Troodos ophiolite1. Originally steep dykes and normal faults dip toward the graben axes, whereas originally horizontal lavas dip away. The eastern margin of the Solea ...
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    Efficiency characteristics of crescent-shaped wings and caudal fins (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 435-437 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Many aquatic animals that swim fast for long distances have adopted the mode of propulsion Lighthill4 terms carangiform with lunate (crescent) tail. Forward thrust is generated exclusively by the caudal fin mounted on the slender tail section of the heavy body. Scombroid fishes (Fig. la) have the ...
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    The GTP-binding protein, G o 9 regulates neuronal calcium channels (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 445-447 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ICa was determined in differentiated N x G cells by the whole-cell clamp technique15, using Ba2+ as charge carrier. Outward currents were minimized by replacing K+ with Cs+. On step-depolarizations from -40 to OmV, /Ca had a density of 11.5± 2.4(xAcm~2 (mean±s.d.; n=46); the ...
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    Activation of sodium–proton exchange is a prerequisite for Ca 2+ mobilization in human platelets (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 456-458 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It has been demonstrated for a variety of cells and tissues that receptor occupancy leads to the rapid hydrolysis of phos-phatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Ptdlns 4,5 P2) with subsequent formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). Whereas InsP3 appears to be an ...
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    Observation of an unexplained event from a magnetic monopole detector (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 463-463 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN a recent article Caplin et a/.1 reported an event, event-160. They rejected many possible terrestrial causes for event-160 and offered the event as a candidate magnetic monopole sighting. Here I demonstrate that although the precise cause of event-160 remains unknown the experimental record of ...
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    Jeantet prizes awarded (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 287-287 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SYDNEY Brenner, who was made a Companion of Honour in the British New Year's Honours list, is now also £340,000 better off as a result of his share in the 1987 awards of the Louis Jeantet Foundation for Medicine. Of this sum, £40,000 is a personal award and the rest is to be used to ...
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    Moscow refusniks suffer over Nature letter to scientific union (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 289-289 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London A GROUP of Moscow refusniks who pubished a letter recently in Nature (324, 204; 1986) report reprisals from the KGB and Public Prosecutor's Office. The letter was addressed to Professor Jean-Marie Legay, president of the World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFSW), and two of the ...
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    Pressure for SDI deployment increases in United States (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 289-289 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), President Reagan's plan to erect a "peace shield" against ballistic missiles over the United States, could become a reality by the middle of the 1990s, although it is still in its research phase. Various reasons are given for this new impetus, ...
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    UK long-term public spending plans turn the clock back 20 years (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 291-291 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London THE British government intends further to reduce the amount of public spending, in proportion to national income, over the next three years and to demand greater value for money from its investments, including scientific research. Researchers on government projects will receive a modest ...
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    Hungarian investment needed in research and development (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 293-293 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London HUNGARY needs increased investment in research and development, according to the Central Committee of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. A position paper prepared by Dr Lenart Pal, formerly chief secretary of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and now a secretary of the Central ...
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    Civil servants (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 294-294 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-In clarification of your story about the Plant Gene Expression Center (Nature 324, 103; 1986), Peter Quail will be an employee of the University of California in Berkeley, but our other six newly named staff members will be federal civil servants. Because the centre is a cooperative venture ...
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    100 years ago (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 297-297 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A MOST interesting experiment is about to be tried in Birmingham. A Company has obtained Parliamentary powers to supply power from a central station by compressed air through pipes laid in the streets. No fairer field for such an experiment could be found than in Birmingham, which is marked out ...
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    An asymmetrical view of fitness (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 298-299 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] EVOLUTION is often described as the movement of populations through an adaptive landscape1: the mathematical nature of much of population genetics theory means that this is only too often a landscape with figures. The allegorical terrain is usually hilly, with most evolving populations at or near a ...
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    Gamma rays from galactic 26 A1 (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 302-303 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE main evidence that heavy atomic nuclei are still being fashioned by stars throughout our Galaxy was the observation of the 1.809-MeV gamma-ray line arising from the decay of 26A1, an isotope with a half-life of only a million years, by the High Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO-3)1 and Solar ...
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    Data in graphs and tables (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 305-305 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The ambiguities inherent in the presentation of data in graphs and tables in the ways discussed by Ferreira (Nature 324, 215-216; 1986) may be eliminated by applying the multiplier term to the physical quantity, not to the unit. Thus, to use the example given by Ferreira, the axis would be ...
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    Mystery object identified? (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 306-306 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Artefacts closely resembling the mystery object recently encountered by Wolstenholme et al. (Nature 323, 300; 1986) in a chromosome preparation are routinely fabricated in electronics laboratories by means of positive-resist electron-beam lithography. During the fabrication of certain ...
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    Policing the paper chase (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 309-309 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] LIKE it or not, the scientific editor's role has changed. Once concerned mostly with house style and peer review, and balancing the competing elements in his journal, he has now had other preoccupations thrust upon him: duplicate publication; piracy, plagiarism and forgery; and hidden commercial ...
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    The βγ subunits of GTP-binding proteins activate the muscarinic K + channel in heart (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 321-326 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Subunits ofguanine nucleotide regulatory proteins purified from bovine cerebral cortex were used to perfuse the intracellular surface of excised patches of chick embryonic atrial cells. Single-channel current measurements unexpectedly indicate that the βγ, and not the a subunits, are ...
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    Is the inner core of the Earth pure iron? (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 332-335 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The existence of an 1C of the Earth was first proposed just over 50 years ago by Lehmann1 to explain an apparent increase in the magnitude of the P-wave velocity deep in the core. Her interpretation was immediately confirmed by the travel-time studies of Jeffreys and Bullen2 and Gutenberg and ...
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    Bedform-generated convective transport in bottom sediment (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 341-343 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The flow of water over mobile, non-cohesive bed material such as silt, sand and gravel usually produces a series of sediment sandwaves4. These waveforms have been observed on the bottom of all aquatic environments where active water flow occurs over unconsolidated bed material. For this reason ...
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    Spontaneous recovery after experimental manipulation of the plane of beat in sperm flagella (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 351-352 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In our experimental arrangement the tip of the sperm head is held in the tip of a micropipette by gentle suction, with the planar flagellar beat4 lying approximately within the focal plane of the microscope. The micropipette is oscillated by a piezoelectric driver capable of vibrating along any ...
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    Peptides containing the cell-attachment recognition signal Arg-Gly-Asp prevent gastrulation in Drosophila embryos (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 348-350 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Early Drosophila embryogenesis is initiated by 13 rapid and synchronous nuclear cleavages which occur within a syncytium. At the end of the 13th cycle, cellular membranes begin to form at the periphery of the embryo; their completion defines the cellular blastoderm10. Soon after, gastrulation ...
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    Elevated levels of diacylglycerol and decreased phorbol ester sensitivity in ras -transformed fibroblasts (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 359-361 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The effects of transformation by ras on PI metabolism were investigated in NIH 3T3 cells recently transformed either by transfection with activated Ha-ras or by infection with Kirsten sarcoma virus, to avoid artefactual changes resulting from long-term cell-line divergence. Steady-state levels of ...
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    A protein on Plasmodium falcfparwm -infected erythrocytes functions as a transferrin receptor (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 374-374 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 324, 388-391 (1986). IN this letter Figs 1 and 2 were transposed. The legends arecorrect as ...
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