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  • Articles  (102,134)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (46,193)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (37,200)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (18,741)
  • 2020-2023  (5)
  • 1990-1994  (102,129)
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  • 1
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    Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr−1. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month−1 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr−1.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    Arctic glaciers record wavier circumpolar winds (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Nature Publishing Group, 12(3), pp. 249-255
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 12(1), pp. 1-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-15
    Description: Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Non-syntrophic methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation by an archaeal species (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 601(7892), pp. 257-262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    The impact of faulting complexity and type on earthquake rupture dynamics (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: The statistical properties of seismicity are known to be affected by several factors such as the rheological parameters of rocks. We analysed the earthquake double-couple as a function of the faulting type. Here we show that it impacts the moment tensors of earthquakes: thrust- faulting events are characterized by higher double-couple components with respect to strike- slip- and normal-faulting earthquakes. Our results are coherent with the stress dependence of the scaling exponent of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which is anticorrelated to the double- couple. We suggest that the structural and tectonic control of seismicity may have its origin in the complexity of the seismogenic source marked by the width of the cataclastic damage zone and by the slip of different fault planes during the same seismic event; the sharper and concentrated the slip as along faults, the higher the double-couple. This phenomenon may introduce bias in magnitude estimation, with possible impact on seismic forecasting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: double couple ; damage zone ; different fault type ; seismicity ; tectonics ; fault type ; seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-insulating properties and photoluminescence quenching in Cu-diffused InP (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4546-4550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The properties of high-resistivity InP with resistivity up to 107 Ω cm, obtained by thermal diffusion of Cu at 800 °C for over 20 h into undoped and p-type InP samples, are investigated. Hall-effect measurements showed that the compensation mechanism in the slowly cooled sample is different from that in the quickly cooled samples. Photoluminescence was quenched in the quickly cooled samples when annealed at 350 °C and the anneal temperature at which the sample resistivity and carrier mobility reached the maximum. It is shown that the electrical compensation in the slowly cooled sample could be understood by a simple deep-level compensation model. However, the semi-insulating behavior of the quickly cooled samples appears to be consistent with an internal Schottky depletion model associated with the Cu precipitates. The photoluminescence quenching is due to the Cu precipitates acting as effective nonradiative recombination centers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354372
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrite thin films: Improvements in their optical and electrical properties by annealing at different temperatures in a sulfur atmosphere (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4551-4556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Iron pyrite thin films prepared by flash evaporation of pyrite powder have been annealed at different temperatures in a sulfur atmosphere. We present some results on the influence of the annealing temperature (from 250 to 450 °C) on the optical and electrical properties of three groups of samples with different thicknesses ((approximately-equal-to)0.3, 0.6, and 1 μm, respectively). Sulfuration temperature has a clear influence on the optical absorption and electrical resistivity of the films, with some differences in their behavior depending on the film thickness. In light of the available present knowledge of pyrite thin films, interpretation of the obtained results is difficult, it suggests that the shape of the optical absorption curves (and their absorption edge) at low photon energies is determined by the density of point defects, which decreases on increasing the annealing temperature. On the other hand, the electrical resistivity seems to be influenced by both the film grain size and point defect density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354373
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of one- and two-dimensional three-moment fluid models for rf glow discharges (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 839-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-consistent nonequilibrium fluid models of both the two-dimension (2D) and one-dimension (1D) are presented. In the 2D simulations, the models evaluate the quantitative effects of both radial and axial flow dynamics inside a cylindrically symmetric parallel-plate geometry. The 1D model assumes that the radius of the electrode is much larger than the electrode gap and the moment distributions are uniform along the radial direction. The models are based on the first three moments of the Boltzmann equation and Poisson's equation. Radio frequency (rf) glow discharge simulations from those two fluid models are presented and compared in this study. The comparisons are presented in terms of plasma density, electric field, mean energy, and ionization rate. Results of the 1D fluid model are close to those at the center of the reactor from the 2D simulations. Nonuniform profiles along the radial direction are obtained from the 2D simulations due to the radial dynamics. Higher electron mean energy in the middle region of the radial sheath is observed. The maximum ionization rate is located in the radial sheath region and agrees with the experimental observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354875
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport model of charged particle behavior in the afterglow region of a microwave generated oxygen plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 825-831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper a model of charged particle behavior in a low-pressure oxygen plasma is developed, and compared with experimental results. Agreement is excellent. It is demonstrated that the extremely high temperature ((approximately-greater-than)1 eV) of electrons in these plasmas results in diffusion totally dominating the transport of charged species. It is also shown that charged particle recombination on the walls of a quartz reactor is insignificant. Finally, the influence of the electron temperature profile must be fully considered for accurate results. This work complements an earlier model of radical behavior in these plasmas. Both are needed to fully understand materials modification in these plasmas, which has been shown to involve a synergism between radicals and charged species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354873
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of negative ions in the formation of particles in low-pressure plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 853-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Large particles (tens of nm to tens of μm in diameter) are problematic in low-pressure (〈1 Torr) plasma processing (etching, deposition) discharges because they can contaminate the product and can perturb electron transport. Although the source of these particles has been studied by a number of groups, a definitive explanation is still lacking. In this paper, we theoretically investigate the role of negative ions in the formation of large clusters, the precursors to particles, in low-pressure plasmas. We find that the formation of particles requires a critically large cluster. Forming the critically large cluster requires longer residence times in the plasma than is usually possible if clustering involves only neutral particles. We propose that negatively charged intermediates, which are trapped in electropositive plasmas, increase the average residence time of clusters to allow the growth of critically large clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354877
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