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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-phase removal of nitric oxide from gas streams via dielectric barrier discharges (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 777-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00028a017
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cylindrical magnetron discharges. I. Current-voltage characteristics for dc- and rf-driven discharge sources (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3816-3824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct current magnetron discharge sources are often characterized by current-voltage characteristics of the form I∝V n where n is typically in the range from 4 to 10. Similar I-V characteristics are found for dc hollow cathode discharges where the cathode configuration effectively provides electrostatic confinement of the primary electrons. Therefore, by analogy, it has been suggested that the exponent n provides an index to the effectiveness of the magnetic electron confinement in a magnetron discharge. When magnetron discharge sources are driven at rf frequencies, the I-V characteristics typically yield n values in the range 1–3. We have examined the I-V characteristics of cylindrical-post magnetron discharge sources of various diameters driven dc and at rf frequencies of 1.8 and 13.56 MHz. The rf-driven discharges yielded n values which, in most cases, were less than 2.5. Electrostatic probe measurements of the interelectrode voltage distribution showed that the low n values, that is, poor confinement, could be explained by the effect of the magnetic field on the electron transport during that portion of the rf cycle when the post electrode is serving as the anode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343395
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Townsend coefficients for electron scattering over dielectric surfaces (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 4404-4409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method for describing the probability of initiating flashover discharges across dielectric surfaces is presented in which we define a transport coefficient for electron multiplication similar to the Townsend coefficient used for gas discharges. The coefficient is a function of the scaling parameter (charge released from the cathode)/(cathode-anode separation) and is also a measure of the growth of the sheath on the dielectric surface resulting from electron scattering. We discuss results for when the source of seed electrons does not necessarily depend upon field emission at the cathode-vacuum-dielectric triple point. This may occur when the surface is illuminated by UV radiation. For these conditions, there is a different functional dependence of flashover probability on voltage and geometry (e.g., thickness of the insulator) than when field emission provides the seed electrons. As a result, criteria previously used to predict flashover discharges may not apply.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341262
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy-ion versus electron-beam excitation of an excimer laser (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 3799-3810 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model is described for the heavy-ion pumping of an XeF(B) laser by uranium fission fragments (FF).The model is a self-consistent accounting of the generation and transport of the FF's through the fission foils, slowing of the fragments in the gas, evolution of the secondary-electron-source function and distribution, and the XeF laser plasma kinetics. By simulating the same quantities for an e-beam-pumped plasma, direct comparisons can be made for laser performance. We found that the secondary-electron source generated by the e-beam is more energetic than that for direct ionization by FF's due to a more favorable mass ratio for momentum transfer collisions with orbital electrons. This difference in the electron-source functions significantly affects W values and excitation fractions. The impact on laser performance, though, is not large due to the high efficiency of channeling deposited energy to the upper laser level in XeF lasers. For conditions typical of FF excitation (power deposition 1–3 kW cm−3, pulse length ≈200 μs), e-beam excitation results in 10%–15% higher gain than heavy-ion excitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341386
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noncollisional heating and electron energy distributions in magnetically enhanced inductively coupled and helicon plasma sources (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 3699-3712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ability to deposit power in the volume of plasma reactors at locations deeper than the conventional skin depth makes magnetically enhanced inductively coupled plasma (MEICP) and helicon sources appealing for use in materials processing. Mechanisms for power deposition and electron energy transport in MEICPs have been computationally investigated using a two-dimensional (2D) plasma equipment model. Using a tensor conductivity in the solution of Maxwell's equations, three-dimensional components of the inductively coupled electric field are produced from an m=0 antenna and 2D applied magnetic fields. These fields are then used in a Monte Carlo simulation to generate electron energy distributions (EEDs), transport coefficients, and electron impact source functions. The electrostatic component of the wave is resolved by estimating the charge density using an oscillatory perturbed electron density. For MEICPs operating at pressures less than 10 mTorr in Ar, significant power deposition occurs downstream when the radial and axial components of the electric field are commensurate with the azimuthal component. For magnetic fields above 100 G, the tail of the EED (〉20–30 eV) is enhanced in the downstream region. This enhancement results from noncollisional heating by the axial electric field for electrons in the tail of the EED which have long mean free paths, while lower energy electrons are still somewhat collisional. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1400091
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reassessment of the rate constant for electron collision quenching of KrF(B) (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2482-2484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The rate constant for electron collision quenching of KrF(B) has been reassessed by analyzing previous theoretical [A. Hazi, T. Rescigno, and A. Orel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 477 (1979)] and experimental [D. Trainor and J. Jacob, Appl. Phys. Lett. 37, 675 (1980)] data. From this analysis we recommend that the rate constant for electron collision quenching of KrF(B), used for modeling electron beam and discharge excited lasers, should be 3–6×10−8 cm3 s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.102005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature kinetics in He and Ne buffered XeF lasers: The effect on absorption (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 102-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Excimer lasers excited by electron or ion beams having energy deposition of 100's J/l over many microseconds experience a temperature rise of hundreds of degrees (K). The increase in gas temperature may greatly impact both the kinetics and spectroscopic parameters. In this letter we discuss the high-temperature (≤900 K) plasma kinetics and absorption in He and Ne buffered gas mixtures for particle beam pumped XeF lasers. We find both gain and absorption depend differently on gas temperature in these mixtures (absorption decreasing in He mixtures, increasing in Ne mixtures). The differences are attributed to a reduction in diatomic absorbing species with increasing temperature and differences in the temperature dependence of the optical absorption cross sections for NeXe+ and Xe+2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101241
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Destruction mechanisms for formaldehyde in atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a common pollutant of indoor air in residences and commercial buildings. The removal of CH2O from atmospheric pressure gas streams (N2/O2/H2O/CH2O) using plasmas generated by a dielectric barrier discharge has been theoretically investigated with the goal of cleansing indoor air. The model consists of a full accounting of the electron, ion, and neutral chemical kinetics in contaminated humid air. We find that the destruction of CH2O results dominantly from chemical attack by OH and O radicals, with the primary end products being CO and H2O. The predicted destruction rates for CH2O are typically 2–8 ppm/(mJ cm−3) (parts per million of CH2O in air/energy deposition). The elimination of the unwanted byproducts, CO and NO, using a platinum catalyst is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353828
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathode heating mechanisms in pseudospark plasma switches (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3374-3383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pseudosparks, and the back-lighted thyratron (BLT) in particular, are finding increasing application as pulse power switches. An attractive feature of BLTs is that high current densities (≥ tens of kA cm−2) can be sustained from metal cathodes without auxiliary heating. The source of this current is believed to be electric-field-enhanced thermionic emission resulting from heating of the cathode by ion bombardment during commutation which ultimately melts the surface of the cathode. It is proposed that a photon-driven ionization mechanism in the interelectrode gap of the BLT is responsible for initiating the observed patterns of cathode surface melting and electron emission. A 21/2-dimensional computer model is presented that incorporates a photo-induced ionization mechanism to spread the plasma into the interelectrode gap. It predicts a melting of the cathode in a pattern similar to that which is experimentally observed, and predicts a rate of field-enhanced thermionic electron emission that is sufficient to explain the high BLT conduction current density. In the absence of these mechanisms, the model does not predict the observed large-area melting of the face of the cathode. The cathode heating rate during the BLT switching phase is maximum for operating parameters that are very close to the limit for which the switch will close (that is, the smallest possible pressure-electrode spacing product and smallest possible electrode holes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351459
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron transport coefficients in dusty argon plasmas (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 951-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature partially ionized plasmas, as used in plasma processing reactors and gas lasers, are often contaminated by gas phase particulates (1–10's μm radius) resulting from electrode sputtering or gas phase chemical reactions. Particles having sizes comparable to or greater than the Debye length will negatively charge in the plasma and form a sheath at their surfaces. These particles thereby become a Coulomb-like scatterer of electrons. A hybrid Monte Carlo/molecular dynamics computer simulation has been developed to study the effect of such particulate contamination on electron transport in glow discharges and this letter presents results for argon. The dominant effect of particulate contamination is to shift the electron energy distribution to lower energies, thereby reducing electron impact rate coefficients for processes which have high threshold energies, particularly ionization. The self-sustaining E/N of discharges having dusty plasmas is therefore increased. The effect, proportional to particle density, begins to become important at a density of 103–105 cm−3 for gas pressures of 0.1–3 Torr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101733
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