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  • Nature Publishing Group  (19,449)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (4,544)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 2020-2023  (11)
  • 1970-1974  (23,982)
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  • 1
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    The impact of faulting complexity and type on earthquake rupture dynamics (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: The statistical properties of seismicity are known to be affected by several factors such as the rheological parameters of rocks. We analysed the earthquake double-couple as a function of the faulting type. Here we show that it impacts the moment tensors of earthquakes: thrust- faulting events are characterized by higher double-couple components with respect to strike- slip- and normal-faulting earthquakes. Our results are coherent with the stress dependence of the scaling exponent of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which is anticorrelated to the double- couple. We suggest that the structural and tectonic control of seismicity may have its origin in the complexity of the seismogenic source marked by the width of the cataclastic damage zone and by the slip of different fault planes during the same seismic event; the sharper and concentrated the slip as along faults, the higher the double-couple. This phenomenon may introduce bias in magnitude estimation, with possible impact on seismic forecasting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: double couple ; damage zone ; different fault type ; seismicity ; tectonics ; fault type ; seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Site dependence of the magnetocaloric effect in Mn5−xFexSi3 (2022)
    Ait Haddouch, Mohammed ; Abboushi, Nour ; Sharma, Neetika ; [et al.]
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The nuclear and magnetic structures of Mn3Fe2Si3 are investigated in the temperature range from 20 to 300 K. The magnetic properties of Mn3Fe2Si3 were measured on a single crystal. The compound undergoes a paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at TN2 ≃ 120 K and an antiferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition at TN1 ≃ 69 K. A similar sequence of magnetic phase transitions is found for the parent compound Mn5Si3 upon temperature variation, but the field‐driven transition observed in Mn5Si3 is not found in Mn3Fe2Si3, resulting in a strongly reduced magnetocaloric effect. Structurally, the hexagonal symmetry found for both compounds under ambient conditions is preserved in Mn3Fe2Si3 through both magnetic transitions, indicating that the crystal structure is only weakly affected by the magnetic phase transition, in contrast to Mn5Si3 where both transitions distort the nuclear structure. Both compounds feature a collinear high‐temperature magnetic phase AF2 and transfer into a non‐collinear phase AF1 at low temperature. While one of the distinct crystallographic sites remains disordered in the AF2 phase in the parent compound, the magnetic structure in the AF2 phase involves all magnetic atoms in Mn3Fe2Si3. These observations imply that the distinct sites occupied by the magnetic atoms play an important role in the magnetocaloric behaviour of the family.
    Description: The nuclear and magnetic structures of Mn3Fe2Si3 are determined and the magnetic properties are compared with those of the parent compound Mn5Si3. The results imply that the distinct magnetic sites play an important role in the magnetocaloric behaviour of the family. image
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; magnetocaloric effect ; magnetic structure ; neutron diffraction ; synchrotron diffraction ; site dependence
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Arctic glaciers record wavier circumpolar winds (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Nature Publishing Group, 12(3), pp. 249-255
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Sub‐micrometer focusing setup for high‐pressure crystallography at the Extreme Conditions beamline at PETRA III (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Scientific tasks aimed at decoding and characterizing complex systems and processes at high pressures set new challenges for modern X‐ray diffraction instrumentation in terms of X‐ray flux, focal spot size and sample positioning. Presented here are new developments at the Extreme Conditions beamline (P02.2, PETRA III, DESY, Germany) that enable considerable improvements in data collection at very high pressures and small scattering volumes. In particular, the focusing of the X‐ray beam to the sub‐micrometer level is described, and control of the aberrations of the focusing compound refractive lenses is made possible with the implementation of a correcting phase plate. This device provides a significant enhancement of the signal‐to‐noise ratio by conditioning the beam shape profile at the focal spot. A new sample alignment system with a small sphere of confusion enables single‐crystal data collection from grains of micrometer to sub‐micrometer dimensions subjected to pressures as high as 200 GPa. The combination of the technical development of the optical path and the sample alignment system contributes to research and gives benefits on various levels, including rapid and accurate diffraction mapping of samples with sub‐micrometer resolution at multimegabar pressures.
    Description: Facing the challenges of X‐ray diffraction from tiny samples subjected to multimegabar pressures, instrumentation developments are presented that enable, among other studies, single‐crystal data collection from micrometer‐ to sub‐micrometer‐sized grains. The developments are based on a sub‐micrometer beam capability employing compound refractive lenses operating with a phase correcting plate and a precise motorization solution.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Robust approaches for model‐free small‐angle scattering data analysis (2022)
    Bender, Philipp ; Honecker, Dirk ; Bersweiler, Mathias ; [et al.]
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: The small‐angle neutron scattering data of nanostructured magnetic samples contain information regarding their chemical and magnetic properties. Often, the first step to access characteristic magnetic and structural length scales is a model‐free investigation. However, due to measurement uncertainties and a restricted q range, a direct Fourier transform usually fails and results in ambiguous distributions. To circumvent these problems, different methods have been introduced to derive regularized, more stable correlation functions, with the indirect Fourier transform being the most prominent approach. Here, the indirect Fourier transform is compared with the singular value decomposition and an iterative algorithm. These approaches are used to determine the correlation function from magnetic small‐angle neutron scattering data of a powder sample of iron oxide nanoparticles; it is shown that with all three methods, in principle, the same correlation function can be derived. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, and thus the recommendation is to combine these three approaches to obtain robust results.
    Description: Three different approaches are compared for determination of the correlation function from the small‐angle neutron scattering data of a powder sample of iron oxide nanoparticles.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Structure determination from unindexed powder data from scratch by a global optimization approach using pattern comparison based on cross‐correlation functions (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-16
    Description: A method of ab initio crystal structure determination from powder diffraction data for organic and metal–organic compounds, which does not require prior indexing of the powder pattern, has been developed. Only a reasonable molecular geometry is required, needing knowledge of neither unit‐cell parameters nor space group. The structures are solved from scratch by a global fit to the powder data using the new program FIDEL‐GO (`FIt with DEviating Lattice parameters ‐ Global Optimization'). FIDEL‐GO uses a similarity measure based on cross‐correlation functions, which allows the comparison of simulated and experimental powder data even if the unit‐cell parameters deviate strongly. The optimization starts from large sets of random structures in various space groups. The unit‐cell parameters, molecular position and orientation, and selected internal degrees of freedom are fitted simultaneously to the powder pattern. The optimization proceeds in an elaborate multi‐step procedure with built‐in clustering of duplicate structures and iterative adaptation of parameter ranges. The best structures are selected for an automatic Rietveld refinement. Finally, a user‐controlled Rietveld refinement is performed. The procedure aims for the analysis of a wide range of `problematic' powder patterns, in particular powders of low crystallinity. The method can also be used for the clustering and screening of a large number of possible structure candidates and other application scenarios. Examples are presented for structure determination from unindexed powder data of the previously unknown structures of the nanocrystalline phases of 4,11‐difluoro‐, 2,9‐dichloro‐ and 2,9‐dichloro‐6,13‐dihydro‐quinacridone, which were solved from powder patterns with 14–20 peaks only, and of the coordination polymer dichloro‐bis(pyridine‐N)copper(II).
    Description: A new method for the structure determination of molecular crystals from unindexed powder data has been developed and successfully applied. The method performs a global optimization using pattern comparison based on cross‐correlation functions.
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Non-syntrophic methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation by an archaeal species (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 601(7892), pp. 257-262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    HTD2: a single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer for combined high‐pressure/low‐temperature experiments at laboratory scale (2022)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-15
    Description: High‐pressure (HP) X‐ray diffraction experiments at low temperature (LT) require dedicated instruments as well as non‐standard sample environments and measuring strategies. This is especially true when helium cryogenic temperatures below 80 K are targeted. Furthermore, only experiments on single‐crystalline samples provide the prerequisites to study subtle structural changes in the p–T phase diagram under extreme LT and HP conditions in greater detail. Due to special hardware requirements, such measurements are usually in the realm of synchrotron beamlines. This contribution describes the design of an LT/HP diffractometer (HTD2) to perform single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments using a laboratory source in the temperature range 400 〉 T 〉 2 K while applying pressures of up to 20 GPa.
    Description: The design and operation of a newly commissioned single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer (HTD2) are presented. The device enables experiments under simultaneous low‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions using a laboratory X‐ray source.
    Keywords: ddc:548 ; HTD2 ; low temperature ; high pressure ; single crystals ; instrumentation
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    On incoherent diffractive imaging (2021)
    International Union of Crystallography | 5 Abbey Square, Chester, Cheshire CH1 2HU, England
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-07
    Description: Incoherent diffractive imaging (IDI) promises structural analysis with atomic resolution based on intensity interferometry of pulsed X‐ray fluorescence emission. However, its experimental realization is still pending and a comprehensive theory of contrast formation has not been established to date. Explicit expressions are derived for the equal‐pulse two‐point intensity correlations, as the principal measured quantity of IDI, with full control of the prefactors, based on a simple model of stochastic fluorescence emission. The model considers the photon detection statistics, the finite temporal coherence of the individual emissions, as well as the geometry of the scattering volume. The implications are interpreted in view of the most relevant quantities, including the fluorescence lifetime, the excitation pulse, as well as the extent of the scattering volume and pixel size. Importantly, the spatiotemporal overlap between any two emissions in the sample can be identified as a crucial factor limiting the contrast and its dependency on the sample size can be derived. The paper gives rigorous estimates for the optimum sample size, the maximum photon yield and the expected signal‐to‐noise ratio under optimal conditions. Based on these estimates, the feasibility of IDI experiments for plausible experimental parameters is discussed. It is shown in particular that the mean number of photons per detector pixel which can be achieved with X‐ray fluorescence is severely limited and as a consequence imposes restrictive constraints on possible applications.
    Description: Starting from a simple model of stochastic fluorescence emission, a theory is derived of contrast formation and signal‐to‐noise ratio for incoherent diffractive imaging; its feasibility for plausible experimental parameters is discussed. image
    Keywords: ddc:548
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 12(1), pp. 1-12
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-15
    Description: Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-8
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr−1. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month−1 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr−1.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [News & Views ‘picture story’] (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 193-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Painted panels from the ceiling of the Natural History Museum, London. According to The British Architect and Northern Engineer of June 1878 "the chief idea . . . . is that of growth". Left to right: Scots pine Pinus sylvestris peach Amygdalus persica cacao Theobroma cacao; English oak Quercus ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252193b0
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between sealevels, 18 O variations and orbital perturbations, during the past 250,000 years (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sealevel changes over the past 250,000 yr, determined from dated coral reefs on rising islands, are synchronous with precessional changes in solar radiation when orbital eccentricity is large. Oxygen isotope variations in deep-sea cores correspond in timing but not in amplitude, reflecting changing ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252199a0
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change of pulse characteristics of the Vela pulsar with frequency (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 210-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Average 'total intensity' profiles measured at 4,830 MHz. Each profile is the sum of two integrations at orthogonal position angles of the feed. At each position angle 500 pulses were superposed. The times are Eastern Australian Standard Time on November 8, 1972. Details of the radio ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252210a0
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New extragalactic variable sources from an 8-GHz survey (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We observed every 8-GHz survey source less than 1' in diameter that would not be significantly confused using the 4.7' resolution of the 300-foot telescope at 2.7 GHz. A three-feed system was used to determine declination pointing corrections at every source transit, so that flux densities could be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252212a0
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New type of smectic mesophase? (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 221-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The X-ray diffraction photographs of the smectic phases of the two biphenyls are similar and are of a novel type. They both consist of a sharp inner reflection and two diffuse outer reflections as shown in Fig. 1. All smectic phases previously studied have given X-ray diffraction patterns which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252221a0
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation perception by children (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 222-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] It follows from such a view that even oblique lines ought to be discriminated correctly by young children when the task is a simultaneous discrimination situation. In such a situation the standard is presented together with the choice cards, so that, according to the match?mismatch hypothesis, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252222a0
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Origin of Nicotiana tabacum L. detected by polypeptide composition of Fraction I protein (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 226-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Polypeptide composition of Fraction I proteins from N. tabacum and the putative progenitor species. Crystalline Fraction I protein was dissolved in 8 M urea-0.5 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5 and reduced by the addition of dithiothreitol. The protein was S-carboxymethylated by the addition of iodoacetic ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252226a0
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luteinising hormone and testosterone in man (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 232-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Eight healthy men aged between 24 and 29 yr were recruited. Blood samples were collected at intervals of 10?40 min using an indwelling needle inserted into a forearm vein. The trials lasted 6?7 h starting at about 1700h and only two or three subjects were studied in any one evening. After a meal ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252232a0
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopamine 3-O-sulphate, an end product of L-dopa metabolism in Parkinson patients (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 237-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The administration of 14C-labelled L -dopa to normal people is followed by the excretion of sulphoconjugates of dopamine in the urine3 and Parkinson patients on high oral doses of L -dopa have been shown to excrete up to 80% of the amine in this form4?6. It therefore seems that sulphoconjugation ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252237a0
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Displacement of bound 14 C-fluphenazine by biogenic amines and antipsychotic drugs in homogenates of brain tissue (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 238-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] 14C-fluphenazine (4-[3-14C-3-(2-trifluoromethyl) phenothiazin-10-yl) propylH-piperazine ethanol, dihydrochloride, 2.4 mCi mol?1) was synthesised by F. Dondzila (Chemical Development Department, Squibb Institute) by first reacting 1-chloropropyl-3-14C-bromide (3 mCi mmol?1, New England Nuclear ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252238a0
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of human smooth muscle antibodies with human blood lymphocytes and lymphoid cell lines (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 246-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Lymphocytes were purified from defibrinated blood by gelatin sedimentation. Phagocytic cells were removed with iron powder and erythrocytes lysed by 0.83% NH4Cl solution. After washing in saline the lymphocytes were cultured with or without the addition of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (Burroughs ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252246a0
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in the effects of adult thymectomy on T-cell mediated responses in vitro (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 252-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] These early changes in the T-cell functions following ATX have been taken to indicate the existence of a newly formed, shortlived T lymphocyte population in the spleen regulated by the intact thymus either through a continuous cell traffic from the thymus or through the action of a thymic hormone7. ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252252b0
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initiation of polyphenylalanine synthesis and the action of cytokinins in fenugreek cotyledons (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Isolated cotyledons of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) respond to cytokinins1 and it has become evident that at an early stage the growth response in darkness is dependent on protein synthesis. It has been shown that cytokinin treatment of cotyledons increases the activity of the ribosome ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/252257a0
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Support for Trieste (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste was established in the early sixties in order to provide a base to which young competent theoretical physicists from developing countries could go occasionally for intellectual exchanges and advanced research. An extensive report on the ...
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    Rhodesia rules (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 90-90 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] "THE University [of Rhodesia] has been exempted by the British Government and others from sanctions." So runs the last sentence of a sheet describing Salisbury, its university and the chair of biochemistry which was being advertised recently. What does this mean in practice? One of our readers ...
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    Washington seen (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 91-91 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE abrupt departure last week of Dr John Sawhill as head of the Federal Energy Administration (FEA) came as no surprise to those who have been keeping track of the jockeying for power and political backstabbing which has characterised energy planning in the United States for the past 18 months. ...
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    Sitting Bull? (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 93-93 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR?I was startled to read (Nature, 251, xviii; 1974) that Colorado State University is encouraging 'ethnic minorities and women" to apply for the position of Chairperson in its Statistics Department. I reject as highly improbable the implicit assumption that ethnic minorities necessarily consist ...
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    Micrometeoroid density from lunar craters (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 94-95 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Solar System not only contains planets, moons, asteroids, comets, meteorites and meteorids but also a plethora of smaller particles known as miicrometeoroids. These are so small that they do not burn out when they enter the Earth's atmosphere but are gently retarded by momentum transfer to the ...
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    The linear differentiation of chromosomes (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 95-97 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FROM the first description of an induced differential staining of plant chromosomes following cold treatment (Darlington and La Cour, J. Genet., 40, 185; 1940) twenty-eight years were to elapse before Caspersson and his colleagues (Expl Cell Res., 49, 219; 1968) showed that chromosomes treated with ...
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    Glassy alloys (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 100-100 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SINCE times prehistoric, metallurgists have quenched iron or steel in water to harden them. Nowadays they know that the hardness is linked to the presence of a metastable crystal form, containing more carbon in solution than iron should at ambient temperature. This crystal form, martensite, has ...
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    Redshifts of Markaryan galaxies (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 110-111 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Distribution of the redshifts of Markaryan galaxies. I present here a preliminary survey of the data which consist of 394 redshifts8?15 (z〈0.08) of which 90, 92, 65, and 147 are for s, sd, ds, and d objects, respectively. The measurements of Ulrich13 and Sargent14 were preferred. The ...
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    Effect of temperature on recombination luminescence and electron tunnelling (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 118-119 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Electron stabilisation occurs in deep intermolecular traps (2?3 eV) during low-temperature radiolysis of polar glasses1. After y irradiation, at 77 K, of aqueous alkaline glasses containing efficient electron scavengers (NO2?, NO3?, Fe(CN)63?), a long range electron transfer occurred, apparently by ...
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    Feature processing in the perception and production of speech (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 121-123 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Subjects were instructed to utter a given consonant + vowel syllable immediately after listening to repetitions of a selected adapting syllable. The utterances were analysed to determine whether a feature of the waveforms systematically varied as a function of perceptual adaptation. We concentrated ...
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    All parasense (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 129-130 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Aldous Huxley: A Biography Vol. 2: 1939–1963. By Sybille Bedford. Published by Pp. xii + 378 + 15 photographs. (Chatto and Windus, in association with Collins: London, 1974.) £4.50. THE prefix 'para?', says the OED, means "beside, beyond, wrong, irregular". Excellent?just ...
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    [Book Review Supplement ‘picture story’] (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 131-131 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Ernst Mach (sporting a splendid moustache) lying on his back and sketching the outside world as it presents itself to his left eye. From Logic, Labels, and Flesh. By Stefan Themerrson. Pp. 202. (Gaberbocchus: London, July 1974.) £3.60 boards; £2.40 ...
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    [Book Review Supplement ‘picture story’] (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 134-134 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hare-headed divinity of ancient Egypt on the coffin of Bakenmut, 21st dynasty. From The Leaping Hare. By G. E. Evans and D. Thomson. Pp. 262 + 24 photographs. (Faber: London, October 1974.) Paper, ...
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    … and for arts students (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 135-136 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Concepts of Contemporary Astronomy . By Paul W. Hodge. Pp. viii+547. (McGraw-Hill: New York, 1974.) $9.95; £5.45. Fundamental Astronony . By Franklyn W. Cole. Pp. xiiiix+476. (Wiley: New York, 1974.) £5.30. WITH deafening regularity new books on astronomy hit the ...
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    Model methods (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 137-137 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Analytical Methods in Planetary Boundary-Layer Modelling . By R. A. Brown. Pp. xii+148+5 plates. (Adam Hillger: London, June 1974.) £8.00. THE scope of this book is narrower than one might guess from the title. It deals primarily with a restricted topic in the theory of the ...
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    Nuclear structure (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 140-141 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Theoretical Nuclear Physics. Vol. 1: Nuclear Structure . By Amos de Shalit and Herman Feshbach. Pp. xxviii+979. (Wiley: New York and London, June 1974.) £14.60. THE appearance of this volume is a notable event for nuclear physicists and yet another reminder of the loss to the ...
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    Denial of quantum physics (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 141-142 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics . By Michael Audi. Pp. xiv+200. (University of Chicago: Chicago and London, 1973.) £5.75. THE main purpose of this book is to show that the classical conception of a particle, particularly the attribution of simultaneous position and momentum to ...
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    Molecular chemistry (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 142-142 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Internal Rotation in Molecules . Edited by W. J. Orville-Thomas, Pp. xvii+606. (Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1974.) £13.50. THE last thirty years have seen considerable activity in the study of internal rotation and related ring puckering motions in molecules. Orville-Thomas' ...
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    Connective issues (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 143-143 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The structure and Biochemistry of Cartilage . By A. Serafini-Fracassini and J. W. Smith. Pp. vii+236. (Churchill Livingston: Edinburgh and London, 1974.) £8.00. THIS book is a very readable account of the biochemistry of connective tissue components, and of the structure and ...
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    Primates: swinging through the trees … (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 144-144 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Primate Locomotion . Edited by Farish A. Jenkins, jun.. Pp. xii+390. (Academic: New York and London, January 1974.) $34.00; £16.30. THE disadvantages of the current tendency to publish compilations of invited articles on specialised subjects are numerous. Though books of this ...
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    … and adapting to other situations (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 144-144 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The St Kitts Vervet . By Michael McGuire. (Contributions to Primatology. Vol.1). Pp. xi+202. (S. Karger: Basel, London and New York, 1974.) Sfr 56; £8.10; $17.40. VERVET monkeys were introduced to St Kitts, probably from West Africa, in the latter part of the seventeenth ...
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    Living with cosmic rays (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 145-145 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Space Radiation Biology and Related Topics . By Tobias and Todd. Pp. xvi+648. (Academic, subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: New York and London, May 1974.) £15.85. IT is perhaps surprising to see the publication of this volume now when support for space research is declining. It ...
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    [Book Review Supplement ‘picture story’] (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 146-146 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, (above), and the slimy sculpin, Cottus cognatus. From Northern Fishes; third edition. By Samuel Eddy and James C. Underbill. Pp. xix + 414. (University of Minnesota: Minneapolis; Oxford University: London, OctO'ber 1974.) ...
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    What is biological control? (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 147-147 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Biological Control of Plant Pathogens . By K. F. Baker and R. J. Cook. Pp. xiv+433. (Freeman: San Francisco, 1974.) $12.50. THE authors of this book admit that writing it was a "mind-stretching" exercise; many readers may think that the effort has somewhat distended their subject. ...
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    Of mites and models (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 147-148 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Functional Response to Prey Density in an Acarine System. (Simulation Monographs.) By H. G. Fransz. Pp. viii+143. (Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation: Wageningen, 1974.) Dfl.20. DURING the last few years ecological theory seems to have outpaced the collection of ...
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    Drugs and toxins (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 148-148 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Chemistry, Metabolism of Drugs and Toxins: An introduction to Xenobiochemistry . By Michael and Maxine Briggs. Pp. xii+386. (Heinemann Medical: London, June 1974.) £5.00. THIS pot-pourri of data from chemistry, biochemistry, biochemical pharmacology, pharmacology and toxicology is ...
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    Cyclic expression of a growth conditioning factor (MGF) on the cell surface (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 151-153 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Peritoneal macrophages can be maintained in vitro but do not proliferate; they can, however, be induced to synthesise DNA and divide in medium conditioned by cells of the same species12-14. In our system medium conditioned by L cells in logarithmic growth was used and tested on macrophages ...
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    An electrophysiological study of the hippocampus of the ‘reeler’ mutant mouse (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 153-155 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Here we report evidence which suggests that there is a high safety factor in the developmental processes responsible for ensuring orderly synaptic organisation. Despite the cellular disarray in the hippocampus of the homozygous reeler, the resultant synaptic organisation as revealed by ...
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    Regulation of catecholamine synthesis in the rat brain in vitro by cyclic AMP (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 156-158 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Recent experimental evidence demonstrates that dibutyryl cyclic AMP can increase the formation of dopamine from labelled tyrosine when incubated with brain slices9 or synaptosomes10,11 prepared from the corpus striatum. We report here, a stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat?brain ...
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    Different spike mechanisms in axon and soma of molluscan neurone (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 155-156 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In none of these studies, however, were action potentials recorded with intracellular electrodes in the axon at a large distance from the cell soma. We have been able to record from the axon of the right giant (R2) cell in the visceral ganglion of Aplysia at a distance of 3?4 cm from the soma. Our ...
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    Information transmission under conditions of sensory shielding (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 602-607 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have investigated the ability of certain people to describe graphical material or remote scenes shielded against ordinary perception. In addition, we performed pilot studies to determine if electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings might indicate perception of remote happenings even in the ...
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    Liposomes can mimic virus membranes (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 161-163 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We set out to do this with respect to the membrane associated activities exhibited by many of the enveloped viruses. As the model virus, we used a modification of what has been described as a lipid dispersion, lipid vesicles, or liposomes, that is, single or multiple concentric shells of lipid ...
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    Sickle cell resistance to in vivo hypoxia (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 620-621 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Application of this animal system to the study of human sickle cell anaemia erythroctyes (sickle cells) has verified many of their known survival characteristics in man5-7. These include a short intravascular survival, an improved survival with in vivo hyperoxygenation and an improved survival ...
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    Radiological mapping of the ribosomal RNA transcription unit in E. coli (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 639-641 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The ultraviolet light technique for mapping transcriptional linkage is based on the observation that certain lesions induced in DNA by ultraviolet light cause premature termination of transcription at the site of the lesion and that no reinitiation occurs beyond the lesion up to the next ...
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    Friend virus release and induction of haemoglobin synthesis in erythroleukaemic cells respond differently to interferon (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 642-644 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Effect of interferon on Friend virus synthesis in unstimulated FSD1/F4 cells. Mouse interferon was prepared by the infection of L-929 cells with Newcastle disease virus (NDV-California strain). Cell supernatants were dialysed against 0.1 M glycin?HC1 buffer (pH 2.0) for 5 d and further ...
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    Significance of immunofluorescent staining of lymphocytes with antisera to IgM immunoglobulins (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 652-654 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Various means have been devised to prove this point primarily by using high resolution optical devices5 or specific antisera6. Although antisera to IgM immunoglobulins bind specifically to structures on the surface of lymphocytes, in only two cases to our knowledge have IgM immunoglobulins been ...
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    Cell culture pharmacology (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 465-466 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE action of drugs on cultured vertebrate cells was the subject of the autumn meeting of the British Society for Cell Biology, held at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, on September 19 and 20, 1974. Most of the experiments described had one of four main objectsto increase knowledge of the ...
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    Shades of meaning (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 468-468 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Male quagga in Naturhistorisches Museum, Mainz on left; Burchells zebra (type of E. quagga paucistratus) on right. THE quaggy, Equus quagga quagga, no longer roams the Cape Colony having succumbed to the hunters gun in the nineteenth century. The last quagga died in the Amsterdam Zoo in 1883, but ...
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    Implications of heat flow for metallogenesis in the Bauer Deep (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 473-475 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Bauer Deep, in the south-eastern equatorial Pacific, is the only deep ocean basin so far known to be characterised by metalliferous sediments throughout the depositional column. The basin was formed when the eastern Pacific spreading centre jumped from the now fossil Galapagos Rise to the newly ...
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    Possible explanations of the ‘high’ number of counts in the solar neutrino experiment (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 488-489 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Results of the solar v experiment, after Evans et al.1. The errors on individual run rates (open circles) quoted for Run 27 come from the present work, the rest from ref. 1. The mean values are those derived by us. Several methods have been adopted to determine the rate R: I, the maximum ...
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    Evidence of precursive compression for two deep earthquakes (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 28-29 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Dziewonski and Gilbert used the 'stacking and stripping' procedure4?6 to construct Fourier transforms of time derivatives of the source time functions. That technique is applicable only at very long periods; as periods become shorter, lateral variations in dispersion become important. Dziewonski ...
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    Evidence of precursive compression for two deep earthquakes (reply) (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 29-29 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] If g(?) is the Fourier transform of f(t), then g(??) is the Fourier transform of f(? t). If g(?)=g(??) then f(t)= f(? t). If g(?) is an even function of frequency then f(t) is an even function of time. If f(t) is an even function of time it is precursive. The experimental evidence for the isotropic ...
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    Correlation of strain and velocity during dilatancy (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 30-31 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Here we correlate spatial variations in compressional velocity with spatial variations in strain over the extended time interval required for the rock to fail under constant stress. A right circular cylinder of Westerly granite was statically loaded in uniaxial compression and velocity observed ...
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    Tholeiite, alkali basalt and ascent velocity (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 31-32 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Engel et all concluded that the great majority of rocks from the ocean floor were tholeiitic basalts, and that the occurrence of oceanic alkali basalts was restricted to the tops of volcanic islands and sea mounts This generalisation is 'still largely valid, though, apparently, a greater variety of ...
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    Ubiquitous trisulphur radical ion S 3 − · (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 32-33 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A blue colour develops when sulphur is heated with water and traces of some basic salt2'3. Blue solutions are also formed by sulphur in alkali halide melts4, in liquid potassium thiocyanate above 300 C (refs 5 and 6), by alkali polysulphides in basic solvents7?12, by electrochemical reduction of S8 ...
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    Laser-induced orientation in macromolecular suspensions (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 33-34 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Birefringence induced in Bentonite sols, at a wavelength of 488 nm. a, Laser-induced birefringence response; b, YAG laser (?=1.06 mm) 'fixed Q' Pulse of approximately 8 kW maximum power; c, electrically induced birefringence response; d, a direct current electric pulse, of amplitude 31 V ...
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    Evidence for two mechanisms of sclerotisation in insect cuticle (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 507-508 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During a study of cuticle sclerotisation I have obtained evidence which confirms an earlier suggestion7 that two mechanisms for forming cross links exist in insect cuticle, one giving a colourless cuticle and the other a dark brown cuticle. Both mechanisms can be active simultaneously in the same ...
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    Measurements of K, Rb, U, Sr and Pb in diamonds containing inclusions (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 35-37 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Here we report preliminary measurements of the K, Rb, Sr, U and Pb concentrations in diamonds. As far as we know the only other reported measurements are by Fesq et al.1 who used instrumental neutron activation analysis to determine the concentrations of Sr, Rb and K. They found that these elements ...
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    Skull of Palaechthon nacimienti (1974)
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    Nature 252 (1974), S. 37-38 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The skull is unevenly crushed in the dorsoventral plane and lacks the zygomata and the anterior extremity of the rostrum. Its caudal end is missing, including the greater portion of the petrosals and basioccipital, the occipital condyles and foramen magnum, and the corresponding portions of the ...
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    ADP binding to relaxed scallop myofibrils (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 38-39 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The mechanism of the myosin ATPase in vertebrate muscle, in which regulation is thin filament-linked, has been widely studied. Myosin rapidly binds and hydrolyses ATP to form a myosin-ADP.P1 intermediate9'10. The breakdown of this complex is the rate limiting step of hydrolysisii and actin ...
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    In vitro activity of cells from genetically lethal embryos of Drosophila (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 40-41 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Deep orange (dor) is an X-linked (1?0.3) recessive mutant of D melanogaster3. In addition to an alteration in pteridine pigments of the eye4, dor causes a peculiar type of sterility3?6. When dor females are mated to dor males, all offspring die during the course of embryonic development. When ...
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    Do immunologically privileged sites require a functioning spleen? (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 553-554 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To determine the status of a lymphatic drainage route from the AC, we used a local graft-versus-host lymph node assay. Lymph node cells from Fischer rats specifically sensitised to tissue antigens of DA strain rats were inoculated into either the AC or the subconjunctival space (SCS) of (F x DA)F1 ...
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    Evolution of populations (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 556-556 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PROFESSOR MATHER?S latest book is a survey of topics in population genetics, intended for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students seeking a general orientation. The subject is the way in which proportions of genetic types change from generation to generation in response to various factors, ...
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    Natural death (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 557-557 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN recent years, increasing concern at the possible pollution of the environment by chemical pesticides has directed attention back to studies of non-chemical methods of pest control. Before DDT and other efficient synthetic insecticides were brought into general use in the 1940s, control of pests ...
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    Corrigendum (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 558-558 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the article ?Exchange of neuro-transmitter amino acid at nerve endings can stimulate high affinity uptake? by G. Levi and M. Raiteri (Nature, 250, 735; 1974) the sentence at lines 21?22, p. 737 should read: Net uptake, which may or may not have a high affinity component . . ...
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    Glucose accumulation by rat small intestine during absorption in vivo (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 512-513 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] About 20 cm of jejunum from male Wistar rats (200?250 g) was exposed under ether anaesthesia, and the lumen gently rinsed with 10 ml ice cold 0.9%. NaCl. The segment was cannulated and the lumen perfused, in situ (that is, with intact mesentery), with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium, in a gas lift, ...
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    TRH potentiates behavioural changes following increased brain 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulation in rats (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 524-526 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recently a report5 has suggested that thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) produced a rapid, though transient, improvement in depression when given intravenously. Because the combination of tryptophan plus a monoamine oxidase inhibitor has antidepressant properties6 and because reserpine7 and ...
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    Quantitation of adrenaline in rat brain nuclei and areas by mass fragmentography (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 530-531 
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    Notes: [Auszug] In our preliminary experiments, 15 brain nuclei were dissected and assayed for their catecholamine content. Male rats (125?175 g) were killed by cervical fracture and the brain rapidly removed and frozen in powdered dry ice. The frozen brains were serially sectioned (400 µm, knife angle 30 to ...
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    Adaptations of plants to drought (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 380-380 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE C4 dicarboxyl acid pathway of carbon fixation has now been recognised in a wide variety of plant species from at least six orders of flowering plants. In this process CO2 combines with phosphoenolpyruvate and is transported to the bundle sheath cells in the form of dicarboxylic acids, where it ...
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    Pronounced antiviral activity of human interferon on bovine and porcine cells (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 543-545 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The origins of the interferon preparations and the cells used in their assay are presented in Table 1. Several interferon preparations were prepared in our laboratory and standard techniques were used to eliminate residual inducing virus. All cells were cultivated in Eagle?s medium with 10% calf or ...
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    Dangers of lead (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 557-557 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE authors define sub-clinical lead poisoning as the production of morbidity or mortality without the appearance of the classical signs or symptoms of lead poisoning. This is a highly emotive subject and (the authors are to be congratulated for dealing with it in a balanced and scientific manner. ...
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    Announcements (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 558-558 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Miscellaneous United States Public Health Service International Postdoctoral Research Fellowships. Up to six awards may be made to Australians for research training in ?health-related? fields in the USA. Applications to the Executive Secretary, Australian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 216, Civic ...
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    Business: problems for Ferranti (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 369-369 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ANOTHER British company, the electrical and electronics group Ferranti which makes a wide range of things from naval and aviation electronic equipment to the humble domestic electricity meter, is short of money and has persuaded the government to help out. Looking on the gloomy side and assuming ...
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    Washington seen (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 372-372 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE US Atomic Energy Commission has run into yet another snag with its liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) programme. The commission has now acknowledged what has been rumoured for some months?the estimated cost of building and operating a demonstration LMFBR has increased by 250% in two ...
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    Spatial ability, throwing accuracy and man's hunting heritage (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 410-412 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Moreover, this is an interesting focus for anthropological research because the existence of an X-linked behavioural trait in the present would constitute independent evidence for a sexual division of labour during the 99 % of human history that men have been hunters. Certainly, directional ...
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    Inhibition of cell growth by oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (1974)
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    Nature 251 (1974), S. 419-421 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We now report that prolonged incubation of L cells with the inhibitory steroids diminishes the concentration of cellular desmosterol, results in the reduction or cessation of the growth of the culture, and creates a requirement for an external supply of an appropriate sterol or for a sterol ...
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    Asbestos induces selective release of lysosomal enzymes from mononuclear phagocytes (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 423-425 
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    Notes: [Auszug] It as accepted that the initial event after inhalation of toxic particules such as asbestos is their attachment to and often phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes (MP) in the pulmonary alveoli4. As we consider that MP play a central role in the generation of chronic inflammatory lesions5, we have ...
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    Effect of prostaglandins E 1 , E 2 and F 2α on human blood coagulation (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 430-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The prostaglandins, dissolved in absolute ethanol, were added to samples of the plasma to give a final concentration of 1, 10 and 100 ng ml?1. Each 0.1 ml of plasma contained the equivalent of 1.0 ng of ethanol, which was added to similar samples of plasma during control runs of coagulation tests. ...
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    Control of translation of globin mRNA in embryonic cells (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 436-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Rabbit or mouse globin mRNA is translated into globin when injected into fertilised frog eggs4?6, which differ in several respects from oocytes. Mouse mRNA yields a low, although somewhat variable, ratio of a to ? globin synthesis in eggs and embryos of all stages (Table 1), as it does in oocytes ...
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    Ethnicity is a significant factor in the epidemiology of rubella and Hodgkin's disease (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 441-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our recent study (unpublished) of 61 Caucasians (28 males) with congenital rubella revealed an increased incidence of HL-A antigens 1 and 8 (HL-A1 : c2 = 9.57, P corrected for 25 comparisons (Pc) 〈 0.05; HL-A8: c2=4.40, Pc 〈 0.89), because of the very high occurrence of these antigens in the ...
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    DNA polymerase activity determined by the ultraviolet-protecting plasmid, R-Utrecht (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 432-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The strains used are derivatives of S. typhimurium strain M7471, which is of the 'FIRN' wild-type and differs from LT2 by absence of fimbriae and failure to ferment inositol and rhamnose3. The parent strain, SL4525, has the following genotype: M7471 (ColEl-30) leu-1051 malB479 cyslll73 hisC527 ...
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    Cytophotometric factors causing apparent differences between Feulgen DNA contents of different leukocyte types (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 439-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Air-dried smears of normal adult human blood were fixed in methanol?formalin?acetic acid (80: 10:5) for 1 h at room temperature, washed in running tap water for 60 min, hydrolysed in 5 N HCl at 25 C for 80 min (found in pilot experiments to give maximum staining intensity), rinsed in distilled ...
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    Biological decay of the 5′-triphosphate termini of the RNA of E. coli (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 252 (1974), S. 74-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We followed the decay of 32P-labelled triphosphate termini in cell cultures after rifamycin SV had been added to stop further initiation of RNA synthesis9. Since E. coli is relatively resistant to rifamycin, we used the mutant strain E. coli H-101 (ref. 10), which is sensitive. To determine whether ...
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    Necessity for DDT (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 449-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE number of books on pesticides must by now be big enough to construct a largish pulpit from which to continue the environmental argument over such chemicals in general, and over the chlorinated insecticides, long since cast as the villains of the piece, in particular. To those of us involved in ...
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    Medical meeting (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 451-451 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WITH all the turmoil in research circles following the British government's acceptance of the Rothschild "customer/ contractor" principle of research funding and organisation, this meeting was very timely. Twenty-two speakers from all the major countries in western and eastern Europe except for the ...
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    Please take note (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 251 (1974), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE Professor of Industrial Management at the University of Newcastle has aimed his book at engineers and scientists in industry; there are chapters on how to write specifications, sales literature, contracts, patents and handbooks. But the sections on writing articles and reports, on organising ...
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