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  • sediment
  • 2020-2022  (12)
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  • 1
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    Recycling and Burial of Biogenic Silica in an Open Margin Oxygen Minimum Zone (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: An extensive data set of biogenic silica (BSi) fluxes is presented for the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at 11°S and 12°S. Each transect extends from the shelf to the upper slope (∼1,000 m) and dissects the permanently anoxic waters between ∼200 and 500 m water depth. BSi burial (2,100 mmol m−2 yr−1) and recycling fluxes (3,300 mmol m−2 yr−1) were highest on the shelf with mean preservation efficiencies (34% ± 15%) that exceed the global mean of 10%–20%. BSi preservation was highest on the inner shelf (up to 56%), decreasing to 7% and 12% under anoxic waters and below the OMZ, respectively. The data suggest that the main control on BSi preservation is the rate at which reactive BSi is transported away from undersaturated surface sediments by burial and bioturbation to the underlying saturated sediment layers where BSi dissolution is thermodynamically and/or kinetically inhibited. BSi burial across the entire Peruvian margin between 3°S to 15°S and down to 1,000 m water depth is estimated to be 0.1–0.2 Tmol yr−1; equivalent to 2%–7% of total burial on continental margins. Existing global data permit a simple relationship between BSi rain rate to the seafloor and the accumulation of unaltered BSi, giving the possibility to reconstruct rain rates and primary production from the sediment archive in addition to benthic Si turnover in global models.
    Description: Key Points: Biogenic silica (BSi) preservation is high on the shelf and low under predominantly anoxic bottom waters BSi burial across the Peruvian margin down to 1,000 m water depth accounts for up to 7% of the global burial on continental margins Existing global data permit a simple relationship between BSi accumulation and rain rate
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: 551.9 ; burial ; flux ; oxygen minimum zone ; Peru ; sediment ; silica
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-21
    Description: Radiogenic lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions extracted from authigenic phases in marine sediments are sensitive tracers to reconstruct past ocean circulation and water mass mixing. Chemical reductive leaching of hydrogenetic ferromanganese oxyhydroxides from bulk sediments is the most practical way to recover past seawater Pb and Nd isotope signatures in the Southern Ocean, due to the scarcity of alternative archives. However, the leached signal could be compromised if substantial quantities of Pb and Nd were released from non‐hydrogenetic sediment fractions during chemical extraction. Here we developed a very short 10‐s leaching method to extract reliable seawater Pb and Nd isotope signals from sediments in the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean. The effect of a previously recommended MgCl2 pre‐wash, the role of chelate ligands in the leaching solution and length of leaching time were investigated. The results show that 10‐s exposure time of sediments to reductive leaching extracted sufficient and more reliable hydrogenetic Pb and Nd compared with the commonly used 30‐min leaching approaches. The robustness of our improved leaching method was validated via direct comparison of Pb and Nd isotope signatures with actual seawater, porewater, and corresponding sediment leachates from three stations in front of the Antarctic Filchner‐Rønne Ice Shelf. Our findings also indicate that in contrast previously studied sites on the West Antarctic continental shelf, the bottom seawater Nd concentration is less elevated through benthic fluxes in the area of the southern Weddell Sea shelf.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Individual modern ocean water masses can often be identified by the isotopic signature of dissolved trace metals lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) supplied from surrounding continents. By analyzing past seawater Pb and Nd isotope ratios preserved in the sedimentary archives, we can understand how the ocean circulation changed. In the Southern Ocean, archives preserving past seawater Pb and Nd isotope compositions are very scarce. Thus, the chemical extraction of Pb and Nd from seawater‐derived ferromanganese oxyhydroxides within deep marine sediments becomes the most practical way to recover past seawater signal. However, Southern Ocean sediments commonly contain substantial quantities of Antarctic continental fine‐grained sediment, which easily partially dissolve during extraction, thereby releasing Pb and Nd, which did not originate from past ambient seawater. Here we established a gentle and efficient extraction method to obtain reliable past Southern Ocean seawater signatures. In addition, via analysis of regional seawater‐derived Pb and Nd signatures in the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean, we found that the sediments further away from Antarctica and volcanically active regions are better suited to preserve unaltered seawater Pb and Nd isotope signals, which strongly supports the unique possibility of tracing past water mass sourcing in the Southern Ocean with our analytical approach.
    Description: Key Points: 10‐s reductive leaching is capable of reliably extracting seawater Pb and Nd isotope signals from Southern Ocean sediments. Natural porewater Pb isotopic compositions are analyzed for the first time in front of the Antarctic Filchner‐Rønne Ice Shelf. Identify potential sites for extracting seawater Pb and Nd isotopic signatures from bulk sediments in the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean.
    Description: China Scholarship Council (CSC)
    Keywords: 551.9 ; Fe‐Mn oxyhydroxides ; Nd isotopes ; Pb isotopes ; reductive leaching ; sediment ; Southern Ocean
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  • 3
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    Effect of some environmental factors on the acute toxicity of deltamethrin to common carp: a laboratory study under aerobic condition (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16610 | 12051 | 2015-04-09 12:36:22 | 16610 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The toxicity of xenobiotic in aquatic ecosystems is influenced by many factors such as ambient temperature, water hardness, pond soil type, etc. In the present study, it was observed that air temperature, water hardness and soil sediment have profound influence on the toxicity of deltamethrin to common carp fry (ay. length 3.5 ± 0.5 cm, ay. weight 0.58 ± 0.25 g); 96h LC(sub)50 values for common carp at 38.07 ± 2.20°C maximum and 27.86 ± 1.22°C minimum air temperature in soft and very hard water were 0.102 and 0.495 µg lˉ¹, respectively. This value had increased significantly to 2.37 and 3.02 µg at 30.55 ± 1.21°C maximum and 26.04 ± 0.61°C minimum air temperature, respectively. When sediment was included, 96h LC(sub)50 at 38.07°C maximum temperature in very hard water was 1.808 µg 1ˉ¹ and this had increased to 8.073 µg 1ˉ¹ when tested at 30.55°C maximum temperature. Due to the 7.5°C increase in maximum and 1.7°C in minimum temperature, toxicity increased significantly. Lower toxicity in very hard water in comparison to soft water may be due to the lower solubility of deltarnethrin and high level of calcium. Adsorption reaction of deltamethrin with clay, humus, FeOOH, MnOOH and particulate organic carbon, and complexation reaction with dissolved organic carbon were responsible for the lowered toxicity in the experiment with sediment. Exposure time had no significant effect on acute toxicity of deltamethrin.
    Keywords: Pollution ; deltamethrin ; pesticids ; common carps ; temperature ; water hardness ; sediment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Format: 31-40
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  • 4
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    Copper, zinc, iron and manganese in sediments and in the rock oyster Saccostrea cucullata in Mumbai coast (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/16609 | 12051 | 2015-04-09 12:36:35 | 16609 | Indian Fisheries Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Sediment and oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) samples were collected at Dhanda, a fishing village in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The samples were analysed for copper, zinc, iron and manganese contents. Metal concentrations in the sediments and bioaccumulated levels in oysters were correlated. There is no positive correlation between the total sedimentary levels of metals analysed and the bioaccumulated levels of respective metals in oyster. A positive correlation between the bioavailable fractions of zinc, iron and manganese, and the bioaccumulated levels exists. Copper, however, shows a negative correlation with respect to the bioaccumulated levels.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Saccostrea cucullata ; zinc ; iron ; manganese ; copper ; oyster ; sediment ; Mumbai ; Maharashtra ; India
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 23-29
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  • 5
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    Determination of heavy metal content in commercial marine fish hunted from southeast Aegean Sea (Turkey) and their potential risk for public health (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21770 | 18721 | 2017-11-30 07:25:30 | 21770 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: In this study, heavy metals such as Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb etc. content in liver, muscle and gill of three economical marine species [striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus Linneaus, 1758), two-band bream (Diplodus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) and Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linneaus, 1758)] obtained from 4 stations (Fethiye, Bodrum, Datça, Marmaris) in South Aegean coast were analyzed. After tissues were mineralized with wet-ashing, their heavy metal concentrations were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the findings, sediment samples had more heavy metals than water samples and none of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples exceeded national legal limits. Furthermore it was reported that the accumulation of heavy metal in liver and gill was the highest whereas in muscle the proportion was the lowest. Results showed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals in muscle tissues did not pose a risk in terms of public health in comparison with the international standards.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Pollution ; determination ; heavy metal ; commercial ; marine fish ; potential risk ; public health ; sediment ; water ; common pandora ; two-band Bream ; striped seabream
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-13
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  • 6
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    Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water, sediment and tissues of five sturgeon species in the southern Caspian Sea coastal regions (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21710 | 18721 | 2017-11-27 14:05:19 | 21710 | University of Guilan, Faculty of Natural Resources, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Concentration levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consisting of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine, phenantherene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene were measured in water and sediment samples collected from the southern Caspian Sea coasts at four stations of Noshahr, Freydoonkenar, Sari and Amirabad during autumn, winter and spring of 2005-2006. Also, tissue samples from five sturgeon species including stellate sturgeon, Persian sturgeon, beluga, Russian sturgeon and ship sturgeon were obtained. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography after the extraction process and the obtained data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA analysis at confidence level 95%. The mean concentrations of PAHs in water and sediment samples were 0.004-2.946 mgl-1 and 0.024- 2.336 µg g-1, respectively. No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of PAHs among stations and seasons of the examined samples. Also, mean concentration of PAHs in the liver, muscles,gills, kidney and gonads of five sturgeon species was 0.81-1.34 µgg-1. The results of this study show that the levels of PAHs in water, sediment and sturgeon organs were below the acceptable levels of PAHs proposed by USEPA and WHO.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; determination ; polycyclic ; aromatic ; hydrocarbons ; PAHs ; water ; sediment ; tissues ; sturgeon ; species ; Caspian Sea ; Iran ; naphthalene ; acenaphthylene ; acenaphthene ; fluorine ; phenantherene ; anthracene ; fluoranthene ; pyrene ; benzo ; anthracene ; chrysene ; benzo ; fluoranthene ; benzo ; fluoranthene
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 135-144
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  • 7
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    A preliminary study on the heavy metal levels in Ophelia bicornis (Savigny, 1820) in the Black Sea (2021)
    In:  pjms_ku@yahoo.com | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26603 | 25017 | 2019-06-04 06:54:17 | 26603 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-24
    Description: In the current work, the levels of mercury, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc have been determined in Ophelia bicornis and in sediments collected seasonally from the Sinop coast of the southern Black Sea in 2015. Hg and Pb levels were usually greater in sediment than those in worms. Cd, Cu and Zn levels, however, were higher in the worm samples. Zn had the maximum concentration factor average and Pb displayed the minimum concentration factor value. It may be turned out that O. bicornis has capability to accumulate the heavy metals from the marine ecosystem and it will be used as a bio-monitor species for Cd, Cu and Zn in the Black Sea.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ophelia bicornis ; heavy metals ; sediment ; concentration factor ; the Black Sea.
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 93-100
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  • 8
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    Evaluation of salmon and steelhead spawning habitat quality in the South Fork Trinity River Basin, 1997 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game | Sacramento, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2845 | 8 | 2011-09-29 18:14:52 | 2845 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Sediment sampling was used to evaluate chinook salmon(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) spawning habitat quality in the South Fork Trinity River (SFTR) basin. Sediment samples were collected using a McNeil-type sampler and wet sieved through a series of Tyler screens (25.00 mm, 12.50 mm, 6.30 mm, 3.35 mm, 1.00 mm, and 0.85 mm). Fines (particles 〈 0.85 mm) were determined after a l0-minute settling period in Imhoff cones. Thirteen stations were sampled in the SFTR basin: five stations were located in mainstem SFTR between rk 2.1 and 118.5, 2 stations each were located in EF of the SFTR, Grouse Creek, and Madden Creek, and one station each was located in Eltapom and Hayfork Creeks. Sample means for fines(particles 〈 0.85 mm) fer SFTR stations ranged between14.4 and 19.4%; tributary station sample mean fines ranged between 3.4 and 19.4%. Decreased egg survival would be expected at 4 of 5 mainstem SFTR stations and at one station in EF of SFTR and Grouse Creek where fines content exceed 15%. Small gravel/sand content measured at all stations were high, and exceed levels associated with reduced sac fry emergence rates. Reduction of egg survival or sac fry emergence due to sedimentation in spawning gravels could lead to reduced juvenile production from the South Fork Trinity River.(PDF contains 18 pages.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Earth Sciences ; sediment ; habitat ; chinook salmon ; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; steelhead ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; South Fork Trinity River Basin ; Grouse Creek ; Madden Creek ; Eltapom Creek ; Hayfork Creek
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Effects of macrobenthos on sediment-water oxygen and ammonium fluxes. Final Report. (2021)
    University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2840 | 130 | 2013-11-05 00:16:29 | 2840 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Sediments are an important location in determining the fate of nutrients entering the estuary. Role of sediments needs to be incorporated into water quality models. Purpose of this study was to estimate the portion of sediment oxygen consumption (SOC) and sediment ammonium (NH4+) release directly attributable to benthic invertebrates via the respiratory use of oxygen and catabolic release of ammonium.Samples were collected at 8 locations from August 1985 through November 1988. (PDF contains 45 pages)
    Description: United States Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experimental Station
    Description: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Environment ; macrobenthos ; sediment ; oxygen ; Ammonium ; Fluxes ; respiration rates ; bivalve ; algorithms ; nitrogen excretion rates ; benthic ; macroinvertebrate ; Chesapeake Bay ; nutrients ; phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 10
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    Sediment Properties Drive Spatial Variability of Potential Methane Production and Oxidation in Small Streams (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-14
    Description: Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH4) from streams and rivers are a significant component of global freshwater methane emissions. The distribution of CH4 production and oxidation within stream sections and in vertical sediment profiles is not well understood, and the environmental controls on CH4 production and emission in such systems create a significant challenge for assessing larger-scale dynamics. Here we investigate factors driving the spatial variability of sediment potential methane production (PMP) and potential methane oxidation (PMO) in a temperate stream network in Germany. PMP was highly variable, ranging from 5 × 10−4 to 28.58 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 and PMO ranged from 0.43 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1 to 14.41 μg CH4 gDW−1 d−1. Important drivers of spatial variability of PMP and PMO in the sediments of the stream main-stem were related to fine sediment fraction and organic carbon content. At smaller spatial scale, that is, in a sub-catchment stream section, the drivers were more complex and included sediment nitrogen and organic carbon content, as well as porewater dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic matter quality, and metal concentrations. As with reservoirs and impounded rivers, fine sediment deposition and organic carbon content were found to be key controls on the spatial variability of CH4 production and oxidation. These findings enhance our understanding of CH4 dynamics, improve the potential for identifying CH4 production hotspots in small streams, and provide a potential means for upscaling emission rates in larger-scale assessments.
    Keywords: 551.9 ; carbon cycle ; streams ; methane ; sediment ; porewater ; grain size
    Language: English
    Type: map
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  • 11
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    Distribution of mercury in a tropical estuary (India) situated near a chloro-alkali plant (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/17705 | 17342 | 2015-09-15 09:34:44 | 17705 | University of Karachi. Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: The distribution of mercury in water, sediment and some biological samples of the Rushikulya estuary, east coast of India were assessed during Jan-Dec. 1989. Both the dissolved plus acid leachable mercury contents in water and the sediment mercury discerned conspicuous spatial and seasonal fluctuations. Adsorption on to the suspended particulates was found to be the most likely mechanism for removal of mercury from the water column. Exchange of mercury from sediments to water was observed at high salinities (20-30x10-3). The residual mercury contents in the biological samples revealed that bio-accumulation by bottom-dwelling organisms are higher than the pelagic components.
    Keywords: Environment ; Limnology ; Pollution ; mercury contamination ; water ; sediment ; biotic samples
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 95-105
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  • 12
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    Silicon Isotopes in an EMIC's Ocean: Sensitivity to Runoff, Iron Supply, and Climate (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-10-26
    Description: The isotopic composition of Si in biogenic silica (BSi), such as opal buried in the oceans' sediments, has changed over time. Paleorecords suggest that the isotopic composition, described in terms of δ30Si, was generally much lower during glacial times than today. There is consensus that this variability is attributable to differing environmental conditions at the respective time of BSi production and sedimentation. The detailed links between environmental conditions and the isotopic composition of BSi in the sediments remain, however, poorly constrained. In this study, we explore the effects of a suite of offset boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on the isotopic composition of BSi archived in sediments in an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). Our model results suggest that a change in the isotopic composition of Si supply to the glacial ocean is sufficient to explain the observed overall low(er) glacial δ30Si in BSi. All other processes explored trigger model responses of either wrong sign or magnitude or are inconsistent with a recent estimate of bottom water oxygenation in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Caveats, mainly associated with generic uncertainties in today's pelagic biogeochemical modules, remain.
    Keywords: 551.9 ; 551.9 ; Earth System Model ; silicon isotopes ; Last Glacial Maximum ; biogeochemical modeling ; ocean ; sediment
    Language: English
    Type: map
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