ALBERT

Description: The high-temperature gas-cooled reactor pebble-bed module (HTR-PM) nuclear power plant consists of two nuclear steam supply system modules, each of which drives the steam turbine by the superheated steam flow and is fed by the heated-up water flow. The shared steam/water system induces mutual effects on normal operation conditions and transients of the nuclear power plant, which is worthy of safety concerns and intensive study. In this paper, a coupling code package was developed with the TINTE and vPower codes to understand how the HTR-PM operated. The TINTE code was used to analyze the reactor core and primary circuit, while the vPower code simulated the steam/water flow in the conventional island. Two TINTE models were built and coupled to one vPower model through the data exchange in the steam generator models. Using this code package, two typical transients were simulated by decreasing the primary flow rate or introducing the negative reactivity of one module. Important parameters, including the reactor power, the fuel temperature, and the reactor inlet and outlet helium temperatures of two modules, had been studied. The calculation results preliminarily proved that this code package can be further used to evaluate working performance of the HTR-PM.

Description: The paper presents a conceptual design of a 10 MW multipurpose nuclear research reactor (MPRR) loaded with the low-enriched uranium (LEU) VVR-KN fuel type. Neutronics and burnup calculations have been performed using the REBUS-MCNP6 linkage system code and the ENDF/B-VII.0 data library. The core consists of 36 fuel assemblies: 27 standard fuel assemblies and 9 control fuel assemblies with the uranium density of 2.8 gU/cm3 and the 235U enrichment of 19.75 wt.%. The cycle length of the core is 86 effective full-power days with the excess reactivity of 9600 and 1039 pcm at the beginning of cycle and the end of cycle, respectively. The highest power rate and the highest discharged burnup of fuel assembly are 393.49 kW and 56.74% loss of 235U, respectively. Thermal hydraulics analysis has also been conducted using the PLTEMP4.2 code for evaluating the safety parameters at a steady state of the hottest channel. The maximum temperatures of coolant and fuel cladding are 66.0°C and 83.0°C, respectively. This value is lower than the design limit of 98°C for cladding temperature. Thermal fluxes at the vertical irradiation channels and the horizontal beam ports have been evaluated. The maximum thermal fluxes of 2.5 × 1014 and 8.9 ×1013 n·cm−2·s−1 are found at the neutron trap and the beryllium reflector, respectively.

Description: Although many types of simulated radionuclides have been widely used as a substitute for actual nuclear waste in the studies of nuclear waste solidification, the understanding of the applicability and validity of simulated radionuclides is still insufficient. In particular, the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, which can play a decisive role in the accuracy of the experimental results, still lack unified or integrated references. This paper provides a critical review on the selection, experimental methods, and applicability of the most commonly studied simulated radionuclides, followed by a careful discussion and recommendation of simulated radionuclides suitable for different solidified bodies. The main factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and atmosphere) affecting the choice of simulated radionuclides were analyzed in detail. This work helps to integrate the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, and it will be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of nuclide solidification research.

Description: The thermal hydraulic and neutronics coupling analysis is an important part of the high-fidelity simulation for nuclear reactor core. In this paper, a thermal hydraulic and neutronics coupling method was proposed for the plate type fuel reactor core based on the Fluent and Monte Carlo code. The coupling interface module was developed using the User Defined Function (UDF) in Fluent. The three-dimensional thermal hydraulic model and reactor core physics model were established using Fluent and Monte Carlo code for a typical plate type fuel assembly, respectively. Then, the thermal hydraulic and neutronics coupling analysis was performed using the developed coupling code. The simulation results with coupling and noncoupling analysis methods were compared to demonstrate the feasibility of coupling code, and it shows that the accuracy of the proposed coupling method is higher than that of the traditional method. Finally, the fuel assembly blockage accident was studied based on the coupling code. Under the inlet 30% blocked conditions, the maximum coolant temperature would increase around 20°C, while the maximum fuel temperature rises about 30°C. The developed coupling method provides an effective way for the plate type fuel reactor core high-fidelity analysis.

Description: The influences of doping amounts of TiO2 on the structure and electrical properties of In2O3 films were experimentally studied. In this study, titanium-doped indium oxide (ITiO) conductions were deposited on glass substrate by the dual-target-type radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFS) system under different conditions of Ti-doped In2O3 targets, from Ti-0.5 wt% to Ti-5.0 wt%, along with 10 mTorr and 300 W pressure of RF power control that was used as a cost-effective transparent electrochemiluminescence (ECL) cell. From this process, the correlation between structural, optical, and electrical properties is reported. It was found that the best 1.14×10−4 Ω cm of resistivity was from Ti-2.5 wt% with the highest carrier concentration (1.15 × 1021 cm-3), Hall mobility (46.03 cm2/V·s), relatively transmittance (82%), and ECL efficiency (0.43 lm·W-1) with well crystalline structured and smooth morphology. As a result, researchers can be responsible for preparing ITiO thin films with significantly improved microstructure and light intensity performance for the effectiveness of the display devices, as well as its simple process and high performance.

Description: Electric valves have significant importance in industrial applications, especially in nuclear power plants. Keeping in view the quantity and criticality of valves in any plant, it is necessary to analyze the degradation of electric valves. However, it is difficult to inspect each valve in conventional maintenance. Keeping in view the quantity and criticality of valves in any plant, it is necessary to analyze the degradation of electric valves. Thus, there exists a genuine demand for remote sensing of a valve condition through nonintrusive methods as well as prediction of its remaining useful life (RUL). In this paper, typical aging modes have been summarized. The data for sensing valve conditions were gathered during aging experiments through acoustic emission sensors. During data processing, convolution kernel integrated with LSTM is utilized for feature extraction. Subsequently, LSTM which has an excellent ability in sequential analysis is used for predicting RUL. Experiments show that the proposed method could predict RUL more accurately compared to other typical machine learning and deep learning methods. This will further enhance maintenance efficiency of any plant.

Description: The geometries, adsorption energies, and electronic structures of Cs, Sr, and Ag atoms on matrix graphite surface with point defects were calculated and analyzed using the density functional theory (DFT) and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) formulation of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Three different types of point defects, i.e., single vacancy and “bridge” and “spiro” interstitials are considered using approximate van der Waals (vdW) correction methods. The results of adsorption energies show that the metal fission products of Cs, Sr, and Ag are more stable on single vacancy defects than “bridge” or “spiro” interstitial defects. This is further confirmed by the analysis of electronic structures, such as charge density difference (CDD) and density of state (DOS). All these results indicate that dangling bonds play an important role in the adsorption behaviors of metallic fission products on matrix graphite.

Description: A rapid decarbonisation of power systems is underway in order to limit greenhouse gas emissions and meet carbon-reduction targets. Renewable energy is a key ingredient to meet these targets; however, it is important that national power systems still maintain energy security with increasing levels of renewable penetration. The operating potential of renewable generation at times of peak demand (a critical time for power system stress) is not well understood. This study therefore uses a multidecadal dataset of national demand, wind power, and solar power generation to identify the meteorological conditions when peak demand occurs and the contribution of renewables during these events. Wintertime European peak power demand events are associated with high atmospheric pressure over Russia and Scandinavia and are accompanied by lower than average air temperatures and average wind speeds across Europe. When considering power demand extremes net of renewable power production, the associated meteorological conditions are shown to change. There is considerable spatial variability in the dates of national peak demand events and the amount of renewable generation present. Growth in renewable generation has the potential to reduce peak demands. However, these impacts are also not uniform with much larger reductions in peak demand seen in Spain than in central Europe. The reanalysis-derived energy models have allowed recent peak demand events to be put into a long-term context.

Description: This research article discloses how a uniquely structured fuel additive can easily be mixed with commercially available diesel fuel to produce an extremely stable nanoemulsion fuel. Even when using an ultralow dose (125 ppm), the additive still creates a large and catalytically active surface area using billions of nanosized water droplets (4 nanometers). No metallic or organometallic compounds were used. When used in heavy duty diesel engines, treated fuel significantly improves vehicle fuel economy. Extensive verification testing was carried out using multiple fleets of heavy duty diesel trucks operating for up to two years under “real-world” driving conditions. Testing used 538 heavy duty trucks and 15 different vehicle fleets. Test vehicles used 475,000 litres of treated fuel and covered a total of 14 million kilometres. Fleet testing was supervised by one of the premier European testing agencies (TNO Quality Services BV). Raw fuel economy data was collected and analyzed by an independent consulting agency andd showed a combined average weighted fuel savings of 9.7%. Diesel engine CO2 emissions are one of the many contributory causes of global warming. Unfortunately, new engine fuel economy technologies can take 10 years to have a 50% impact (typically 5% per year, as older vehicles are slowly replaced with new models). However, using the additive would immediately improve the combustion properties of fuel being used in these vehicles with the potential to reach up to 90% of the entire diesel vehicle population within about 60 days.

Description: Energy shortage is the main problem while preparing food at the university in Ethiopia. Baking of injera consumes a lot of firewood due to the nature of baking mitad and layout of the system. The daily average firewood consumption is 8600 kg which is equivalent to 790.3 m3 of gas. In this study, an investigation of energy yield from food waste is examined by assessing the daily waste generation rate from the university student cafeteria and configuring the baking stove (mitad) that utilizes biogas energy. CFD is used to investigate the performance and heat distribution of baking mitad. In the study, the measured average daily biodegradable food waste and kitchen waste generation rate in the campus is around 863 kg/day. The conversion of this food waste using the anaerobic digestion system yields 43.2 m3 biogas per day. Utilizing the daily biogas generated for baking injera improves the overall food making process and reduces firewood consumption by 5.4%. This biogas energy yield is considered to be utilized for baking injera in the kitchen. The designed biogas mitad (stove) does not generate smoke due to the type of fuel used and configuration of baking mitad. Furthermore, the stove has an insulation mechanism considered to conserve the heat loss to the surrounding. Generally, the utilization of the biogas system and integration of the biogas injera baking stove will improve the overall food processing mechanism in the university.

Description: Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems are most widely used renewable energy technologies. Theoretical study indicates that the energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic gets reduced about 0.3% when its temperature increases by 1°C. In this regard, solar PV and thermal (PVT) hybrid systems could be a solution to draw extra heat from the solar PV panel to improve its performance by reducing its temperature. Here, we have designed a new type of heat exchanger for solar PV and thermal (PVT) hybrid systems and have studied the performance of the system. The PVT system has been investigated in comparison with an identical solar PV panel at outdoor condition at Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiments show that the average improvement of open circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.97 V and the highest improvement of Voc is 1.3 V. In addition, the overall improvement of output power of solar PV panel is 2.5 W.

Description: The presence of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and trace impurities in biogas affect its caloric value as well as causes corrosion and is extremely toxic. There are various methods in existence for removal of these impurities, but most are chemically based and expensive and are limited in use. In our work, cryptogams (moss) integrated with soil and biochar packed in a filter have been employed for simultaneous removal of CO2, H2S, and NH3, from biogas. Different soil types rich in metallic oxides at different masses of 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g with a fixed mass of moss and biochar were tested in an on-site experiment to determine the removal efficiency (RE) and sorption capacity (SC). The adsorption dynamics of the filters were investigated at two flow rates, 80 ml/min and 100 ml/min, by determining removal efficiency. For the contribution of each substrate, sorption capacity and breakthrough time were determined by considering 5 g of each substrate that made up the filter. The soils with a high content of extractable cations showed excellent adsorption capacity for H2S by about 20 g S/100 g, which was higher than other adsorbents tested. It was found that integrated biofilter made up of bed arrangement of the soil, biochar, and moss plant improved the quality of biogas with SC of 11 g S and RE of 93% for H2S, 72% for NH3, and 68% for CO2.

Description: Though the solar photovoltaic (PV) module is used for power production, it usually works at high temperatures, decreasing its efficiency and therefore its output. So if an effective cooling method is to be implemented, it would reduce the heat from the solar PV module and increase its power production. Significant research in water cooling on both top and bottom surfaces of the PV module widen the scope for uniform cooling with constant module temperature throughout at any instant. In this work, uniform flow is maintained by means of overflow water from a tank fitted on the top of the PV module. Experiments were carried out with and without cooling. Performance parameters in terms of power output and efficiency have been presented for the PV module without cooling and cooling with three different mass flow rates. The results show that there is a significant rise in efficiency of the PV module by reducing its temperature. An accelerated output power of 23 W has been observed for a higher mass flow rate of 5.3 kg/min which is 15% higher than the photovoltaic module operating without cooling. Results were compared with previous researchers’ work and found to be a good enhancement. Theoretical results agree well with experiments.

Description: Electrorefining is a key step in pyroprocessing. The solid cathode processing is necessary to separate the salt from the cathode of the electrorefiner since the uranium deposit in a solid cathode contains electrolyte salt. Moreover, it is very important to increase the throughput of the salt separation system due to the high uranium content of the spent nuclear fuel and high salt fraction of uranium dendrites. Therefore, in this study, the effect of deposit on the evaporation of the adhered salt in a uranium deposit was investigated by using the samples of salt in the uranium deposit and salt in the deposit of the surrogate material for the effective separation of the salt. It was found that the salt evaporation rate is dependent on the deposit type and bulk density in the crucible. Additionally, the evaporation rate was found to be lower when the deposit structure is complex; the rate also decreases as the bulk density of the deposit is increased owing to the retardation of the salt vapour transport process. It was concluded that the mass transfer of the salt vapour is an important parameter for the achievement of a high throughput performance in the salt distillation process.

Description: We intend to report an interesting phenomenon related to the different interfacial transfer processes between ellipsoidal-like ZnO (E-ZnO) and rod-like ZnO (R-ZnO) nanoheterojunctions witness by the nanosecond time-resolved transient photoluminescence (NTRT-PL) spectra. Fristly, E-ZnO and R-ZnO nanoarchitectures were fabricated via facilitating the electrochemical route; and then, they decorated it with dispersed Au nanoparticles (NPs) by the methods of ion-sputtering deposition, constituting Au/E-ZnO and Au/R-ZnO Schottky-heterojunction nanocomplex, which is characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman analysis, and UV-vis absorption spectra. Steady-state photoluminescence and NTRT-PL spectra of as-fabricated Au/E-ZnO and Au/R-ZnO nanocomposites were probed for interfacial charge transfer process under 266 nm femtosecond (fs) light irradiation. Simultaneously, a distinct diversification for the NTRT-PL spectra is observed, closely associating with oxygen vacancies (Vo), which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. Furthermore, Au NPs act as an “annular bridge” and “transit depot” for interfacial charge transfer through local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and Schottky barrier, respectively, which is identified by NTRT-PL and time-resolved PL (TRPL) decay spectrum. Moreover, this mechanism is responsible for the enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances of methyl orange (MO) photodegradation under UV light irradiation.

Description: 〈p〉In 2019, markets focused on China’s slowing GDP growth and on the trade war with the US. In the meantime, bilateral relations soured, highlighting the structural nature of competition between the US and China with the Trump administration working, for example, to limit Huawei’s role in Western telecom networks. Washington’s ‘zero tolerance’ campaign on Iran […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/china-key-themes-for-2020/"〉China: Key Themes for 2020〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Entering the 2020s, LNG sellers are operating in an increasingly oversupplied global market, thus facing the problems of whether and where they will be able to ‘find a home’ for their cargoes. Given that the EU is the only liquid gas market with regulated third party access (TPA) to LNG import terminals, the sellers will […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/finding-a-home-for-global-lng-in-europe-understanding-the-complexity-of-access-rules-for-eu-import-terminals/"〉‘Finding a home’ for global LNG in Europe: understanding the complexity of access rules for EU import terminals〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉With the market having shrugged off the latest escalation between the United States and Iran, some of the aftershocks of recent events have heightened the risk of future US-Iran rivalry playing out in Iraq – OPEC’s second largest producer and a key source of oil supply growth out to 2030. Next month’s decision by Washington […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-soleimani-effect-a-game-changer-for-iraqi-crude-dynamics/"〉The Soleimani Effect: A Game-Changer for Iraqi Crude Dynamics?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Gazprom has dominated the Russian gas industry. However, the markets in which it operates have changed dramatically, with the company increasingly being challenged at home and abroad. The Globalization of Russian Gas analyses the involvement of the Russian gas industry in the changing international gas market and the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-globalisation-of-russian-gas-political-and-commercial-catalysts/"〉The Globalisation of Russian Gas: Political and Commercial Catalysts〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: Correct extraction of the equivalent circuit model parameters of photovoltaic modules is of great significance for power prediction, fault diagnosis, and system optimization of photovoltaic power generation systems. Although there are many methods developed to extract the equivalent circuit model parameters of the photovoltaic module, it is still challenging to ensure the stability and operational efficiency of the extract method. In order to effectively extract the parameters of photovoltaic modules, this paper proposes a hybrid algorithm combining analytical methods and differential evolution algorithms for the extraction parameters of PV module. Firstly, the analytical method is applied to simplify the equivalent circuit model and improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Then, the adaptive algorithm is used to adjust the parameters of the differential evolution algorithm. Through the algorithm proposed in this paper, the parameters of the equivalent circuit model of the photovoltaic module can be extracted by the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power point current and voltage provided by the manufacturer. The proposed method is applied to the extraction of the parameters of the dual-diode equivalent circuit model of different types of photovoltaic modules. The reliability and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparison and analysis.

Description: This paper focuses on fluid forces acting on a confined cylinder subjected to axial flow in application to fuel assembly dynamic behavior. From the literature, it is difficult to estimate the damping induced by the flow. Therefore, it is proposed to study numerically the damping fluid forces on a cylinder for various parameters. It has been observed that it increases with the smaller confinement and with the presence of an obstacle and decreases when the Reynolds number increases. Larger values correspond to a greater contribution of pressure forces. Dynamic simulations are compared to the steady ones and give different values, but the order of magnitude and general trend remain the same. Therefore, steady simulations are suitable to have a rough estimation of drag coefficients in dynamics.

Description: Chad is like many African countries with no meteorological station at the moment to measure solar radiation throughout the country. Thus, theoretical models are used to estimate incident solar radiation. These models are established in correlation form. Our objective was to present a model, which allows the determination of the solar component on two surfaces (horizontal and inclined). This model allowed us to determine, over time, the component of global, direct, and diffuse solar radiation over a period that will cover the different seasons of the year. The calculation is done according to Klein’s days over all the months of the year. The hourly results of the global, direct, and diffuse radiation obtained for all the planes going from January to December are satisfactory compared to the results of the other authors quoted in the literature, which give the maximum and minimum values very close to theirs. These results allowed us to validate the applicability of this model in a climate other than the desert climate.

Description: 〈p〉In this latest OIES podcast David Ledesma discusses the challenges of scaling up renewable gas in Europe with Martin Lambert, who recently co-authored a paper on the subject with Gbemi Oluleye from the Sustainable Gas Institute (SGI) at Imperial College, London. Recent reports have made very ambitious claims of the volume of low- and zero-carbon […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/a-mountain-to-climb-scaling-up-renewable-gas-in-europe/"〉A mountain to climb: Scaling Up Renewable Gas in Europe〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/34.-Martin-Lambert-and-David-Ledesma.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/34.-Martin-Lambert-and-David-Ledesma.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This paper argues that MENA resource-rich economies must go beyond simply replicating the “standard model” of electricity market liberalisation. They need to not only adapt the standard model to their unique contexts but also integrate it with other elements of their energy systems through harnessing complementarities between existing policies. The integrated model therefore includes additional […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/34354/"〉An integrated approach to electricity sector reforms in the resource rich economies of the MENA〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: Bifacial solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskite are fabricated with a laminating process. The structure of the devices is ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/NiO/ITO, in which both electrodes are the transparent ITO layer. Therefore, the device can receive light from both sides. By laminating the two half-devices, ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3/NiO/ITO, at high temperature with pressure, the merging of the middle perovskite layers is enhanced. The optimized bifacial PSCs show a Voc of 0.85 V, FF of 0.58, Jsc of 17.53 mA/cm2, and PCE of 8.47%. The photovoltaic performance varies when the light is illuminated from different sides of the bifacial PSCs. With illumination from the SnO2 side, the Voc and Jsc of the PSCs are apparently higher than those from the NiO side, suggesting more severe electron-hole recombination at the NiO/perovskite interface than at the SnO2/perovskite interface.

Description: The performance of seventeen sunshine-duration-based models has been assessed using data from seven meteorological stations in Croatia. Conventional statistical indicators are used as numerical indicators of the model performance: mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias error (MBE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE). The ranking of the models was done using the combination of all these parameters, all having equal weights. The Rietveld model was found to perform the best overall, followed by Soler and Dogniaux-Lemoine monthly dependent models. For three best-performing models, new adjusted coefficients are calculated, and they are validated using separate dataset. Only the Dogniaux-Lemoine model performed better with adjusted coefficients, but across all analysed locations, the adjusted models showed improvement in reduced maximum percentage error.

Description: The aluminized layer of 321 stainless steel was treated by laser shock processing (LSP). The effects of constituent distribution and microstructure change of the aluminized layer in 321 stainless steel on creep performance at high temperature were investigated. SEM and EDS results reveal that aluminized coating is mainly composed of an Al2O3 outer layer, the transition layer of the Fe-Al phase, and the diffusion layer. Additionally, LSP conducted on coating surface not only improves the density of the layer structure, resulting in an increment on the bonding strength of both infiltration layer and substrate, but also leaves higher residual compressive stress in the aluminized layer which improves its creep life effectively. Experimental results indicate that the microhardness of the laser-shocked region is improved strongly by the refined grains and the reconstruction of microstructures. Meanwhile, the roughness and microhardness of aluminized steel are found to increase with the laser impact times. On the other hand, the intermetallic layers, whose microstructure is stable enough to inhibit crack initiation, reinforce strength greatly. The anticreep life of aluminized sample with three times LSP was increased by 232.1% as compared to aluminized steel, which could attribute to the increased dislocation density in the peened sample as well as the decrease of creep voids in size and density.

Description: Radiation-induced defects are responsible for solar cell degradation. The effects of radiation and annealing on the defects of a GaAs/Ge solar cell are modeled and analyzed in this paper. The electrical performance and spectral response of solar cells irradiated with 150 keV proton are examined. Then, thermal annealing was carried out at 120°C. We found that the proportion of defect recovery after annealing decreases with increasing irradiation fluence. The minority carrier lifetime increases with decreasing defect concentration, which means that the electrical performance of the solar cell is improved. We calculated the defect concentration and minority carrier lifetime with numerical simulation and modeled an improved annealing kinetic equation with experimental results.

Description: 〈p〉The UK Government’s net-zero carbon objective has stimulated thinking about the technical options for decarbonizing heat. Less attention has been paid to the policy challenges the goal involves, and in particular the need for a system-wide approach to policy making. This would require a fundamental change in the Government’s policy paradigm and the use of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/energy-systems-thinking-and-the-decarbonization-of-heat-in-the-uk/"〉Energy systems thinking and the decarbonization of heat in the UK〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Markets continue to grapple with the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on China’s economic growth and demand for commodities. But given that China is now at the heart of global manufacturing supply chains—which in turn fuel demand for petrochemicals—the coronavirus outbreak and the ensuing collapse in economic activity are weighing on both a large importer […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-coronavirus-petrochemicals-perfect-storm/"〉The coronavirus: petrochemicals’ perfect storm〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks with Peter Findlay, OIES Research Associate, about what makes Canada competitive and uncompetitive for further LNG development. In the first half of the past decade, Canada was a hotspot for LNG proponents — over 20 liquefaction projects were proposed, primarily off Canada’s West Coast in the province of British […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/canadian-lng-competitiveness-2/"〉Canadian LNG Competitiveness〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Podcast-35-Peter-Findlay-and-David-Ledesma.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Podcast-35-Peter-Findlay-and-David-Ledesma.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a strategy that allows imposing the PV array operation point on the maximum power point (MPP) or close to it under any environmental condition. The conventional incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is the most popular algorithm. But due to the fixed step size, its response speed is low under the rapid change of the solar irradiation level or load resistance. In this paper, a new MPPT technique is proposed to enhance the response speed. It consists of two stages: (1) the computing stage and (2) the regulating stage. The computing stage includes the coarse positioning operation and fine positioning operation. And an initial value of the duty cycle is generated in the computing stage, according to the characteristics of the DC-DC converter and the characteristics of the curve. The regulating stage regulates the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter with a small step size, which can improve the tracking efficiency. And the computing stage can enhance the response speed. A simulation comparison of the proposed MPPT technique with other techniques is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink under different scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the response of the proposed algorithm is 4.6 times faster than that of the INC under these scenarios, and the proposed algorithm has higher efficiency.

Description: Improving the performance of pool boiling with critical heat flux of pool boiling and enhancing the coefficient of heat transfer through surface modification technique have gained a lot of attention. These surface modifications can be done at different scales using various techniques. However, along with the performance improvement, the durability and stability of the surface modification are very crucial. Laser machining is an attractive option in this aspect and is gaining a lot of attention. In the present experimentation research work, pool boiling attributed performance of copper-grooved surfaces obtained through picosecond laser machining method is investigated. The performance of the modified surfaces was compared with the plain surface serving as reference. In this, three square grooved patterns with the same pitch (100 μm) and width (100 μm) but different depths (30, 70, and 100 μm) were investigated. Different depths were obtained by varying the scanning speed of the laser machine. In addition to the microchannel effect, the grain structuring during the laser machining process creates additional nucleation sites which has proven its effectiveness in improving the pool boiling performance. In all aspects, the pool boiling performance of the grooved laser-textured surface has showed increased surface characterisation as compared with the surface of copper.

Description: For nuclear reactor physics, uncertainties in the multigroup cross sections inevitably exist, and these uncertainties are considered as the most significant uncertainty source. Based on the home-developed 3D high-fidelity neutron transport code HNET, the perturbation theory was used to directly calculate the sensitivity coefficient of keff to the multigroup cross sections, and a reasonable relative covariance matrix with a specific energy group structure was generated directly from the evaluated covariance data by using the transforming method. Then, the “Sandwich Rule” was applied to quantify the uncertainty of keff. Based on these methods, a new SU module in HNET was developed to directly quantify the keff uncertainty with one-step deterministic transport methods. To verify the accuracy of the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of HNET, an infinite-medium problem and the 2D pin-cell problem were used to perform SU analysis, and the numerical results demonstrate that acceptable accuracy of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the HNET are achievable. Finally, keff SU analysis of a 3D minicore was analyzed by using the HNET, and some important conclusions were also drawn from the numerical results.

Description: Many experiments have been done by authors to study the influence of the natural ventilation through openings on fire behaviour in compartments. It has been revealed that fire will be influenced by the size of existing openings which can be an open window, an open door, or both of them. Concerning the last case, the literature does not give any information about the impact of the arrangement of these openings on the behaviour of fire. The present paper aims then to carry out a comparative study of the disposition of the window compared to the door, on the behaviour of fire in a compartment. To achieve that objective, fire experiments were conducted in a reduced scale room of ​​dimensions 1.20 m  1.20 m  1.02 m, which can be modulated into two configurations. The first one named “PFC configuration” is the case where the open door and the open window are in nonopposite walls. The second one named “PFO configuration” is the case where these both openings are in opposite walls. After having performed several fire tests in both configurations using the same amount of diesel fuel as fire source, results revealed that the fuel burns faster in the PFC configuration compared to that in the PFO configuration. This is due to a global mass loss rate of against, respectively. Beyond a difference of 20°C observed on the maximal temperature of burned gases located at ceiling, results also revealed the production of ghosting flames in the PFO configuration.

Description: In Belgium, and many other countries, rooftop solar panels are becoming a ubiquitous form of decentralised energy production. The increasing share of these distributed installations however imposes many challenges on the operators of the low-voltage distribution grid. They must keep the voltage levels and voltage balance on their grids in check and are often regulatory required to provide sufficient reception capacity for new power producing installations. By placing solar panels in different inclinations and azimuth angles, power production profiles can possibly be shifted to align more with residential power consumption profiles. In this article, it is investigated if the orientation of solar panels can have a mitigating impact on the integration problems on residential low voltage distribution grids. An improved simulation model of a solar panel installation is constructed, which is used to simulate the impact on a residential distribution grid. To stay as close to real-life conditions as possible, real irradiation data and a model of an existing grid are used. Both the developed model as the results on grid impact are evaluated.

Description: As an important chemical raw material, ammonia is mainly produced by the traditional Haber-Bosch process, which has certain limitations such as high energy consumption, high safety responsibility, and severe pollution, thereby having negative impacts on ecosystem. The synthesis of ammonia from dinitrogen at ambient temperature and pressure is one of the most attractive topics in the field of chemistry. As a new two-dimensional nanomaterial, MXene has excellent electrochemical properties and is a potential catalytic material for electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation. In this review, we firstly introduce the crystal, electronic structures of two-dimensional MXenes and summarize the synthesis methods, N2 reduction, and simulation computation, as well as have insight into the challenges of MXenes, which shed light on the development of highly efficient MXene-based electrocatalysts in the reduction of N2 to ammonia.

Description: 〈p〉Gas market liberalisation is at an early stage in Malaysia. Not all of the legal and regulatory framework for third-party access (TPA) was in place at the end of 2019, and there had been no new entrants. Using stakeholder analysis, this paper analyses obstacles to the development of a liberalised and competitive gas market, specifically […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/gas-industry-reform-and-the-evolution-of-a-competitive-gas-market-in-malaysia/"〉Gas Industry Reform and the Evolution of a Competitive Gas Market in Malaysia〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma interviews Michal Meidan, director of the China Energy Research Programme about the key takeaways from the programme’s inaugural ‘China Day’ workshop on ‘Geopolitical shifts and China’s energy policy priorities’. The workshop brings together programme sponsors alongside a number of experts to discuss some of the key trends in China and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/geopolitical-shifts-and-chinas-energy-policy-priorities-2/"〉Geopolitical shifts and China’s energy policy priorities〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Podcast-39-Michal-Meidan-and-David-Ledesma.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Podcast-39-Michal-Meidan-and-David-Ledesma.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In early February 2020, China’s largest LNG importer invoked force majeure on cargoes. A month later, PetroChina followed suit, issuing force majeure notices on LNG and pipeline deliveries. The fall in domestic demand and logistical challenges at ports due to the COVID-19 response promoted the notices, weighing on an LNG market that is already struggling with weak […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/force-majeure-notices-from-chinese-lng-buyers-prelude-to-a-renegotiation-2/"〉Force majeure notices from Chinese LNG buyers: prelude to a renegotiation?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This Comment analyses how the various oil benchmarks are coping with the unprecedented shock hitting the oil market. The collapse of the futures May WTI price and the negative pricing on April 20 epitomizes the extent of the stresses in the oil system but also exposes the vulnerabilities of some of the oil benchmarks to […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-benchmarks-under-stress/"〉Oil Benchmarks Under Stress〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Electricity consumers are critical to the success of decarbonization. The decisions they make – behind their electricity meters – could fundamentally change the energy sector. In this Podcast, David Ledesma discusses with David Robinson, Senior Research Fellow at the OIES, how ‘behind the meter’ generation will be important to the decarbonisation of the electricity sector. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/prices-behind-the-meter-efficient-economic-signals-to-support-decarbonization-2/"〉Prices behind the meter: efficient economic signals to support decarbonization〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Podcast-41-Prices-Behind-the-Meter-David-Robinson-and-David-Ledesma.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Podcast-41-Prices-Behind-the-Meter-David-Robinson-and-David-Ledesma.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Oil and gas markets seem similar, but have become progressively different over the past several decades. Natural monopoly and cyclical booms and busts are common features of their histories. But oil has been a liberalised global market based on regional and global benchmark prices for several decades, while natural gas market liberalisation and a move […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/a-comparative-history-of-oil-and-gas-markets-and-prices-is-2020-just-an-extreme-cyclical-event-or-an-acceleration-of-the-energy-transition/"〉A Comparative History of Oil and Gas Markets and Prices: is 2020 just an extreme cyclical event or an acceleration of the energy transition?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉After almost two months of a government-mandated lockdown to stem the spread of COVID-19, China is now gradually returning to work. With expectations of a looming government stimulus, all eyes are on China to support the recovery in oil markets. But China’s crude buying or oil demand may not be as strong as some are […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-rocky-road-to-recovery/"〉China’s rocky road to recovery〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast James Henderson discusses the impact of the OPEC+ meeting and the Covid-19 pandemic on global oil markets with Bassam Fattouh and Vitaly Yermakov. The discussion covers the fundamental supply and demand balance in the oil market, assessing the huge demand shock caused by the lock-down in many major economies and also […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-impact-of-the-opec-meeting-and-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-global-oil-markets/"〉The impact of the OPEC+ meeting and the Covid-19 pandemic on global oil markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Podcast-41-Impact-of-OPEC-meeting-and-COVID-19-on-global-oil-markets.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Podcast-41-Impact-of-OPEC-meeting-and-COVID-19-on-global-oil-markets.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This podcast is a discussion between David Ledesma and James Henderson on the key conclusions from the recent Natural Gas Research Programme’s Spring Sponsors’ meeting, which was held as a series of 7 webinars over two days in early April. The key topics discussed included: the short-term gas market outlook and the potential for storage […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/short-term-weakness-long-term-uncertainties-key-messages-from-the-oies-gas-research-programmes-spring-sponsors-meeting/"〉Short-term weakness, long-term uncertainties – Key messages from the OIES Gas Research Programme’s Spring Sponsors’ Meeting〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/40-James-Henderson-and-David-Ledesma.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/40-James-Henderson-and-David-Ledesma.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Russia and Saudi Arabia have approved a production cut of 2.5 mb/d each from an agreed level of 11mb/d. However, there is some uncertainty about what this means exactly for Russia. Recent production of total liquids has been 11.3 mb/d, implying that the cut could actually be 2.8mb/d. However, this includes a significant amount of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-new-deal-for-oil-markets-implications-for-russias-short-term-tactics-and-long-term-strategy/"〉The New Deal for Oil Markets: implications for Russia’s short-term tactics and long-term strategy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson talks with Vitaly Yermakov about his new paper on the Russia-Poland gas relationship and its changing dynamics. It discusses the evolution of the Russia-Poland gas relationship, identifies the problems that have emerged, and assesses the opportunities and the risks for both sides stemming from the end of the long-term transit […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-russia-poland-gas-relationship/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Russia-Poland gas relationship〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Russia-Poland-gas-relationship-Vitaly-Yermakov.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Russia-Poland-gas-relationship-Vitaly-Yermakov.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Even before the arrival of Covid-19, the pricing mechanisms available for the multi-billion-dollar East of Suez crude trading market were already in flux. From Saudi Aramco’s decision to adjust its Asia pricing formulae in 2018 to Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) announcing the launch of a new crude futures contract (Murban futures) late last […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/middle-east-benchmark-pricing-and-the-oil-crisis/"〉Middle East Benchmark Pricing and the Oil Crisis〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉A combination of unprecedented demand and supply shocks are testing the oil market and its physical infrastructure to the limits. While the sharp fall in the futures price of benchmarks such as Brent and WTI over the last few weeks reflects the severity of the crisis, the recent movements in price levels and their volatility […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/shocks-and-differentials-how-are-the-oil-markets-coping/"〉Shocks and Differentials: How are the oil markets coping?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This Energy Insight examines the current regulatory framework and challenges facing the natural gas industry (producers, transporters, suppliers and consumers) during the transition to a zero-carbon economy.  The EU has declared its intention to be climate neutral by 2050, which means that the current level of natural gas usage will no longer be possible. However […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/can-the-current-eu-regulatory-framework-deliver-decarbonisation-of-gas/"〉Can the current EU regulatory framework deliver decarbonisation of gas?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This document summarises seven key takeaways from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies’ third workshop on the impact of disruptive change in the transport sector, titled ‘EV Uptake in the Transport Fleet: Consumer Choice, Policy Incentives and Consumer-Centric Business Models’, held late last year. Participants included experts from the electricity, oil, auto, mobility, finance and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/ev-uptake-in-the-transport-fleet-consumer-choice-policy-incentives-and-consumer-centric-business-models/"〉EV Uptake in the Transport Fleet: Consumer Choice, Policy Incentives and Consumer-Centric Business Models〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Interest in hydrogen as one route to the decarbonisation of energy systems has risen rapidly over the past few years, with the publication of a number of hydrogen strategies from countries across the global energy economy. The momentum in Europe has increased sharply this month with the publication of an EU strategy to incorporate hydrogen […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/eu-hydrogen-strategy-a-case-for-urgent-action-towards-implementation/"〉EU Hydrogen Strategy – A case for urgent action towards implementation〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma discusses the prospects for Central Asian natural gas production and exports in the 2020s with Simon Pirani, Senior Research Fellow at OIES, who has just published a research paper on this subject. Central Asian exports to China were 47 bcm in 2018, compared with 16 bcm to Russia. Exports to […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-central-asian-gas/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Central Asian Gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-46-Simon-Pirani-Central-Asia-Gas.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-46-Simon-Pirani-Central-Asia-Gas.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Growing gas demand, stagnant/declining indigenous supply, the expiration of Gazprom’s long-term transit contract on 17 May 2020 and the approaching end of the long-term gas import contract with Russia in 2022, along with a planned switch to alternative deliveries of LNG and Norwegian pipeline gas, are creating multiple challenges for Polish energy decision-makers. An important […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/russia-poland-gas-relationship-risks-and-uncertainties-of-the-ever-after/"〉Russia-Poland gas relationship: risks and uncertainties of the ever after〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses with James Henderson, Jonathan Stern and Mike Fulwood the OIES’s latest Quarterly Report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent global economic crisis on the global gas market. They examine the link between gas demand and GDP overall, before discussing the immediate impact of the crisis […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-impact-of-covid-19-on-global-gas-markets/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Impact of COVID-19 on Global Gas Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-Podcast.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/COVID-19-Podcast.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉With the increasing likelihood of European gas storage hitting ‘tank tops’ by the end of summer 2020, Ukrainian storage facilities could ease the European storage shortage. A combination of substantial storage capacity, discounted tariffs for transporting gas to the storage facilities, the storage of gas in a ‘customs warehouse’ free of customs duties, and the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/european-gas-storage-backhaul-helps-open-the-ukrainian-safety-valve/"〉European gas storage: backhaul helps open the Ukrainian safety valve〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Decarbonisation of oil and gas – is it still a relevant topic when the business environment is changing so quickly, oil and gas companies are focusing on how to survive yet another extreme price cycle and governments all over the world grapple with one of the most severe economic crises? Nevertheless, the issue of transition […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/decarbonisation-pathways-for-oil-and-gas/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Decarbonisation Pathways for Oil and Gas〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-44-Decarbonisation-Pathways-for-Oil-and-Gas.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-44-Decarbonisation-Pathways-for-Oil-and-Gas.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Presentation and webinar on Oil Markets in the Context of COVID-19: Unpacking the Demand and Supply Shocks Presentation – Oil Markets in the Context of COVID-19 Unpacking the Demand and Supply Shocks〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-markets-in-the-context-of-covid-19-unpacking-the-demand-and-supply-shocks/"〉Oil Markets in the Context of COVID-19: Unpacking the Demand and Supply Shocks〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Presentation and webinar on the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Gas Markets Presentation – The Impact of COVID-19 on Gas Markets〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-global-gas-markets/"〉The Impact of COVID-19 on Global Gas Markets〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Webinar with Katja Yafimava〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/finding-a-home-for-global-lng-in-europe/"〉‘Finding a home’ for global LNG in Europe〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast Bassam Fattouh and Adi Imsirovic discuss with David Ledesma the effects of the demand shock on oil benchmarks. The sharp contraction in demand has stressed the oil markets to the core causing massive oversupply which has quickly overwhelmed available storage. These have exposed the weaknesses in some benchmarks and the widened divide […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oil-benchmarks-under-stress-2/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Oil Benchmarks Under Stress〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-45-Oil-Benchmarks-Under-Stress-2.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Podcast-45-Oil-Benchmarks-Under-Stress-2.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The long-term impact of the Covid-19 crisis on various industries, including oil trading, remains highly uncertain. While some uncertainties, such as the magnitude of the demand destruction for petroleum products and the pace of global storage saturation are known unknowns, other consequences could come as a shocking surprise. It is very unlikely that any of […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-rise-of-retail-and-the-fall-of-wti/"〉The Rise of Retail and the Fall of WTI〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Michal Meidan, Director of the China Energy Research Programme at the Institute, following the publication of her OIES Comment, “China’s rocky road to recovery”, which looks at China’s oil demand growth this year. The podcast also addresses some emerging trends in China’s natural gas market and discusses the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-rocky-road-to-recovery-2/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – China’s rocky road to recovery〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Chinas-rocky-road-to-recovery-Podcast-43-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Chinas-rocky-road-to-recovery-Podcast-43-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The Middle East and North Africa’s (MENA) resource-rich economies are pursuing two parallel strategies in their electricity sectors: (i) increasing and integrating renewables into their power generation mix to mitigate the impact of rising domestic oil and gas demand on their economies and boost hydrocarbon export capacities; and (ii) undertaking power sector reforms to attract […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/electricity-markets-in-the-resource-rich-countries-of-the-mena-adapting-for-the-transition-era/"〉Electricity Markets in the Resource-Rich Countries of the MENA: Adapting for the Transition Era’〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Over the last three decades several studies were conducted on the elusive development of regional or sub-regional natural gas networks to boost natural gas exchanges within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. However, due to commercial and non-commercial factors, this regional or sub-regional trade remains quite limited. In this podcast David Ledesma interviews […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-is-there-hope-for-improved-intra-mena-gas-trade/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Is there hope for improved intra-MENA gas trade?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Podcast-54-Is-there-hope-for-improved-intra-MENA-gas-trade.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Podcast-54-Is-there-hope-for-improved-intra-MENA-gas-trade.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson talks with Alex Barnes about his new paper which questions whether the current regulatory structure for energy markets in Europe is suitable to cope with the ever more urgent need to meet decarbonisation objectives. It discusses the evolution of the regulation of gas markets in Europe to date, before addressing […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-can-the-current-eu-regulatory-framework-deliver-decarbonisation-of-gas/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Can the current EU regulatory framework deliver decarbonisation of gas?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Podcast-53-Can-the-current-EU-regulatory-framework-deliver-decarbonisation-of-gas.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Podcast-53-Can-the-current-EU-regulatory-framework-deliver-decarbonisation-of-gas.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉At a time of low prices and an apparent surplus of supply in the global gas market it is important to try and identify new sources of demand, especially for LNG. In this respect, one interesting theme is how some countries are switching from their traditional role as LNG exporters to becoming importers of gas […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-dilemma-of-gas-importing-and-exporting-countries/"〉The dilemma of gas importing and exporting countries〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Martin Lambert about his latest Energy Comment on the EU’s new hydrogen strategy. They review the key elements of the strategy and provide thoughts on the main goals, highlighting the challenges that will be faced in meeting hydrogen production targets, in particular via the “green hydrogen” route. […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-eu-hydrogen-strategy-a-case-for-urgent-action-towards-implementation/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – EU Hydrogen Strategy – A case for urgent action towards implementation〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Oxford-Energy-Podcast-57-EU-Hydrogen-Strategy.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Oxford-Energy-Podcast-57-EU-Hydrogen-Strategy.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson discusses a new OIES paper on LNG demand in 10 emerging Asian countries with the main authors Mike Fulwood and Martin Lambert. They cover the key drivers for LNG demand across the region, focussing mainly on the power sector, while also looking at the impact of declining indigenous production on […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-emerging-asia-lng-demand/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Emerging Asia LNG Demand〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Podcast-62-Emerging-Asia-LNG.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Podcast-62-Emerging-Asia-LNG.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Following the sharp recovery in the oil price, the Brent price has been stuck in the narrow $40/b-$45/b range since July and despite the heightened uncertainty, volatility has been exceptionally low. What factors are driving the recent price behaviour? When will oil demand recover to its pre-virus level? What explains OPEC+ high compliance? Looking forward, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-after-the-initial-oil-rebound-what-next-for-market-fundamentals-and-prices/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – After the Initial Oil Rebound: What Next for Market Fundamentals and Prices?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Podcast-60-After-the-initial-oil-rebound.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Podcast-60-After-the-initial-oil-rebound.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉China’s oil demand has almost grown by over 9 mb/d over the past two decades, accounting on average for one-third of global oil demand growth every year. Going forward, however, its oil use is expected to grow by 3–4 mb/d by 2040. Much of the new consumption is estimated to come from rising incomes and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-chinas-oil-demand-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – China’s oil demand in the wake of COVID-19〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Oxford-Energy-Podcast-61-Chinas-oil-demand-in-the-wake-of-COVID-19.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Oxford-Energy-Podcast-61-Chinas-oil-demand-in-the-wake-of-COVID-19.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Turkey’s new, timely natural gas strategy of reducing import dependence coincides with the situation that all Long Term Contracts (LTCs) with the current pipeline suppliers will expire in the 2020s. In 2021 alone, 16 bcm of LTCs will expire, of which 8 bcm is Gazprom gas and half is imported by BOTAŞ and the other […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/the-renewal-of-turkeys-long-term-contracts-natural-gas-market-transition-or-business-as-usual/"〉The Renewal of Turkey’s Long Term Contracts: Natural gas market transition or ‘business as usual’?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This Insight provides an overview of the recent EU Commission Hydrogen Strategy, Energy System Integration Strategy and Industrial Strategy, focusing on regulatory issues impacting hydrogen. It looks at the proposed classification and preferences for different sources of hydrogen, financial and regulatory support for development of hydrogen supply, demand, and infrastructure, as well as potential regulation […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/eu-hydrogen-vision-regulatory-opportunities-and-challenges/"〉EU Hydrogen Vision: regulatory opportunities and challenges〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This article fills a gap in the literature by quantifying impacts of fossil fuel subsidy reform on trade (inflow and outflow) in an oil-producing, “almost small”, economy, using Kuwait as an example. It employs a two-region economy-wide model with oligopoly behaviour in a general equilibrium framework. The model embodies unique elements of Kuwait’s economic structure, […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/is-energy-subsidy-reform-in-an-oil-exporting-small-economy-beneficial-to-trade-illustrations-from-kuwait/"〉Is Energy Subsidy Reform in an Oil-Exporting Small Economy Beneficial to Trade? Illustrations from Kuwait〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Kuwait has a high potential for utilizing meteorologically driven energy resources such as solar PV. However, understanding the extent to which the distinct climatic conditions in Kuwait, reflected in the ambient temperature and occurrence of sandstorms, affect the variability and uncertainty of solar PV output is crucial. This is because it allows power system planners […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/solar-pv-in-kuwait-the-effect-of-ambient-temperature-and-sandstorms-on-output-variability-and-uncertainty/"〉Solar PV in Kuwait: The effect of ambient temperature and sandstorms on output variability and uncertainty〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This Perspectives article offers a novel form of article, drawing together short, focussed pieces from a wide group of authors addressing the plethora of issues which such a fundamental challenge as the coronavirus pandemic generates. These provide critical and reflective perspectives on the energy, environmental, socio-economic and policy paths that may be taken in the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/perspectives-on-the-economics-of-the-environment-in-the-shadow-of-coronavirus-novel-policy-research-on-the-resource-exporters-energy-policy-nexus-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic/"〉Perspectives on the Economics of the Environment in the Shadow of Coronavirus: Novel Policy Research on the Resource Exporters-Energy Policy Nexus During the Coronavirus Pandemic〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Since the birth of the LNG industry, Asia has been the key market, providing high value, reliable demand. The 3 foundation markets of Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have been joined more recently by China and India to form the “big 5” which is often the focus for much analysis and comment. However, it would […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/emerging-asia-lng-demand/"〉Emerging Asia LNG Demand〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉This issue of Oxford Energy Forum (OEF) is dedicated to electricity networks. Over the last decade, decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization (3D) have transformed the electricity system. Within this changing environment electricity networks are required to remain stable and secure while additionally facilitating net-zero-carbon policies. The increased level of low-carbon heating/cooling and transport along with changes […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-electricity-networks-in-a-net-zero-carbon-economy-issue-124/"〉Oxford Energy Forum – Electricity Networks in a Net-Zero-Carbon Economy – Issue 124〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉China’s oil demand has almost tripled over the past two decades, accounting on average for one-third of global oil demand growth every year. China is set to dominate future growth as well, as it will overtake the US as the world’s largest economy. But the pace of the country’s oil consumption is slowing while the […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/chinas-oil-demand-in-the-wake-of-covid-19/"〉China’s oil demand in the wake of COVID-19〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following the sharp recovery in the oil price, which saw Brent increase by more than $16/b during the months of May and June 2020, the Brent price has been stuck in the narrow $40/b-$45/b range since July and despite the heightened uncertainty, volatility has been exceptionally low. On the one hand, this reflects the fact […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/after-the-initial-oil-rebound-what-next-for-market-fundamentals-and-prices/"〉After the Initial Oil Rebound: What Next for Market Fundamentals and Prices?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In her presentation, given on 27 October 2020 at the S&P Global Platts LNG & Hydrogen Gas Markets Asia Conference, part of the Singapore International Energy Week 2020, Agnieszka Ason, Visiting Research Fellow at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, discusses the future of long-term contracts in the LNG industry and explores the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/lng-contract-flexibility-in-the-2020s/"〉LNG contract flexibility in the 2020s〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The COVID-19 pandemic has created what can be termed a critical juncture from the perspective of the low-carbon transition. Nations have the opportunity to use their economic recovery plans to accelerate this transition. As an upper-middle-income country, China might be expected to build on its recent successes and accelerate the pace of its low-carbon energy […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/does-2020-mark-a-critical-juncture-in-chinas-low-carbon-energy-transition/"〉Does 2020 mark a critical juncture in China’s low-carbon energy transition?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast, David Ledesma talks to Malcolm Keay and David Robinson who discuss their new OIES paper on recent “glimpses” of what the future electricity system may bring, notably the rise of intermittent solar PV and wind energy as a share of total electricity generation. They reflect on these glimpses – which were visible […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-glimpses-of-the-future-electricity-system/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – Glimpses of the future electricity system?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-66-Glimpses-of-the-future-electricity-system.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-66-Glimpses-of-the-future-electricity-system.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉Energy transition is driven by policies that require investment in long-term undertakings such as energy infrastructures and/or the pricing of environmental externalities such as carbon emissions. The efficiency of such policies, in terms of resource allocation, is usually evaluated through cost–benefit analysis (CBA). As benefits and costs extend over long time horizons, they are converted […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/social-discount-rate-and-the-energy-transition-policy/"〉Social Discount Rate and the Energy Transition Policy〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses a recent OIES Energy Insight on MENA oil exporting countries’ diversification strategy under deep uncertainty with the co-author Bassam Fattouh. They cover a range of issues including how Middle East oil exporters are coping with the double shocks of COVID-19 and low oil prices; what measures they are taking […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-mena-oil-exporting-countries-diversification-strategy-under-deep-uncertainty/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – MENA oil exporting countries’ diversification strategy under deep uncertainty〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-65-MENA-oil-exporting-countries’-diversification-strategy-under-deep-uncertain-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-65-MENA-oil-exporting-countries’-diversification-strategy-under-deep-uncertain-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉This latest Gas Quarterly provides our regular review of price trends in the natural gas and LNG markets, and notes a significant change in the relationship between prices in North America, Europe and Asia. In the main articles we look at Russia’s declining market share in Turkey as Gazprom faces increasing competition from LNG and […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-forum-quarterly-gas-review-issue-11/"〉Quarterly Gas Review – Issue 11〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The forward curve for TTF gas prices is suggesting a significant rise in prices in 2021 over 2020. With gas demand in Europe not falling as much this year as earlier thought, an increase in demand next year may be limited. With a likely rebound in pipeline imports in 2021, especially from Russia, this will […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/2-gas-in-europe-groundhog-day/"〉$2 Gas in Europe: Groundhog Day?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Following the sharp price recovery in May/June which saw daily Brent rebounding above $40/b in June 5 from $19/b in April 21, before holding remarkably steady in the $40/b and $45/b in the course of July/August, September saw prices breaking on the downside of this range and trading below $40/b for the first time since […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/short-term-oil-market-outlook/"〉Short-term Oil Market Outlook〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The LNG business is restructuring rapidly as it moves from its rigidity of the 1970s and 80s, towards a merchant market that could evolve at some point in the late 2020s or 2030s, mirroring what happened in the North American and European pipeline markets decades earlier. As part of this process, increased volumes of LNG […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/lng-portfolio-optimization-challenge-opportunity-and-necessity/"〉LNG Portfolio Optimization: Challenge, Opportunity and Necessity〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast David Ledesma discusses a new OIES paper on renewal of Turkish long-term contracts and possible market transition away from oil-linked prices with the author Gulmira Rzayeva. They cover the lack of gas market liberalisation, which resulted in absence of a supply/demand price discovery mechanism enabling it to import gas at a price reflecting true […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oxford-energy-podcast-the-renewal-of-turkeys-long-term-contracts-natural-gas-market-transition-or-business-as-usual/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – The Renewal of Turkey’s Long Term Contracts: Natural gas market transition or ‘business as usual’?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-64-Renewal-of-Turkey-LT-Contracts-.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-64-Renewal-of-Turkey-LT-Contracts-.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉The risk of the ongoing Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict spilling over to affect Azeri oil and gas exports  seems low.  But in the event of any supply disruptions, the impact on international oil and gas markets looks manageable.  Oil markets are well supplied and can readily adapt to make up 700 thousand barrels per day of Azeri […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-energy-implications-of-a-potential-escalation/"〉Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict: energy implications of a potential escalation〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉Over the last five years, Africa’s MSGBC geological basin situated in five African countries: Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, and Guinea Conakry has started to attract increased interest from international oil and gas companies (IOCs). The Grand Tortue Ahmeyim (GTA) gas field development project, overlapping Mauritania and Senegal’s offshore waters, is a key example. This […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/mauritania-senegal-an-emerging-new-african-gas-province-is-it-still-possible/"〉Mauritania – Senegal: an emerging New African Gas province – is it still possible?〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, we have witnessed glimpses of what the future electricity system may bring, notably the rise of intermittent solar PV and wind energy as a share of total electricity generation. The recent outages in California have illustrated the absence of preparation to cope with the reduction of solar […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/glimpses-of-the-future-electricity-system-demand-flexibility-and-a-proposal-for-a-special-auction/"〉Glimpses of the future electricity system? Demand flexibility and a proposal for a special auction〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉The chapter redefines “economic sustainability” in resource-dependent states by offering a definition anchored in growth theory that accounts for economic challenges of resource dependence and takes into account the volatility and depletion features of resource-driven revenue. The chapter first summarizes the changing and elusive definition of economic sustainability in the context of resource-dependent economies, including […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/redefining-economic-sustainability-in-resource-rich-states-comparative-lessons/"〉Redefining Economic Sustainability in Resource-rich States: Comparative Lessons〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: 〈p〉In this podcast James Henderson discusses a new OIES paper on the challenge for the EU to provide a suitable regulatory framework for its new Hydrogen Strategy with Alex Barnes and Katja Yafimava. The podcast first outlines a number of EU documents where the outlook and ambitions are discussed, before focussing on the main aims […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/eu-hydrogen-vision-regulatory-opportunities-and-challenges-2/"〉Oxford Energy Podcast – EU Hydrogen Vision: regulatory opportunities and challenges〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉 〈div class="enclosure"〉〈p class="enclosure-content"〉〈audio preload="none" src="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-63-EU-Hydrogen-Vision.mp3" controls="controls"〉〈/audio〉 〈a download="" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Podcast-63-EU-Hydrogen-Vision.mp3"〉💾〈/a〉〈/p〉〈/div〉

Description: 〈p〉A renewed sense of urgency has arisen around diversification in Arab oil-exporting countries, driven by a paradigm shift around the future prospects of global oil demand, and whether the oil industry will continue to generate sufficient rents into the future to sustain oil exporters’ economies and their extensive welfare systems. Regardless as to when oil […]〈/p〉 〈p〉The post 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/economic-diversification-in-arab-oil-exporting-countries-in-the-context-of-peak-oil-and-the-energy-transition/"〉Economic Diversification in Arab Oil-Exporting Countries in the Context of Peak Oil and the Energy Transition〈/a〉 appeared first on 〈a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.oxfordenergy.org/"〉Oxford Institute for Energy Studies〈/a〉.〈/p〉

Description: The combination of traditional retail channel with direct channel adds a new dimension of competition to manufacturers’ distribution system. In this paper, we consider a make-to-order manufacturer with two channels of sale, sale through retailers and online direct sale. The customers are classified into different classes, based on their sensitivity to price and due date. The orders of traditional retail channel customers are fulfilled in the same period of ordering. However, price and due date are quoted to the online customers based on the available capacity as well as the other orders in the pipeline. We develop two different structures of the supply chain: centralized and decentralized dual-channel supply chain which are formulated as bilevel binary nonlinear models. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is also developed to obtain a satisfactory near-optimal solution and compared to a genetic algorithm. Through various numerical analyses, we investigate the effects of the customers’ preference of a direct channel on the model’s variables.

Description: The cold accumulation problem can lead to performance degradation of heat pumps. This paper presents the design and optimization of a solar-assisted storage system to solve this issue. A ground source heat pump (GSHP) project was established using the transient system simulation program (TRNSYS) based on a ground heat exchange theoretical model, which was validated by a previously established experiment in Beijing. The Beijing, Harbin, and Zhengzhou regions were used in numerical simulations to represent three typical cities where buildings require space heating (a cold region, a severe cold region, and a hot summer and cold winter region, respectively). System performance was simulated over periods of ten years. The simulation results showed that the imbalance efficiencies in the Beijing, Harbin, and Zhengzhou regions are 55%, 79%, and 38%, respectively. The annual average soil temperature decreases 7.3°C, 11.0°C, and 5.3°C during ten years of conventional GSHP operation in the Beijing, Harbin, and Zhengzhou regions, respectively. Because of the soil temperature decrease, the minimum heating coefficient of performance (COP) values decrease by 23%, 46%, and 11% over the ten years for GSHP operation in these three regions, respectively. Moreover, the simulation data show that the soil temperature would still be decreasing if based on the previous solar energy area calculation method. Design parameters such as the solar collector size are optimized for the building load and average soil temperature in various cold regions. Long-term operation will test the matching rate of the compensation system with the conventional GSHP system. After the system is optimized, the solar collector area increases of 20% in the Beijing region, 25% in the Harbin region, and 15% in the Zhengzhou region could help to maintain the annual average soil temperature balance. The optimized system could maintain a higher annual average COP because of the steady soil temperature. It provides a method for the design of a solar collector area which needs to be determined in the seasonal heat storage solar ground source heat pump system.

Description: The new Structural Seismic Isolation System (SSIS) intends to provide high safety for important structures such as nuclear power plants, offshore oil platforms, and high-rise buildings against near-fault and long-period earthquakes. The presented SSIS structure foot base and foundation contact surfaces have been designed as any curved surfaces (spherical, elliptical, etc.) depending on the earthquake-soil-superstructure parameters, and these contact surfaces have been separated by using elastomeric (lead core rubber or laminated rubber bearings with up to 4-second period) seismic isolation devices. It would allow providing inverse pendulum behavior to the structure. As a result of this behavior, the natural period of the structure will possess greater intervals which are larger than the predominant period of the majority of the possible earthquakes including near-fault zones. Consequently, the structure can maintain its serviceability after the occurrence of strong and long-period earthquakes. This study has investigated the performance of the SSIS for the nuclear containment (SSIS-NC) structure. The finite element model of SISS-NC structure has been developed, and nonlinear dynamic analysis of the model has been conducted under the strong and long-period ground motions. The results have been presented in comparison with the conventional application method of the seismic base isolation devices for nuclear containment (CAMSBID-NC) and fixed base nuclear containment (FB-NC) structures. The base and top accelerations, effective stress, and critical shear stress responses of the SSIS-NC structure are 48.67%, 36.70%, and 32.60% on average lower than those of CAMSBID-NC structure, respectively. The result also confirms that the SSIS-NC structure did not cause resonant vibrations under long-period earthquakes. On the other hand, there is excessive deformation in the isolation layers of CAMSBID-NC structure.