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  • 1
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    Megacylops viridis Jurine, abyssal form in Lake Maggiore. [Translation of: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 17 57-79, 1964] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4774 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:47 | 4774 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Megacyclops viridis Jurine, noticed in Lago Maggiore in 1912 by De Marchi from the littoral vegetation of Pallanza, is a normal member of the littoral plankton of the lake. The subgenus Megacyclops, created by Kiefer in his revision of the viridis-vernalis group, contains european and american species some of which are today considered as varieties of the species viridis. This paper examines morphology and of the distribution of the Italian viridis in Lake Maggiore.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Animal morphology ; Life cycle ; Ecological distribution ; Italy ; Lake Maggiore ; Megacyclops viridis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 2
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    The temperature dependence of the development of the embryo in Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) and Cyclops scutifer (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4772 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:41 | 4772 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This work is mainly intended as an addition to the studies of the populations dynamics of Cyclops scutifer, which is part of the ”Latn ja jaure project” (a study of the principles involved in the ecosystem of a small -initially fish free- mountain lake, before and after the introduction of fish). The field work consisted of sampling in Lake Erken in Roslagen in June, July and September, as well as in Latn ja jaure in the Abisko mountains in August and September of 1965. Additional sampling was done in Latn ja jaure for the study of the horizontal, vertical and temporal distribution of Cyclops scutifer, as well as the in situ development of the different stages. These samples have been analysed in such a way as to fit into the frame work of future studies on the population dynamics of Cyclops scutifer, The main aim of the present investigation is the determination of the dependence upon tempera- tare of the development of the embryo in the subarctic Cyclops scutifer as compared with the conditions found in the warm water species Mesocyclops leuckarti.
    Description: Translation from the original thesis published in 1966. Translated from Swedish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Population dynamics ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Embryonic development ; Distribution ; Sweden
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  • 3
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    Mastigophora and Rhizopoda found in saline lakes Weissovo and Repnoie (near Slaviansk). Selected passages describing Ochromonas species and Pedinella. [Translation of: Trudy Obshch.Ispyt.Prir.imp.khar'kov.Univ. 21 119-140, 1888] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4775 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:50 | 4775 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This translation includes selected passages of a longer paper on Mastigophora and Rhizopoda found in saline lakes Weissovo and Repnoie. The translation focuses on describing taxonomy and morphology of Ochromonas species and Pedinella. Plates and figures of the original paper are not included in the translation.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Animal morphology ; Taxonomy ; Spores ; Russia ; Lake Weissovo
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  • 4
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    Production of the chironomids of the Uchinsk Reservoir. [Translation of: Methods for the estimation of production of aquatic animals. (Handbook and papers) (ed. G. G. Vinberg) p226-239. Minsk, Vysheishaya Shkola, 1968] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4773 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:44 | 4773 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The method of E.V. Borutski was used for determining the production of chironomids, that is, the dynamics of the number and biomass of the larvae were analysed, their death, a calculation of emergence and the number of deposited egg layings was carried out. In addition to the method of Borutski, the authors also calculated the seasonal dynamics of the number of larvae of the younger age stages in the microbenthos.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Biomass ; Population dynamics ; Invertebrate larvae ; Russia ; Chironomidae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    Contribution to the biology and geographical distribution of Aegagropila sauteri (Nees) Kutz. [Translation of: Gidrobiologicheskie Zhurnal, Kiev 4(3), 68-69, 1967] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4769 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:28 | 4769 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Aegagropila sauteri is a peculiar green algae, the branched thalli of which, according to the amount of growth, forms velvety spheres of a diameter of 3-4, sometimes to 5-6 cm. and bigger. Investigators attribute it to a special genus of green algae. The authors examine Aegagropila sauteri in Lake Markakol (Kazakhstan).
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Kazakhstan ; Aegagropila sauteri
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    Type: monograph
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  • 6
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    The state of the benthos in the Rybinsk reservoir, 1953-55. [Translation of the abstract from: Trudy biol. Sta. Borok 3, 195-213, 1958] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4770 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:29 | 4770 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This abstract summarises the 1953-1955 surveys of the distribution of benthos in the Rybinsk Reservoirs. It includes the mean biomass of benthos.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Phytobenthos ; Biomass ; Russia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 7
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    Discovery of viruses lysing blue-green algae in the Dneprovsk reservoirs. [Translation of: Water blooms (ed. A. V. Topachevskii) pp.171-174. Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1968] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4777 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:56 | 4777 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Viruses, which are characterised by a relative simplicity of chemical composition, are involved with all the groups of the animal and plant world. The discovery of viruses of lower organisms has special interest. Along with the already known viruses lysing bacteria and actinomycetes, viruses have been discovered in recent years which lyse algae. During investigations of water from water-bloom patches and of mud taken from zones of massive accumulation of blue-green algae in the Dneprovsk reservoirs, the authors obtained viruses lysing algae. The revealing of viruses producing lysis of blue-green algae, which one could use in the control of water-blooms, has the greatest interest. With this aim, samples of water were collected from various zones of water-bloom patches in the Kremenchug, Dneprovsk and Kukhov reservoirs. For viruses lysing algae we propose the name 'algophages'. Along with the existence of viruses of algae of the phage type, one cannot deny the possibility of the existence of viruses of another type, multiplying in the cells of algae and causing their virus illnesses.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Algal blooms ; Algae ; Cytology ; Viruses ; Microcystis aeruginosa ; Cyanobacteria ; Dnieper
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 8
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    The influence of blue-green algae on development of the zooplankton. [Translation of: Byull.mosk.Obshch.Ispyt.Prir.(Biol.) 67, 128-131, 1962] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4771 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:55:39 | 4771 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Many have observed the reduction of the quantity of zooplankton in the presence of water blooms. It is known that in seas zooplankton as it were avoids places of accumulation of blue-green algae. By observations on one of the tributaries of the Rybinsk reservoir - the River Shumorovka - the authors tried by simultaneous collections to trace the changes in numbers, not only of zoo- and phytoplankton but also of bacteria. The plankton was collected by quantitative nets with suitable numbers of gauze and bacteria were taken account of by the method of direct calculation on membrane filters. It can be seen that the development of blue-green algae appears as an important factor, determining not only the intensity but also the direction of the process of production of zooplankton.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Zooplankton ; Algal blooms ; Cyanobacteria ; Russia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 9
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    Investigations on the vertical migration of planktonic Crustacea in the Bodensee-Obersee. [Translation from: Schriften des Vereins fur Geschichte des Bodensees und seiner Umgebung, 87, 177-187, 1969.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4809 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:44 | 4809 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The vertical zoning of the planktonic Crustacea in a lake is the expression of a complex set of different factors. Besides the measurable, external influences such as light, temperature, acid and C02 stratification, a particularly large part is played by internal factors, which co-ordinate a specific reaction in each species depending on state of development, age and sex. Supporting this extensive, predictable, annual course of diurnal depths and the daily vertical migrations, whose extent is again dependent on external conditions, primarily of course on the amount of light. The individual factors mentioned, however, are here also of great significance. Within the scope of a long-term study of the planktonic Copepoda of Lake Constance, some day and night series were in 1963 also carried out in the Obersee, in order to obtain at least volumetric data on the extent of the daily migrations of these creatures.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Vertical migrations ; Biological surveys ; Lake Constance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 10
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    Application of diatom analysis for the study of the history of the lakes of north-west USSR. [Translation from: Istoriya Ozer; Trudy Vses.Simp.Vilnius p1-7. Vilnius, 1970.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4808 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:42 | 4808 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: During late - and post-glacial times lakes played a leading role in the development of the landscape of the North-west European part of USSR. A variety of geographic circumstances created great variegation of natural conditions in lakes and determined the composition of their diatoms. The basic stages of the development of the diatom flora of lakes are linked with general climatic changes. The deepwater regions of large periglacial lakes of the North-west USSR are inhabited by plankton diatoms of the genera Melosira and Cyclotella. Diatom analysis is further applied for the study of the history of the lakes of north-west USSR.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Diatoms ; Freshwater lakes ; Glacial lakes ; Palaeolimnology ; Sediment analysis
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  • 11
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    Recent investigations on zooplankton in the Limnological Institute of the University of Freiburg, in Falkau (Germany). [Translation from: Acta cient.Venezolana 18, 94-97, 1967. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4811 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:52:15 | 4811 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Histochemical experiments are conducted in order to study the interrenal cells of European brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri).
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Zooplankton ; Vertical migrations ; Biological sampling ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater ecology ; Lake Constance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 12
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    Some aspects of the ecology of the limnoplankton, with special reference to the phytoplankton. [Translation from: Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 13(2) 129-163, 1919.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4819 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:51:22 | 4819 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: This paper tries to develop more generally some fundamental bases for the ecological study of freshwater plankton. A special attention is given to the phytoplankton associations which can be separated out and made into groups according to their dependence upon changing environments. Plankton formations in different types of water bodies (ponds, lakes and rivers) are studied.
    Description: Translated from Swedish into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Ponds ; Freshwater lakes ; Phytoplankton ; Planktonology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 13
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    Evidence of algae in the excrement of ducks. [Translation from: Hydrobiologia 1 22-27, 1948. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4830 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:50:24 | 4830 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In the extremely severe winter of 1946-47 the surface of the Pfaffikersee (near Zurich) lay under an unbroken seal of ice for a full three months. The number of wild ducks resting in this location was estimated to be about 400. Six samples of excrements of ducks were microscopically analysed and fragments of algae were identified. These analyses allow the expert to specify with definite certainty the feeding areas under investigation of the studied birds.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Aquatic birds ; Algae ; Digestion ; Faecal pellets ; Anatidae
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  • 14
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    'Fa Tsai', a Chinese edible Nostoc in market. [Translation from: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology 8 124-126, 1960. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4837 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:50:12 | 4837 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: The Nostoc 'Fa Tsai' is sometimes seen in Chinese cooking materials stores. It is investigated what 'Fa Tsai' consists of and where it originates.
    Description: Translated from Japanese into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Sociology ; Algae ; Food composition ; Sociological aspects
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  • 15
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    On distribution of pollen in lakes. [Translation from: Palynology in geological research in the Baltic Soviet Republics p113-119. Vilnius, 1973.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4836 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:50:10 | 4836 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Systematic investigations of the distribution of pollen in stationary water bodies until now have hardly been conducted. For clarification of the problem of how the pollen of different plants which falls into a lake is deposited in relation to its physical properties, the character of the lake, wind currents and other factors, pollen analyses were carried out of surface samples of the bottom sediments of 13 Lithuanian lakes. Lakes were selected of different sizes (areas from 2333 ha. to 8 ha.) and different depths, not uniformly overgrown, situated in different physico-geographic regions of Lithuania. As a result of the investigation, it was established that in the surface layer of the sediments of the lakes of Lithuania pollen of woody species predominates.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Pollen ; Ecological distribution ; Sediment analysis ; Lithuania ; Shamukas Lake
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  • 16
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    On the problem of the distribution of Acanthocyclops viridis Jurine in the Rybinsk reservoir. [Translation from: Byulleten' Institute Biologii Vodokhranilishch 1958(1), 36-39, 1958. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4853 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:56 | 4853 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Observations of individual weight, duration of development and production of different stages of Tropodiaptomus incognitus are presented. The study is based on data gathered from Lake Chad in 1968.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater lakes ; Distribution ; Samplers ; Biological sampling ; Water reservoirs
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  • 17
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    Individual weight, development time and yield of different stages of Tropodiaptomus incognitus (Crustacea: Copepoda). [Translation from: Cahiers ORSTOM, Serie Hydrobiologie 4(1) 63-70, 1970. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4852 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:54 | 4852 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Observations of individual weight, duration of development and production of different stages of Tropodiaptomus incognitus are presented. The study is based on data gathered from Lake Chad in 1968.
    Description: Translated from French into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater lakes ; Developmental stages ; Biomass ; Lake Chad
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  • 18
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    Waterfowl and their role in lake ecosystems. [Translation from: Wiadomosci Ekologiczne 19, 355-371, 1973.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4851 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:51 | 4851 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: We know very little about the role of birds in different ecosystems, despite numerous interesting works of researchers and amateur ornithologist scattered throughout the world. Less attention is paid to freshwater ecosystems because of the difficulties encountered in the experimental methods as well as a lack of interest on behalf of hydrobiologists, for the activities of birds in these ecosystems. This article summarises types and morphoecological forms of waterfowl and their place in the lake ecosystem.
    Description: Translated from Polish into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Aquatic birds ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Habitat selection
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    Type: monograph
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  • 19
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    Physiology of nitrate reduction in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. [Translation from: Z.allg.Mikrobiol. 13, 83-94, 1973.] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4856 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:26 | 4856 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has for some time been known as a denitrifier. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was chosen for further studies, because P. aeruginosa occurs abundantly in Plusssee and moreover there are contradictory assertions on the gas products of denitrification by this bacteria. In experimental research the pattern of growth and gas production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on nutrient broth was studied.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Experimental research ; Bacteria ; Freshwater lakes ; Growth ; Microbiological culture ; Plusssee
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  • 20
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    Studies on heterotrophic nitrification in a lake. [Translation from: Z.allg.Mikrobiol. 12 567-574, 1973. ] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4850 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:48:48 | 4850 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: In a lake the nitrogen compounds are liable to regular cycling in which nitrate is reduced and ammonium oxidised. As a nitrate maximum is regularly established in the upper part of the hypolimnion of a stratified summer lake, the authors have dealt in particular with the oxidising side of the nitrogen cycle. Described here are partial results of the nitrification in Plusssee. The Plusssee was chosen, since it is almost entirely without inflows, and, lying in a wooded basin, is well protected from the wind, and therefore stably stratified. In order to determine the number of autotrophic nitrificants the distribution of the Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter spores in the lake were analysed. From the estimates on the determination of spore numbers of the heterotrophic nitrificants, 14 species in the pure culture were isolated and examined from morphological, biochemical and taxonomic viewpoints.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Ammonia ; Freshwater lakes ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen cycle
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  • 21
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    Mechanism of red colouration in Tovel-See (”Conclusions” only) [Translation from: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 38 299-302, 1941] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4881 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:19 | 4881 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-06
    Description: Cases of red colouration in small lake basins, due to the abundant appearance of microorganisms have long been known. Usually it is caused by a fast, sudden, intensive propagation (so called ”bloom”) of Cyanophycae and bacteria. (e.g. Oscillatoracae, thiobacteria etc.). An exception to this is the red colouration of Tovel-See, an alpine lake basin in the Dolomites of the Brenta group (Trentino), lying at a height of 1178 m and hidden in the woodland of a valley. Here the red bloom has a double rhythm: a daily and a yearly rhythm. The colouration of one part of the lake takes place in the warmest months of the year (i.e. July, August, September) and in the middle hours of the day. The immediate origin of the bloom has been known for a long time: it is caused by the Peridinacae Glenodinium sanguineum. This paper describes the phenomenon of red colouration of the lake and discusses its conditions.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Freshwater lakes ; Water colour ; Glenodinium sanguineum
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  • 22
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    The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the Goggausee (the influence of algae and Chaoborus flavicans) [Translation from: Carinthia II 166/186 373-385, 1976] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4882 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:20 | 4882 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Goggausee, a small, shallow, meromictic lake(700m long, 150m wide, max. depth=12m, mean depth=6m), was the site of a week long study (19-26 May 1974) of the limnology department of the University of Vienna. The study comprised pollen analysis and palaeolimnological studies on the one hand, as well as a stock- taking of physiochemical factors, primary production, bacteria, zooplankton, zoo benthos and fish on the other. This paper studies the zooplankton of the lake. The Goggausee is a meromictic lake, with its anoxic deep water, that restricts the vertical distribution of most zooplankton. The aim of the study was to pursue the vertical distribution of the rotifers and Crustacea. Density of individuals, biomass, percentages of zooplankton together and crustaceans and rotifers as groups. Special consideration is given to the the Dipteran Chaoborus flavicans.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Environmental surveys ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Biomass ; Freshwater lakes ; Population density ; Austria ; Chaoborus flavicans
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  • 23
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    Radioautographic method of determination of number of bacteria in water-bodies [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.26, 65-67, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4884 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:46:23 | 4884 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The radioautographic method of determination of the number of autotrophic microorganisms was initially suggested for counting methane-oxidizing bacteria. With the help of this method colonies of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are differentiated even more clearly from heterotrophic. Under laboratory conditions it was shown that colonies grown on membrane filters from a pure culture of thionic bacteria on a nutrient medium with radio- active carbonate, give better prints on film. This method was tested by the authors for determining the number of these bacteria in the meromictic Lake Vae de San Juan during the expedition to Cuba in the summer of 1973. The study showed that that the thionic bacteria are found throughout the pelagial. It proved that the thionic bacteria can be well considered in water-bodies by the radioautographic method.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Photography ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Analytical techniques ; Cuba
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 24
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    Ecological significance of seasonal variation in clutch-size of Arctodiaptomus bacillifer in alpine lakes of high altitudes (Val Bognanco) [Translation from: Bollettino di Zoologia 37 491-492, 1970] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4894 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:42 | 4894 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: This brief paper describes the significance of seasonal variation in clutch-size of the copepod Arctodiaptomus bacillifer in alpine lakes of high altitudes (Val Bognanco). Seasonal dynamics of the zooplankton of these lakes was studied during summer and autumn of 1968 and 1969and results are summarised.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater lakes ; Glacial lakes ; Italy
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  • 25
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    Observations on the distribution, daytime migrations and daily food intake rates of Chaoborus flavicans (Meigen) in the Goggausee [Translation from: Carinthia II 165(85), 184-190, 1975] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4896 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:41 | 4896 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The Goggausee, in spite of its modest depth (Zmax = 12 metres), shows meromictic properties: autumn and spring circulation extend only to a depth of 8 metres. The water layers below about 10 metres are constantly oxygen-free, the critical zone with at least intermittent oxygen loss lies at a depth of between 6 and 10 metres. A limnological excursion in May 1974 offered an opportunity to investigate the daily vertical migration of the species Chaoborus flavicans with reference to its food supply of zooplankton as well as the chance to carry out some preliminary experiments on its rate of food intake. Among the studied features were the planktonic depth distribution of Chaoborus flavicans and the food intake of Chaoborus larvae under experimental conditions.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Environmental surveys ; Freshwater lakes ; Population density ; Food consumption ; Population characteristics ; Vertical migrations ; Experimental research ; Insect larvae ; Austria
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  • 26
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    The problem of the co-existence of Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelb.), Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierz.) and Heterocope saliens Lill [Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 8 81-94, 1954] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4907 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:45 | 4907 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: In freshwater environments of modest size and without notable ecological structure, there is usually present only one diaptomid species. When two or more diaptomid species are present in the same habitat, generally their body dimensions are distinctly different. There are only four examples of co-existence of Arctodiaptomus bacillifer (Koelb.) and Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierz.) situated at higher altitudes alpine lakes. The article discusses the results of sampling in the summer of 1953 and the problem of the co-existence of Arctodiaptomus bacillifer, Acanthodiaptomus denticornis and Heterocope saliens.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Interspecific relationships ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Population characteristics ; Arctodiaptomus bacillifer ; Acanthodiaptomus denticornis ; Heterocope saliens
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 27
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    Predation and selection in copepod populations of Alpine waters [Translation from: Bollettino di Zoologia 21 541-545, 1954] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4902 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:44:10 | 4902 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Zooplankton was studied in four alpine lakes in Switzerland, France and Italy. The presence the presence of the invertebrate predator Heterocope in three lakes was stated. It is then discussed why in three of these four lakes, the copepod Arctodiaptomus denticornis is present in the absence of Arctodiaptomus bacillifer, and vice versa respectively in the second and first parts of the lacustrine summer.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater lakes ; Predators ; Abundance ; Arctodiaptomus bacillifer ; Acanthodiaptomus denticornis
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  • 28
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    Flood circulation in oligomictic lakes: an undervalued reason for restriction of zooplankton production [Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 22 9-52, 1967] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4911 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:45:08 | 4911 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Dormancy has been observed in several species of Cyclops. Animals in dormancy are characterised by almost complete inactivity of the main appendages and sluggish intestinal peristalsis. In Cyclops vicinus dormancy can take place in copepod stages III (19%), IV (78%) and V (3%) but one and the same animal only in one developmental stage. The author gives his own results between frequency of dormancy and photoperiod (20 C, 1000 lux). He concludes that dormancy in C. vicinus can be influenced by day length and can be ended prematurely by short day length.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Freshwater lakes ; Biological surveys ; Lake dynamics ; Mixodiaptomus laciniatus ; Cyclops abyssorum ; Lake Maggiore
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 29
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    Studies on the complex formation of iron with humic substances [Translation from: Vom Wasser 53, 243-247, 1979] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4920 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:27 | 4920 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Most of the humic substances which occur in natural waters have an iron content of a few percent, indicated by the mg/1 content of organically-bonded carbon. This iron is apparently bound in a complex with the humic substances, for it quite plainly differs in its chemical and physico-chemical properties from what one would expect from the purely inorganic iron-water system. The deviations range from the solubility to the redox behaviour, and thus are frequently the basis of analytical and technical difficulties. The key to the solution of most of this problem lies in a better understanding of the aforementioned bonds between the iron and the humic substances. This paper studies the iron content of the humic substance concentration from a bog lake sample and the complexing of iron by humic substances from the surface of the bog lake.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Marshes ; Iron ; Humus ; pH
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  • 30
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    Profile soundings in lakes of the younger morainal area of Sleswick-Holstein with a sediment-echo-sounder of 30 kHz [Translation from: Wass.Boden 26, 135-138, 1974] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4962 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:39:11 | 4962 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: To be able to carry out physical, chemical and biological investigations on a lake, one needs a thorough knowledge of the volume of water and the shape of the lake basin. Little is known about the about the morphology of the lakes in Schleswig-Holstein and its ecological consequences. For this research a 30 KHz echo sounder with sediment transceiver was used to carry out profile determinations (echo soundings). This apparatus continuously records on paper the different reflexions and absorptions of the sediment and water body in the corresponding depth. By this, acoustically noticeable layers and different densities in the sediment and 'scattering layers' in the water body due to physical, chemical and biological reasons (e.g. plans and single fish) are made visible. Result are summarised here regarding the echo soundings in Blunker See.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Lake basins ; Lake morphology ; Echosounding ; Echo surveys ; Germany ; Blunker Lake
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  • 31
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    Individual growth and seasonal cycle of Daphnia middendorffiana in an Alpine lake [Translation from: Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia Dott.Marco de Marchi 26 41-83, 1970] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4969 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:43:15 | 4969 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: The problem of the peculiar reproductive biology of the cladoceran Daphnia middendorffiana is investigated from a cytological viewpoint, and by direct observation the meiotic phenomena of the eggs both subitaneous and resting is studied. and during maturation, the true mechanism of the succession of reproductive phases of different ecological significance. Samples were collected in the Italian Alpine Lake of Campo 4°.
    Description: Translated from Italian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Freshwater lakes ; Growth ; Moulting ; Population number ; Carapace ; Population density
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  • 32
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    The role of infusoria and bacteria as food for Cyclopoida in Rybinsk Reservoir [Translation from: Trudy Instituta Biologii Vnutrennykh Vodnany 22(25), 37-42, 1971] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4975 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:37:31 | 4975 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-07
    Description: Despite the fact that it is a long time sinc e the methods of collection and quantitative estimatio n of protozoa were worked out data on the abundance of these animals in freshwaters are not very numerous. Nevertheless, Infusoria and Rhizopoda at high densities are widespread in the water and sediments of lakes and reservoirs. In order to find ou t the importance of infusoria as a food source for cyclopoids we carried out experimental investigations using C14. For this three species of cyclopoids, widely distributed in open regions of Rybinsk reservoir were selected: Cyclops vicinus, Mesocyclops oithonoides and Kesocyclops leuckarti. The data presented give evidence that the species investigated are able as predators to consume infusorian plankton arid bacteria in the form of flocs or small clumps of detritus.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Feeding experiments ; Bacteria ; Feeding ; Russia ; Cyclops vicinus ; Mesocyclops oithonoides ; Kesocyclops leuckarti
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  • 33
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    Extent and biomass of the aquatic chariphytes and mosses in Lake Sevan [Translation from: Rasprostranenie i biomassa kharovykh vodoroslei i mkha v os. Sevan, 1951] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5028 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:31:58 | 5028 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This study focusses on the plants in the open parts of the lake - mostly aquatic charophytes and mosses, in what are called in Lake Sevan (Armenia), the ”zones of chara and moss”. Distribution and other ecological conditions are reviewed. Quantity of chara in the littoral zone of lake Sevan is provided
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Algae ; Aquatic plants ; Freshwater lakes ; Ecological distribution ; Armenia ; Sevan Lake
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  • 34
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    On the character of the phytoplankton of the Yakimvarskii Gulf (Lake Ladoga) [Translation from: Botanicheskii Zhurnal, T. 44, No. 9, 1311-1314, 1959] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5031 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:31:54 | 5031 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The Laboratory of Lake Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1956 undertook this complicated study of Lake Ladoga. The plan of the laboratory made allowance for the detailed investigation of the phytoplankton of the lake during a series of years. In the present article are given the preliminary results of observations on the phytoplankton of the Yakimvarskii Bay from 1956 to 1957. Details are also given on the concentration of dissolved gases and biogenic substances of the bay.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Phytoplankton ; Algae ; Dissolved gases ; Seasonal variations ; Biogenic material ; Lake Ladoga ; Russia
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  • 35
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    Some observations on the behaviour of plankton in waters discharged by the lakes [Translation from: Ost.bot.Zeit 103(1), 98-109, 1955] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5032 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:31:56 | 5032 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This information is based on the limnological observations of the very interesting and remarkable discharge of the Lunzer Obersee, (1117m). On journeying towards the Mittersee, the Lunzer Obersee discharge takes on all the characteristics of spring-water; it was found to be of interest to take note of the change of the composition of the water on those stretches of the course where it flows shows the ground. For this purpose it was necessary to take temperature-recordings, chemical examination of the water and a quantitative determination of the plankton. Samples were taken in 1954 of zooplankton at different times of the year at the discharge of the lake and analysed. The significant loss of organisms in the way of discharge is discussed.
    Description: Translated from German into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Zooplankton ; Limnological surveys ; Quantitative distribution ; Austria
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  • 36
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    Advisory report on nutrient levels and related ecology of Malham Tarn (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5092 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:25:26 | 5092 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Aspects of reported nutrient levels and their ecological implications for Malham Tarn are discussed. Discussion centres upon the data given here as appendices, involving possible evidence of a long-term increase in the concentrations of some nutrients (especially nitrate) of significance for the Tarn's ecology and conservation. Further comparative tests of some methods of chemical analysis employed in obtaining those data are reported.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Freshwater lakes ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Nitrates ; Phosphorus ; Alkalinity ; Methodology ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Hydrology ; England ; Malham Tarn
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  • 37
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    Corroborative studies on the effects of sample variation on three macroinvertebrate biological assessment methods at different water quality states (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5259 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:27 | 5259 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In recent collaborative biological sampling exercises organised by the Nottingham Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority, the effect of handnet sampling variation on the quality and usefulness of the data obtained has been questioned, especially when this data is transcribed into one or more of the commonly used biological methods of water quality assessment. This study investigates if this effect is constant at sites with similar typography but differing water quality states when the sampling method is standardized and carried out by a single operator. An argument is made for the use of a lowest common denominator approach to give a more consistent result and obviate the effect of sampling variation on these biological assessment methods.
    Description: Bilateral study of methods 2 - Pollution Report No.8
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Samplers ; Methodology ; Standardization ; Rivers ; Invertebrate larvae ; England ; Trent River
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  • 38
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    Investigations on phytoplankton with special reference to water usage (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5281 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:31 | 5281 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Experiments and observations on the phytoplankton of certain lakes in the English Lake District were made from early 1973 to the end of March, 1974. They included laboratory and lake bioassays and observations on the quantity and quality of the phytoplankton in six lakes. The introductory sections of the report are about algae, the ecology of phytoplankton and the scope of the contracted work. Laboratory bioassays on water from one lake, Blelham Tarn, showed that phosphorus, silicon (for diatoms) and organic substances forming complexes with iron were the major substances limiting the growth of the algae tested. The growth of the test algae was limited to different degrees by those substances and, to some extent, to a greater or lesser degree at different times of year. It is suggested that a relatively simple form of bioassay could give valuable information to water undertakings. Lake bioassays and other experiments were carried out by using large in situ tubular plastic enclosures. Two such investigations are described. The effects of a change in sewerage in two drainage basins on the phytoplankton of three lakes is described and some data given about changes since 1945 in three other lakes in the same overall drainage basin. These latter lakes have been affected too by changes in sewerage and by increasing inputs of domestic and agricultural wastes. Throughout, the relevance of the work done to practical problems of water usage is kept in mind and discussed. In the last section special reference is made to the largely unpredictable results of water transfers. The report ends with a note on river phytoplankton.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Management ; Phytoplankton ; Water use ; Water supply ; Freshwater lakes ; Bioassays ; Tests ; Controlled conditions ; Thermal stratification ; Tubing ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Diatoms ; England ; English Lake District
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  • 39
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    Ecological indicators of water quality in small rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5270 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:29 | 5270 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: At the present time hydrobiological indicators are widely used for the control of surface water quality. Results of the applying of methods suggested at the 1st Soviet-American seminar (1975), development of improved methods and estimation of their usefulness for various conditions are presented in this report. Among the criteria permitting an estimation of the degree and character of changes in water quality and their connection with the functioning of river ecosystems in general, the biological tests of natural waters appears to be the most universal one and is being carried out in two main directions — ecological and physiological. This study summarises approaches in both directions.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; River water ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Indicators
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  • 40
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
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  • 41
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    Eutrophication and the management of planktonic algae: What Vollenweider couldn't tell us (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5285 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:44 | 5285 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The ”Vollenweider model” is a sophisticated mathematical statement about the long-range behaviour of (mainly temperate) lakes and their ability to support phytoplankton chlorophyll. Misapplication of the model, against which Vollenweider himself warned, has led to many misconceptions about the dynamics of plankton in lakes and reservoirs and about how best to manage systems subject to eutrophication. This contribution intends to frame the most important issues in context of the phosphorus- loading and phosphorus-limitation concepts. Emphasis is placed on the need to distinguish rate-limitation from capacity-limitation, to understand which is more manageable and why, to discern the mechanisms of internal recycling and their importance, and to appreciate the respective roles of physical and biotic components in local control of algal dynamics. Some general approaches to the management of water quality in lakes and reservoirs to eutrophication are outlined.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Models ; Phosphorus ; Ecosystem management ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Plant growth ; Growth regulators ; Freshwater lakes
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  • 42
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    The control of indirect effects of biomanipulation (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5289 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:12 | 5289 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Results from long-term investigations on biomanipulation show that indirect effects are at least as important as direct effects are for the stability of biomanipulation. Three types of indirect effects can be distinguished: (1) a change in quantity or quality of the resource base, (2) behavioural change of the prey, and (3) development of anti-predator traits. Although indirect effects of type (2), (e.g. a change in the pattern of vertical migration of zooplankton), and type (3), (e.g. development of helmets and neck teeth in Daphnia), are important mechanisms, the most essential indirect effects regarding biomanipulation belong to type (1). An example of the latter will be demonstrated: the complex of indirect effects of enhanced grazing by large herbivores on the phosphorus metabolism of the lake. It is concluded that control of the indirect effects is absolutely necessary to stabilize biomanipulation measures, but this is much more difficult than the control of direct effects and needs deeper insights into the structuring mechanisms of food webs. Proper management of fish stocks, in combination with the control of phosphorus load and/or the physical conditions, seems to be the most promising way of controlling the indirect effects of biomanipulation.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Biomanipulation ; Water quality control ; Food webs ; Phosphorus
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    The significance of sedimentation and sediments to phytoplankton growth in drinking-water reservoirs (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5290 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:14 | 5290 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In the mesotrophic-eutrophic Saidenbach Reservoir in Saxony, the nanoplankton and cyanobacteria have increased at the expense of diatom dominance, due to a doubling of the external phosphorus load in the last 15 years. However, the phosphorus sedimentation flux is still very high (up to 80% of the input), corresponding to more than 2 g m2 d-1 in terms of dry weight. There is a strong correlation between the abundance of diatoms in the euphotic zone and their sedimentation flux (with a delay of about 2 weeks). Only about 25% of the deposited material could be clearly attributed to plankton biomass; the remainder resulted from flocculation and precipitation processes or directly from the inflow of clay minerals. The ash content of the deposited material was high (73%). Thus the sedimentation flux can be considered to operate as an internal water-treatment/oligotrophication process within the lake. The neighbouring Neunzehnhain Reservoir still has a very clear water with a transparency up to 18 m depth. Though the sediment was not much lower than Saidenbach sediment in total phosphorus and total numbers of bacteria, sulphide was always absent and the ratio of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ was very low in the upper (0- 5 cm) layer. Thus the external and internal phosphorus loads do not attain the critical level necessary to induce a ”phosphorus - phytoplankton” feedback loop.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Water quality control ; Phosphorus ; Water reservoirs ; Phytoplankton ; Growth ; Sedimentation ; Sediment composition ; Germany
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    Physical measures to inhibit planktonic cyanobacteriae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5295 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:49 | 5295 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In a small lake, intermittent destratification was installed after several other physico-chemical and physical in-lake therapy measures (phosphorus immobilization, permanent destratification) had been tested without great success. If an aerobic sediment-water interface can be maintained, intermittent destratification removes cyanobacteria and prevents optimal development of other members of the photoautotrophic plankton. During growing seasons, increasing abundances of small-bodied herbivores (Bosmina) and Daphnia may have accounted for relatively low phytoplankton biomass as well. Intermittent destratification is a very fast-working in-lake measure and seems to be applicable even in relatively shallow lakes (〈 15 m), in which permanent destratification seems to be risky.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Destratification ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Phosphorus ; Eutrophic lakes ; Inhibitors ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Biomass ; Germany ; Fischkaltersee
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    Development of trophic state and phytoplankton in an oligo-mesotrophic reservoir (Kleine Kinzig) in Black Forest, Germany (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5292 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:07 | 5292 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Since 1989, intensive studies have been made on a relatively new (1983-84) oligotrophic reservoir and its pre-reservoir in the Black Forest. This paper briefly reports on the hydrochemistry, especially annual variations in phosphorus loadings, and the seasonal development of phytoplankton in 1989 and 1990.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Water reservoirs ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Biomass ; Phytoplankton ; Oligotrophic lakes ; Germany ; Kleine Kinzig Reservoir
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    Calcite covering of sediment as a possible way of curbing blue-green algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5291 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:52 | 5291 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Natural calcite precipitation in lakes is a well-known control mechanism of eutrophication. In hard-water lakes, calcite deposits on the flat bottoms of shallow lakes and near the shores of deeper lakes resulted from biogenic decalcification during the millenia after the last glacial period. The objective of a new restoration technology is to intensify the natural process of precipitation by utilizing the different qualities of calcareous mud layers. In a pilot experiment in Lake Rudower See, East Germany, phosphorus-poor deeper layers of the sediments were flushed out and spread over the phosphorus-rich uppermost sediments, to promote the co- precipitation of calcite with phosphorus from the water-column.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Phosphorus ; Calcitization ; Algal blooms ; Calcite ; Sedimentation ; Germany
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
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    Changes of water quality and sediment phosphorus of a small productive lake following decreased phosphorus loading (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5293 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:09 | 5293 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Esthwaite Water is the most productive or eutrophic lake in the English Lake District. Since 1945 its water quality has been determined from weekly or biweekly measurements of temperature, oxygen, plant nutrients and phytoplankton abundance. The lake receives phosphorus from its largely lowland-pasture catchment, sewage effluent from the villages of Hawkshead and Near Sawrey, and from a cage-culture fish farm. From 1986 phosphorus has been removed from the sewage effluent of Hawkshead which was considered to contribute between 47% and 67% of the total phosphorus loading to the lake. At the commencement of phosphorus removal regular measurements of phosphorus in the superficial 0-4 cm layer of lake sediment were made from cores collected at random sites. Since 1986 the mean annual concentration of alkali-extractable sediment phosphorus has decreased by 23%. This change is not significant at the 5% level but nearly so. There has been no marked change in water quality over this period. Summer dominance of blue-green algae which arose in the early 1980s after decline of the previous summer forms, Ceratium spp., has been maintained. Improvement in water quality is unlikely to be achieved at the present phosphorus loading.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Freshwater lakes ; Limnological surveys ; Phosphorus ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Sediment analysis ; Water quality ; England ; Esthwaite Water
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    The scope for biomanipulation in improving water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5288 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:15 | 5288 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Biomanipulation is a form of biological engineering in which organisms are selectively removed or encouraged to alleviate the symptoms of eutrophication. Most examples involve fish and grazer zooplankton though mussels have also been used. The technique involves continuous management in many deeper lakes and is not a substitute for nutrient control. In some lakes, alterations to the lake environment have given longer-term positive effects. And in some shallow lakes, biomanipulation may be essential, alongside nutrient control, in re- establishing former aquatic-plant-dominated ecosystems which have been lost through severe eutrophication. The emergence of biomanipulation techniques emphasises that lake systems are not simply chemical reactors which respond simply to engineered chemical changes, but very complex and still very imperfectly understood ecosystems which require a yet profounder understanding before they can be restored with certainty.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Freshwater lakes ; Biomanipulation ; Water quality control
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    Structural dynamic eutrophication models (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5299 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:19 | 5299 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This article discusses problems of modelling the seasonal succession of algal species in lakes and reservoirs, and the adaptive selection of certain groups of algae in response to changes in the inputs and relative concentrations of nutrients and other environmental variables. A new generation of quantitative models is being developed which attempts to translate some important biological properties of species (survival, variation, inheritance, reproductive rates and population growth) into predictions about the survival of the fittest, where ”fitness” is measured or estimated in thermodynamic terms. The concept of ”exergy” and its calculation is explored to examine maximal exergy as a measure of fitness in ecosystems, and its use for calculating changes in species composition by means of structural dynamic models. These models accomodate short-term changes in parameters that affect the adaptive responses (species selection) of algae.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Energy ; Inland water environment ; Thermodynamics
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    A tool for better management of water quality during periods of algal blooms: the case of the River Oise (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5300 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:17 | 5300 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Like other rivers in the Paris area, the Oise is subject to important seasonal algal blooms. This eutrophication generates notable problems for the production of drinking-water from a treatment plant on the river at Méry. A mathematical model has been developed to simulate variation in water quality in a pre-treatment storage basin, and another model is currently being adapted to model the River Oise. Integration of the two models should provide a comprehensive tool for predicting variations of phytoplankton and water-quality parameters associated with algal blooms. This will be a decision-aid for optimizing control of the treatment process for providing potable water.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Water treatment ; Water supply ; Modelling ; Models ; Phytoplankton ; Water management ; France ; Oise River
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    The ecological impact of different mechanisms of chronic sub-lethal toxicity on feeding and respiratory physiology (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5307 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:39 | 5307 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sub-lethal toxicity tests, such as the scope-for-growth test, reveal simple relationships between measures of contaminant concentration and effect on respiratory and feeding physiology. Simple models are presented to investigate the potential impact of different mechanisms of chronic sub-lethal toxicity on these physiological processes. Since environmental quality is variable, even in unimpacted environments, toxicants may have differentially greater impacts in poor compared to higher quality environments. The models illustrate the implications of different degrees and mechanisms of toxicity in response to variability in the quality of the feeding environment, and variability in standard metabolic rate. The models suggest that the relationships between measured degrees of toxic stress, and the maintenance ration required to maintain zero scope-for-growth, may be highly nonlinear. In addition it may be possible to define critical levels of sub-lethal toxic effect above which no environment is of sufficient quality to permit prolonged survival.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Toxicity ; Sublethal effects ; Toxicity tests ; Models ; Metabolism ; Narcosis ; Animal physiology ; Risk management ; Respiration
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    Molecular biomarkers and toxic consequences of impact by organic pollution in aquatic organisms (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5314 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:13 | 5314 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Organic contaminants are readily bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms. Exposure to and toxic effects of contaminants can be measured in terms of the biochemical responses of the organisms (i.e. molecular biomarkers). The hepatic biotransformation enzyme cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) in vertebrates is specifically induced by organic contaminants such as aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and dioxins, and is involved in chemical carcinogenesis via catalysis of the covalent binding of organic contaminants to DNA (DNA-adducts). Hepatic CYP1A induction has been used extensively and successfully as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure in fish. Fewer but equally encouraging studies in fish have used hepatic bulky, hydrophobic DNA-adducts as biomarkers of organic contaminant damage. Much less is known of the situation in marine invertebrates, but a CYPlA-like enzyme with limited inducibility and some potential for biomarker application is indicated. Stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is another potential mechanism of organic contaminant-mediated DNA and other damage in aquatic organisms. A combination of antioxidant (enzymes, scavengers) and pro-oxidant (oxidised DNA bases, lipid peroxidation) measurements may have potential as a biomarker of organic contaminant exposure (particularly those chemicals which do not induce CYP1A) and/or oxidative stress, but more studies are required. Both CYP1A- and ROS-mediated toxicity are indicated to result in higher order deleterious effects, including cancer and other aspects of animal fitness.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Toxicity ; Aquatic organisms ; Biological pollutants ; Enzymes ; Hydrocarbons ; Mutagens ; Pollutants ; Animal diseases ; Fish
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    Viruses and drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5320 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:44 | 5320 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is no evidence to indicate that there is a risk of acquiring a virus infection through the consumption of properly treated drinking water, provided the integrity of the distribution system is maintained and there is no post-treatment contamination. The consumption of inadequately treated, untreated or post-treatment contaminated water is, however, associated with a risk of hepatitis A, hepatitis E and viral gastroenteritis. The use of the standard bacterial indicators for water monitoring provides an adequate safeguard against viral contamination.
    Keywords: Health ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Viral diseases ; Viruses ; Water treatment ; Pollution indicators
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
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    Zooplankton patchiness (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5312 | 3949 | 2020-08-23 05:42:57 | 5312 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review considers three general aspects of research on zooplankton patchiness: the detection of patchiness, the description of patchiness and the causes of patchiness.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Horizontal distribution ; Annual report
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    Metallothionein as an indicator of water quality: assessment of the bioavailability of cadmium, copper, mercury and zinc in aquatic animals at the cellular level (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5313 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:23 | 5313 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The study of metallothioneins (MTs) has greatly improved our understanding of body burdens, metal storage and detoxification in aquatic organisms subjected to contamination by the toxic heavy metals, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn. These studies have shown that in certain organisms MT status can be used to assess impact of these metals at the cellular level and, whilst validation is currently limited to a few examples, this stress response may be linked to higher levels of organisation, thus indicating its potential for environmental quality assessment. Molluscs, such as Mytilus spp., and several commonly occurring teleost species, are the most promising of the indicator species tested. Natural variability of MT levels caused by the organism's size, condition, age, position in the sexual cycle, temperature and various stressors, can lead to difficulties in interpretation of field data as a definitive response-indicator of metal contamination unless a critical appraisal of these variables is available. From laboratory and field studies these data are almost complete for teleost fish. Whilst for molluscs much of this information is lacking, when suitable controls are utilised and MT measurements are combined with observations of metal partitioning, current studies indicate that they are nevertheless a powerful tool in the interpretation of impact, and may prove useful in water quality assessment.
    Keywords: Environment ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Cadmium ; Copper ; Mercury ; Zinc ; Aquatic animals ; Cytology ; Metallothioneins ; Environmental monitoring ; Indicators ; Scotland
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    Production of positive controls for calcivirus-specific PCR using recombinant baculiovirus technology (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5321 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:11 | 5321 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Recent advances in our knowledge of the genetic structure of human caliciviruses (HuCVs) and small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) have led to the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular tests specific for these viruses. These methods have been developed to detect a number of human pathogenic viruses in environmental samples including water, sewage and shellfish. HuCVs and SRSVs are not culturable, and no animal model is currently available. Therefore there is no convenient method of preparing viruses for study or for reagent production. One problem facing those attempting to use PCR-based methods for the detection of HuCVs and SRSVs is the lack of a suitable positive control substrate. This is particularly important when screening complex samples in which the levels of inhibitors present may significantly interfere with amplificiation. Regions within the RNA polymerase regions of two genetically distinct human caliciviruses have been amplified and used to produce recombinant baculoviruses which express RNA corresponding to the calicivirus polymerase. This RNA is being investigated as a positive control substrate for PCR testing, using current diagnostic primer sets. Recombinant baculovirus technology will enable efficient and cost-effective production of large quantities of positive control RNA with a specific known genotype. We consider the development of these systems as essential for successful screening and monitoring applications.
    Keywords: Health ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Viruses ; Viral diseases ; RNA ; Primers ; Cloning ; Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning ; Public health ; Sewages
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    Tastes and odours in potable water:perception versus reality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5324 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:13 | 5324 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Tastes and odours are amongst the few water quality standards immediately apparent to a consumer and, as a result, account for most consumer complaints about water quality. Although taste and odour problems can arise from a great many sources, from an operational point of view they are either ”predictable” or ”unpredictable”. The former - which include problems related to actinomycete and algal growth - have a tendency to occur in certain types of water under certain combinations of conditions, whereas the latter - typically chemical spills - can occur anywhere. Long-term control is one option for predictable problems, although biomanipulation on a large scale has had utile success. Detection and avoidance is a more practicable option for both predictable and unpredictable problems, particularly if the distribution network can be serviced from other sources. Where these are not feasible, then water treatment, typically using activated carbon, is possible. In general there is a reasonable understanding of what compounds cause taste and odour problems, and how to treat these. An efficient taste and odour control programme therefore relies ultimately on good management of existing resources. However, a number of problems lie outside the remit of water supply companies and will require more fundamental regulation of activities in the catchment.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Sociology ; Water supply ; Taste ; Odour ; Water treatment ; Fresh water ; Monitoring
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    Bacterial production of nitrate in aquatic systems: progress report. Nitrate-loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5126 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:23:16 | 5126 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: This short interim progress report builds on previous progress reports which have described the quantification of the process both within and between lakes of different degrees of eutrophication. These data indicated that slight changes in methodology, particularly when investigating sediment deposits, could grossly affect the measured activity. The aim of the present research was an attempt to rationalize these differences. If this could be achieved it would enable meaningful interpretation of published data obtained using different methods and therefore enlarge the available database. In addition some observations have been made on the production of nitrite by Grasmere profundal sediment slurries sampled during the circulation period.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Nitrification ; Sedimentation ; Ammonia ; Slurries ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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    Geochemistry of lipids in lacustrine sediments (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5171 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:48 | 5171 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An explanation of the basic premises of the subject and its terminology is given. The article then outlines aspects of research on the organic material found in lacustrine sediments, and the analytical methods involved.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Earth Sciences ; Diagenesis ; Freshwater lakes ; Geochemistry ; Lipids ; Sediment analysis ; Annual report
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    Monitoring the trophic status of reservoirs (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5206 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:23 | 5206 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The current situation of regional, rather' than national, problems of eutrophication in standing waters has been widely aired in recent reports. A reliable, quantitative data base is a prerequisite to future trend monitoring, a concensus view of those reports. The objective of this report is to establish requirements, methodology and a minimal data set for nutrient and algae status in water supply reservoirs in England which may be used as a protocol for future trend monitoring.A pilot study has been carried out to assess the relative merits of different sampling strategies, the choice of which has major implications for the cost of sample collection. This short report suggests that consider the possibility of designating a few sites as ”baseline sites” at which detailed changes in trophic status as monitored by the more labour-intensive parameters would be collected on a regular, long term basis to help in the interpretation of the low cost survey results.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Monitoring ; Surveying ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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    Nitrates - loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5208 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:34 | 5208 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This project investigated the production of nitrate (nitrification) by bacteria in lakes. The work was undertaken as nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle and previous estimates of rates of nitrification were unreliable. When different methods were used to estimate rates of nitrification within sediment deposits different results were obtained. Investigation' of specific aspects of these methodologies has allowed some rationalization of these observations and also enabled comparisons of previously published data which, beforehand, was not possible. However, it was not clear which methods gave the most reliable rate estimates. Calculation of a nitrate budget for Grasmere lake indicated that the use of methods which involved the mixing of surface sediments (and therefore disrupted preformed nutrient gradients) overestimated the rate of nitrification. The study concludes that slight changes in the method used to prepare sediment slurries can result in large changes, in the measured nitrifying activity. This makes comparisons between studies, using different methods, extremely difficult. Methods to study sediment nitrification processes which do not disrupt preformed substrate gradients within the sediment provide the most reliable rate estimates.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Nitrification ; Freshwater lakes ; Sediment samples ; Slurries ; Seasonal variations ; Methodology ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Pollution and water quality control of the River Tejo. Report on a visit to Portugal, Sep 27th - October 10th, 1987 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5221 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:07 | 5221 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Fundamental changes in the management of water resources in Portugal are now evolving. Five regional organisations termed Administracaos de Regiao Hidrographic (ARH), will be created to manage water resources within their respective geographical areas. These areas will be catchment based. As a fore-runner to the implementation of the five ARH's a foundation project has been established within the Direcao-Geral do Recursos Naturais to examine the practical implications of the new system. This project has been divided into a number of sub-projects and complementary projects to include the Tejo complementary project. The Tejo complementary project is the focus of this report. The report is to advise on the role of biology in the proposed ARH, to establish priorities for biological studies within the present Projecto de Gestao Integrada dos Recursos Hidricos da Bacia Hidrografica do Rio Tejo (PGIRH/T) and to assist with the planning of laboratory facilities for biology at the new PGIRH/T laboratory at Alges, Lisboa.
    Keywords: Law ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Ecosystem management ; Water management ; Water authorities ; Laboratories ; Environmental monitoring ; Fishery management ; Water policy ; Portugal ; Tagus River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Nitrates in surface water, inputs and seasonality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5222 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:09 | 5222 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Because of the widespread concern over increasing nitrate concentrations in river water , the Freshwater Biological Association has undertaken a study to investigate seasonality, nitrate concentrations and loads in the River Frome catchment in relation to land use and compare the results for 1984/86 with data obtained in 1970/71. Information on land use changes and fertiliser applications were obtained both from MAFF and individual farmers. The study concludes that input of nitrogen from rainfall to the River Frome catchment had not significantly changed between 1970/71 and 1984/86.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Nitrogen ; Rain ; River discharge ; Monitoring ; Sewage ; Nitrates ; Fertilizers ; England ; Frome River
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    Joint research project on the aquatic ecotoxicity of organo-aluminium: Chemical reactions. First interim report (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5225 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:36 | 5225 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The overall goal of the joint research project is to relate the chemical reactions involved in the formation of organo-aluminium complexes under acid conditions to their toxic effects on the physiology of aquatic organisms. Finally, this research is intended to predict toxic effects arising from acidity and aluminium under varying environmental conditions. This interim report examines the chemical modelling of ion-binding by humic substances where a computer model has been developed and is being tested using field data, and conditions required for the precipitation of aluminium in surface waters.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Models ; Humic acids ; Surface water ; Aluminium compounds ; Aluminium ; Ions ; Toxicity ; England ; Duddon River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Analysis of soils and sediments for organic pollutants (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5224 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:34 | 5224 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: 20 samples of soil or sediment (7 of which were predominantly sand) from various locations were received for analysis of their content of organic pollutants. These analyses were performed using a capillary column gas chromatograph equipped with an electron impact (E.I.) mass spectrometer as detector and using computerised data storage. In addition to the target compounds, the full scan data were examined to determine the composition of natural organic products and a series of diagnostic fragment ions was used to search for additional anthropogenic products. Organic-rich environmental samples are notoriously difficult to analyse for pollutant organics owing to the presence of high concentrations of many natural organic compounds. A single procedure for extraction and clean-up was adopted. It was designed for chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and other pesticides containing acidic functional groups and was based on published methods for the determination of organic pollutants in soils and sediments. 4 soils and 2 sands showed levels of one or two groups of PCBs slightly in excess of the detection limit, one sample showed a similar level of 2,4-D and 3 samples contained dieldrin at or just above the detection limit.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Organic matter ; Methodology ; Dioxins ; Sediment sampling ; Hydrocarbon analysis ; Hydrocarbons ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Africa: the FBA connection (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5246 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:18 | 5246 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Since its inception in the 1930's the Freshwater Biological Association at Windermere, England has been involved in research on African lakes and rivers. Research has included general and multidisciplinary surveys of many lakes including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Lake George. The hydrobiology of the River Nile has also been studied. Research into physical and chemical limnology, phytoplankton ecology and primary productivity, invertebrate biology, freshwater fish and fisheries.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Algae ; Chemical limnology ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater lakes ; Hydrobiology ; Invertebrate zoology ; Parasitology ; Physical limnology ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Research programs ; Rivers ; Tropical lakes ; Cichlidae ; Crustacea ; Invertebrata ; Mollusca ; Pisces ; Africa ; River Nile ; Lake Victoria ; Annual report
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    Physiological ecology of the ciliated protozoon Loxodes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5244 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:14:07 | 5244 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Loxodes faces special problems in living close to the oxic-anoxic boundary. In tightly-stratified ponds like Priest Pot its optimum environment may be quite narrow and it can be displaced by the slightest turbulence. Loxodes cannot sense an O sub(2) gradient directly but its ability to perceive gravity allows it to make relatively long vertical migrations. It is also sensitive to light and oxygen and it uses these environmental cues to modulate the parameters of its random motility: in the dark, it aggregates at a low O sub(2) tension and in bright light it aggregates in anoxic water. The oxic-anoxic boundary is also a zone where O sub(2) may be a scarce and transient resource, but Loxodes) can switch to nitrate respiration and exploit the pool of nitrate that often exists close to the base of the oxycline.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Anoxic conditions ; Dissolved oxygen ; Ecophysiology ; Freshwater lakes ; Light effects ; Physiochemical properties ; Turbulence ; Vertical migrations ; Loxodes ; England ; Cumbria ; Annual report
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    Analysis and adsorption of phosalone on aquatic sediment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5257 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:23 | 5257 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Phosalone is a non systematic, wide spectrum organophosphate pesticide which was discovered in 1961 in the laboratories of the Societe des Usines Chimique Rhone-Poulenc in France. It has been approved for commercial use since 1964 in France, in Australia since 1966, in the United Kingdom in 1967 and in many other countries including Japan, Egypt, USSR and the USA. This study provides a full literature review on all aspects of phosalone including its physical, biological and chemical characteristics, and analytical methods of analysis with particular reference to soils/sediments. Furthermore, it aims to develop a method for the determintion of phosalone in aquatic sediments and to determine the adsorption of phosalone onto kaolinite.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Insecticides ; Metabolism ; Toxicity ; Biodegradation ; Adsorption
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    Description of sampling stations, methods of benthic sampling and biological water quality assessment; with some consideration of the influence of sample variation on the assessment values obtained (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5258 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:25 | 5258 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The first bilateral study of methods of biological sampling and biological methods of water quality assessment took place during June 1977 on selected sampling sites in the catchment of the River Trent (UK). The study was arranged in accordance with the protocol established by the joint working group responsible for the Anglo-Soviet Environmental Agreement. The main purpose of the bilateral study in Nottingham was for some of the methods of sampling and biological assessment used by UK biologists to be demonstrated to their Soviet counterparts and for the Soviet biologists to have the opportunity to test these methods at first hand in order to judge the potential of any of these methods for use within the Soviet Union. This paper is concerned with the nine river stations in the Trent catchment.
    Description: Bilateral study of methods 1 - Pollution Report No.8
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Statistical sampling ; Samplers ; International cooperation ; Methodology ; England ; Trent River
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    Processes controlling the quantities of biogenic materials in lakes and reservoirs subject to cultural eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5262 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:47 | 5262 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The processes which control the growth, composition, succession and loss from suspension of phytoplankton algae are briefly reviewed, with special reference to function in eutrophic reservoir systems. The ecology of larger algal biomasses supported by high nutrient loading rates are more likely to be subject to physical (wash-out, underwater light penetration, thermal stability and mixing) than to chemical constraints. Sudden changes in the interactions between physical factors temporarily impair the growth of dominant algal species, and advance the succession. Certain algae may be cropped heavily, but selectively, by zooplankton feeding, but they are rarely the species which cause problems in waterworks practice. Grazing, however, does influence succession. A deeper understanding of the operation of loss control mechanism is urgently required. Potentially, manipulation of the physical environment provides an important means of alleviating day-to-day algal problems in eutrophic reservoirs; in terms of cost effectiveness these may prove to be more attractive than reducing nutrient loads at source.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton
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    Modelling algal blooms (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5256 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:21 | 5256 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This is the final report on the research project to develop predictive models to quantify algal blooms in relation to environmental variables. The project's objectives were to develop models simulating the impact of vertical structure and mass transfer upon the dynamics of planktonic algae, including cyanobacteria, in lakes and reservoirs, to assess the potential of sedimentary phosphorus to sustain algal growth following reduction in external loading and to expand and enhance formulations to predict behaviour of blue-green algal populations and to incorporate these into a model software package. As part of the project a strategy for the production of a user-friendly packaging for the modelling software PROTEC-2 adaptable to particular sites was developed.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Modelling ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Computer programs ; Water quality
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    Bassenthwaite Lake: a general assessment of environmental and biological features and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5254 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:03 | 5254 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Benthos ; England ; Bassenthwaite Lake
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    A general assessment of environmental and biological features of Windermere and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5255 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:19 | 5255 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Sediments ; England ; Windermere Lake
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    Scientific investigations into the eutrophication of the Norfolk Broads (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5263 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:49 | 5263 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The word ”Broads” is used to describe a series of relatively shallow lakes resulting from the flooding of medieval peat diggings. Broadland is essentially freshwater, but because the rivers have such low gradients the lower reaches are brackish. The influence of tide is particularly apparent on the River Yare; in Norwich 40 km from the sea there is a vertical movement of half a metre at spring tide. This study examines the problems that the broadlands are facing. The problems are basically the progressive loss of aquatic plants, in particular the macro- phytes, animal life, outbreaks of avian botulism, occasional fish kills due to a toxin produced by the blue-green alga Prymesium parvum and the emergence of very heavy algal blooms. The main factor for the deteriation of the Broaslands is the eutrophication resulting from enhanced nutrient inputs, in particular of nitrates and phosphates, from a variety of sources. The most important of these are sewage effluents, agricultural drainage, which includes fertilisers and nutrient rich effluents from piggeries and dairy un
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Freshwater lakes ; Eutrophication ; Algae ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Pollution effects ; Water quality ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Hydrobiological service for observations and control of surface waters in the USSR (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5264 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:04 | 5264 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Technological progress, having reached in our time an unprecedented speed, is still increasing the rate of mineral extraction, industrial construction, and the mastering of new kinds of energy is growing. Correspondingly the anthropogenic load on the biosphere is increased and that requires the comprehensive development of monitoring the anthropogenic changes in the natural environment. Among problems resulting from the scientific-technological development, a noticeable place is given to the problem of pure water. Surface land waters proved to be a sensitive link in the natural environment. The hydrobiological service for observations and control of the surface waters is one of the subsystems of the State/Federal Service for Observations and Control of pollution levels in environmental objects, conducted by the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeor- ology and Control of the Natural Environment. This paper summarises the the main principles of the organisation and goals of the national system of monitoring of the state of the natural environment in the USSR.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Monitoring ; Water policy ; Water bodies ; Pollution control ; Water quality control ; Russia ; USSR
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Methods of determining the quality of water using the functional characteristics of algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5267 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:12 | 5267 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In the study of questions relating to the quality of raw water and the biological produc- tivity of water bodies algal indicators have an important place. Despite the importance of these functional indicators in determining the quality of water and the nature of the production processes as a basis for preserving the ecological equilibrium of aquatic ecosystems, their use in the system of hydrobiological methods of monitoring the quality of surface water has not received proper consideration. This paper aims to analyse the matter and the possibl use of functional algal criteria in the system for the biological monitoring of aquatic objects and also to give some results in using these criteria.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Algal culture ; Tests ; Test organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Polyphemus pediculus (L.) (Cladocera) as a possible indicator of water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5268 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:26 | 5268 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Usually stenobiotic species are used as hydrobiological indicators of the degree of pollution in natural waters. Cladocera are eurybiotic organisms, therefore their role as specific indicators of the water quality is considered to be insignificant. However, considering new methods Cladocera at present are more and more often used as indicators of oligo- and mesosaprobic waters as well as of the presence of considerable amounts of easily degradable organic matter. Work over many years on the biology of Polyphemus pediculus, this striking representative of the order Cladocera, convinced the author of the possibility of using this species not only as an indicator of water purity but also for the estimation of the degree of water pollution as well as of water characteristics such as colour, turbidity, oxgen content and chemical composition. P. pediculus is one of the most common and abundant species of planktonic crustaceans in shallow waters of reservoirs, rivers, lakes, ponds and temporary water bodies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Indicator species
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Comparison of systems of biological indication approved during the course of the joint Anglo-Soviet investigations held under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5265 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:07 | 5265 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In accordance with the plan for joint Anglo-Soviet scientific and technical collaboration on environmental problems, the comparative evaluation of systems of hydrobiological analysis of the surface water quality started in 1977 at the Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority in Nottingham were continued in the spring of 1978. The investigations were carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Hydrobiological and hydrochemical samples were collected by Soviet and British specialists from the Kiev reservoir and the rivers Dnieper, Sozh, Desna and Snov. The samples were processed on the expedition ships and in the Laboratory for the Hydrobiology of Small Water Bodies of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. The possible approved methods to be adopted were evaluated from the samples using the phytoperiphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos against a background of hydrochemical characteristics. The study concludes that weather conditions complicated the work on testing the systems of biological indication of water quality and made it inadvisable to use those methods of comparison which were used when similar work was carried out in Nottingham.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Sampling ; Methodology ; Rivers ; International cooperation ; Water reservoirs ; Indicators ; Surveys ; Ukraine ; USSR
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    Type: monograph
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    Determination of water quality in lakes by biological indices (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5269 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:28 | 5269 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Some problems of evaluation of water quality by biological indices which can be applied in the practice of ecological monitoring on water bodies are considered in this report. Taking into account, that ecological monitoring is the most urgent for large lakes, situated in civilised (urbanised) and (or) agrarian landscapes the corresponding problems will be considered mainly in conformity with large deep lakes of temperate latitudes. The aim is a general evaluation of some of the methods from the point of view of their possible application for monitoring on large water bodies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Ecosystem management ; Water quality control ; Freshwater lakes ; Indicators ; Classification ; Water quality ; Russia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 85
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    Approval of systems of Biological Indication of Water Quality under the auspices of the Severn-Trent Water Authority, UK (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5271 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:31 | 5271 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In accordance with the plan for joint Anglo-Soviet scientific and technical collaboration on environmental problems, the comparative evaluation of systems of hydrobiological analysis of the surface water quality started in 1977 at the Regional Laboratory of the Severn-Trent Water Authority in Nottingham were continued in the spring of 1978. The investigations were carried out under the auspices of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Hydrobiological and hydrochemical samples were collected by Soviet and British specialists from the Kiev reservoir and the rivers Dnieper, Sozh, Desna and Snov. The possible approved methods to be adopted were evaluated from the samples using the phytoperiphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos against a background of hydrochemical characteristics.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Indicators ; Indicator species ; Phytoplankton ; International cooperation ; Ukraine
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 86
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    The application of methods of ecosystem analysis to the evaluation of water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5266 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:10:09 | 5266 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Guided by experience and the theoretical development of hydrobiology, it can be considered that the main aim of water quality control should be the establishment of the rates of the self-purification process of water bodies which are capable of maintaining communities in a state of dynamic balance without changing the integrity of the ecosystem. Hence, general approaches in the elaboration of methods for hydrobiological control are based on the following principles: a. the balance of matter and energy in water bodies; b. the integrity of the ecosystem structure and of its separate components at all levels. Ecosystem analysis makes possible a revelation of the whole totality of factors which determine the anthropogenic evolution of a water body. This is necessary for the study of long-term changes in water bodies. The principles of ecosystem analysis of water bodies, together with the creation of their mathematical models, are important because, in future, with the transition of water demanding production into closed cycles of water supply, changes in water bodies will arise in the main through the influence of 'diffuse' pollution (from the atmosphere, with utilisation in transport etc.).
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Methodology ; Ecosystem management ; Ecosystems ; Water quality control ; Modelling ; Hydrobiology ; Water bodies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 10
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  • 87
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    Petroleum hydrocarbons in fresh waters: a preliminary desk study and bibliography (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5278 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:09 | 5278 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A literature survey was carried out into the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in freshwater, from the toxicity, biodegradability and concentration aspects. It was supplemented by a selective search on hydrocarbons in the marine environment for comparison. The aim was to determine the major inputs of these hydrocarbons, their accumulation, effects and fate in freshwaters. The search was confined to the period 1965-1978. The bibliography contains 390 references, divided by subject.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; literature reviews ; petroleum ; toxicity ; biodegradation
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    The impact of physical processes on algal growth (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5286 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:11:58 | 5286 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Mixing and transport processes in surface waters strongly influence the structure of aquatic ecosystems. The impact of mixing on algal growth is species-dependent, affecting the competition among species and acting as a selective factor for the composition of the biocoenose. Were it not for the ever-changing ”aquatic weather”, the composition of pelagic ecosystems would be relatively simple. Probably just a few optimally adapted algal species would survive in a given water-body. In contrast to terrestrial ecosystems, in which the spatial heterogeneity is primarily responsible for the abundance of niches, in aquatic systems (especially in the pelagic zone) the niches are provided by the temporal structure of physical processes. The latter are discussed in terms of the relative sizes of physical versus biological time-scales. The relevant time-scales of mixing and transport cover the range between seconds and years. Correspondingly, their influence on growth of algae is based on different mechanisms: rapid changes are relevant for the fast biological processes such as nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, and the slower changes are relevant for the less dynamic processes such as growth, respiration, mineralization, and settling of algal cells. Mixing time-scales are combined with a dynamic model of photosynthesis to demonstrate their influence on algal growth.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Freshwater lakes ; Physical limnology ; Models ; Growth ; Photosynthesis ; Water mixing
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    Eutrophication in the River Meuse (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5294 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:08:11 | 5294 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The severe problems caused by large phytoplankton populations in the River Meuse date back to the beginning of the 1980s. However, no clear relationship can be established between an increase of algal growth and dissolved nutrient concentrations, at least in the Belgian part of the river. Most probably, plankton algae start developing in France, utilizing large inputs of phosphorus from some of the tributaries: this point will be investigated further, as well as the effect of a reduction in the releases of phosphorus. A mathematical model helps to understand the main factors which control algal growth: underwater light, temperature, discharge and grazing by zooplankton. The last is a major loss process in summer and, as shown by recent observations, may trigger a seasonal succession leading to dominance by large phytoplankton taxa. With regard to water quality, eutrophication is a major problem in drinking-water treatment (filter clogging, etc.) and large numbers of decomposing algae may adversely affect the oxygen budget of the river. On the other hand, algal photosynthesis is the most important oxygen source at periods of low discharge, and reduced algal production may result in dramatic oxygen decreases in heavily polluted stretches of the river.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; River water ; Rivers ; Eutrophication ; Models ; Growth ; Algal blooms ; Biomass ; Dissolved oxygen ; Europe ; Meuse River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Management of Biesboch reservoirs for quality control with special reference to eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5297 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:45 | 5297 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The three Biesbosch Reservoirs are pumped storage reservoirs, fed with rather polluted and highly eutrophic water from the River Meuse. Air injection at the bottom of the reservoirs prevents thermal stratification, which would otherwise result in serious water quality deterioration. Reservoir mixing also serves as an economic algal control measure; mixing over sufficient depth causes light to play the role of limiting factor and this, combined with zooplankton grazing, keeps the biomass of phytoplankton at acceptable levels. Special problems are caused by benthic, geosmin-producing Oscillatoria species growing on the inner embankment. Rooting up the bottom with a harrow is used as the method of control, based on underwater observations by biological staff trained as SCUBA-divers. With regard to pollutant behaviour the three reservoirs act as a series of fully mixed reactors. This enables the application of kinetic models to describe their behaviour and allows the use of a selective intake policy, e.g. for suspended solids with associated contaminants, ammonia and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. A combination of selective intake and self- purification processes - enhanced by the compartmentalisation of the storage volume in three reservoirs - leads to a striking improvement for many water-quality parameters.
    Keywords: Limnology ; Management ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Water reservoirs ; Water management ; Phytoplankton ; Pollution control ; Water supply ; Netherlands
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Stress, shredders and streams: using gammarus energetics to assess water quality (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5308 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:41 | 5308 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This paper reviews the effectiveness of Gammarus scope for growth (SfG) as an indicator of water quality. In addition, the link between physiological changes and effects at higher levels of biological organisation is addressed. Exposure to a range of toxicants resulted in decreases in Gammarus SfG which were qualitatively and quantitatively correlated with subsequent reductions in growth and reproduction. Reductions in SfG were due principally to a decrease in energy intake (i.e. feeding rate) rather than an increase in energy expenditure. Gammarus pulex is an important shredder in many stream communities and stressed-induced reductions in its feeding activity were correlated with reductions in the processing of leaf litter by a semi-natural stream community. Hence, changes in the physiological energetics of Gammarus provide a general and sensitive indicator of stress which can be linked to effects at higher levels of biological organisation. Under long-term stress and hence prolonged reductions in SfG, animals may adapt by modifying their life-history strategies and producing fewer, larger offspring.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Indicator species ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Aquatic communities ; Pollution effects ; Pollution indicators ; Animal physiology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Acclimatization ; Bioassays ; Energy budget ; Environmental assessment ; Biological stress
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    From the individual to the community and beyond: water quality, stress indicators and key species in coastal waters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5304 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:04 | 5304 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review examines water quality and stress indicators at levels of organisation from the individual to the community and beyond by means of three case studies concentrating on rocky shores within the north-east Atlantic. Responses of dogwhelks (Nucella) to tributyltin pollution from antifouling paints is examined as the main case study. There are effects at the individual level (development of male sexual characteristics in the female leading to effective sterility) and population level (reduction in juveniles, few females and eventual population disappearance of dogwhelks in badly contaminated areas) but information on community level effects of dogwhelk demise is sparse. Such effects were simulated by dogwhelk removal experiments on well studied, moderately exposed ledges on shores on the Isle of Man. The removal of dogwhelks reduced the size and longevity of newly established Fucus clumps that had escaped grazing. Removal of dogwhelks also increased the likelihood of algal escapes. In a factorial experiment dogwhelks were shown to be less important than limpets \{Patella) in structuring communities but still had a significant modifying effect by increasing the probability of algal escapes. Community level responses to stress on rocky shores are then explored by reference to catastrophic impacts such as oil spills, using the Torrey Canyon as a case study. Recovery of the system in response to this major perturbation took between 10-15 years through a series of damped oscillations. The final case study is that of indicators of ecosystem level change in response to climate fluctuations, using ratios of northern \{Semibalanus balanoides) and southern (Chthamalus spp.) barnacles. Indices derived from counts on the shore show good correlations with inshore sea-water temperatures after a 2-year lag phase. The use of barnacles to measure offshore changes is reviewed. The discussion considers the use of bioindicators at various levels of organisation.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Oceanography ; Pollution ; Coastal zone ; Water quality ; Biological stress ; Pesticides ; Marine molluscs ; Oil spills ; Algae ; England
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    Detection of cryptosporidium oocysts in water and environmental concentrates (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5340 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:29 | 5340 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Whilst current methods for the isolation and enumeration of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water have provided some insight into their occurrence and significance, they are regarded as being inefficient, variable and time-consuming, with much of the interpretation being left to the expertise of the analyst. Two expectations of novel developments are to reduce the variability and subjectivity associated with the isolation and identification of oocysts. Flocculation, immunomagnetisable and flow cytometric techniques, for concentrating oocysts from water samples, should prove more reliable than current methods, whilst the development of more avid and specific monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with the use of nuclear fluorochromes will aid identification. Further insight into the viability, taxonomy, species identification, infectivity and virulence of the parasite should be forthcoming through the use of techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and non-uniform alternating current electrical fields. Such information is necessary in order to enable microbiologists, epidemiologists, engineers, utility operators and regulators to assess the safety of a water supply, with respect to Cryptosporidium contamination, more effectively.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Oocytes ; Protozoan diseases ; Parasites ; Life cycle ; Disease transmission ; Methodology ; Antibodies ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Luminescence ; Protists
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Recent progress in the identification and determination of freshwater phytoplankton in the natural environment (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5326 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:15 | 5326 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The biomass of the phytoplankton and its composition is one of the most important factors in water quality control. Determination of the phytoplankton assemblage is usually done by microscopic analysis (Utermöhl's method). Quantitative estimations of the biovolume, by cell counting and cell size measurements, are time-consuming and normally are not done in routine water quality control. Several alternatives have been tried: computer-based image analysis, spectral fluorescence signatures, flow cytometry and pigment fingerprinting aided by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The latter method is based on the fact that each major algal group of taxa contains a specific carotenoid which can be used for identification and relative quantification of the taxa in the total assemblage. This article gives a brief comparative introduction to the different techniques available and presents some recent results obtained by HPLC-based pigment fingerprinting, applied to three lakes of different trophic status. The results show that this technique yields reliable results from different lake types and is a powerful tool for studying the distribution pattern of the phytoplankton community in relation to water depth. However, some restrictions should be taken into account for the interpretation of routine data.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water supply ; Phytoplankton ; Identification ; Chromatographic techniques ; Water quality ; Water quality control ; Inland water environment ; Methodology ; Chlorophylls ; Germany
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    Photosynthesis of phytoplankton of the Klyaz'minsk reservoir. [Translation from: Trudy VI Soveshchaniya po Problemem Biologii Vnutrennikh Vod. Moscow, Izd. Akad. Nauk SSSR. pp. 273-287, 1955] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5056 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:29:12 | 5056 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The processes of synthesis and destruction of organic matter play an important role in the ”self-cleaning” of reservoirs. The basic problem of this investigation consists of the role of phytoplankton in enriched waters of the Klyaz'minsk water reservoir through the solution of oxygen and its part in the ”self-cleaning” of the water reservoir. Observations on the interesting process of photosynthesis and the breakdown of organic matter was conducted by us on the eastern stretch of water in the Klyaz'minsk Reservoir during the growing periods of 1945 to 1948, by the widely applied bottle method (Vinberg 1934). This study reports mainly on the he vertical distribution of photosynthesis and respiration in plankton of the reservoir.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Phytoplankton ; Vertical distribution ; Biological sampling ; Photosynthesis ; Russia
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    The efficiency of plankton in the utilization of the sun radiation [Translation from: Briroda, 12, 29-35, 1948] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5049 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:28:28 | 5049 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The efficiency of utilisation of the sun's radiation by natural communities has not been properly demonstrated with what so far has been obtained of reliable values, and it represents a great interest in many respects. A systematic study of the biotic balance of lakes was done in the course of a succession of summers starting in 1932, extensive material was obtained, which permitted to compute a value fear the utilisation of the sun's radiation by plankton in lakes, and to compare this with corresponding values for marine plankton and terrestrial vegetation.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Plankton ; Planktonology ; Plankton surveys ; Primary production ; Light penetration ; Photosynthesis ; Freshwater lakes
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    Experimental culture of algal balls (Cladophora sauteri). Retention of original shape [Translation from: Bull.Jap.Soc.Phycol. Vol. 10, (1), p. 23-27, 1962] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5050 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:28:44 | 5050 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: It was on July 1960 when 10 algal balls were acquired for exhibition at Suma Aquarium, Kobe. Permission to remove the specimens from the Lake Akan Reserve was given by the National Nature Reserve Committee. Algal balls, as a rule, lose their natural beauty when they are kept in an ordinary tank for a certain length of time. In an effort to retain the natural beauty it was decided to exhibit them in culture. This paper summarises the findings of this experiments with Cladophora sauteri. The author concludes that serious consideration has to be given as to the intensity of light, the sunlight, the water temperature and the nutrition for algal balls in culture in order to retain the natural beauty and shape.
    Description: Translated from Japanese into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Algae ; Algal culture ; Aquaria ; Japan ; Akan Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    A study of the nutrition of the Rotifer Asplanchna, with the help of Carbon 14 [Translation from: Byulleten ' Instituta Biologii Vodokhranilishch, No. 12, pp.17-20, 1962] (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Windermere, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5047 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:28:19 | 5047 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Laboratory research was done in order to study the feeding of larval Cricotopus silvestris F. in relation to characters of structure of oral apparatus. Results of the experiments are summarised and the oral apparatus morhologically described.
    Description: Translated from Russian into English
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Zooplankton ; Nutrition ; Carbon 14 ; Bacteria ; Algae ; Russia ; Asplanchna priodonta ; Asplanchna herricki
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  • 99
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    Population dynamics of Windermere perch (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5187 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:39 | 5187 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This paper looks briefly at some of the more recent analyses and interpretations of the changes that have occurred in the population dynamics of Windermere perch and at the present level of understanding. The long-term study has shown how flexible the population is and how it has behaved in different ways over successive periods of time since 1939. Through one of these periods it was possible to account for nearly all the variance in recruitment by a relatively simple explanatory model. The reduction in numbers on the outbreak of disease in 1976 started a natural experiment which will form a baseline for future studies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Coarse fish ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater lakes ; Mathematical models ; Population dynamics ; Perca fluviatilis ; England ; Lake District ; Windermere ; Annual report
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    Treading in Mortimer's footsteps: the geochemical cycling of iron and manganese in Esthwaite water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5193 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:15:03 | 5193 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A study of the geochemical cycling of iron and manganese in a seasonally stratified lake, Esthwaite water is described. This work is based on speculative ideas on environmental redox chemistry of iron which were proposed by C.H. Mortimer in the 1940's. These observations have been verified and some speculations confirmed, along with a new understanding of the manganese cycle, and detailed information on the particulate forms of both iron and manganese. Details on the mechanisms and transformations of iron have also emerged.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Chemical precipitation ; Freshwater lakes ; Iron ; Manganese ; Oxidation ; Redox potential ; Reduction ; Stratification ; England ; Esthwaite Lake ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 91-101
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