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  • Articles  (20)
  • Heterocycles  (10)
  • Stereochemistry  (10)
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  • 1965-1969  (20)
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  • Articles  (20)
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  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (20)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 478-482 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sesquifulvalenes ; Fulvalene ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterosesquifulvalenes containing sulfur or oxygen as hetero atom may be prepared, e.g., by condensation of cyclopentadienes with thiopyrones or pyrones in acetic anhydride. Heterosesquifulvalenes containing nitrogen can be obtained from the oxygen compounds by O,N-exchange. The ground state of all these compounds is determined mainly by the nonpolar resonance formula.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 535-546 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Stereochemistry ; Heterolytic fragmentation ; Fragmentation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterolytic fragmentation can proceed by several mechanisms. A study of the solvolysis of γ-aminoalcohol derivatives N—C—C—C—X, where X equals halogen or —OSO2R, shows that fragmentation may occur by a one-step mechanism or by several multi-step mechanisms depending on structural, electronic, and steric factors. The one-step synchronous mechanism has rigorous stereoelectronic requirements. It is associated with an increased reaction rate as evidenced by the “frangomeric” effect. Ketoxime derivatives RR′C=N—X may undergo Beckmann fragmentation by the synchronous mechanism or by prior rearrangement depending on their α-substituents. Fragmentation is frequently accompanied by conventional substitution, elimination, and rearrangement reactions. Under such circumstances knowledge of all possible mechanisms of a given substrate is essential to bring about a desired transformation.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 919-928 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heteroaromatic compounds ; Hydration ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many aromatic N-heterocycles add water across the C=N double bond. Methods are described for recognizing this phenomenon and for diagnosis of the site of attack. These methods are extended to the determination of (a) the ionization constants of unstable states (whether hydrated or anhydrous), (b) the ratio of hydrated to anhydrous forms at equilibrium, and (c) the rate constants of hydration. The features that stabilize hydration in a molecule are discussed. The literature through 1965 and 1966 is reviewed with special reference to the emergence of new principles, such as di-hydration and the shifting of hydration within a molecule.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ketones ; Sulfur ; Amines ; Heterocycles ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A large number of preparatively interesting compounds have become readily available by the simultaneous action of sulfur and ammonia or amines on ketones. Direct syntheses of Δ3-thiazolines, Δ3-imidazoline-5-thiones, 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,4-thiazines, and the 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexathiocane system from ketones, sulfur, and ammonia or amines, and further possibilities for the synthesis of these heterocyclic systems have been proposed. Other heterocycles containing N or N and S (thiazoles, thiophenes, thiazolidines, tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-c]-1,4-thiazines, thiomorpholines, 4-amino-2H-imidazoles, etc.) are readily obtainable by further reactions of these compounds. Hydrolysis of the Δ3-thiazolines yields α-mercapto ketones, which are the starting materials for other syntheses. Most of the syntheses described proceed at room temperature and at normal pressure.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 385-415 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chirality ; CIP system (Cahn, Ingold, Prelog) ; Stereochemistry ; Nomenclature ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The topological analysis of chiral molecular models has provided the framework of a general system for the specification of their chirality. The application, made in and before 1956, of this system to organic-chemical configurations is generally retained, but is redefined with respect to certain types of structure, largely in the light of experience gained since 1956 in the Beilstein Institute and elsewhere. The system is now extended to deal, on the one hand, with organic-chemical conformations, and, on the other, with inorganic-chemical configurations to ligancy six. Matters arising in connexion with the transference of chiral specifications from model to name are considered, notably that of the symbiosis in nomenclature of expressions of the general system and of systems of confined scope.For corrigendum see DOI:10.1002/anie.196605111
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Fluorophosphoranes ; Phosphoranes ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flurophosphoranes are a recently discovered new type of phosphorus compound derived from phosphorous pentafluoride by substitution of fluorine atoms with various groups. Synthesis, chemistry, and stereochemistry of this class of compounds containing phosphorus in the comparatively rare coordination number 5 will be discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 543-557 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Hetarynes ; Heterocycles ; Alkynes ; Arynes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations carried out during the last six years have shown that, as in the case of benzene, an extra bond can be introduced into heteroaromatic rings. Since this possibility does not appear to be confined to exceptional cases, the heterocyclic arynes (hetarynes) promise a much wider variety than the carbocyclic arynes. Hetarynes occur mainly as intermediates in nucleophilic substitutions on halogenated heterocyclic compounds. Since the replacement of a CH group in dehydrobenzene by a nitrogen atom and the condensation of benzene rings have stabilizing effects, the stability of hetarynes is expected to increase with the number of N atoms and with the number of condensed aromatic rings.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 107-112 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Configuration ; Polymers ; Tacticity ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is possible to draw analogies between linear polymers and cyclic compounds. Stereochemical considerations developed in this connection led to the recognition of new aspects of importance for the systematic classification of both classes of compounds; for example, asymmetric structures can be predicted which had hitherto never been suspected. - The concept of “diasteric centers” is introduced, and the definition of an “asymmetric center” is expressed in more general terms.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 292-300 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Pyridazones ; Heterocycles ; Mucochloric acid ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new synthesis of mucochloric acid by chlorination of butynediol has facilitated the preparation of a series of 4,5-dichoropyridazones. The high reactivity of these compounds has been investigated and applied in several ways. New classes of compounds, some with biological activity, were obtained by displacement of the chlorine atoms. New heterocyclic systems were prepared by condensation and rearrangement reactions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 778-789 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Spatial arrangement ; Synthetic methods ; Stereochemistry ; Asymmetric synthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This review deals with the stereoselective formation of organic compounds. A number of examples of such syntheses, especially those of alkaloids and steroids, are described. An asymmetric synthesis, which avoids the intricacies and wastefulness of optical resolution, has been successful in a few cases only. The procedures of configurational change and of optical resolution, as well as the planning of multi-step stereoselective syntheses, are discussed.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 8 (1969), S. 962-974 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Aziridinium salts ; Azetidinium salts ; Cycloaddition ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis and important reactions of stable aziridinium salts are described in this article. The more stable azetidinium salts, which undergo similar reactions, have also been studied. Polar and dipolar cycloadditions produce heterocycles by ring expansions that can be represented as .
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Stereochemistry ; Cyclopropane ring opening ; Ring opening ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This review article deals with the stereochemistry of the following ring opening reactions: 1. Homoallylic rearrangement of secondary and tertiary cyclopropyl alcohols in the presence of electrophilic reagents, 2. The addition of carboxylic acids to vinylcyclopropanes, 3. The thermal rearrangement of vinylcyclopropanes into cyclopentenes. An account is also given of the NMR spectroscopic determination of the conformations of substituted vinylcyclopropanes.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 6 (1967), S. 819-830 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Electron-pair repulsion ; Molecular shape ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory described in this article emphasizes the importance of interactions between the electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom in determining stereochemistry and it assumes that interactions between the ligands are generally of lesser importance although sufficiently bulky groups, or chelate ligands, may play an important role in determining the stereochemistry. If lone-pair electrons are present in the valence shell of the central atom then the two theories (the theory of interaction of electron pairs and the theory of interaction between ligands) predict different structures. In the great majority of cases the determined structures are those expected if it is assumed that lone pairs are stereochemically active, i.e. if repulsions between electron pairs in the valence shell determine stereochemistry.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Memory effects ; Stereochemistry ; Rearrangement ; Carbocations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stereochemical configuration at the initial site of heterolysis in a carbonium ion process in solution controls the specificity of migration two steps later in many sequential multiple rearrangements. These “memory effects” are attributable to the presence on the potential energy surface of small, hitherto undetectable minima. A variety of structural, stereochemical, and isotopic marking techniques are used to demonstrate that memory effects are a general feature of the ring-expansion route to bicyclic carbonium ions. The intermediates formed in these reactions, although necessarily symmetrical or quasi-symmetrical at equilibrium, act unsymmetrically. The memory effect uses the rate of an intramolecular carbonium ion rearrangement as a calibration with which to compare the rate of symmetrization. In this way, the system functions as a sensor of sub-species.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Sulfonyl hydrazones ; Amides ; Azo sulfones ; Heterocycles ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sulfonyl hydrazones of cyclic amides undergo oxidative coupling with phenols and reactive methylene components. The reaction proceeds via the azo sulfones, which may be used as such, and which, as ambident cations, enter into many reactions with nucleophiles and extend the scope of oxidative coupling. The reaction with phenols is a two-step process, in which the limiting cases k1 ≪ k2, k1 ≈ k2, and k1 ≫ k2 can be realized by slight variation of the reactants.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Configuration ; Stereochemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems involved in configurational research differ from those of many of the currently important fields of general chemistry. Consequently, many chemists are less familiar with recent developements in this field than, for example, with those of the generally important modern ideas on valence and reaction mechanisms. A survey of new methods and recent results of configurational studies is attempted in this review, some unpublished experimental findings by the author being included. However, no attempt has been made to present an exhaustive review, nor to give a detailed treatment of individual problems which may interest the specialist.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 1023-1038 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Phosphorus ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of heterocycles containing phosphorus is described. The chemical behavior of ring systems containing trivalent phosphorus is mainly determined by their phosphine character; heterocyclic behavior in the ordinary sense is shown by rings containing functional groups. Syntheses and reactions of cyclic compounds of pentavalent and hexavalent phosphorus are particularly interesting.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Heterocycles ; Pyrimidines ; Quinazolines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some syntheses of heretofore unknown pyrimidines, tetrahydroquinazolines, and quinazolines are described. These methods are uniquely simple one- or two-step reactions, general and versatile in scope, and give high yields. Some interesting chemistry associated with these heterocyclic systems is discussed.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 5 (1966), S. 760-776 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Silicon-nitrogen heterocycles ; Heterocycles ; Cyclosilazanes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Great progress has recently been made in the chemistry of the silicon-nitrogen bondC. Eaborn: Organosilicon Compounds. Butterworths, London 1960, p. 339.R. Fessenden and J. S. Fessenden, Chem. Reviews 61, 361 (1961).K. A. Andrianov, I. Haiduc, and L. M. Khananashvili, Uspekhi Khim. 32, 563 (1963); Chem. Abstr. 59, 8782 (1963).U. Wannagat, Advances inorg. Chem. Radiochem. 6, 265 (1964).I. Haiduc: Westep do Chemii Nieorganicznych Zwiazkow Pierscieniowyrh. WPN, Warsaw 1964, Chap. 10 (in Polish).. Whereas attention was formerly concentrated on open-chain silazanes and silylamines, growing interest is now being shown in the cyclic SiN compounds. A major factor which has contributed to the rapid development in this field is the need for better polymers and liquids for use above 350 °CCf. E. G. Rochow, Chim. et Ind. 85, 897 (1961).. The present article deals with monomeric cyclic compounds containing at least one silicon-nitrogen bond in the ring, as well as the polycyclic compounds derived from these.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; Optical rotatory dispersion ; Stereochemistry ; Natural products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The principles of circular dichroism and of optical rotatory dispersion are described. Examples are given to illustrate the use of these methods for the determination of the configurations and conformations of natural and synthetic products. Some limitations of the octant rule are mentioned.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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