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  • Springer Nature  (109.313)
  • American Institute of Physics  (55.417)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (39.319)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 2020-2022  (86.005)
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  • 1
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    Applying the Values of Geoethics for Sustainable Speleotourism Development (2020)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-01
    Beschreibung: Establishing sustainable and responsible speleotourism development is a major challenge and involves complex activities. Adequate theoretical starting point is the application of geoethical values related to the conservation and protection of the caves to be used for touristic purposes. Positive and negative cases of human behaviors towards speleological geoheritage are discussed, in order to highlight what should be done in cave management to avoid malpractices and on what elements could be founded adequate strategies aimed at promoting sustainable speleotourism. This is important to tourism management organizations involved in the promotion of caves and in creating economic opportunities for local populations, while respecting cave ecosystems. Modern cave management must be focused on the protection of the cave ecosystems, finding ways to achieve at the same time an economic development of local communities. But this approach needs the adoption of a geoethical framework of values to be shared by all stakeholders involved so that successful cooperation can be achieved despite differences in interests and expectations. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness about the need to apply the values of geoethics to speleotourism, stimulating new fields of discussion within the scientific and technical communities involved in studies and activities related to geotourism and geoheritage. The possibilities of developing new ways to manage caves, in order to promote a sustainable socio-economic development of local communities, have to be balanced with the protection of natural environments as much as possible. The proposed theoretical frameworks have the goal to increase the discussion on the best ways of connecting speleotourism to sustainable and responsible cave management, presenting two case studies, and pointing out potential solutions.
    Beschreibung: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: id 73
    Beschreibung: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Beschreibung: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Responsibility ; Sustainability ; Caves ; Speleotourism ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    On the correlation between solar activity and large earthquakes worldwide (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-03
    Beschreibung: Large earthquakes occurring worldwide have long been recognized to be non Poisson distributed, so involving some large scale correlation mechanism, which could be internal or external to the Earth. Till now, no statistically significant correlation of the global seismicity with one of the possible mechanisms has been demonstrated yet. In this paper, we analyze 20 years of proton density and velocity data, as recorded by the SOHO satellite, and the worldwide seismicity in the corresponding period, as reported by the ISC-GEM catalogue. We found clear correlation between proton density and the occurrence of large earthquakes (M 〉 5.6), with a time shift of one day. The significance of such correlation is very high, with probability to be wrong lower than 10-5. The correlation increases with the magnitude threshold of the seismic catalogue. A tentative model explaining such a correlation is also proposed, in terms of the reverse piezoelectric effect induced by the applied electric field related to the proton density. This result opens new perspectives in seismological interpretations, as well as in earthquake forecast.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 11495
    Beschreibung: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): correlation ; solar activity ; large earthquakes worldwide
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Tracking the recent dynamics of Mt. Vesuvius from joint investigations of ground deformation, seismicity and geofluid circulation (2021)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-15
    Beschreibung: We reconstruct the composite dynamics of Mt. Vesuvius volcano in the period 2012–2019 from the study of ground deformation, seismicity, and geofluid (groundwater and fumarolic fluids) circulation and recognize complex spatio-temporal variations in these observables at medium (years) and short (months) time-scales. We interpret the observed patterns as the combined effect of structural changes affecting the volcanic edifice and variations of the dynamics of the hydrothermal system. In particular, we identify a change in the activity state of Mt. Vesuvius. After the activity reached minimum levels in 2014, the centroid of the surface manifestations migrated towards the SE. Episodic variations of co-seismic and aseismic deformation and fluid release, if analysed separately, would likely have been interpreted as pseudo-random oscillations of the background geophysical and geochemical signals. When organised in a comprehensive, multiparametric fashion, they shed light on the evolution of the volcano in 4D (x,y,z, time) space. These inferences play a crucial role in the formulation of civil protection scenarios for Mt. Vesuvius, a high risk, densely urbanized volcanic area which has never experienced unrest episodes in the modern era of instrumental volcanology.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 965
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): recent dynamics ; Mt. Vesuvius ; investigations ; ground deformation ; seismicity ; geofluid circulation
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Asian dust-storm activity dominated by Chinese dynasty changes since 2000 BP (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 11(1), pp. 1-7, ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-04-14
    Beschreibung: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Niche-based assembly of bacterial consortia on the diatom Thalassiosira rotula is stable and reproducible (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The Isme Journal, Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-26
    Beschreibung: With each cell division, phytoplankton create new space for primary colonization by marine bacteria. Although this surface microenvironment is available to all planktonic bacterial colonizers, we show the assembly of bacterial consortia on a cosmopolitan marine diatom to be highly specific and reproducible. While phytoplankton–bacteria interactions play fundamental roles in marine ecosystems, namely primary production and the carbon cycle, the ecological paradigm behind epiphytic microbiome assembly remains poorly understood. In a replicated and repeated primary colonization experiment, we exposed the axenic diatom Thalassiosira rotula to several complex and compositionally different bacterial inocula derived from phytoplankton species of varying degrees of relatedness to the axenic Thalassiosira host or natural seawater. This revealed a convergent assembly of diverse and compositionally different bacterial inocula, containing up to 2071 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), towards a stable and reproducible core community. Four of these OTUs already accounted for a cumulative abundance of 60%. This core community was dominated by Rhodobacteraceae (30.5%), Alteromonadaceae (27.7%), and Oceanospirillales (18.5%) which was qualitatively and quantitatively most similar to its conspecific original. These findings reject a lottery assembly model of bacterial colonization and suggest selective microhabitat filtering. This is likely due to diatom host traits such as surface properties and different levels of specialization resulting in reciprocal stable-state associations.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Successful ecosystem-based management of Antarctic krill should address uncertainties in krill recruitment, behaviour and ecological adaptation (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(28), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-12
    Beschreibung: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Circadian regulation of diel vertical migration (DVM) in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and its link with photoperiod and circadian clock activity (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-25
    Beschreibung: Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are high latitude pelagic organisms which play a key ecological role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean. To synchronize their daily and seasonal life-traits with their highly rhythmic environment, krill rely on the implementation of rhythmic strategies which might be regulated by a circadian clock. A recent analysis of krill circadian transcriptome revealed that their clock might be characterized by an endogenous free-running period of about 12–15 h. Using krill exposed to simulated light/dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD), we investigated the circadian regulation of krill diel vertical migration (DVM) and oxygen consumption, together with daily patterns of clock gene expression in brain and eyestalk tissue. In LD, we found clear 24 h rhythms of DVM and oxygen consumption, suggesting a synchronization with photoperiod. In DD, the DVM rhythm shifted to a 12 h period, while the peak of oxygen consumption displayed a temporal advance during the subjective light phase. This suggested that in free-running conditions the periodicity of these clock-regulated output functions might reflect the shortening of the endogenous period observed at the transcriptional level. Moreover, differences in the expression patterns of clock gene in brain and eyestalk, in LD and DD, suggested the presence in krill of a multiple oscillator system. Evidence of short periodicities in krill behavior and physiology further supports the hypothesis that a short endogenous period might represent a circadian adaption to cope with extreme seasonal photoperiodic variability at high latitude.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 8
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    Antarctic icebergs reorganize ocean circulation during Pleistocene glacials (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 589(7841), pp. 236-241, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-03
    Beschreibung: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12, pp. 4475, ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-02
    Beschreibung: High Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-tolate Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12(1199), pp. 1-9, ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-01
    Beschreibung: The evolution of past global ice sheets is highly uncertain. One example is the missing ice problem during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26 000-19 000 years before present) – an apparent 8-28 m discrepancy between far-field sea level indicators and modelled sea level from ice sheet reconstructions. In the absence of ice sheet reconstructions, researchers often use marine δ 18 O proxy records to infer ice volume prior to the LGM. We present a global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years, called PaleoMIST 1.0, constructed inde- pendently of far-field sea level and δ 18 O proxy records. Our reconstruction is compatible with LGM far-field sea-level records without requiring extra ice volume, thus solving the missing ice problem. However, for Marine Isotope Stage 3 (57 000-29 000 years before present) - a pre-LGM period - our reconstruction does not match proxy-based sea level reconstructions, indicating the relationship between marine δ 18 O and sea level may be more complex than assumed.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 11
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    Thermal reaction norms of key metabolic enzymes reflect divergent physiological and behavioral adaptations of closely related amphipod species (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Springer Nature, 11(4562)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-03-08
    Beschreibung: Lake Baikal is inhabited by more than 300 endemic amphipod species, which are narrowly adapted to certain thermal niches due to the high interspecific competition. In contrast, the surrounding freshwater fauna is commonly represented by species with large‐scale distribution and high phenotypic thermal plasticity. Here, we investigated the thermal plasticity of the energy metabolism in two closely‐related endemic amphipod species from Lake Baikal (Eulimnogammarus verrucosus; stenothermal and Eulimnogammarus cyaneus; eurythermal) and the ubiquitous Holarctic amphipod Gammarus lacustris (eurythermal) by exposure to a summer warming scenario (6–23.6 °C; 0.8 °C d−1). In concert with routine metabolic rates, activities of key metabolic enzymes increased strongly with temperature up to 15 °C in E. verrucosus, whereupon they leveled off (except for lactate dehydrogenase). In contrast, exponential increases were seen in E. cyaneus and G. lacustris throughout the thermal trial (Q10‐values: 1.6–3.7). Cytochrome‐c‐oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase activities were found to be higher in G. lacustris than in E. cyaneus, especially at the highest experimental temperature (23.6 °C). Decreasing gene expression levels revealed some thermal compensation in E. cyaneus but not in G. lacustris. In all species, shifts in enzyme activities favored glycolytic energy generation in the warmth. The congruent temperature‐ dependencies of enzyme activities and routine metabolism in E. verrucosus indicate a strong feedback‐ regulation of enzymatic activities by whole organism responses. The species‐specific thermal reaction norms reflect the different ecological niches, including the spatial distribution, distinct thermal behavior such as temperature‐dependent migration, movement activity, and mating season.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Iron and sulfate reduction structure microbial communities in (sub-)Antarctic sediments (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3The ISME Journal, Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 13
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    On the curious case of the recent decade, mid-spring precipitation deficit in central Europe (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Springer Nature, 3(1), pp. 49, ISSN: 2397-3722
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-04
    Beschreibung: Central Europe has experienced a severe drought almost every April for the last 14 years consecutively, driven by record high temperatures, low flows, high evapotranspiration, and high soil moisture deficit. The dynamic of this recent and recurrent mid-spring dryness is not yet understood. Here we show that the period 2007â€``2020 was characterized by a reduction of ~50% of the usual April rainfall amount over large areas in central Europe. The precipitation deficit and the record high temperatures were triggered by a multiyear recurrent high-pressure system centered over the North Sea and northern Germany and a decline in the temperature gradient between the Arctic region and the mid-latitudes, which diverted the Atlantic storm tracks northward. From a long-term perspective, the precipitation, temperature, and soil moisture anomalies observed over the last 14 years have reached the highest amplitudes over the observational record. Our study provides an in-depth analysis of the hydroclimate extremes in central Europe over the last 140 years and their atmospheric drivers, enabling us to increase our dynamical understating of long-term dry periods, which is vital to enhance forecasting and mitigation of such events.
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  • 14
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    Observed interannual changes beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 12(1), ISSN: 2041-1723
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-16
    Beschreibung: Floating ice shelves are the Achilles’ heel of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. They limit Antarctica’s contribution to global sea level rise, yet they can be rapidly melted from beneath by a warming ocean. At Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, a decline in sea ice formation may increase basal melt rates and accelerate marine ice sheet mass loss within this century. However, the understanding of this tipping-point behavior largely relies on numerical models. Our new multi-annual observations from five hot-water drilled boreholes through Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf show that since 2015 there has been an intensification of the density-driven ice shelf cavity-wide circulation in response to reinforced wind-driven sea ice formation in the Ronne polynya. Enhanced southerly winds over Ronne Ice Shelf coincide with westward displacements of the Amundsen Sea Low position, connecting the cavity circulation with changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns as a new aspect of the atmosphere-ocean-ice shelf system.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 15
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    Year-round population dynamics of Limacina spp. early stages in a high-Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden, Svalbard) (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Polar Biology, Springer Nature, 44(8), pp. 1605-1618, ISSN: 0722-4060
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-27
    Beschreibung: The thecosome pteropods Limacina helicina and L. retroversa are important contributors to the zooplankton community in high-latitude environments but little is known about their distribution and life cycle under polar conditions. We collected the early life stages (〈 1 mm) of the thecosome population in 2012 and 2013 at a bi-weekly to monthly resolution in fjord highly influenced by Arctic waters as well as Atlantic inflows (Adventfjorden, Svalbard, 78°N), together with environmental parameters. L. retroversa only occurred episodically, in association with the inflow of Atlantic water, with low numbers and random size distributions. This suggests that this boreal species does not fulfill its life cycle in Adventfjorden. In contrast, young specimens of L. helicina were present during the entire study. Veligers hatched in late summer/autumn and measured 0.14 mm on average. They grew with rates of 0.0006 mm day− 1 over the 10–11 months of development. Only thereafter, growth accelerated by one order of magnitude and maximal rates were reached in autumn (0.0077 mm day− 1). Our results indicate that L. helicina reaches a size of 1 mm after approximately 1.5 years in Adventfjorden. We therefore suggest that L. helicina overwinters the first year as a small juvenile and that it needs at least 2 years to reach an adult size of 5 mm in Adventfjorden. This reveals an complex and delicate aspect of the life-cycle of L. helicina and further research is needed to determine if it makes the population especially vulnerable towards climate changes.
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  • 16
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    Energetic, antioxidant, inflammatory and cell death responses in the red muscle of thermally stressed Sparus aurata (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Springer Nature, ISSN: 0174-1578
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-21
    Beschreibung: For a comprehensive understanding of fish responses to increasing thermal stress in marine environments, we investigated tissue energetics, antioxidant levels, inflammatory and cell death responses in Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream) red muscle during exposure to elevated temperatures (24 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C) compared to the control temperature of 18 °C. Energetic aspects were assessed by determining lactate, glucose and lipids levels in blood plasma, ATP, ADP and AMP levels, and AMPK phosphorylation as an indicator of regulatory changes in energy metabolism, in tissue extracts. Oxidative defence was assessed by determining superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase maximum activities. Moreover, xanthine levels were determined as an indicator of purine conversion to xanthine and associated ROS production. In the context of inflammatory response and cell death due to oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IkBα phosphorylation, IL-6 and TNFα) levels, and LC3 II/I ratio and SQSTM1/p62 as indicators of autophagic-lysosomal pathway were also determined. A recovery in the efficacy of ATP production after a marked decrease during the 1st day of exposure to 24 °C is observed. This biphasic pattern is paralleled by antioxidant enzymes’ activities and inflammatory and autophagy responses, indicating a close correlation between ATP turnover and stress responses, which may benefit tissue function and survival. However, exposure beyond 24 °C caused tissue’s antioxidant capacity loss, triggering the inflammatory and cell death response, lead-ing to increased fish mortality. The results of the present study set the thermal limits of the gilthead seabream at 22–24 °C and establish the used cellular and metabolic indicators as tools for the definition of the extreme thermal limits in marine organisms.
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  • 17
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    Rebuilding marine life (2020)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Springer Nature, 580(7801), pp. 39-51, ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-25
    Beschreibung: Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the United Nations aims to “conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development”. Achieving this goal will require rebuilding the marine life-support systems that deliver the many benefits that society receives from a healthy ocean. Here we document the recovery of marine populations, habitats and ecosystems following past conservation interventions. Recovery rates across studies suggest that substantial recovery of the abundance, structure and function of marine life could be achieved by 2050, if major pressures—including climate change—are mitigated. Rebuilding marine life represents a doable Grand Challenge for humanity, an ethical obligation and a smart economic objective to achieve a sustainable future.
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  • 18
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    Supplements to Menard & Shipek 1958 (1958)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3London, United Kingdom, Nature Publishing Group
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-01-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 19
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    Mediterranean heat injection to the North Atlantic delayed the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 2(1), ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-16
    Beschreibung: The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations at the end of the Pliocene epoch marks one of the most substantial climatic shifts of the Cenozoic. Despite global cooling, sea surface temperatures in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean rose between 2.9–2.7 million years ago. Here we present sedimentary geochemical proxy data from the Gulf of Cadiz to reconstruct the variability of Mediterranean Outflow Water, an important heat source to the North Atlantic. We find evidence for enhanced production of Mediterranean Outflow from the mid-Pliocene to the late Pliocene which we infer could have driven a sub-surface heat channel into the high-latitude North Atlantic. We then use Earth System Models to constrain the impact of enhanced Mediterranean Outflow production on the northward heat transport in the North Atlantic. In accord with the proxy data, the numerical model results support the formation of a sub-surface channel that pumped heat from the subtropics into the high latitude North Atlantic. We further suggest that this mechanism could have delayed ice sheet growth at the end of the Pliocene.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 20
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    Earthquake location in tectonic structures of the Alpine Chain: the case of the Constance Lake (Central Europe) seismic sequence (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-22
    Beschreibung: A set of four magnitude Ml≥3.0 earthquakes including the magnitude Ml=3.7 mainshock of the seismic sequence hitting the Lake Constance, Southern Germany, area in July–August 2019 was studied by means of bulletin and waveform data collected from 86 seismic stations of the Central Europe-Alpine region. The frst single-event locations obtained using a uniform 1-D velocity model, and both fxed and free depths, showed residuals of the order of up±2.0 s, systematically afecting stations located in diferent areas of the study region. Namely, German stations to the northeast of the epicenters and French stations to the west exhibit negative residuals, while Italian stations located to the southeast are characterized by similarly large positive residuals. As a consequence, the epicentral coordinates were afected by a signifcant bias of the order of 4–5 km to the NNE. The locations were repeated applying a method that uses diferent velocity models for three groups of stations situated in diferent geological environments, obtaining more accurate locations. Moreover, the application of two methods of relative locations and joint hypocentral determination, without improving the absolute location of the master event, has shown that the sources of the four considered events are separated by distances of the order of one km both in horizontal coordinates and in depths. A particular attention has been paid to the geographical positions of the seismic stations used in the locations and their relationship with the known crustal features, such as the Moho depth and velocity anomalies in the studied region. Signifcant correlations between the observed travel time residuals and the crustal structure were obtained.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1163–1175
    Beschreibung: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Beschreibung: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 21
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    Deep carbon degassing in the Matese massif chain (Southern Italy) inferred by geochemical and isotopic data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-22
    Beschreibung: The Italian Apennines are among the most important sources of freshwater for several Italian regions. With evidences of deep CO2-rich fluids intruding into aquifers in the nearby central-southern Apennines, a thorough investigation into the geochemistry of groundwater became critical to ensure the water quality in the area. Here, we show the main hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the Matese Massif (MM) aquifer through the investigation of 98 water samples collected from springs and water wells. All waters were classified as HCO3 type with Ca dominance (from 50% up to 97%) and variable amount of Mg (from 1% up to 49%). A multivariate statistical approach through the application of the factor analysis (FA) highlighted three main hydrogeochemical processes: (i) water-carbonate rock interactions mostly enhanced in peripheral areas of the MM by CO2 deep degassing; (ii) addition of NaCl-rich components linked to recharging process and to water mixing processes of the groundwater with a thermal component relatively rich in Cl, Na, and CO2; (iii) anthropogenic activities influencing groundwater composition at the foothills of MM. Furthermore, the first detailed TDIC, pCO2, and δ13C-TDIC distribution maps of the MM area have been created, which track chemical and isotopic anomalies in several peripheral areas (Pratella, Ailano, and Telese) throughout the region. These maps systematically highlight that the greater the amount of dissolved carbon occurs the heavier the C isotope enrichment, especially in the peripheral areas. Conversely, spring waters emerging at higher altitudes within MM are only slightly mineralized and associated with δ13C-TDIC values mainly characterized by recharging processes with the addition of biogenic carbon during the infiltration process through the soil.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 46614–46626
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): CO2 degassing; Factor analysis; Mineral springs; Total dissolved inorganic carbon; δ13C-TDIC ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 22
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    High geothermal heat flow beneath Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica inferred from aeromagnetic data (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 2(162), pp. 1-6
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-31
    Beschreibung: Geothermal heat flow in the polar regions plays a crucial role in understanding ice-sheet dynamics and predictions of sea level rise. Continental-scale indirect estimates often have a low spatial resolution and yield largest discrepancies in West Antarctica. Here we analyse geophysical data to estimate geothermal heat flow in the Amundsen Sea Sector of West Antarctica. With Curie depth analysis based on a new magnetic anomaly grid compilation, we reveal variations in lithospheric thermal gradients. We show that the rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pope glaciers in particular are underlain by areas of largely elevated geothermal heat flow, which relates to the tectonic and magmatic history of the West Antarctic Rift System in this region. Our results imply that the behavior of this vulnerable sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is strongly coupled to the dynamics of the underlying lithosphere.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 23
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    Interglacial Antarctic–Southern Ocean climate decoupling due to moisture source area shifts (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Springer Nature, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-15
    Beschreibung: Succession of cold glacials and warm interglacials during the Quaternary results from large global climate responses to variable orbital configurations, accompanied by fluctuating greenhouse gas concentrations. Despite the influences of sea ice and atmospheric and ocean circulations in the Southern Ocean on atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate, past changes in this region remain poorly documented. Here, we present the 800 ka deuterium excess record from the East Antarctica EPICA Dome C ice core, tracking sea surface temperature in evaporative regions of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean from which moisture precipitated in East Antarctica is derived. We find that low obliquity leads to surface warming in evaporative moisture source regions during each glacial inception, although this relative temperature increase is counterbalanced by global cooling during glacial maxima. Links between the two regions during interglacials depends on the existence of a temperature maximum at the interglacial onset. In its absence, temperature maxima in the evaporative moisture source regions and in East Antarctica were synchronous. For the other interglacials, temperature maxima in the source areas lag early local temperature maxima by several thousand years, probably because of a change in the position of the evaporative source areas.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 24
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    Selective feeding in Southern Ocean key grazers—diet composition of krill and salps (2021)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Biology, Springer Nature, 4(1), ISSN: 2399-3642
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-15
    Beschreibung: Over the past decades, two key grazers in the Southern Ocean (SO), krill and salps, have experienced drastic changes in their distribution and abundance, leading to increasing overlap of their habitats. Both species occupy different ecological niches and long-term shifts in their distributions are expected to have cascading effects on the SO ecosystem. However, studies directly comparing krill and salps are lacking. Here, we provide a direct comparison of the diet and fecal pellet composition of krill and salps using 18S metabarcoding and fatty acid markers. Neither species’ diet reflected the composition of the plankton community, suggesting that in contrast to the accepted paradigm, not only krill but also salps are selective feeders. Moreover, we found that krill and salps had broadly similar diets, potentially enhancing the competition between both species. This could be augmented by salps’ ability to rapidly reproduce in favorable conditions, posing further risks to krill populations.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
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  • 25
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    Bacterial communities in temperate and polar coastal sands are seasonally stable (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3ISME Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-11
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-10-20
    Beschreibung: Coastal sands are biocatalytic filters for dissolved and particulate organic matter of marine and terrestrial origin, thus, acting as centers of organic matter transformation. At high temporal resolution, we accessed the variability of benthic bacterial communities over two annual cycles at Helgoland (North Sea), and compared it with seasonality of communities in Isfjorden (Svalbard, 78°N) sediments, where primary production does not occur during winter. Benthic community structure remained stable in both, temperate and polar sediments on the level of cell counts and 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. Actinobacteriota of uncultured Actinomarinales and Microtrichales were a major group, with 8 ± 1% of total reads (Helgoland) and 31 ± 6% (Svalbard). Their high activity (frequency of dividing cells 28%) and in situ cell numbers of 〉10% of total microbes in Svalbard sediments, suggest Actinomarinales and Microtrichales as key heterotrophs for carbon mineralization. Even though Helgoland and Svalbard sampling sites showed no phytodetritus-driven changes of the benthic bacterial community structure, they harbored significantly different communities (p 〈 0.0001, r = 0.963). The temporal stability of benthic bacterial communities is in stark contrast to the dynamic succession typical of coastal waters, suggesting that pelagic and benthic bacterial communities respond to phytoplankton productivity very differently.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physics of Fluids : devoted to the publication of original theoretical, computational, and experimental contributions to the dynamics of gases, liquids, and complex or multiphase fluids (1958)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: PHF online publishes articles that emphasize understanding of the physics underlying modern technology. The subject coverage includes, but is not limited to, experimental or theoretical physics applied to all aspects of materials: for example, charge and mass transport, superconductivity magnetism; surfaces, interfaces, thin films, crystal lattice defects; electrical, optical, magnetic, and structural properties; processing; ion implantation. Materials covered include semiconductors, superconductors, metals and alloys, amorphous materials, and oxides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://pof.aip.org/
    URL: http://pop.aip.org/
    URL: http://search.ebscohost.com/
    URL: http://www.bibliothek.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/?1472743
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray determination of polarity sense by anomalous scattering at an absorption edge (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 27-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A technique is described for the determination of crystallographic polarity which is generally applicable to large polar crystals containing an element heavier than K. It is an extension and simplification of Cole & Stemple's method in which the intensities diffracted by (00 l) and (00\overline l) planes are compared at wavelengths close to an absorption edge of a constituent element. A definitive polarity determination may now be made without previously measuring or assuming values of Δf′ and Δf′′ at the edge.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005599
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Centring equipment for X-ray diffractometers and X-ray cameras used with monochromators (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 101-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870099983
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray diffraction method for measurement of elastic strain (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 110-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is suggested, using diffraction line displacements, to facilitate simultaneous determination of one-dimensional strain in a particular direction in the surface of a polycrystalline material and of the lattice parameter corresponding to the unstressed state. A single exposure at perpendicular incidence of the primary X-ray beam enables both values to be obtained. Full advantage is taken of the ratios of diffraction ring diameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005782
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A computer program for X-ray line broadening analysis (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 120-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A computer program has been written for the evaluation of the size of coherently diffracting domains, microstrains, and stacking fault probabilities for f.c.c. and h.c.p. single crystals. After correcting for instrumental effects, the Warren–Averbach analysis is applied to reflections which are not affected by stacking faults. The fault-broadened peaks are then analyzed and the results plotted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005800
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of two methods for calculating slit-length collimation corrections in small angle X-ray scattering (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The methods of Lake [Acta Cryst. (1967) 23, 191] and Schmidt [Acta Cryst. (1965) 19, 938] for calculating slit-length collimation corrections in small angle X-ray scattering have been compared in a number of tests. The tests showed that under most conditions neither method introduces errors larger than the expected uncertainty in present-day scattering data and that slit-length corrections are relatively insensitive to small changes or errors in the weighting function. Neither method is extremely sensitive to random errors in the measured intensity but the effect of these errors is somewhat smaller with Schmidt's method than with Lake's. Three cases were found in which one of the correction methods should be avoided or used with caution: with Schmidt's method errors are produced in the outer part of the scattering curve if the angular increment is too large – a criterion has been developed for determining acceptable increments; if Lake's method is used in an angular region in which a scattering curve has subsidiary maxima or minima, more iterations may be necessary than are required for monotonically decreasing scattering curves; the usual form of Lake's method, which was developed to converge rapidly with curves which have a zero-angle maximum, was sometimes found to give appreciable errors for curves with a pronounced minimum at zero scattering angle. When the latter type of curve is corrected by this method, precautions should be taken to ensure that the collimation correction is not introducing errors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005824
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On refinement of the crystal orientation matrix and lattice constants with diffractometer data. II (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 179-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A modification of the refinement procedure proposed by Shoemaker & Bassi [Acta Cryst. (1970). A26, 97] is described in which the correction to the unitary orientation matrix, valid to second order in the small rotational adjustment, is applied after constraints due to crystal symmetry (which is presumably lost owing to measurement errors) have been applied to the lattice constants, and in such a way as to preserve (to second order) the unitary character of that matrix.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005897
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The construction of atomic projections by computer (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 185-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Two computer programs, for use with an Elliot 803 machine, are described. These programs enable atomic projections from any crystal system, other than the triclinic, to be constructed in a relatively short time.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870005939
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correction for the satellite group in the variance method of profile analysis (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Three methods are described of eliminating the influence of the satellite group in the variance method of X-ray line profile analysis. The first is to interpolate the line profile under the satellite group: however, the satellite group must be reasonably well distinguished from the α1 tail and from the background. The second method is to correct the experimental variance-range curve by a graphical construction: this assumes that the satellite lines and the broadening function are Cauchy in form. The third method is to compute the necessary corrections to the slope and intercept of the linear variance-range function by using model spectral distributions with and without the satellite group. The first two methods are applied to profiles from powders of iron and iron alloys studied with iron radiation, the third method uses an analytical model of the spectral distribution of the iron Kα multiplet. The corrections given by these methods to be made to the slope and the intercept of the variance-range function are nearly constant for all but the smallest amounts of particle-size broadening. It is also shown that particle sizes determined either from slope or intercept of the variance will be underestimated if correction is not made for the satellite group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987000585X
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fan texture of the compound Ba3Co2Fe24O41 prealigned in a magnetic field (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Samples of the ferrimagnetic material Ba3Co2Fe24O41, pre-aligned in a magnetic field and sintered at various temperatures, have been examined for preferred orientation. Schulz's reflection technique and the standardizing method of Holland were used to determine quantitative pole figures of several lattice planes. The texture bears a close resemblance to a `fan texture' in which the crystallites have their basal planes parallel to a preferred direction. The sharpness of the texture increases with increasing sintering temperature. At 1320°C an exaggerated grain growth takes place. Inhomogeneity of the magnetic field throughout the sample results in local differences in orientation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006131
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separation of the α1-α2 doublet in X-ray diffraction profiles (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 272-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A procedure involving the use of Fourier coefficients is suggested for the separation of the el component from an experimental diffraction profile. In contrast to the well known Rachinger method, the procedure described here does not require experimental data at any predetermined intervals. Furthermore, the separation error, if any, is evenly distributed. As in the Rachinger method, prior knowledge of the α1−α2 angular separation and the ratio R = Iα2(max)/Iα1(max) is assumed. If, however, R is unknown, then the mathematical analysis can be extended to determine the value of R.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006179
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inter-Congress Meetings - I.U.Cr. Sponsorship (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 284-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006222
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Practical optical crystallogaphy by N. H. Hartshorne and A. Stuart (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 288-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006295
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Short-range order in a gold–40.0 atomic per cent palladium alloy (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The local atomic arrangements in an Au-40 at.% Pd alloy were investigated by measuring the X-ray diffuse scattering from a single crystal. A computer simulation of the short-range structure was used in the interpretation of the diffuse scattering results. The interpretation indicated a tendency toward the formation of a tetragonal AB long period superlattice which has not previously been observed to occur. The static displacements of the atoms from their average positions were shown to be very small in this alloy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006337
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correction of integrated X-ray intensities for preferred orientation in cubic powders (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is presented for correction of integrated X-ray intensities for preferred orientation in cubic powders. It is based upon examination of the polar axis density distribution, which describes the orientation of crystallites in the specimen, and upon the use of a cubic harmonic expansion in its representation. The method was tested on four specimens of aluminium, which showed different degrees of preferred orientation. The (111), (200) and (220) lattice plane normal distributions of the specimens were determined by measurement of the integrated intensities for various polar angles. Cylindrical symmetry was effected with a specimen spinner. The corrections to the Bragg reflections were derived from the orientation distribution obtained; they ranged from 0.5 to 12%. The final values were in agreement, to the extent of 1% or less, with those of a specimen in which the orientation distribution was random within the limits of experimental error.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006350
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The simultaneous determination of the Burgers vectors of dislocations in twin related or coincidence site related crystals (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A simple and rapid procedure for orientating electron diffraction patterns required for the simultaneous determination of the Burgers vectors of dislocations in twin related or coincidence site related crystals is described. The determination of the Burgers vectors of dislocations in twin related zinc crystals is used as an example of the procedure. The procedure is applicable to all crystal structures and is based on the detailed analysis of the rotations about the optical axis and goniometer tilt stage axis of an electron microscope required to produce desired diffraction patterns from the two crystals of interest. The analysis also illustrates the way in which the tensor notation may be used in elementary vector algebra applied to lattice geometry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006398
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray scattering effects of ionic size in solid solutions KCl–KBr (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 385-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The diffuse X-ray scattering from single crystals of 36:64 and 50:50 KCl–KBr solid solutions has been studied. The analysis of the results, which follows the method described by Borie, is based on the approximation of a solid solution Cl−–Br−. The observed values of the distortion constant for the chloride ion are 2–3 times greater than those calculated on the basis of the conventional values of ionic radii.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006465
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure types of potassium and rubidium molybdate and tungstate at elevated temperatures (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 389-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The isomorphisms and the transition points of K2MoO4, K2WO4, RbMoO4 and Rb2WO4 were studied and the cell constants of the occurring phases computed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006477
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Orientation of microcrystals for X-ray diffraction studies (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is described for obtaining X-ray diffraction photographs, equivalent to those obtained under single-crystal rotation conditions, from materials available only in the form of fine microcrystalline powders of acicular or platy habit. The technique involves dispersing the crystalline powder in an appropriate thermoplastic polymer followed by streaming orientation of the particles in an extrusion process. The particles are held in their new positions by solidification of the polymer melt. With acicular powders, and using a polyethylene matrix, the orientation is improved by cold drawing. The oriented composite is immediately ready for X-ray studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006519
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  • 45
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    Digitale Medien
    Correlation of measured and theoretically calculated microstrains in deformed f.c.c. metals (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 407-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A correlation is presented between the root-mean-square strain as measured for cold-worked f.c.c. metals and that calculated from anisotropic dislocation theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006544
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystal growth and dimorphism of lithium iodate LiIO3 (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 417-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Single crystals of hexagonal LiIO3 and its new tetragonal modification were grown in an aqueous solution using the evaporation method under almost identical growing conditions. The hexagonal crystal changed irreversibly to the tetragonal one at about 255°C. The latter belonged to the point group 4/m. The lattice constants were a = 9.73 and c = 6.15 Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006593
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A method of enclosing highly deliquescent or subliming specimens for X-ray single-crystal data collection (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 422-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006635
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calendar of Events (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 425-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006684
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    International Tables for X-ray Crystallography (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 423-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006957
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 424-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006659
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The temperature dependence of ordering in magnesium ferrite (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 496-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Cation ordering in magnesium and nickel ferrites was studied by X-ray diffraction measurements carried out at the temperature of equilibration and also on quenched specimens. The order parameters on quenched specimens agreed with results previously reported by others but not with values measured at temperature. Previous results on quenched specimens had been described by a simple mass action relation with constant ordering energy. The new results on equilibrated specimens require a modified Bragg–Williams-type relation in which the ordering energy varies with the degree of order. Both ferrites are inverted when in equilibrium at low temperature. Magnesium ferrite approaches a random distribution at high temperature with a Curie point at about 1070°C. Oxygen positional parameters were 0.243±0.001 for both ferrites at room temperature. The lattice parameter of nickel ferrite quenched from temperatures up to 1255°C was 8.3295±0.0001 Å. For magnesium ferrite the lattice parameter varied from 8.3775±0.0001 Å, when quenched from 784°C. to 8.3848, when quenched from 1271°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006751
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-speed X-ray diffraction photography (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 409-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The speed of the conventional process of X-ray diffraction photography can be greatly improved by the use of a new industrial X-ray film and a fluorescent screen. This process produces a transparent film with about a tenfold decrease in exposure time and at a cost less than that of standard nonscreen film.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006568
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    \def\lambdabar{\ifvmode\noindent\fi{\hbox{$\lambda$}\kern-0.35em\raise0.7ex\hbox{-}\kern0.2em}}\lambdabar" Phase in Ti–30% V alloy (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The lattice type of the co phase in Ti–30%V alloy was determined with the X-ray precession method. Plane-net patterns of reciprocal lattice levels, normal to [110], [100], and [111] directions of the β phase, indicate that the ω phase has a b.c.c. structure with a lattice parameter three times that of the β phase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006581
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Computerized gnomonic projection chart for determining orientations of single crystals from Kossel patterns (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 419-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The increasing use of the electron microprobe analyser in research laboratories in recent years renewed the interest in the Kossel line method. Since it is possible to obtain diffraction patterns from selected areas – smaller than 5 microns diameter – this technique has been applied to measure the grain orientation in polycrystalline materials. Comparing the different published methods of interpreting the Kossel patterns, it has been found more convenient to use a digital computer with a peripheral graph plotter to obtain charts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006611
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alexey Vasilyevich Shubnikov, 1887-1970 (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 551-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987000691X
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison between the variances of the Cu Kα and Fe Kα spectral distributions (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 43-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The variance of the X-ray spectral distribution in the Cu Kα multiplet has been redetermined with improved accuracy and over a wider range than previously. This investigation is parallel to that of Edwards & Toman on iron radiation, with which comparison is made on the following points: (i) the effect of using a β-filter and (ii) the effect of interpolating the line profile under the Kα satellite group. Both definitions of the variance are considered and three linear regions can generally be distinguished in the variance–range function. The choice of definition and the usefulness of the different linear regions in any practical application are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006216
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  • 57
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    Digitale Medien
    Absorption correction: a simple least-squares method for the determination of the geometry of the shape of a crystal (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 542-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: For accurate absorption-correction calculations, a precise knowledge of the crystal shape is essential. A least-squares determination of the coordinates of the crystal apices according to the analytical expressions derived is obtained by taking a series of silhouette photographs of the crystal directly on an X-ray diffractometer with a pinhole in the incident beam and using soft continuous X-radiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006830
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The display of twinning in lithium niobate X-ray diffraction topography (1970)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 3 (1970), S. 546-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Ferroelectric domains in lithium niobate are equivalent to inversion twins and can be displayed in X-ray diffraction topographs using the phenomenon of anomalous dispersion of X-rays.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889870006866
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The thermal expansion of titanium, vanadium and niobium monoxides (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 103-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: At the stoichiometric 1 : 1 ratio of atoms, the cubic NaCl-type monoxides TiO, VO and NbO have a large number of vacant sites on both the metal and oxygen sublattices. X-ray determinations of the thermal expansions of these materials show quite distinct differences. At 298 °K, the coefficients of linear expansion defined as α = (1/a)(da/dT) are as follows: (TiO)0.856(\square)0.144, α = 6.6 (7) x 10−6; (VO)0.848(\square)0.152, α = 9.3 (6) x 10−6; (NbO)0.750(\square)0.250, α = 4.8 (0) x 10−6. Progressive filling of the vacancies in titanium monoxide merely shifts the expansion curves parallel to each other in the direction of higher lattice parameters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006447
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The double-crystal X-ray spectrometer: corrections, errors, and alignment procedure (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 130-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The theory of the X-ray double-crystal spectrometer is outlined. For a vertical rotation axis, crystal planes should be vertical and the X-ray beam horizontal. Geometrical errors are introduced by crystal tilts (departure from vertical) and misalignment (departure of central ray from horizontal). Even with perfect alignment a vertical divergence correction is required. A typographical error in Schwarzschild's analysis of these geometrical effects led to erroneous results by Schnopper, later corrected in an erratum. The physical significance of this revision is considered here. The resulting expression for relative wavelength error indicates that, for zero tilt, misalignment produces no significant errors in relative wavelengths. Geometrical errors are shown to be negligible in recent measurements of Bearden and very small in earlier work of Bearden & Shaw. The Williams vertical divergence correction, used by Bearden, is proven valid; the Parratt form, preferred by Schnopper, is incorrect. An alignment procedure which can reduce geometrical errors below 1 part per million is described. It employs a precision engineer's level (with autocollimating telescope) and a simple technique for grinding crystal faces parallel to atomic planes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006484
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  • 61
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    Digitale Medien
    Application of Ru-filtered monochomatic Ag Kα2 to X-ray topographic study (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 146-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Several applications of X-ray topography with Ru-filtered Ag Kα2 radiation are described. Two of these are variations of the Lang method combined with a Ru filter. The first one is to improve the Lang traverse pattern from a specimen crystal including locally highly distorted regions such as inclusions, as demonstrated for a pure iron crystal. The second is to obtain a traverse pattern from the whole area on the same topograph for a specimen including appreciably misoriented parts, by making the first slit wider than usual. This example has been shown for a Ge crystal. Another application is concerned with taking a topograph of an area as wide as of the order of the length of a line focus, in a shorter exposure time, with high resolution. Examples have been shown for Ge and Si crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006502
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An X-ray safety window for the Philips PW1081 radiation protection device (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 87-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871099928
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 89-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006344
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 90-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006356
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray study of primary long chain alkylammonium halides (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 93-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Primary normal alkylammonium halides crystallize in a preferred crystallographic orientation, forming single or twinned layers. The basal spacings are related to the number of carbon atoms within the homologous series, and are doubled in the twin layers. The orientation of the hydrocarbon chains between the ionic heads is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006423
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Charts for analysing crystallite orientation distribution function plots for hexagonal materials (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Charts are given which provide a rapid and unambiguous way of attributing ideal orientations to regions of crystallite orientation distribution function plots for hexagonal materials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987100668X
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precision determination of lattice parameters at low temperatures without the use of liquid gases (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The design of a vacuum jacketed multiple-exposure back-reflection camera and the adaptation of this camera to a closed circuit pressurized helium cryostat has made it possible to determine lattice parameters by X-ray diffraction to temperatures as low as 25 °K without liquid gases. The advantages of this new design are: short exposure periods (5 to 30 minutes), multiple (usually 6) exposures on a single film at any temperature between 25 and 180 °K, elimination of film shrinkage and hence, high precision lattice constants and thermal expansion coefficient determinations; easy detection of phase transformations. The lowest temperatures can be reached in 30 minutes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006708
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An X-ray diffraction method for lattice parameter measurements from corresponding Kα and Kβ reflexions (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 240-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A method is proposed for precise parameter measurements based on the accurate recording of angular separation between Kα and Kβ diffraction lines. The accuracy and sensitivity of the method are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006769
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scanning source X-ray topography (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 251-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A modification of the Lang traversing technique is described, which allows X-ray topographs of crystal arrangements, which are sensitive to mechanical vibration, to be taken. The application of the method to X-ray interferometry and moiré topography is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006782
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  • 70
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    Digitale Medien
    A metastable phase TiCu3(m) (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A metastable phase TiCu3(m) has been prepared by rapid quenching from the melt (splat cooling). TiCu3(m) is orthorhombic, D0a type, with a0 = 5.450, b0 = 4.426, and c0 = 4.307 Å. Although TiCu3(m) is isotypic with a nonexistent equilibrium phase `TiCu3' reported in the literature, its structure is distinctly different from that of `TiCu3'; instead, TiCu3(m) is closely related to ZrAu3. A large metastable solid solubility of Ti in Cu was found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006824
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  • 71
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data for lithium thallium tartrate monohydrate (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 180-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006629
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes and News (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 269-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006885
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion processes in metals edited by V. N. Svechnikov (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 270-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006927
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  • 74
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    Digitale Medien
    Application of normal probability plot analysis to lutetium orthoborate factors and parameters (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 284-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The methods of normal probability plot analysis have been applied to two nearly complete sets of structure factors (Fmeas) and the corresponding objectively assigned standard deviations (σFmeas) obtained by diffractometer measurement with two different crystals of lutetium orthoborate. The least-squares derived positional and thermal vibration parameters are shown to be too small by a factor of 1.8, and the σFmeas to be overestimated by a factor of 1.55. The two sets of Fmeas are found to contain a small but parallel bias. The lattice constants of rhombohedral calcite-type LuBO3 are measured as aH = 4.91538±0.00002 Å and cH = 16.21200±0.00003 Å at 298°K, with six formulas in the unit cell, space group R\overline 3c. The Lu–O distance in this six-coordinated Lu compound is 2.240±0.002 Å (corrected standard deviation). The B–O distance in the BO3 triangular groups is 1.370±0.005 Å. The characteristic Θ temperature is estimated as 446±19°K.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871006988
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of small alterations in the radius of gyration by small-angle X-ray scattering (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 317-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A differential method is presented for the evaluation of small-angle X-ray scattering data. The direct determination of slight changes in the radius of gyration of colloid particles is rendered possible by the method proposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007040
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray diffraction data on U3Si (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 326-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray powder data for the compound U3Si have been obtained from an alloy prepared by arc melting uranium and silicon followed by a 7 day anneal at 800°C. The d spacing determinations have been extended into the back reflection to a 2&thgr; value of 167.4 °. The observed relative intensities are compared with calculated values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007088
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A device for in situ α-irradiation of diffractometer mounted single crystals (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 331-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A diffractometer-mounted device for the controlled α-irradiation of the single crystals is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007118
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absorption correction: determining the external geometry and dimensions of a single crystal (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 400-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871099989
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The elimination of specimen and beam tilt errors in the Bond method of precision lattice parameter determinations (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 337-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: A previously given analysis of the combined specimen and beam tilt errors in Bond's single-crystal method of determining lattice parameters is extended and used to provide a method of obtaining parameters free from such errors from three separate measurements. The method requires that either the collimator or crystal be tilted by known angles between the measurements. An analytical and a simple graphical method of applying the procedure are described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007167
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray study of tetragonal PbO electrolytically deposited on rolled Pb substrate (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 376-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Observations of preferred orientation in the rolled Pb substrate and in the anodically deposited tetragonal PbO of a Pb/PbO(t) voltaic cell, by X-ray diffraction, are reported. A Pb → PbO(t) transformation mechanism is described for the orientation relationship, (110)PbO(t)\mid\mid(100)Pb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007234
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting Report (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 405-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007398
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  • 82
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    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of the effect of twinning on (101) on the effective particle sizes determined from X-ray line profiles for the L10 superlattice (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 434-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Fourier coefficients of the X-ray diffraction line profiles from an ordered face-centred tetragonal (L10) structure such as MgIn or CuAu have been calculated assuming the presence of twin and incoherent boundaries on (101). It is found that reflection components with (h−l) = 0 are not affected by twinning on (101). The theoretical expression for the effective particle size is compared with some measured particle sizes for cold-worked MgIn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987100743X
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Détermination des paramètres des mailles élémentaires de composés definis des systèmes Pu–Cu, Pu–Ga–Cu, et Pu–Ga–Ni (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 47-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Diffusion experiments involving Pu–Cu, PuGa–Cu and PuGa–Ni couples, have brought into evidence the binary compounds PuCu2 and PuCu4, a ternary compound PuCu3 with variable small amounts of gallium and the ternary compounds Pu2Ni2Ga and PuNiGa. The crystalline parameters of these compounds were determined by the Debye–Scherrer method using alloys obtained by direct processing. Powder X-ray diffraction showed the isomorphism of PuCu2 with CeCu2 and that all the above compounds are orthorhombic.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872008702
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A double-scan method for powder X-ray diffraction film (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 54-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987200874X
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 56-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872008763
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  • 86
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    Digitale Medien
    Eigenschaften und Herstellung gebogener Kupfermonochromatoren für thermische Neutronen (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 78-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The diffraction properties of a cylindrically bent, focusing copper crystal are discussed. Measurements with a γ-diffractometer and a two-axis diffractometer for thermal neutrons gave a means of checking the behaviour of the crystal. The monochromator reflects neutrons of a large range of wave-vectors, between 5.5 and 6.8 Å−1. The wavelength depends on the direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872008817
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  • 87
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    Digitale Medien
    K vivodu formuli dlya krivoy profilya istinnogo raspredeleniya intensivnost po uglam rasseyaniya, obuslovlennoy faktorami dispernosti i formi oblastey kogerentnogo rasseyaniya (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 90-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The formula giving the variation of X-ray intensity versus the diffraction angle due to dispersion factors and the form of the domains of coherent scattering is derived. For this case a general relation between the factor c of the Scherrer formula and the factor k = I(x)/Imax of the distribution curve is derived.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872008842
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Light-base nuclear plate useful for monitoring in X-ray topography (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 531-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007623
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  • 89
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    Digitale Medien
    Influence of precipitation hardening and reversible martensite reactions on recrystallization textures of 17%Ni–8%Co–4%Mo steel (1971)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 4 (1971), S. 452-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The respective rôles of precipitation hardening and reversible martensite reactions have been analysed in relation to development of textures in 17 %Ni-8 %Co-4 %Mo steel. Cold-rolling textures after 90 % reduction are independent of the heat treatment prior to rolling, and are described as mainly {001}〈\bar 110〉α′, and {557}〈\bar 110〉α′, components, with a {111}〈\bar 1\bar 12〉α′, component of lower intensity. The corresponding recrystallization textures produced by annealing in the austenite region vary according to prior heat treatment: solution-treated material exhibits a recrystallization texture consisting mainly of {557}〈\bar 110〉α′, and {̃510}〈\bar 150〉α′, components, whereas when precipitation of Ni3Mo takes place before the recrystallization anneal, the texture is more diffuse and contains, in addition to these components, a more even distribution of orientations which fie within a 〈111〉 fibre texture normal to the rolling plane. It is considered that the {557}〈\bar 110〉α′ + {̃510}〈\bar 150〉α′, recrystallization texture could be accounted for by a double shear transformation α′ → γ → α′, combined with texture sharpening during recrystallization in the austenite. It is necessary to invoke variant selectivity during the shear transformation in order to explain the absence of certain groups of orientations in the final α′ texture. The effect of Ni3Mo is attributed to restriction of grain boundary mobility in the austenite, so preventing sharpening of the texture at this stage by recrystallization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889871007465
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  • 90
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    Digitale Medien
    Crystal data on Gd3Ga2 (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 142-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009021
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographers (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 144-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009069
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structural characteristics of materials edited by H. M. Finniston (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 147-147 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009100
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  • 93
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    Digitale Medien
    Vergleichende Untersuchung über die röntgentopographischen Verfahren der Abbildung von Kristalldefekten (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 169-177 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Various characteristic lattice defects in silicon have been recorded by some of the main X-ray topographic methods (Bragg and Laue case, scanning- and fixed-crystal techniques, single and double diffraction, hard and soft radiation), with the same specimens used for all methods. The comparison of the results allows some general statements on the qualification (advantages and disadvantages) of each method for detecting and investigating different kinds of lattice defects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009148
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  • 94
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    Digitale Medien
    Adaption d'un ensemble de détection Si(Li) à un diffractometre X (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Si(Li) semictors developed for nuclear spectrometry have achieved energy resolutions of a few hundred eV compared with the keV of the conventional detector for X-ray spectrometry or diffractometry. So far, commercially available equipment incorporating a liquid nitrogen tank is too heavy and cumbersome for existing spectrometers and diffractometers. We have redesigned a Si(Li) probe suitable to replace scintillation or gas proportional counters on any conventional equipment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987200915X
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Further studies on the nickel–aluminium system. I. β-NiAl and δ-Ni2Al3 phase fields (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: New lattice parameter and density results have been obtained for alloys in the β-NiAl and 6-Ni2Al3 phase fields of the nickel–aluminium system. The lattice parameter of the β-NiAl phase (CsCl-type) falls linearly from 2.8870 Å at 50 at.% Ni to 2.8618 Å at 66. at.% Ni, with 2.00 atoms per unit cell. On the other hand, the lattice parameter on the Al-rich side of NiAl falls linearly from 2.8870 Å to 2.8652 Å, while the number of atoms per unit cell falls from 2.00 to 1.817 by the creation of vacancies in normally nickel sites. The trigonal 6-Ni2Al3 phase-structure, which is essentially an extension of cubic β-NiAl, but with every third plane of nickel atoms perpendicular to the trigonal axis missing, shows a minimum in the a and c spacings at stoichiometric Ni2Al3. Density measurements indicate that the vacancies formed by the missing planes are progressively filled as nickel is added to Ni2Al3, but that a substitutional solid solution is formed on the aluminium-rich side of stoichiometric Ni2Al3 with aluminium replacing nickel atom by atom. In the NiAl phase, the number of valence electrons increases from 2.28 per unit cell at 61.9 at.% Ni to 3.00 at stoichiometric NiAl, and remains constant at 3.00 as the vacancies form until Ni2Al3 is reached, at which stage the number of vacancies will have reached a maximum when there are only 1.67 atoms per pseudo-cubic cell. The number of electrons per pseudo-cubic unit cell then begins to rise and reaches the phase boundary value of 3.12 at 37.6 at.% Ni.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009203
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  • 96
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    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of the fast Fourier and trigonometric Fourier algorithms (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 234-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The Cooley–Tukey fast Fourier algorithm and the factored trigonometric Fourier algorithm are compared for four typical crystallographic problems. With general PL/1 programs the execution speed of the fast Fourier algorithm ranged from 4.7 to 19 times faster than the trigonometric algorithm. In addition the PL/1 fast Fourier program was 1.8 times faster than a space group specific, fixed axial length trigonometric Fourier FORTRAN program. Our results indicate that the fast Fourier is the most efficient algorithm available for crystallographic Fourier series calculations, with efficiency increasing as one goes to larger problems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009264
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  • 97
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    Digitale Medien
    Zur Elementarzelle von Ca3TeO6 (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 241-242 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: X-ray powder data of Ca3TeO6 are shown not to allow an unambiguous indexing.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009306
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The measurement of the lattice parameters of molybdenum ditelluride (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The lattice parameters of single-crystal molybdenum ditelluride have been measured by means of electron diffraction over the temperature range 100 to 470 °K. The following values were obtained for the lattice parameters at 295 °K, a = 3.5139± 0.0004 and c = 13.964± 0.005 Å. A value of 3.5188±0.0056 Å for the a parameter was also determined from the rotational moiré fringe pattern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872008787
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preparation and properties of solid state material. Vol. 1 edited by R. A. Lefever (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 252-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009380
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Handbook of electronic materials. Volume 5. Group IV semiconducting materials by M. Neuberger (1972)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 5 (1972), S. 253-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889872009422
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