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  • Microclimate
  • 2020-2022
  • 1985-1989  (17)
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stand microclimate and physiological activity of tree leaves in an oak-hornbeam forest (1989)
    Springer
    Trees 3 (1989), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Microclimate ; Photosynthetically active radiation ; Wind speed ; Relative humidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In an uneven-aged, multi-species oak-hornbeam forest at Báb, SW Slovakia (former IBP Forest Research Site), a series of micrometeorological and ecophysiological measurements started in 1985. The aims of the work are to improve understanding of physiological processes (photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration) of adult trees and stand microclimate, to collect data for simulation of the canopy (stand) photosynthesis and for ecological synthesis of the functioning of the forest ecosystem. In this paper, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in and above the forest are characterized for the fully leaved season, using diurnal courses, vertical profiles and isodiagrams (isopleths). Approximately 50% of incident PAR was absorbed by the upper 4–5 m layer of leaves and only approximately 5% or less penetrated to the forest floor. Vertical gradients of AT and RH were generally low, but large differences in diurnal ranges of AT and RH were observed between vertical levels. The upper leaf canopy greatly reduced WS, and at a height of about 14 m above the ground it was close to zero. The highest diurnal [CO2] maximum and variations occurred at 1 m above the ground, and the lowest above the forest. In “good” light conditions in the forest, the entire leaf canopy (overstorey and understorey canopy) is a large sink of CO2. At night the forest stand is a source of CO2, the largest internal source being the soil and forest floor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225356
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stand microclimate and physiological activity of tree leaves in an oak-hornbeam forest (1989)
    Springer
    Trees 3 (1989), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Microclimate ; Leaf photosynthesis ; Turkey oak ; Hornbeam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The photosynthetic activity of the Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L., height 22 m) and common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L., height 17 m) in a deciduous forest stand was analysed. Trees studied grew in an uneven-aged forest (80 years old on average, main canopy surface at a height of 18m) forming the former IBP forest research site at Báb, SW Slovakia (Czechoslovakia). The average photosynthetic rate of oak foliage was higher than that of hornbeam. Net photosynthetic rate at saturating photon flux rate (PNmax) of hornbeam amounted to only 60% of that of oak for the leaves of the upper canopy layer (UCL) and to 67% for the leaves of the lower canopy layer (LCL). In the summer months the main photosynthetic activity of this deciduous stand was focused upon the UCL leaves and oak species. The relationship between PN and photon flux rate, as well as the diurnal course of PN and stomatal conductance (gs), was calculated using a mathematical model. The diurnal course of PN and gs were similar for both tree species and both types of leaf. Maximal gs values were observed at noon. The lower values of compensation photon flux rate (Γ1) and photosynthetic efficiency (α) but higher values of the maintenance respiration rate (RM), confirmed the higher shade tolerance of the hornbeam. The dark respiration rate (RD) of the UCL leaves was higher than that (RD) of the LCL leaves. Various photosynthetic features and production capacity of the above-mentioned types of leaf expressed the adaptation pressures to radiation conditions. In the stand studied, the primary production of the greater part of the crown depended on the vertical foliage distribution and on light penetration during the midday hours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225357
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on microclimate, soil micro-fauna and vegetation cover at three different locations in Europe (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 33 (1989), S. 66-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Microclimate ; Soil micro-fauna ; Vegetation-Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Temperature and relative humidity were measured in the air in shade at a heigh of 2 m, on the ground in shade, and in clumps of vegetation, under similar conditions at localities in Sweden, England, and Portugal. No significant differences were noted in the standard deviations and ranges of the results obtained in each of these positions at any of the three different localities. This is discussed; faunal notes are appended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045898
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microclimates and water budget of algae, lichens and a moss on some nunataks in Queen Maud Land (1989)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 33 (1989), S. 272-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Microclimate ; Water budget ; Vegetation ; Antarctica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition of 1984–1985, land parties worked in the area of Mühlig-Hofmannfjella and Gjelsvikfjella in Queen Maud Land (5° 20′E, 1° 37′W, 1000–1600 m a.s.l.). The nunataks in this area, which represents one of the climatic limits for terrestrial life on earth, is among those areas absorbing the highest quantity of shortwave radiation during a period of 24 h in summer. In spite of this the air temperature never, or very seldom, exceeds 0° C. The limiting factor for photosynthesis over most of the summer was water availability. Melt-water plays an important role in spring. During rest of the growth season, water from condensation is probably the most important water source for plants. On calm nights the rate of condensation during 6 h may reach 0.5 mm, which constitutes only 10%–30% of daily potential evapotranspiration. Plants situated in narrow clefts or shielded by stone blocks have the highest rate of potential photosynthesis. These locations are shielded from direct solar radiation most of the time, but the radiation from surrounding stone surfaces is higher than from the atmosphere and heat loss by turbulence is smaller than for exposed locations. These locations also probably have the highest rate of actual photosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01051089
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water content effects on photosynthetic response of Sphagnum mosses from the foothills of the Philip Smith Mountains, Alaska (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 79 (1989), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Tundra ; Sphagnum ; Photosynthesis ; Water relations ; Microclimate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In tussock tundra areas of the foothills north of the Brooks Range, Alaska, up to two-thirds of annual precipitation may occur during intermittent summer thunderstorms. The seasonal pattern in capitulum water content of Sphagnum spp. depends on the frequency and duration of these precipitation events, on the microtopography of the habitat including depth of thaw, and on morphological characteristics of the individual species. The response of net photosynthesis to varying water content in Sphagnum squarrosum and S. angustifolium growing under willow canopies in a tussock tundra area near the Dalton Highway on the North Slope of Alaska was examined in the field. After a period in June required to develop photosynthetic capability, capitula water content was essentially optimal for photosynthesis in the range from 6 to 10 g H2O/g DW. Above this range, the rate of CO2 uptake was reduced, presumably due to limitations on CO2 diffusion to the photosynthetically active sites. At water contents below the optimum, net photosynthesis fell rapidly until reaching compensation at approximately 1 g H2O/g DW. Dependent on changes in weather conditions, average water content of Sphagnum samples collected in the field occasionally fell below 5 g H2O/g DW. During a particularly dry period, water content of individual Sphagnum hummocks fell below 1 g H2O/g DW, indicating that water stress does limit Sphagnum photosynthetic production in this habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388484
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of microclimatic conditions on potential photosynthesis ofUsnea sphacelata: A model (1989)
    Springer
    Ecological research 4 (1989), S. 297-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Lichen activity ; Microclimate ; Modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At a boulder on a hill near Casey Station, Wilkes Land, sensors for light, temperature and humidity were installed facing the four cardinal directions. The measurements lasted for about two months of the summer season 1985/86. The data recording was carried out at intervals of 6 minutes for all probes by automatic recording instruments. Data analysis was carried out with special regard to the biological effects of the parameters analyzed. These data of the microclimatic features taken from its original place of growth were used to a regression model of potential photosynthetic activity ofUsnea sphacelata, which is a characteristic species of this area. Although the individual time courses of the above mentioned parameters show long periods of favourable conditions for possible growth and metabolic processes, the combined analysis of these variables considering threshold values for metabolism shortens these time spans drastically. Thus, cross relationships within the physical descriptors and their effects on the actual values of photosynthesis as well as respiration become evident. They are illustrated by the results of models on photosynthesis and respiration ofU. sphacelata regarding the different cardinal directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348450
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic costs of the winter arboreal microclimate: The gray squirrel in a tree (1988)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 32 (1988), S. 112-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Squirrel ; Arboreal ; Microclimate ; Thermoregulation ; Taxidermic mount ; Standard operative temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Heated taxidermic mounts of the gray squirrel were used to analyze the thermal environment of a small arboreal endotherm. Changes in the standard operative temperature (T es) calculated from the temperatures of heated and unheated mounts agreed well with the power consumption (M−E) of mounts on the ground and on the wind-ward side of a 48-cm diameter tree trunk. As wind speed (u) rose and sky solar radiation (Q r) decreased, the windward side of the tree trunk became an increasingly more stressful thermal environment than the leeward side of the trunk or the ground, producingM−E differences of more than 30%. Although theM−E of a ground mount and a limb mount 4 m in the air are dependent onQ ras well asu, the ratio of the two value ofM−E is independent ofQ r, poorly predicted byu and well predicted byu 1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01044904
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method to determine some characters of vegetation structure (1988)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 78 (1988), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Biomass ; Horizontal denseness ; Inclination ; Leaf area index ; Methodology ; Microclimate ; Structure ; Vertical denseness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ecological importance of both horizontal and vertical denseness of vegetation is discussed. Existing methods to analyse them are reviewed and a new method is proposed. Horizontal and vertical denseness are estimated, both per layer of 10 cm and cumulative. From these data the following parameters are calculated: degree of overlap between layers, plant area index per layer, and average inclination per layer. The values thus obtained are compared with values measured directly or calculated otherwise. Some examples are given to illustrate the method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045642
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects on movement patterns of yellow baboons (1988)
    Springer
    Primates 29 (1988), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Behavior ; Thermoregulation ; Habitat selection ; Biometeorology ; Microclimate ; Papio ; Amboseli National Park
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the effect of thermal environment on movement patterns of free-ranging yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus). For Amboseli baboons, one source of potential thermal stress is intense midday heat, and a plausible thermoregulatory response is for animals to simply move into the shade. I therefore examined the hypothesis that baboons would choose quadrats with higher shade availability (as measured by vegetation cover) in response to increasing midday heat loads (as measured by air temperature and solar radiation). Surprisingly, this was not the case—neither ambient air temperature, ambient solar radiation, nor quadrat plant species composition had a significant effect on shade availability of quadrat selected. Instead, thermal conditions affected a different aspect of baboon movements; namely, spatial displacement rates. At high air temperatures, baboons as a group traversed woodland habitats more slowly, and bare pans more quickly, than at lower air temperatures. I surmised that this relationship might reflect thermal effects on movement patterns at a smaller scale: if individuals exposed to high heat loads spent more time resting in shade under clumps of vegetation, they would thereby traverse densely-vegetated (hence shaded) quadrats more slowly. To address this question directly, I obtained focal sample data on activity and microhabitat budgets of individual baboons in relation to environmental temperature. The frequency of most combinations of activity state (e.g., grooming, social behavior) and microenvironment state (e.g., elevation, proximity to vegetation) did not vary monotonically with air temperature. However, baboons in shaded locations (but not those in unshaded locations) spent more time resting and less time moving at high air temperatures than low. In other words, baboon activity budgets depended on both microclimate and microhabitat—animals reduced their activity, particularly movement, when they encountered shade under hot conditions. This pattern of microhabitat choice in turn led to temperature-dependent changes in travel rate at the habitat level. These observational studies of movement patterns suggest that Amboseli baboons employ opportunistic thermoregulation—they do not seek out densely-shaded habitats or individual patches of shade at high air temperatures. Instead, they respond to environmental heat loads by resting, and thereby slowing down, when they happen to encounter plant shade. Aspects of baboon ecology that favor such an opportunistic mode of thermoregulation include large body size and non-thermal constraints on movement patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380852
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of krummholz mat microclimate on needle physiology and survival (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 73 (1987), S. 82-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Timberline ; Krummholz ; Microclimate ; Picea engelmannii ; Abies lasiocarpa ; Photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Microclimate and photosynthesis of krummholz mat growth forms of Picea engelmanii (Parry) and Abies lasiocarpa [Hook.] Nutt. were investigated to determine structural features which may aid survival in alpine environments. The structure of krummholz mats was described in terms of the vertical distribution of leaf area index and leaf area density, which exceeded 50 m-1 (based on total leaf surface area) near the canopy surface and approached zero below 30 cm from the surface in both species. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, 0.4–0.7 μm wavelengths) and wind decreased by an average of 6 and 50-fold, respectively, between 1 m above and 10 cm below mat surfaces in both species. Needle temperatures on a P. engelmannii krummholz mat during July averaged about 2°C above air temperature during the day, with a maximum overtemperature of greater than 20°C above T air during one sunlit period. At night, needle temperatures averaged 3–4°C below T air. Net photosynthesis in year-old P. engelmannii shoots reached a maximum at 15–20°C during July and August. Surface shoots were light saturated at near 1200 μmoles m-2s-1 PPFD, and had higher photosynthetic rates than subsurface, predominantly shaded shoots above 800 μmoles m-2s-1. Shade shoots had higher photosynthetic rates when PPFD was below 600 μmoles m-2s-1, and at 250 μmoles m-2s-1 shade shoots maintained about 50% of the net photosynthetic rate of sun shoots at light saturation. Shade shoots appeared capable of benefitting photosynthetically from elevated temperatures within krummholz mats despite relatively low light levels. Especially rapid photosynthesis may occur when canopy needles are illuminated by sunflecks and needle temperatures rise by 10° C or more. Snow cover appears crucial for the survival of needles during winter. Snow accumulated within krummholz needle canopies before the sub-canopy zone of unfoliated branches became filled. The concentrated needle growth in the krummholz canopy captured snow in early autumn without support from ground-level snowpack. Early snow cover in both species prevented cuticle abrasion and resulted in high winter needle water contents and viabilities for subsurface compared to surface needles which became abraded, severely dehydrated, and had high mortality between December and February, especially on windward sides of shoots. Extremely high concentrations of needles within krummholz mat canopies created an aerodynamic structure which elevated needle temperatures to more optimal photosynthetic levels in summer and resulted in more efficient snow accumulation in winter. These factors appear crucial for winter needle survival. Thus, krummholz mats appear to be an important adaptation in growth form which provides survival benefits in both summer and winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376981
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field photosynthesis, microclimate and water relations of an exotic temperate liana, Pueraria lobata, kudzu (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 262-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Kudzu ; Photosynthesis ; Water relations ; Microclimate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Kudzu occurs in a variety of habitats in the southeastern United States. It is most common in exposed, forest edge sites and road cuts where it forms an extensive ground canopy as well as a canopy overtopping nearby trees, but it can also be found in completely open fields and deeply shaded sites within a forest. Microclimate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and photosynthetic responses to light, temperature and humidity were measured in two contrasting microhabitats on Pueraria lobata, kudzu. Midsummer leaf temperatures and leaf-to-air water vapor deficits for plants growing in an exposed site were significantly greater than for those in a shaded site, exceeding 35° C and 50 mmol mol-1, respectively. Maximum stomatal conductance exceeded 400 mmol m-2 s-1 in exposed leaves during peak vegetative growth. Stomatal conductance in shaded leaves was approximately half the value measured in exposed leaves on any particular dya. Maximum photosynthetic carbon uptake was also higher in leaves growing in exposed sites compared to leaves in shaded sites, exceeding 18.7 and 14.0 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration decreased dramatically in response to increasing water vapor deficit for leaves from both sites. However, transpiration showed an initial increase at intermediate water vapor deficits, leveling off or even decreasing at higher values. Leaf water potential demonstrated marked diurnal variation, but remained constant over a wide range of transpirational water fluxes. This latter feature, combined with microenvironmental modification through rapid leaf orientation and pronounced stomatal responses to water vapor deficits may represent important adaptive responses in the exploitation of a diverse array of habitats by kudzu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377293
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rainfall and the interaction of microclimate with larval resources in the population dynamics of checkerspot butterflies (Euphydryas editha) inhabiting serpentine grassland (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Euphydryas ; Butterfly ; Extinction ; Serpentine ; Microclimate ; Phenology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interaction of host plant phenology and microclimatic heterogeneity was examined to determine its role in the population dynamics of checkerspot butterflies, Euphydryas editha, inhabiting serpentine grassland in California's outer Coast Range. Within the 2–3 hectares inhabited by a population of E. editha (Jasper Ridge Area H), microclimatic differences resulting from topographic heterogeneity largely determine the temporal and spatial pattern of senescence of the larval host plants, Plantago erecta and Orthocarpus densiflorus. Survival of larvae from hatching to diapause is extremely low as a result of unpredictable variation in the timing of larval development relative to the timing of host plant senescence, both of which are mediated by microclimatic patterns. During this study, population H declined to near extinction as a result of two consecutive years of record rainfall that apparently disrupted the tenuous temporal relationship between larval development and plant senescence. Retarded development of post-diapause larvae led to a late and extended flight season and delayed egg production; this in turn resulted in massive mortality of pre-diapause larvae due to starvation because host plant senescence occurred before larvae became large enough to enter diapause. Adult population size the following spring was the smallest in 25 years of study. This work emphasizes the importance of microclimatic heterogeneity for understanding population-level processes in small ectothermic animals and underlines the potential importance of such heterogeneity in the establishment of reserves designed to protect such animals
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377280
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of small-scale environmental heterogeneity using clonal transplants of Anthoxanthum odoratum and Danthonia spicata (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Microclimate ; Fecundity ; Anthoxanthum ; Danthonia ; Atkinsonella
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To assess the scale of micro-environmental heterogeneity perceived by two co-occurring grass species, Anthoxanthum odoratum and Danthonia spicata, cloned tillers of each species were planted into the natural habitat at a range of spacings (from 2 cm to more than 2 m apart) and measured for survival and fecundity over three years. A. odoratum responded to heterogeneity at a scale of 4–8 cm and at a scale of 2–8 m but not to intermediate scales. D. spicata did not respond significantly to heterogeneity. However one genotype infected with the systemic fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon showed a large response to heterogeneity at both small and large spatial scales. The results showed that the scale and level of environmental heterogeneity as measured by its fitness impact depends on the species and genotype involved. The results indicate that small scale environmental heterogeneity could play a role in the maintenance of sexual reproduction in A. odoratum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379305
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  • 14
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    A review of major factors influencing plant responses to recreation impacts (1986)
    Springer
    Environmental management 10 (1986), S. 637-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Recreation impacts ; Plant stress ; Soil compaction ; Drainage ; Canopy densities ; Microclimate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This article reviews some of the more important factors found to influence the susceptibility of plants to trampling impacts associated with recreational use of natural areas. A three-way interaction mediates plant responses to impacts: plant x environment x stress level(s). Plant responses vary in part according to the genetic constitution of the plant, life and growth form, the adaptive flexibility of the plant, and anatomical differences inherent to growth habit and morphology. Other factors that influence plant sensitivities to impacts are the habitat environments in which plants grow, since a number of conditions such as moisture excesses or deficiencies, nitrogen or oxygen starvation, late frosts, etc., cause physiological injury and may increase plant sensitivity to impacts. Among the environmental factors that may increase or lessen plant sensitivities to impacts are soil moisture levels, canopy density, elevation, aspect, microclimate, soil drainage, texture, fertility and productivity. Seasonal influences also bear consideration since environmental changes and phonological and physiological events are mediated by time of year. Stresses are caused by both direct and indirect forms of impact and vary according to season of use, frequency and amount of use, and the type of activity. These interactions are further complicated by evidence that inter- and intraspecific competition, antagonism, and commensalism may influence differences in the sensitivity of plant communities to impacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01866768
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution quantified by microtopography in an assemblage of saxicolous mosses (1986)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 64 (1986), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Bryophyte ; California ; Chaparral ; Granite ; Microclimate ; Microdistribution ; Microtopography ; Moss ; Saxicolous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Microtopography was quantified and related to plant microdistribution in an assemblage of bryophytes on granitic rocks in the inland chaparral of San Diego County, California, U.S.A. The dominant species, Grimmia laevigata, grew mostly on north-, east-, and west-facing surfaces with slope less than 60°. Other bryophytes tended to grow on steep, concave, north- and west-facing surfaces. Occurrence of these latter species was strongly associated with shade, as estimated from microtopography. The relationship of microdistribution to microclimate and ultimately to plant physiology can probably be successfully defined in systems such as this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044789
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  • 16
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    Posture, microclimate, and thermoregulation in yellow baboons (1986)
    Springer
    Primates 27 (1986), S. 449-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Behavior ; Thermoregulation ; Biometeorology ; Microclimate ; Baboon ; Papio ; Amboseli National Park
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes thermoregulatory behavior of free-ranging yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in Amboseli, Kenya. While resting in trees during early morning hours, baboons are directly exposed to thermal effects of wind and sun. We hypothesized that these animals would respond to microclimatic changes by altering their posture and body orientatio so as to minimize thermal stress. The results of this study indicate that air temperature, solar radiation, and wind velocity interact in their effect on behavior as predicted by this hypothesis. Specifically, the most salient cue for trunk orientation choice is wind direction, while posture is primarily influenced by air temperature. In sum, our results clearly demonstrate that when baboons are unable to minimize thermal stress by selecting a more favorable microenvironment, they do so by altering their posture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381890
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  • 17
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    Vegetation structure and microclimate of three Dutch Calthion palustris communities under different climatic conditions (1985)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 59 (1985), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Biomass ; Calthion palustris ; Climate ; LAI ; Microclimate ; Vegetation structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three Dutch Calthion palustris communities, situated in different phytogeographic districts which vary in elimatic conditions, are compared with respect to vegetation structure and microclimate. The three Calthion stands which are similar in soil, management and hydrology, differ slightly in total aboveground biomass in the period just before cutting, but there is a larger difference in the biomass contributed by phanerogams, bryophytes and litter. The structure of the Calthion communities varies in vertical distribution of biomass and leaf area (LAI), and growth form and leaf size composition. These differences are interpreted in terms of elimatic differences such as length of growing season, temperature and wind. Profiles of decreasing light intensity within the vegetation canopy are related to the vertical distribution of biomass, LAI and leaf inclination of the various Calthion communities. Temperature and saturation deficit of the air on the different sites show profiles of a similar shape which suggests that in such ecologically comparable plant communities, vegetation structure differs under influence of the macroclimate in such a way that the resulting vegetation canopies modify the microclimate within the vegetation to become homologous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055686
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