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  • 1
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    University of Florida/IFAS, Office of Conferences & Institutes | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/231 | 3 | 2011-09-29 22:23:17 | 231 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: This joint conference is to provide a forum forphysical, biological, and social scientists to share their knowledge andresearch results concerning restoration of the Greater Everglades and Florida Bay Ecosystem.
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Oceanography ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Planning ; Florida Bay ; research ; conferences
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: book
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 282
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  • 2
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    Florida Sea Grant College Program | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/300 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:45:05 | 300 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-28
    Beschreibung: As a program supporting academic research that addresses recognized societal needs, theFlorida Sea Grant Program is developing a research theme area on estuaries to provide a uniquely academic product that will augment mission-oriented research undertaken by government and bythe private sector. This report is not a call for proposals. It does not prescribe a specific researchplan. Rather, it is a concept paper designed to focus research on two broad "organizing themes":(1) the hydrology of Florida's estuaries, and (2) the impact of cyclic environmental variability onestuarine function. (46pp.)
    Beschreibung: National oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Planning ; estuaries ; hydrology ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Institute of Oceanology, Havana, Cuba | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/417 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:47:45 | 417 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: A brief analysis of the bsics of artificial reefs as well as the methods and techniques in use are provided. The need for clear objectives and the design of artificial reefs for long-term goals is emphasized. Several principles are established. First, artificial reefs must target the enhancement of biological and fishery production of the Cuban shelf. This principle introduces major changes in current concepts, which are bsed exclusively on the increase of catch per unit effort. Second, an adequate balance between fishing effort, refuge capacity, food availability and fish recruitment must be established. Therefore, the use of artificial reefs siwth many cavities as habitats for algae, invertebreates and fishes, in place of artificial reefs exclusively employed as fish aggregators, is discussed. A methodology for a national development program, including the materials, structures, reef configurations, quantities, and distributions is proposed. As a result of examinations of habitats on the four sections of the Cubman shelf, an area of 12,500 sq.km. is defined as adequate for artificial reefs and isolated refuges. Eight-hundred and fifty reefs, each one formed by 200 refuges, are proposed. The use of artificial reefs for recreational fisheries is recommended for Cuba.(English & Spanish editions, 46 pgs in each edition; full text searching unavailable)
    Beschreibung: Translated by Georgina Bustamante and Keyon Lindeman.
    Schlagwort(e): Fisheries ; Biology ; Engineering ; Cuban shelf ; fisheries ; artifical reefs ; Cuba ; habitats artificiales ; plataforma cubana
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    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/428 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:56:50 | 428 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The shoaling and bank erosion at Ponce de Leon channel, Punta Gorda, Florida, havecaused concern of harming the mangrove community along the channel. Three factorswere identified that could contribute to the bank erosion of Ponce channel. Theyare tidal induced current, wind waves penetrating from the Charlotte Harbor, andwakes caused by boat traffic. According to the field experiments and numericalmodeling studies, it was determined that the combined wind wave and tidal currentforce is the major cause to the bank erosion. Wind wave appears to play a moreimportant role because of its dynamic nature. For the present cross-sectionalchannel condition the tidal current alone is only a moderate erosional force.It was also found that reopening the barge canal would cut the tidal currentstrength in the Ponce channel by a half. This current reduction would reduce butnot eliminate bank erosion in the lower reach as the wind-wave induced force willremain to be an important erosional factor.A number of remedial alternatives were given in the report. The most direct methodis to provide bank protection. The extent of the protection depends upon theextent of wind wave penetration which could be as deep as 150 m into the channelunder the present channel entrance condition. (This document has 49 pages. )
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; tidal current ; erosion ; channels ; Ponce de Leon channel ; Florida ; mangroves ; Punta Gorda
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 5
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/535 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:04:05 | 535 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This report presents results of field measurements and numerical modeling of thehydrodynamic and sedimentary behaviors at a boat lock located in Section 15, BurntStore Isles of Punta Gorda, Florida. The purpose of the study is to establish thequantities of tidal flows through the lock in comparison with the flows bypassing thelock through other outlets between Section 15 and the Alligator Creek. The amountof sediment and pollutant transporting through the lock are also estimated in thestudy. (Document has 68 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Environment ; Punta Gorda ; Florida ; canals ; Alligator Creek ; Flow exchange ; Boat lock ; Pollutant transport
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/536 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:04:36 | 536 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This is the first of a pair of reports documenting the effects of storms on barrier island systems.The present report (Volume 1) investigates storm effects on natural island conditions whereasVolume 2 addresses the effects of seawalls. With the aim of simulating the effects of overwashon barrier islands and characterizing their response, a series of nine experiments was conductedat the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the University of Florida. The barrier island wassimulated by a 400 feet wide (prototype units) horizontal crest and an initially planar (1:19)beach. The effects of various storm surge levels and accompanying overtopping were investigated.Experiments were conducted with both regular and irregular storm waves. Regularwaves without overtopping caused the formation of a substantial berm in the swash zone and aprominent longshore bar offshore. Increasing degrees of overtopping resulted in substantial lossof sand from the barrier island system. The longshore bar was considerably more subtle for thehighest water level tested (11.5 ft. above mean sea level). Simulation of a storm-surge hydrographwith rising and falling water levels indicated that the presence of the bar tends to occuronly during a relatively steady or slowly changing water level. The experiments with irregularwaves were conducted with reasonably similar wave heights and carrier periods as those withregular waves. The major difference was in the characteristics of the longshore bar response. Incomparison with cases with regular waves, the bar was less distinct without overtopping, subtlewith minimal overtopping and absent in cases with substantial overtopping. These experimentsseem to indicate that offshore bars are simply break-point bars which require a fairly steadybreak-point and undertow (return of mass transport) for optimal formation. (Document has 84 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Beschreibung: Prepared for: Beaches and Shores Resource Center Innovation Park, Morgan Building Box 9 2035 East Paul Dirac Drive Tallahassee, Fl 32304
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Barrier Island ; Storm Effects ; Beach Erosion ; Overwash ; Washover
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/533 | 3 | 2021-02-27 20:20:10 | 533 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This report presents results of the experiments of the existing inlet and eightstructural alternatives to the Sebastian Inlet from a movable bed model. It is intendedto find solutions for improvement of boating safety and protection of beaches adjacentto the inlet. Based upon the experimental results from here and the fixed bed modelstudy, which is summarized in Part I report, an optimum structural modification planwas then recommended providing a general frame of improvement scheme.The research in this report was authorized by the Sebastian Inlet District Commissionof September 15, 1989. The University of Florida was notified to proceedon November 14, 1989. The study and report were prepared by the Department ofCoastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of Florida. Coastal TechnologyCorporation was the technical monitor representing the Sebastian Inlet District. (Document has 109 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Planning ; Erosion ; Sediment transport ; Shore erosion ; Structural alternative ; Sebastian Inlet ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/534 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:03:47 | 534 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This thesis examines the historical shoreline response to inlet modifications and sealevel rise. Inlet modifications are considered to be the geographic stabilization and training(through the use of structures) of natural inlets and the creation and further modification ofartificial inlets. Shoreline response to natural and artificial processes must be understood inorder to predict the performance of the coastline. The tendency for creating and modifyinginlets increases as industry and population growth demands. Sea level rise is a natural processwhich cannot be controlled at this time. Current theoretical approaches to predictingshoreline response indicate that sea level rise and inlet modifications can cause substantialshoreline impact. Florida, with roughly a century of shoreline position and relative sea leveldata, provides a basis for examining past trends and comparing them with theory.The shoreline of Florida was found to be accreting with the greatest accretion alongthe east coast. Shoreline responses within the boundaries of the erosional influence of inletsdue to their creation and/or modification were examined for 19 inlets around the coast ofFlorida. The differences in the shoreline response before and after the initial modification ofeach inlet show the erosional strain that inlets apply on the nearby shoreline. The effect onshoreline response due to the human intervention (unnatural processes) of modifying inletswas isolated and examined. The shoreline response due to this "human intervention" was erosional, thereby showing the negative impact that modified inlets have on shorelines. Thisinduced erosion is responsible for the loss of roughly 21.6 million cubic yards of sand from theshoreline that is within the erosional influence of Florida's east coast inlets. Combining theshoreline changes due only to natural processes with sea level rise data allows for comparisonwith the commonly accepted Bruun Rule for shoreline response as a result of a changingsea level. This comparison and the effects of including a lag time between a rise in sea leveland a change in shoreline along the east coast of Florida during the last century show noagreement with the Bruun Rule and no correlation with a specific lag time. (Document has 153 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Coasts ; Sea level changes ; Coastal inlets ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 9
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/541 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:05:18 | 541 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This is the second of a pair of reports documenting the effects of storms on beach systemsincluding the presence of seawalls. With the aim of simulating the effects of overwash onbarrier islands with seawalls and characterizing their response, a series of eight experimentswas conducted at the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the University of Florida. The barrierisland was simulated by a 400 feet wide horizontal crest and an initially uniform mildly-sloped(1:19) beach. The effects of positioning the seawall at two different locations as well as the effectsof various storm surge levels and accompanying overtopping were investigated. Experimentswere conducted with both regular and irregular storm waves. With the seawall located at theslope break between the crest and the sloping beach of the barrier island, and the crest of theseawall just submerged in sand, the effects on the sediment transport process were found to beminimal. For the same position of the seawall but with the crest of the seawall raised above thesurrounding ground level, overtopping caused washover of sand indicating substantial transportin suspension. Increased levels of overtopping tended to accentuate bed profile changes butsupress bar formation (as did irregular waves). Positioning the seawall at the Mean Sea Levelshoreline caused significant scour both immediately landward as well as immediately seawardof the seawall. A prominent scour trough developed further seaward. The longshore bar washighly three-dimensional. It appears that seawalls need to be located adequately landward of theshoreline to discharge their function effectively without adverse effect to the beach. In addition,concerns for safety warrant the presence of an adequate buffer-zone between the seawall andthe upland property. (61 pp.)
    Beschreibung: Prepared for: Beaches and Shores Resource Center Innovation Park, Morgan Building Box 9 2035 East Paul Dirac Drive Tallahassee, Fl 32304
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Barrier island ; seawalls ; storm effects ; beach erosion ; overwash
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/542 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:05:43 | 542 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This report presents results of field measurements and numerical modeling of thehydrodynamic and sedimentary behaviors at a boat lock located in Section 15, BurntStore Isles of Punta Gorda, Florida. The purpose of the study is to establish thequantities of tidal flows through the lock in comparison with the flows bypassing thelock through other outlets between Section 15 and the Alligator Creek. The amountof sediment and pollutant transporting through the lock are also estimated in thestudy. (68 pp.)
    Beschreibung: Prepared for City of Punta Gorda, Florida
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Boat lock ; flow exchange ; pollutant transport ; Punta Gorda ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1064 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:11:59 | 1064 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: This report presents the results of a bathymetric surveying program carriedout on the beach and nearshore region about 1 km to the north of the PortCanaveral inlet. The survey data covers a period between March 16 and July 21,1988. The data was collected in support of a field study on directional wavemeasurement and Bragg reflection from artificial, shore-parallel bars, performedduring June-July, 1988. The topography at the experiment site was generallymonotonic in the on-offshore direction (except near the end of the experimentalprogram) and uniform in the longshore direction. (64 pages)
    Beschreibung: Office of Naval Research
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Bathymetric survey ; beach profiles ; Port Canaveral ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1071 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:11:25 | 1071 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: We present a new modeling method for use in large-scale physical systems, such as the Everglades ecosystem.The current work that has been done in the ATLSS (Across-Trophic-Level System Simulation) project-whichfocuses on simulating key Everglades system components-relies on code integration. While this represents anecessary first step in analyzing the dynamics of species within the Everglades, it falls short of true modelintegration. We have constructed a methodology called object-oriented physical modeling (OOPM), which allowsa comprehensive knowledge representation to be constructedfor large-scale systems. OOPM enforces theidea that an implementation ofcomputer code can be accomplished in an incremental fashion by starting with aconceptual model and progressing to more detailed models. During this evolutionary procedure, a minimal amountof code is written, since the emphasis is on developing the conceptual model so that it not only represents theintuitive aspects ofthe model, but is also executable. OOPM provides a kind of "blueprint" for ecologists, biologistsand hydrologists to communicate and integrate models effectively. (14 page document)
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Management ; Engineering ; Limnology ; Everglades ; Florida ; ecosystem ; modeling ; ATLSS (Across-Trophic-Level System Simulation) ; restoration
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 76-89
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  • 13
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    Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1132 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:05:45 | 1132 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: We evaluated the use of strip-transect survey methods for manatees through aseries of replicate aerial surveys in the Banana River, Brevard County, Florida, duringsummer 1993 and summer 1994. Transect methods sample a representative portion ofthe total study area, thus allowing for statistical extrapolation to the total area. Otheradvantages of transect methods are less flight time and less cost than total coverage, easeof navigation, and reduced likelihood of double-counting.Our objectives were: (1) to identify visibility biases associated with the transectsurvey method and to adjust the counts accordingly; (2) to derive a population estimatewith known variance for the Banana River during summer; and (3) to evaluate thepotential value of this survey method for monitoring trends in manatee population sizeover time. (51 page document)
    Beschreibung: Research Work Order no. 116
    Beschreibung: FINAL REPORT to the U.S. Department of the Interior National Biological Service (RWO-116: Aerial Survey objective)
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Engineering ; Banana River ; Brevard County ; Florida ; manatee ; Trichechus manatus ; aerial surveys
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Florida Sea Grant College Program | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2063 | 3 | 2011-09-29 19:45:01 | 2063 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-11
    Beschreibung: The following discussion presents information on human-made reefs and their role--as one tool of many--in the management of both fisheries and habitat. Principal subjects covered in this paper include a definition of marine habitat improvement and determination of its attainment, the present applications of reef construction technology to environmental situations both generally and in three case-studies, and suggested desirable attributes for incorporation into future use of this technology. (PDF has 11 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Authors’ note: This document was the basis for a keynote presentation at the 2004 World Fisheries Congress, in a session on Marine Fisheries Habitat Improvement. Several of the slides shown there are included here, without captions.
    Schlagwort(e): Management ; Fisheries ; Engineering ; Environment ; artificial reefs ; Florida ; habitat improvement
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
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    Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1695 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:11:10 | 1695 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-09
    Beschreibung: This report responds to the 1986 Beaches Bill which, in recognition of thepotential deleterious impact on Florida's beaches of inlets modified for navigation,mandated a study of those inlets with identification of recommended action to reducethe impacts. This report addresses west Coast inlets; East Coast inlets are thesubject of a companion report.There are 37 inlets along that portion of Florida's West Coast commencing fromPensacola Bay Entrance to Caxambas Pass at the south end of Marco Island. Compared tothose on the East Coast, most West Coast inlets have not had the deleterious effectson the adjacent beaches, yet all modified inlets without proper management have thepotential of impacting unfavorably on the adjacent shorelines. Moreover, at presentthere is interest in opening three West Coast entrances which either have been openin the past (Midnight Pass) or which have opened occasionally (Navarre Pass andEntrance to Phillips Lake).A review of inlets in their natural condition demonstrates the presence of ashallow broad outer bar across which the longshore transport Occurs. These shallowand shifting bar features were unsuitable for navigation which in many cases has ledto the deepening of the channels and fixing with one or two jetty structures. Inlets in this modified state along with inappropriate maintenance practices have thepotential of placing great ero$ional stress along the adjacent beaches. Moreover.channel dredging can reduce wave sheltering of the shoreline by ebb tidal shoals andalter the equilibrium of the affected shoreline segments. The ultimate in poor sandmanagement practice is the placement of good quality beach sand in water depths toogreat for the sand to reenter the longshore system under natural forces; depths of 12ft. or less are considered appropriate for Florida in order to maintain the sand inthe system.With the interference of the nearshore sediment transport processes by inletsmodified for navigation, if the adjacent beaches are to be stabilized there must bean active monitoring program with commitment to placement of dredged material ofbeach quality on shoreline segments of documented need. Several East Coast inletshave such transfer facilities; however. the quantities of sand transferred should beincreased. Although an evolution and improvement in the technical capability tomanage sand resources in the vicinity of inlets is expected, an adequate capabilityexists today and a concerted program should be made to commence a scheduledimplementation of this capability at those entrances causing greatest erosionalstress on the adjacent shorelines.A brief summary review for each of the 37 West Coast inlets is presentedincluding: a scaled aerial photograph, brief historical information, several itemsrelated to sediment losses at each inlet and special characteristics relevant toState responsibilities. For each inlet, where appropriate, the above infor~tion isutilized to develop a recommenced action. (PDF has 101 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Division of Beaches and Shores, Florida Department of Natural Resources
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Bypassing ; Entrances ; Inlets ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 16
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/469 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:07:24 | 469 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: Current plant canopy wind flow models require three aerodynamic parametersto predict the effects of wind on sand transport--the plant drag coefficient, Cd, the leafarea density profile, LAD, and the turbulent eddy transfer coefficient, 6,. The LADand Cd characterize the plant canopy and its effects on air flow and, prior to thisstudy, data on these parameters for dune vegetation did not exist. The purpose of thisstudy was to design and test a methodology for measuring the wind drag coefficient ofcoastal dune plants. The objectives were 1) to measure and record the parametersneeded to calculate Cd, namely, the force, relative velocity and air temperature; 2) tomeasure the leaf area density of sea-oats; 3) to validate the method by measuring thequantities needed to compute the drag coefficient for a right circular data exists; and 4) to explore the Reynolds number dependence of the canopy dragcoefficient. (This document has 76 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Masters
    Beschreibung: UFL/COEL/92/017
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Environment ; sea oats ; Uniola paniculata ; aerodynamic drag ; winds ; coastal vegetation
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 76
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  • 17
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/468 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:57:37 | 468 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The following report presents wave data collected at two near shore locations off Hollywood Beach, Florida beginning inJanuary 1990 and ending May 1992. The methods used to collect and analyze the data are also presented. Significant waveheight, peak wave period, and peak wave direction are presented in time series plots, and summarized monthly in tables.Appendices include the time series plots, wave roses of each deployment period, an overall wave rose for each site and adiskette of the data in ASCII format. (Document has 68 pages; diskette lacking.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; waves ; Florida ; Hollywood Beach
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    University of Florida, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/416 | 3 | 2011-09-29 22:05:32 | 416 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: This bulletin describes artificial reef monitoring programs in Florida. At least half thenation’s human-made marine reefs are estimated to be in Florida waters and high interestexists statewide among fishing, diving, governmental, economic and other stakeholders in theperformance of these structures and the habitats that they create. Further, the level andbreadth of activity in Florida makes it a bellwether, nationally and worldwide, for interestsconcerned with aquatic science, ecosystem management and environmental technology forhabitat restoration or creation.Recent developments in Florida have prompted increased interest and effort in “monitoring”of reefs. These include extensive studies and disseminating results by the academicresearch community and the advent of governmental funding for monitoring projects in Floridacounties. In response, this study was undertaken to gauge this growing field. Assessment of reefperformance—including evaluation of how well they meet objectives for which they werecreated—has been a neglected subject in many areas of the world. More immediate issues ofreef materials selection, siting and deployment usually take precedence in the short-term.A principal readership for this paper is the network of county-level organizations andindividuals whose largely independent efforts, taken as a composite, make up much of theFlorida reef “program.” Information presented here describes the extent and nature of reefmonitoring in Florida counties, how data are managed and aspects of communication aboutreefs. (16pp.)
    Beschreibung: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
    Beschreibung: NOAA Grant No. NA16RG-2195
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Fisheries ; Engineering ; Florida ; artificial reefs ; monitoring
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 19
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    University of West Florida, Biology Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/35 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:36:56 | 35 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: There is a critical need for accurate data in order to make decisions regarding the construction, emplacement, and further development of artificial reefs in the State of Florida.This study looked a biotic and abiotic parameters of articifial reefs. A data matrix listing reefs on the vertical axis and the associated biotic and a biotic data or attributes available from published and non-pub1ished sources on the horizontal axis created: 1) a compilation of what data were available; 2) an indication of the completeness and extensiveness of the data; 3) a summary of the descriptive statistics of the data; 4) a preliminaryanalysis of the relationship among the biotic and abiotic parameters through correlation analysis; 5) some preliminary modeling of the artificial reefs to form the basis of prediction through stepwise and multiple linearregression analysis. (29pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Ecology ; Engineering ; Environment ; artificial reefs ; Florida ; ecology
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 20
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    University of Florida, Department of Agricultural Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/39 | 3 | 2021-02-27 20:05:00 | 39 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: Vacuum-packed Yellowfin tuna steaks were individually frozen in either liquid Freon or in an air storage freezer, and evaluated for keeping quality after 1, 3, and 6 months of frozen storage (-27OC). The resulting freezing rates were used to project the economic feasibility of a small scale commercial processing plant. Regardless of freezing method the vacuum-packed steaks demonstrated keeping quality comparable to fresh control samples handled as in normal distribution channels. The estimated cost to manufacture allowed sufficient profit at competitive selling prices to generate a rate of return of 132%. This would pay back the estimated cost of plant and equipment in less than one 6-month season of operation at full capacity (16pp.)
    Beschreibung: IR-84-18
    Schlagwort(e): Health ; Fisheries ; Engineering ; food economics ; Yellowfin tuna
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 21
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    Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Oceanography and Ocean Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/34 | 3 | 2021-02-27 20:03:06 | 34 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-25
    Beschreibung: It has been the purpose of this project to provide the basic biological and geological data together with summary guidelines which will allow the Florida Dept. of Environmental Regulation and project engineers to make the necessary permitting and design decisions for beach nourishment project in worm reef areas. The present workseeks to determine the tolerance of P. lapidosa tosediment burial, the tolerance of these organisms to exposure to hydrogen sulfide, the tolerances of these organisms to heavy silt loads in the water, etc. (37pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Environment ; beach nourishment ; Sabellariid ; Phragmatapoma lapidosa ; Florida ; reefs
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 22
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/128 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:54:16 | 128 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: The purpose of this report is to develop and illustrate with examples readily appliedmethodologies for calculating the response of shorelines in the vicinity of beach nourishmentprojects. The need for such methodology is a result of Florida Statutes 161.053(G) and Rule16B-33.024(3)(e) which require, with minor exceptions, coastal structures to be locatedlandward of a thirty- year projection of the Seasonal High Water Shoreline (SHWL). (163pp.)
    Beschreibung: Prepared for: Division of Beaches and Shores Florida Department of Natural Resources 3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Tallahassee, FL 32399
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Environment ; beach nourishment ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 23
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    University of Florida, Florida Sea Grant College | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/129 | 3 | 2021-02-27 20:09:37 | 129 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: Seawall design on the open coast is an often overlooked problem inthe State of Florida as well as other areas of the South Atlantic and GulfCoasts. Escoffier [1] mentions numerous seawall failures and improperdesign considerations along the Mississippi Gulf Coast which were exposedby hurricanes after the seawalls were built. It is hoped that this bulletin, along with Reference 3, will provide agood starting place for those involved in technical design and constructionsupervision aspects of seawalls.
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Sea-walls ; Shore protections ; Coastal engineering
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 24
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/127 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:53:49 | 127 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: The critical need to predict the turbidity in water due to fine-grained sediment suspensionunder wave action over mud deposits for sedimentation and erosion studies, as well assorbed contaminant transport, is well known. Since fall velocities of fine sediment particlesare very small, they can be easily transported by hydrodynamic flows such as waves andcurrents. The presence of these particles in the water column affects accoustic transmission,heat absorption and depth of the eutrophic zone (Luettich et al., 1989). Because these sedimentsalso have a strong affinity for sorbing nutrients and toxic chemicals, sediments whichhave been deposited on the bottom may function as a source of contaminants to the watercolumn if they are disturbed by eroding forces resulting, for instance, from wave action. Anoutstanding example of a water body for these problems is Lake Okeechobee, the largestshallow lake in Florida. This lake shows typical signs of artificial eutrophication mainly dueto increased phosphorus loading associated with the surrounding region. Resuspension of sediment at the bottom of Lake Okeechobee composed of fine-grainedmaterial has been examined. A sediment transport model was used to simulate likelytrends in the evolution of the vertical suspended sediment concentration profile resultingfrom wave action, and the corresponding eroded bed depth was calculated through massbalance. Requisite information on characteristic parameters and relationships related tofine sediment erodibility were derived from field sampling of bottom sediment in the lake,and through laboratory experiments using this sediment and lake water. (161pp.)
    Beschreibung: South Florida Water Management District
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Limnology ; Environment ; Chemistry ; Erosion ; Fine sediment ; Lake mud ; Lake Okeechobee
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 25
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/125 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:53:23 | 125 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: A brief summary review for each of the 19 inlets on Florida's East Coast is presented including:a scaled aerial photograph, brief historical information, several itemsrelated to sediment losses at each inlet and special characteristics relevantto State responsibilities. For each inlet the above information is utilized to develop a recommended action, usually in the form of periodic sand transferquantities. (PDF contains 67 pages)
    Beschreibung: Division of Beaches and Shores, Department of Natural Resource, State of Florida
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Engineering ; Florida ; inlets ; St. Marys Entrance ; Nassau Sound ; Ft. George Inlet ; St. Johns River Entrance ; St. Augustine Inlet ; Matanzas Inlet ; Ponce De Leon Inlet ; Port Canaveral Entrance ; Sebastian Inlet ; Ft. Pierce Inlet ; St. Lucie Inlet ; Jupiter Inlet ; Lake Worth Inlet ; South Lake Worth Inlet ; Boca Raton Inlet ; Hillsboro Inlet ; Port Everglades Entrance ; Baker's Haulover Inlet ; Government Cut (Miami Harbor) ; management
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 26
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/165 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:54:43 | 165 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: A method is presented and illustrated with examples to establishappropriate storm damage reduction and recreational benefits frombeach nourishment projects. Unlike previous methods, benefits toproject adjacent areas are recognized due to sand transport out of theproject area and deposition on adjacent beaches. (31pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Environment ; Beach nourishment ; Damage reduction ; Nourishment benefits ; Recreational benefits ; Storm damage
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 5-10
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  • 27
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    Florida Sea Grant College | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/181 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:42:52 | 181 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: Florida's coastal county artificial reef sampling and data management programsare surveyed in this report. The survey describes the county level capability for artificialreef documentation and performance assessment based on their needs, interests,organizational structure and "in-situ" data collection and data management techniques.The. primary purpose of this study is to describe what staffing, training, techniques,organizational procedures and equipment are used by the coastal counties to establishlocal reef assessment projects, if they have such an effort. This information is necessaryto help determine the feasibility of implementing standards of data quality assurance andcontrol for a state reef database with information provided by local reef managers. (103pp.)
    Beschreibung: Florida Department of Natural Resources
    Beschreibung: Florida Department of Natural Resources Project Number R/FDNR-4
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; artificial reefs ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 28
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/178 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:55:06 | 178 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-26
    Beschreibung: This study has evaluated the volumes of beach quality material availablefrom the dredging planned for the deepening of the Pensacola Bay EntranceChannel. Recommendations have been made for volumes and configurations ofplacement on portions of the Perdido Key Unit of Gulf Islands National Seashore. (52pp.)
    Beschreibung: National Park Service
    Beschreibung: Prepared For: National Park Service 75 Spring Street, SW Atlanta, GA 30303
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Environment ; Pensacola Bay Entrance Channel ; beach nourishment ; Perdido Key ; Gulf Islands National Seashore ; Florida ; sediment transport
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 29
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/212 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:56:19 | 212 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: This study was carried out to examine the effects of seawalls on the adjacentbeach by three dimensional model test. The results obtained from model test wereanalyzed in terms of volumetric changes and shoreline and hydrographic change toquantify the effects of seawalls.The experiments were carried out in the wave basin of Coastal and OceanographicEngineering department, University of Florida. A model seawall was installedon the test beach (19mxl4m) which was initially molded into equilibriumshapes. During the test, hydrographic surveys were conducted at regular time intervals.The main variable in the experiment is the wave angle. Cases both withand without seawall were tested. (141pp.)
    Beschreibung: Sea Grant Project No. R/C-S-26; Grant No. NA86AA-D-SG068
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; seawalls ; models ; beaches
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 30
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/210 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:55:34 | 210 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: It is well known that tidal inlets tend to cause accretion on updrift shorelines anderosion on downdrift shorelines. This study documented the shoreline changes near severaltidal inlets along Florida's east and west coasts. An analytical and a numerical methodwere used to attempt to predict the shoreline changes downdrift of these inlets. (142pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; shore protection ; beach erosion ; inlets ; Florida ; thesis ; Ft. Pierce Inlet ; Sebastian Inlet ; St. Lucie Inlet ; Boca Raton Inlet ; baker's Haulover ; St. Andrews Bay Entrance ; Venice Inlet ; Lake Worth Inlet
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  • 31
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    University of Florida, Coastal & Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/211 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:55:56 | 211 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: Hurricane Hugo hit U.S. Mainland on September 21, 1989just north of Charleston, South Carolina. It was billedas the most costly hurricane on record. The loss on themainland alone exceeded 7 billion dollars, more than15,000 homes were destroyed and the loss of livesexceeded forty.This article documents one aspect of the multi-destructionscaused by the hurricane - the water anderosion damage on water front or near water frontproperties. A general damage survey was given first,followed by assessment on the performance of variousengineered and non-engineering structures, on the majorfactors contributing to failures. Conclusions were thendrawn with recommendations for future improvement. (26pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Atmospheric Sciences ; Engineering ; Hurricane Hugo ; South Carolina ; storm damage
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 32
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/471 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:58:12 | 471 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: This report is to document the programs my colleague and I developed for computingtime-dependent nearshore hydrographic changes including beach profile responses.The time scale of the model is suitable for storm events to seasonalchanges, currently up to one year period. The model is very stable and is capableof handling complicated topographies including inlets and irregularly-shapedstructures such as curved jetties and breakwaters.The purpose of three-dimensional models is to predict the change of bottomtopography from the spatial distribution of the sediment transport rates, which areevaluated from the nearshore wave and current fields computed point by point insmall areas defined by a horizontal grid placed over the region of interest. Modelsof 3-D beach topography change require much fewer idealizations than do the linemodels. (Document has 43 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Coast changes ; models ; nearshore currents
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 33
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/474 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:59:04 | 474 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: This data report contains measurements of turbidity obtained near Hollywood,Florida, during the period of January 1990 to April 1992. Data were obtainedwithin one meter of the seabed in depths of 5 m and 10 m. Turbidity was found tovary significantly under natural conditions, with values during storms sometimesexceeding 29 NTU. Tables and plots of turbidity data are presented. (Document contains 77 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; beach nourishment ; Hollywood ; Florida ; turbidity
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    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 34
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/477 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:59:30 | 477 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This report is the third annual report in a continuing series documenting a field projectwithin the Gulf Islands National Seashore at Perdido Key, Florida. The field project includesthe monitoring of a number of physical parameters related to the evolution of the Perdido Keybeach nourishment project. Approximately 4.1 million m3 of dredge spoil from Pensacola Passwere placed upon approximately 7 km of the Gulf of Mexico beaches and 3 million m3 offshoreof Perdido Key between November, 1989, and October, 1991.Beach profile data describing the evolution of the nourished beach are included, as wellas wave, current, tide, wind, temperature, and rainfall data to describe the forces influencingthe evolution. Data describing the sediment sizes throughout the project area are also included. A brief discussion of the data is included with an emphasis on evolution of the beach andoffshore nourishment. (Document contains 249 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Department of the Navy, Southern Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Engineering ; Beach nourishment ; Sediment transport ; Perdido Key ; Florida ; Gulf Islands National Seashore
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 35
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    University of Florida, Department of Fisheries | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1084 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:12:43 | 1084 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the status of fish communitiesin 12 naturally acid Florida lakes. The small, shallowlakes were located in the Ocala National Forest, the TrailRidge, and panhandle Florida; regions where lakes have lowacid neutralizing capacities and are considered sensitive tofurther acidification from anthropogenic sources.Fifteen species from seven families were capturedduring mark-recapture sampling. Warmouth (Lepomis gulosus)was the only cosmopolitan species in the study. Bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterussalmoides), collected from 11 and 10 lakes, respectively,were also widely distributed species. Total fish abundanceand biomass were not related to lake pH or total alkalinity.(Document has 202 pages)
    Beschreibung: Research Work Order no. 73
    Beschreibung: PhD
    Beschreibung: This document was Cecil Jenning's Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Florida.
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Limnology ; Chemistry ; lakes ; Florida ; fishes ; community ; water chemistry
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 202
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  • 36
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1476 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:31:04 | 1476 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: Inlets are common coastal features around the world. Essentially aninlet connects a lagoon, a bay or an estuary to the ocean (or sea), and theflow through the inlet channel is primarily induced by the tidal rise andfall of water level in the ocean. When speaking of the hydraulics of an inlet,one is interested mainly in determining the flow through the inlet andthe tidal variation in the bay, given the following:(1) Inlet geometry(2) Bay geometry(3) Bottom sediment characteristics in the inlet(4) Fresh water inflow into the bay (and out throughthe inlet)(5) Ocean tide characteristicsA combination of all these factors can produce a rather complex situation. (PDF contains 34 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Tidal inlets
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    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 37
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1474 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:31:13 | 1474 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: The purpose of this study was to determinethe actual direction of littoral transport along the north shore of SantaRosa Island in the vicinity of Pensacola Beach, Florida. To accomplish thisobjective the sand tracer method was used for the study. Visual observationsand instrument recordings of the environment factors were also made duringthe tracing operations. The investigation covered a time span from September14, 1976 to March 12, 1977.(PDF contains 68 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Sponsor: Department-of the Army Mobile District, Corps of Engineers Mobile, Alabama
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Santa Rosa Island ; Florida ; Longshore sediment transport
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    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 38
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1472 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:31:18 | 1472 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: The framework of sediment budget concepts provides a formalized procedureto account for the various components of sediment flux and the changes ofvolume that occur within a given region. Sediment budget methodology can beuseful in a number of coastal engineering and research applications,including: inferring the amount of onshore sediment transport for a nearshoresystem that contains an "excess of sediment", determining sediment deficits todowndrift beaches as a result of engineering works at navigational entrances,evaluating the performance of a beach nourishment project, inferring thedistribution of longshore sediment transport across the surf zone, etc.This chapter reviews briefly the governing equations for sediment budgetcalculations, considers various measurement and other bases for determiningthe sediment flux components necessary to apply the sediment budget conceptand finally for illustration purposes, applies the sediment budget concept toseveral examples. (PDF contains 52 pages.)
    Beschreibung: PUBLISHED IN DYNAMICS OF SAND BEACHES, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COASTAL ENGINEERING (ICCE) 20th TAIPEL, R.O.C. NOV., 1986.
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Sediment transport ; modeling
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    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 39
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1471 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:31:48 | 1471 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: A fixed-bed hydraulic model of Jupiter Inlet, Florida, wasconstructed for the purpose of testing measures designed to remedyproblems of sediment erosion and deposition in the inlet area. Bothtide-induced flows as well as waves were simulated in the model whichwas built on an undistorted scale of 1:49. Model verification was basedon prototype measurements of waves, tides and currents. Results havebeen interpreted in terms of the influence of various proposed remedialschemes on flow velocity magnitude, distribution and wave height atvarious locations within the study area. A stability parameter has beenutilized for evaluating the degree of sediment erosion or deposition ata given location.Various structural solutions were examined in the model. It isproposed that, in the initial phase of solution implementation, sedimentremoval/nourishment methods be used primarily to mitigate the existingproblems. New structures, as per model test results, should beinstalled under subsequent phases, only if sediment managementprocedures do not prove to be adequate. The currently followedprocedure of periodic sand trap dredging may be extended to include thenew dredging/nourishment requirements. (PDF contains 245 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Submitted to: Jupiter Inlet District and Palm Beach County
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Hydraulic model ; Inlet hydraulics ; tidal inlets ; Jupiter Inlet ; Sedimentation ; Florida
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 40
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    Florida Sea Grant College Program | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/236 | 3 | 2011-09-29 22:22:36 | 236 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: Conference themes addressed: Applications and Restoration Targets,the Mangrove-Estuarine Transition Zone, Benthic Habitats, Water Quality, Physical Processes,Higher Trophic Levels, and Adjacent Systems.
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Biology ; Engineering ; Chemistry ; Florida Bay ; research ; conferences
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    Materialart: book
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 262
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  • 41
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    Florida State University, Department of Economics | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/299 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:44:49 | 299 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-28
    Beschreibung: Registered boats less than 26 feet in Florida have expanded from 449,995 in 1982 to 620,548 in 1993,a 38 percent increase. Boats of this size are likely to be trailered to boat ramps for access towater bodies in and around the state. This increased demand for boat ramps has been accompanied bymany studies and surveys indicating a need for more public boat ramps and that existing ramps needimprovement. This report covers boat ramp issues and boaters' willingness to pay for manatee protection. (106pp.)
    Beschreibung: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
    Beschreibung: NA 36RG-0070,
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Fisheries ; Engineering ; Environment ; boating industry ; manatees ; ramps ; Florida
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 42
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/479 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:00:10 | 479 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the maximum structure-inducedlocal sediment scour depths for the proposed bridge piers for the Merrill BarberBridge over Indian River on.State Road 60 in Indian River County, Florida and 2) todetermine the feasibility of predicting equilibrium local scour depths near complexmultiple pile bridge piers from bottom shear stresses on the prescoured bed. Aseries of hydrodynamic tests were conducted in a laboratory flume (100 ft long x 8 ftwide x 2 ft deep) where flow velocities near model piers were measured with a twocomponent constant temperature anemometer at a height of 3 mm above the bed. Bottomshear stresses were then estimated from the flow measurements. The piers (which are1/15 scale models of proposed Merrill Barber Bridge piers) consisted of thirtysixsquare piles (3 columns of 12) and a pile cap that was positioned at differentelevations above the bottom. Two different pile cap shapes were also considered. Asimple relationship between the prescoured bottom shear stress and the equilibriumlocal scour depth was postulated.Sediment scour tests were then conducted in the same flume with the samemodels. The average duration of these tests was 28 hours. Scour depths weremeasured periodically throughout these tests using an acoustic transponder. Thescour measurements were used 1) to establish the maximum scour depths for the MerrillBarber Bridge piers and 2) to calibrate and test the scour-shear stress relationship.Even though the range of conditions tested was somewhat limited, the approach appearspromising and should be pursued further. A number of interesting findings were maderegarding the rate at which scour occurs in these complex structures. (Document contains 134 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; scouring ; bridges ; Florida ; Merril P Barber Bridge
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  • 43
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    University of Florida. Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/493 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:01:09 | 493 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: Covers the engineering aspects of beach nourishment.(Document is 192 pages)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Beach nourishment ; Florida
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 44
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    University of Florida. Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/496 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:02:24 | 496 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This report presents the results of laboratory studies which were carried out in the Coastaland Oceanographical Engineering Laboratory to investigate the effects of ground water tableelevations on the beach profile changes over the swash zone. The experiment was conducted atthree different water table levels while the other experimental conditions were fixed to constantvalues with regular waves. The water table levels included (1) normal water table level whichis the same as mean sea level, (2) a higher level and (3) a lower level than the mean sealevel. Special attention was given to the higher water level to investigate whether this levelenhances erosion of the beach face and also to methods of interpreting the experimental data.The experiment described herein was carried out with a fairly fine sand and has demonstratedthe significance of beach water table on profile dynamics. The increased water table levelcaused distinct effects in three definite zones. First, erosion occurred at the base of the beachface and the sand eroded was carried up and deposited on the upper portion of the beachface. Secondly, the bar trough deepened considerably and rapidly and the eroded sand wasdeposited immediately landward. This depositional area changed from mildly erosional tostrongly depositional. Third, the area seaward of the bar eroded with a substantial deepening.The lowered water table appeared to result in a much more stable beach and the resultingeffects were much less. The only noticeable trend was a limited deposition in the scour area atthe base of the beach face. (Document has 37 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Limnology ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Beach erosion ; ground water
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 45
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    University of Florida. Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/495 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:01:50 | 495 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: The focus of this study was the flow patterns of a flood tide near an inlet. The objectiveswere to examine flood flow patterns with particular reference to non-uniform or selectivewithdrawal as influenced by bottom topography and longshore currents, and to test theapplicability of conceptually simple analytic solutions to realistic sandy inlet bottom topographies,which often include an ebb shoal. Specifically, the applicability of three analytic solutions, twoof which include offshore selective withdrawal, to modeling of tidal water withdrawal duringflood tide under variable bottom topography and varying ratios of longshore current to inletvelocity, was examined. The three analytic solutions, including those for a horizontal (flat)bottom, a linearly sloping bottom and a logarithmically sloping bottom, together with a uniformlongshore current, were derived using potential flow theory. These solutions exhibit uniformlydistributed flows, selective offshore withdrawal, or an exaggerated offshore withdrawal,respectively, depending on the bottom slope. In order to investigate the flow patterns that exist during flood flow at a real inlet, experiments were conducted in a fixed bed hydrodynamic modelof Jupiter Inlet, Florida. Measurements were made to determine streamlines and velocities. Afield study at the prototype also tracked drogue patterns to determine streamlines and velocities.The physical model tests compared well with the field data. Comparison of thelaboratory and field data was then made to the analytic solutions to determine whether thetopography at Jupiter Inlet, which includes a well-developed ebb shoal, simulates a flat, meanlinearly or logarithmically sloping bottom. By comparing velocities at six selected points, asignificant relationship between the physical model and field data to the flat bottom analyticsolution was evident. The physical model tests and field data suggested that the flood tidal prismwas drawn from the region predominantly shoreward of the ebb shoal, thus implying a nearshoreselective withdrawal. Because the flood tidal prism was drawn from the nearshore, the flowpatterns at Jupiter Inlet did not resemble the analytic solutions of a linearly or logarithmicallysloping bottom, even though over a relatively long distance offshore, the bottom topography doesslope offshore at this inlet. In general, different inlet topographies would lend themselves todifferent analytic solutions, two examples being 1) the linearly sloping bottom of Koombana BayInlet, Australia, which shows an offshore selective withdrawal and 2) the basin-like nearfieldtopography of Jupiter Inlet which shows a more uniform nearshore withdrawal. The implicationsof this study are relevant to inlet management issues such as the mining of an ebb shoal for useas a source of beach sediment and changes in larval transport patterns due to jetty modifications. (Document has 97 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Thesis, M.S., Engineering
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Tidal inlets ; Jupiter Island ; Florida
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 46
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    Florida Cooperative FIsh and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1116 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:06:16 | 1116 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: A comparison between a 1985 photo-interpreted vegetation mapand a vegetation map made from classified 1987 satellite data ofthe Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge showed that 81% ofsamples taken in areas occupied by cattail (Typha sp.) on thephoto-interpreted map corresponded with cattail on the satellitedata map.(5 page document)
    Schlagwort(e): Biology ; Limnology ; Engineering ; Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge ; satellite imagery ; cattail ; Typha sp.
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 47
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    University of Florida, Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1069 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:11:07 | 1069 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: To predict the hydrodynamics of lakes, estuaries and shallow seas, a two 'dimensionalnumerical model is developed using the method of fractional steps. Thegoverning equations, i.e., the vertically integrated Navier-Stokes equations of fluidmotion, are solved through three steps: advection, diffusion and propagation. Thecharacteristics method is used to solve the advection, the alternating direction implicitmethod is applied to compute the diffusion, and the conjugate gradient iterativemethod is employed to calculate the propagation. Two ways to simulatethe moving boundary problem are studied. The first method is based on the weirformulation. The second method is based on the assumption that a thin water layerexists over the entire dry region at all times. A number of analytical solutions areused to validate the model. The model is also applied to simulate the wind drivencirculation in Lake Okeechobee, Florida.(135 page document)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Limnology ; Engineering ; hydrodynamics ; simulations ; lakes ; estuaries ; Lake Okeechobee ; Florida ; thesis
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 48
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    Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department, University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1475 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:31:06 | 1475 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: Inlets which require frequent channel dredging due to gradual shoaling,exhibit migration, or shoal up during storms, are in general unstable andpose a problem to the engineer. This problem of inlet stability is a complexone, because of the rather large number of variables that go into definingstability. The reference here is to inlets on sandy coasts only, becausethe absence of sand or similar sedimentary material the problem does notarise. Shell is also found in varying proportions with sand. Some of thisis. new, whereas in some areas it is ancient reworked material whose sizedistribution is close to that of the sand with which it is associated. (PDF has 24 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Tidal inlets
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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  • 49
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    Florida Sea Grant College Program | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/285 | 3 | 2011-09-29 22:17:11 | 285 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-28
    Beschreibung: The level of activity and interest in “marine biotechnology” among Florida universityfaculty and allied laboratory scientists is reported in this document. The information will beused to (1) promote networking and collaboration in research and education, (2) informindustry of possible academic partners, (3) identify contacts interested in potential new sourcesof funding, and (4) assist development of funding for a statewide marine biotechnologyresearch, training and development program.This document is the first of its kind. Institutions of higher learning were given theopportunity to contribute both an overview of campus capabilities and individual facultyExpressions of Scientific Interest. They are listed in the table of contents. (104pp.)
    Beschreibung: Office of Sea Grant, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Biology ; Engineering
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 50
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    Florida Sea Grant College Program | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/411 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:50:13 | 411 | Florida Sea Grant College Program
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: The Atlas of Artificial Reefs in Florida -- Fifth Edition, provides the public with information to locate artificial reefs constructed forfisheries enhancement, and for the enjoyment of fishing and diving by residents and visitors to Florida's coastal waters.This edition expands on the information that was included in earlier versions by adding thirty-five new permitted sites and 250additional components deployed on these and many pre-existing sites. A variety of sources of information have been utilized to acquire themost accurate and complete information in order to present the most up-to-date artificial reef listing possible for Florida. With the magnitudeof reef construction over the last 30 years there are potential opportunities for inaccurate information, especially with nearly 900 componententries on approximately 364 permitted sites. (59pp.)
    Schlagwort(e): Management ; Fisheries ; Engineering ; Florida ; artificial reefs
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 51
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    University of Florida Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/472 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:58:29 | 472 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: One and two-dimensional, second order turbulence plant canopy flowmodels were developed for the purpose of estimating the effect ofcoastal vegetation on wind blown sand transport. The computer programthat solves the governing differential equations uses measured leafarea density profiles and drag coefficients for crop plants similar inshape and size to the more common coastal vegetation in Florida. (Document has 57 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Atmospheric Sciences ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; coastal vegetation ; dunes ; winds ; sediment transport
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 52
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/467 | 3 | 2020-08-24 02:57:18 | 467 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-29
    Beschreibung: Part I. Relationships between the rate of bed fluidization and the rate of wave energy dissipation, by Jingzhi Feng and Ashish J. Mehta and Part II. In-situ rheometry for determining the dynamic response of bed, by David J.A. Williams and P. Rhodri Williams.A series of preliminary laboratory flume experiments were carried out to examine the time-dependentbehavior of a cohesive soil bed subjected to progressive, monochromatic waves. The bed was an aqueous,50/50 (by weight) mixture of a kaolinite and an attapulgite placed in a plexiglass trench. The nominal bedthickness was 16 cm with density ranging from 1170 to 1380 kg/m 3, and water above was 16 to 20 cmdeep. Waves of design height ranging from 2 to 8 cm and a nominal frequency of 1 Hz were run fordurations up to 2970 min. Part I of this report describes experiments meant to examine the rate at whichthe bed became fluidized, and its relation to the rate of wave energy dissipation. Part II gives results onin-situ rheometry used to track the associated changes in bed rigidity.Temporal and spatial changes of the effective stress were measured during the course of wave action,and from these changes the bed fluidization rate was calculated. A wave-mud interaction model developedin a companion study was employed to calculate the rate of wave energy dissipation. The dependence ofthe rate of fluidization on the rate of energy dissipation was then explored.Fluidization, which seemingly proceeded down from the bed surface, occurred as a result of the lossof structural integrity of the soil matrix through a buildup of the excess pore pressure and the associated loss of effective stress. The rate of fluidization was typically greater at the beginning of wave action andapparently approached zero with time. This trend coincided with the approach of the rate of energydissipation to a constant value. In general it was also observed that, for a given wave frequency, the largerthe wave height the faster the rate of fluidization and thicker the fluid mud layer formed. On the otherhand, increasing the time of bed consolidation prior to wave action decreased the fluidization rate due togreater bed rigidity. Upon cessation of wave action structural recovery followed.Dynamic rigidity was measured by specially designed, in situ shearometers placed in the bed atappropriate elevations to determine the time-dependence of the storage and loss moduli, G' and G", ofthe viscoelastic clay mixture under 1 Hz waves. As the inter-particle bonds of the space-filling, bedmaterial matrix weakened, the shear propagation velocity decreased measurably. Consequently, G'decreased and G" increased as a transition from dynamically more elastic to more viscous responseoccurred. These preliminary experiments have demonstrated the validity of the particular rheometrictechnique used, and the critical need for synchronous, in-situ measurements of pore pressures and modulicharacterizing bed rheology in studies on mud fluidization.This study was supported by WES contract DACW39-90-K-0010.(This document contains 151 pages.)
    Schlagwort(e): Engineering ; Cohesive sediments ; Resuspension ; Energy dissipation ; Rheology ; Fluidization ; Rheometry ; Fluid mud ; Water waves ; Pore pressures
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  • 53
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    University of Florida. Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/492 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:00:51 | 492 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: With the rapid growth and development of barrier islands, understanding the long-termstability of these islands is an integral part of future coastal planning. The overwash process isthe largest influence on the long-term stability of these islands and thus a correspondingunderstanding is of major importance. A laboratory experiment was undertaken to physicallymodel the wave and current forcing as they pertain to the overwash process. The physical modelwas subjected to various storm conditions common to the occurrence of the overwash.Combinations of wave height, wave period, and overwash depth were tested in an attempt toisolate the significant parameters. Water surface gradients were also applied to observe theirinfluence on the overwash process. Wave height, current, and bed profile measurements weretaken at different locations throughout the tank. In addition, wave height transformationmodeling and mean current prediction were performed and compared to the laboratory results inan attempt to model the overwash process through computer simulations. (Document has 132 pages)
    Beschreibung: Thesis, M.S. Engineering
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Barrier islands ; storms ; overwash
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 54
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/497 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:02:42 | 497 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: The mechanism by which fluid mud is formed by water wave motion over coastal andestuarine cohesive soil beds is of evident interest in understanding and interpreting themicrofabric of flow-deposited fine sediments in shallow waters, and hence the erodibilityof muddy beds due to hydrodynamic forcing. This study investigated water wave-inducedfluidization of cohesive soil beds composed of a 50/50 (by weight) mixture of a commercialattapulgite and a kaolinite in a laboratory flume. Temporal and spatial changes of theeffective stress were measured during the course of wave action, and from these changesthe bed fluidization rate was calculated. A previously developed hydrodynamic wave-mudinteraction model of the two-layered water-mud system was employed to study the natureand the degree of wave dissipation, in terms of energy dissipation rate, during the bed fluidizationprocess. By evaluating the mud rheological properties separately, a mud viscositymodel was developed, which was then used in conjunction with the wave-mud interactionmodel to obtain an effective sheared thickness of the bed resulting from wave action. Thisthickness, considered to be a representative of the fluidized mud thickness, was comparedwith the latter obtained from pressure measurements. Also, through this wave-mud modelthe relationship between the rate of fluidization and the rate of wave energy dissipationduring fluidization was examined. In general, for a given wave frequency, a larger wave fluidized the bed at a faster rateand to a greater depth than a smaller one. Furthermore, increased bed consolidation timedecreased the rate of fluidization due to increased mud rigidity. The rate of bed fluidizationwas typically greater at the beginning of wave action and decreased with time. Eventuallythis rate approached zero, while in some cases the wave energy dissipation rate approached aconstant value, which increased with wave height. As the fluidization rate approached zero,there appeared to occur an equilibrium value of the bed elevation, and hence a fluid mudthickness, for a given wave condition. During the fluidization process the bed apparentlylost its structural integrity by loss of the effective stress through a build-up of the excesspore water pressure. After wave action ceased, the bed structure exhibited recovery bydissipation of the excess pore water pressure.Further studies will be required in which the hydrodynamic model must be improved viaa more realistic description of mud rheology and relaxation of the shallow water assumption,and better pressure data must be obtained than in the present study. Nevertheless, thisinvestigation has been instructive in demonstrating relationships between the degree of mudfluidization, wave energy dissipation and bed consolidation time, and thus offers insight intoan important mechanism by which coastal and estuarine muds are eroded by wave action. (Document has125 pages.)
    Beschreibung: Thesis, M.S., Engineering
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Earth Sciences ; Muds ; Rheology ; Waves
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 55
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    University of Florida. Department of Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/494 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:01:30 | 494 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: In this final report on the investigation of the potentialities of improvedcoastal engineering management of Jupiter Inlet, Florida, three management-guidingissues were considered: better control of the erosion of the south beach, betternavigation access and safety, and better control (reduction) of sediment influx into theinlet channel and upstream points in the Loxahatchee River estuary. The first twoissues have been particularly outstanding, due to persistent concern for the inherentdeficiencies in the protocol for sand pumping and placement on the beach that tends toerode away rapidly, and the concern for conditions for navigation of vessels in theproximity of the inlet in open waters. With regard to the third issue, despite thereasonably successful ongoing program to pump sand out of the borrow areas within theinlet channel, other areas such as some of the marinas in the inlet area, as well as theregion of the Loxahatchee River west of the Florida East Coast Railroad bridge, havebeen experiencing slow but persistent sedimentation.Contingent upon a series of coastal and environmental engineering investigations,a range of engineering actions that could mitigate erosion, navigation and sedimentationproblems were considered. Based on the physical and ecological impacts that would becaused by these actions, two sets of action options that have net beneficial impacts dueto action implementation have been proposed. The first is a set of interdependentaction options that must be instituted inherently in a time-wise phased manner. Thesecond is a set of independent action options which can be instituted as and when desired. For determining the overall feasibility of any action option, it will benecessary to weigh the technical benefits against costs, which are provided. It shouldbe emphasized however that, considering the overwhelmingly observational nature ofcoastal science, the estimates of potential benefits are essentially and inherentlysubjective, and the costs very approximate, especially in cases where the desiredtechnology is in the "bench" stage. (Document has 231 pages)
    Beschreibung: This publication is being made available as part of the report series written by the faculty, staff, and students of the Coastal and Oceanographic Program of the Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering.
    Schlagwort(e): Management ; Oceanography ; Engineering ; Beach erosion ; Inlet management ; Jupiter Inlet ; Loxahatchee River ; Tidal entrances ; Florida
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    Materialart: monograph
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  • 56
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    University of Florida, Coastal and Oceanographic Engineering Department | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/543 | 3 | 2020-08-24 03:06:11 | 543 | Oceanographic Engineering Program, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-30
    Beschreibung: This thesis examines the historical shoreline response to inlet modifications and sealevel rise. Inlet modifications are considered to be the geographic stabilization and training(through the use of structures) of natural inlets and the creation and further modification ofartificial inlets. Shoreline response to natural and artificial processes must be understood inorder to predict the performance of the coastline. The tendency for creating and modifyinginlets increases as industry and population growth demands. Sea level rise is a natural processwhich cannot be controlled at this time. Current theoretical approaches to predictingshoreline response indicate that sea level rise and inlet modifications can cause substantialshoreline impact. Florida, with roughly a century of shoreline position and relative sea leveldata, provides a basis for examining past trends and comparing them with theory.The shoreline of Florida was found to be accreting with the greatest accretion alongthe east coast. Shoreline responses within the boundaries of the erosional influence of inletsdue to their creation and/or modification were examined for 19 inlets around the coast ofFlorida. The differences in the shoreline response before and after the initial modification ofeach inlet show the erosional strain that inlets apply on the nearby shoreline. The effect onshoreline response due to the human intervention (unnatural processes) of modifying inletswas isolated and examined. The shoreline response due to this "human intervention" was erosional, thereby showing the negative impact that modified inlets have on shorelines. Thisinduced erosion is responsible for the loss of roughly 21.6 million cubic yards of sand from theshoreline that is within the erosional influence of Florida's east coast inlets. Combining theshoreline changes due only to natural processes with sea level rise data allows for comparisonwith the commonly accepted Bruun Rule for shoreline response as a result of a changingsea level. This comparison and the effects of including a lag time between a rise in sea leveland a change in shoreline along the east coast of Florida during the last century show noagreement with the Bruun Rule and no correlation with a specific lag time. (153 pp.)
    Beschreibung: College of Engineering, M.S. Thesis
    Schlagwort(e): Oceanography ; Engineering ; Planning ; Sea level rise ; Inlets ; Florida
    Repository-Name: AquaDocs
    Materialart: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A morphological study was made to examine the friction and wear mechanisms of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene in air and water by means of transmission electron microscopy of a carbon replica film of a very thin layer of the polymer surface slid against a steel ball. Electron diffractions revealed that a molecular orientation with a typical fiber pattern was formed in the friction in air, while thin ribbon-like crystals with particular crystal orientations were formed in water in a way that the sliding took place on the crystallographic a - c plane, giving rise to a low friction coefficient of the polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Es wurde der relative Wirkungsgrad von fünf handelsüblichen Stabilisatoren bei Photooxidation und thermischer Alterung von Polypropylen (PP) anhand der Änderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Es wurden Polypropylenproben mit unterschiedlichem Anteil an Cyasorb UV-531 hergestellt (bezeichnet als PC0.5-31, PC1-31, PC1.5-31 und PC2-31). Der Einfluß der Photooxidation auf das thermische Verhalten ist mit Hilfe der Differentialscanningkalorimetrie und durch thermogravimetrische Analysen untersucht worden. 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenon (2 Gew.-%) war am wirksamsten, Polypropylen, gegen Verfärbung und Brüchigkeit zu stabilisieren. Bei einer Probe mit 1% Stabilisatorzusatz fanden sich nach 32 h Bestrahlung noch 81% des ursprünglichen Wertes der Streckgrenze gegenüber 18% bei unstabilisiertem PP.
    Notizen: The relative effectiveness of five commercially available stabilizers on the photooxidation and thermal ageing of polypropylene (PP) was investigated by following changes in mechanical properties. Samples of PP containing different percentages of Cyasorb UV-531 were prepared (designated as PC0.5-31, PC1-31, PC1.5-31, and PC2-31, respectively). The effect of photooxidation on thermal behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. 2-Hydroxy-4-n-octyloxy benzophenone (2% w/w) was most effective in stabilizing PP towards discolouration and brittleness. After 32 h irradiation, 81% retention in yield strength was observed in case of PC1-31 against 18% in case of PP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 59
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of the nature of the polyols used in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis on the structural transformations after ageing by UV irradiation has been studied. The investigations were performed on PUR prepared from polyester and polyether diol oligomers.The characterization of the samples before and after ageing in view of the structural changes, which influence the course of the photooxidative degradation and photocrosslinking as well as in view of changes of mechanical properties has been done. Comparative investigations were performed by spectroscopic and viscometric measurements.The results show pronounced heterogeneity of the degradative reactions, including the existence of crosslinking processes and producing thus very inhomogeneous polymeric material. The course and the intensity of photooxidative degradation of PUR differ together with changes of mechanical properties depending whether polyester or polyether polyol have been used. The processes of photooxidative degradation is less expressed in polyesterurethane then in polyurethane based on polyether, under the same conditions of experiments. Different structures of polyester diols caused the various ageing behaviour of PUR too.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 60
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: QUALIFICATION OF HALS COMPOUNDSA complex method of examination has been developed suitable for the qualification of light stabilizers; by this method, according to experience, the efficacy of HALS compounds can be extensively and expediently characterized.Several light stabilizers of the HALS-type were examined and qualified, used alone or together with a UV-absorber.It has been found that, when selecting the appropriate structure for a given polymer, the weatherability of polyolefine foils is effectively increase to six-eightfold; the increase is even tenfold when the stabilizer is combined with a benzophenone-type compound.As a utilization of these experiences, a contract with the industry, led to the production of an LDPE based agricultural foil with a life-time of several years.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 61
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Natural hail impact tests are scarcely available because hailstorms are limited to a small area and cannot be predicted regarding time, place and intensity. Therefore we relied on laboratory tests simulating natural hailstones by polyamide balls (5-50 mm dia.) whose final velocity could be varied according to meteorological data. So the influence of diameter (weight) and velocity of the artificial hailstones could be taken into consideration independently.The energy of damage or equivalent natural hailstone diameter were determined for 16 mm double skin sheet from PMMA as 0.2 J (14 mm dia.) for star shaped cracks and 2 J (26 mm dia.) for holes. These values do not significantly decrease after 10 years weathering. 10 mm double skin sheets from PC show an extremly high energy of damage of abt. 10 J (38 mm dia.) which decreases to a medium level of 2 J (26 mm dia.) after several years weathering. This decrease is remarkably reduced by weather resistant protective coating.As hailstorms consist to more than 80% of hailstones below 10 mm dia. (0.04 J) the mentioned sheet materials are quite hail resistant also after long weathering periods, but they cannot withstand an extreme hail catastrophe as in Munich July 12, 1984.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The influence of the specimen temperature on many ageing processes is well known. Two aspects is dealt with: -Measurements of the specimen temperature on several positions of a specimen in commercial weathering devices at different exposure conditions. Technical measures to achieve to uniform ageing at all positions of a planar and homogeneous specimen. Examples from practical use.-Changing specimen temperatures (+60°C to -20°C) during the course of accelerated weathering, i.e. a combination of conventional accelerated weathering with a temperature cycle test.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An Folien (Dicke 100 pm) aus isotaktischem Polypropylen mit verschiedenen Antioxidansgehalten (0,0% bis 0,1%) wird die thermooxidative Alterunq mit der isothermen Langzeit-Differential-Thermo-Analyse (ILDTA) bis zu Temperaturen weit unter dem Kristallitschmelzbereich verfolqt und die Messwerte mit Ergebnissen aus dem Zeitstand-Zugversuch korreliert. Dabei zeigt sich, daß aus Messunqen mit der ILDTA bereits vor Einsetzen der autokatalytischen Zersetzunq sreaktion Ruckschlüsse auf die thermische Vorqeschichte der Proben und Aussagen auf das rnit einem Abfall der mechanischen Eigenschaften verbundene Ende der thermo-oxidativen Stabilität des Polymeren getroffen werden können.Weiters bietet die ILDTA die Moglichkeit, durch den direkten Zusamenhang zwischen Oxidationszeit und Antioxidansögehalt die örtliche Stabilisatorverteilung in Platten und in Folien zu bestimmen und damit Diffusionsvorqange zu verfolgen.
    Notizen: Thermo-oxidative ageing processes were investigated in films (100 μm thick) made from isotactic polypropylene with different antioxidant concentrations between 0% and 0.1% using isothermal long-term differential thermal analysis (ILDTA). The end of the oven life of polypropylene coincided with the loss of mechanical properties which was confirmed by tensile tests at temperatures far below the crystallite melting range. Already prior to the beginning of autocatalytic decomposition, ILDTA experiments permits conclusions to be drawn on the thermal history of the specimens and statements made regarding the end of thermo-oxidative stability of the polymer, which is accompanied by a deterioration in the mechanical properties.In consequence of the correlation between oxidation time and antioxidant concentration the local antioxidant concentration in sheets or films can be measured by ILDTA. Thus, investigating the diffusion of an antioxidant in polypropylene using ILDTA is possible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Größenverteilungsfunktion von Dispersionen mit extrem breiter Verteilung (Durchmesserbereich 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) kann in der analytischen Ultrazentrifuge (AUC) nicht durch eine Standardmethode, z. B. durch Messung der Trübung τ bei einer einzigen Konzentration, bestimmt werden, weil sich die spezifische Trübung τ/c von sehr kleinen und sehr großen Teilchen zu stark unterscheidet. Um dieses Problem zu lösen, haben wir eine neue AUC-Technik, die sogenannte Coupling-PSD-Technik entwickelt. Dabei werden zwei unterschiedliche Konzentrationen derselben Dispersion gleichzeitig in einem einzigen AUC-Lauf vermessen und zwei korrespondierende Lichtintensitiit-Zeit-Kurven aufgezeichnet. Bei einer niedrigen Standardkonzentration cs werden hauptsachlich die größeren Teilchen erfaßt während bei einer 5 bis 30 mal heheren Konzentration ch vor allem die kleineren Teilchen registriert werden. Die beiden I(t)-Kurven werden mathematisch verkniipft und unter Verwendung des Stokeschen Gesetzes und der Streutheorie von Mie für homogene isotrope Kugeln in die gesuchte breite Verteilungsfunktion umgerechnet. Wir benutzen eine mit einem 8-Zellen-Rotor und einem Multiplexer ausgestattete AUC. Da sehr groBe und sehr kleine Teilchen gleichzeitig in einem einzigen Zentrifugenlauf bestimmt werden, kennen wir nicht mehr wie zuvor eine konstante Rotorgeschwindigkeit N anwenden, sondern miissen diese mit Hilfe eines Geschwindigkeitsprogramms N(t) innerhalb einer Stunde von 0 auf 40000 U/min erhehen.
    Notizen: The particle size distribution (PSD) of extremely broad distributed dispersions (diameter range 20 〈 D 〈 2000 nm) is not possible to be measured by analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) using the standard technique, i.e. measuring turbidity τ at a single concentration c, because the specific turbidity τ/c varies too much between very small and very large particles. To solve this problem we have developed a new AUC technique, the so-called Coupling-PSD-Technique. Here two different concentrations of the same dispersion are measured simultaneously by one single AUC run with two corresponding curves of light intensity I vs. time t being registered. At a low standard concentration cs, mainly the larger particles are detected, while at a concentration ch 5 to 30 times higher mainly the smaller particles are registered. Both I(t)-curves are coupled mathematically and transformed into the requested broad distribution curve employing Stokes' law and Mie's light scattering theory for homogeneous isotropic spheres.We use an AUC together with an 8-cells-rotor and a multiplexer. Because very large and very small particles are to be measured simultaneously in one single run, we can no more apply a constant rotor speed N as before, but by means of a time program N(t) we always have to increase the rotor speed from 0 to 40000 rpm within one hour.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 135-148 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die chemische Modifizierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) durch ein Amin verleiht dem Polymeren höhere Reaktivität gegenüber der Pfropfcopolymerisation mit einem Vinylmonomeren. Die Pfropfcopolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat auf mit n-Butylamin modifiziertes PVC wurde thermisch mit Benzoylperoxid (Bz2O2) als Initiator oder photoaktiviert mit Benzophenon (BP) als Photosensibilisator gestartet. Das aus bestimmten Experimenten erhaltene rohe Polymerprodukt wurde durch fraktionierte Fällung in die verschiedenen Bestandteile wie Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA, Homopolymeres), PVC-g-PMMA (Pfropfcopolymeres) und unverändertes (aminiertes) PVC aufgespalten. Die getrennten Fraktionen wurden mit Hilfe der IR-Spektroskopie und der Thermogravimetrie charakterisiert. Der Mechanismus der Pfropfcopolymerisation von den beiden verschiedenen Systemen wurde erörtert. In beiden Fällen wurden Pfropfausbeuten um 30 - 70%* und Pfropfcopolymerzusammensetzungen, PMMA/PVC (w/w) zwischen 2 und 3 erhalten.
    Notizen: Chemical modification of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, by an amine renders the polymer more reactive towards graft copolymerization with a vinyl monomer. The graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on PVC modified by treatment with n-butylamine (n-BA) was started thermally at 30° using benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2) as initiator and under photoactivation at 40° using benzophenone (BP) as photo sensitizer. The gross polymer products from selected experiments were fractionally separated into the constituent polymeric entities viz., poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA (homopolymer), PVC-g-PMMA (graft copolymer), and unreacted (aminated) PVC following a method of fractional precipitation. The separated fractions were characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The mechanisms of graft copolymerization for the two different systems have been discussed. In each case, grafting efficiencies of the order of 30-70% and graft copolymers having compositions given as PMMA/PVC (w/w) equal to 2-3 were readily obtained.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 162 (1988), S. 193-201 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Eine Reihe oberflächensulfonierter, makroporöser Styrol-Divinylbenzol-Copolymerer mit unterschiedlichen Gehalten an SO3H-Gruppen wurden hergestellt. Sowohl von diesen Copolymeren als auch vom nichtsulfonierten Copolymeren wurden Porenstruktur, Oberflächenhydrophilie und -polarität sowie das Sorptionsverhalten gegenüber einigen in Blut vorkommenden Substanzen bestimmt. Der Sorptionsgrad wird umso kleiner, je größer die Oberflächenpolarität ist. Die teilsulfonierten Polymeren könnten eine Anwendung in der Hämoperfusion finden.
    Notizen: A series of surface sulphonated macroporous styrene-divinylbenzene (S-DVB) copolymers containing various amounts of  - SO3H groups was obtained. Porous structure, surface hydrophilicity and polarity, and sorption properties of these copolymers as well as those of starting S-DVB resin towards some substances which are present in blood were determined. The sorption degree becomes the smaller the higher is the surface polarity. The partially sulphonated copolymers may find an application in hemoperfusion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Der Einfluß einer chemischen Behandlung von dünnen Filmen einer Composit-Membran aus sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxid wurde untersucht. Über den Einfluß der Konzentration von wáßrigen Lösungen von Formaldehyd, Schwefelsäure, Salzsäure, Phosporsäure, Natriumhydroxid sowie der Behandlungsdauer auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der Composit-Membranen mit einer Ionenaus-tauschkapazität von 2,14 und 2,50 meq/g in verschiedenen Kombinationen wird ausführlich berichtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß unter den besten chemischen Behandlungsbedingungen eine Erhöhung der Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose der sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon-Composit-Membran erreicht wird.
    Notizen: The effect of chemical treatment on the reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristics of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) thin film composite membranes was investigated. The effects of the concentrations of aqueous solutions of formaldehyde, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and treatment time on the RO separation characteristics of the composite membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.14 and 2.50 meq/g in various combinations are reported in detail. The results indicate some enhancement in RO separation characteristics of the SPPO/polysulfone (PS) composite membrane under the best conditions of the chemical treatment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Bei der Herstellung dünner Filme von sulfonierten Polyphenylenoxid/Polysulfon (SPPO/PS)-Composit-Membranen wurde untersucht, daß ein Zusatz von Nitromethan zu einer Lösung von sulfoniertem Polyphenylenoxidnatrium erhöhte Wirkung auf die Trenncharakteristik der inversen Osmose besitzt. Der Einfluß von gamma-Strahlung auf dünne Filme der Composit-Membran unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen wurde ebenfalls untersucht. Um die maximal mögliche Verbesserung zu erreichen, wurden die Composit-Membranen einer kombinierten chemischen und Gammastrahlen-Behandlung unter nassen und trockenen Bedingungen unterworfen.Die experimentellen Ergebnisse dieser kombinierten Behandlung zeigen, dalß die SPPO/PS Composit-Membran dabei abgebaut wird.
    Notizen: The enhancement effect of the addition of nitromethane into the coating solution of sulfonated sodium poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPONa) polymer for the synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)/polysulfone (SPPO/PS) thin film composite membranes on reverse osmosis (RO) separation characteristic was studied. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the SPPO/PS thin film composite membranes was also evaluated when the membrane samples were in the wet and dry conditions. The composite membranes were also subjected to a chemical treatment combined with gamma-ray irradiation in both wet and dry conditions in the hope of obtaining the maximum possible enhancement under each treatment. However, the experimental data of this combined treatment indicated the possibility of some degradation of the SPPO/PS composite membranes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mischungen aus Poly(styrol-co-butadien)/Polybutadien, Naturkautschuk/Poly-(ethylen-co-propylen-co-dien und Naturkautschuk/Poly(butadien-co-acrylnitril)) wurden nach drei unterschiedlichen Verfahren compoundiert und Härtungsverhalten sowie Zugfestigkeit und Bruchdehnung der Vulkanisate wurden verglichen.
    Notizen: Compounding of styrene-butadiene copolymer/polybutadiene, natural rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer and natural rubber/butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer blends was done in three different ways and their curing behaviour and the tensile properties of the vulcanizates are compared.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Methylmethacrylat (MMA) wurde mit Hilfe von Cerammoniumnitrat als Initiator auf Stärke gepfropft. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden durch selektive Lösungsextraktion in einem Soxhlet-Extraktor isoliert. Der Einfluß von Reaktionszeit, Initiatorkonzentration, Temperatur sowie der Monomer- und Särekonzentration auf die Pfropfausbeute wurde untersucht. Eine erste Studie der Kinetik dieser Pfropfcopolymerisationsreaktion zeigt, daß sie dem üblichen kinetischen Verhalten einer Radikalpolymerisation folgt.
    Notizen: Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto starch using ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. The graft copolymers were isolated by selective solvent extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. The effects of reaction time, initiator concentration, temperature, monomer, and acid concentrations on the graft yields were investigated. A preliminary kinetic study of the graft copolymerisation reactions shows that they follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerisation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 47-61 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Durch Verwendung von Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz mit gepreßten Olivenkenen im Gewichtsverháltnis 20/80 wurden kleine zylindrische Formkörper durch Härtung hergestellt. Diese wurden pyrolysiert und einige Proben mit Wasserdampf aktiviert. Für diese Formkörper und für zwei kommerzielle Aktivkohlen für Laboratoriumsbzw. Industrie-Anwendungen wurden folgende Eigenschaften bestimmt: die spezifische Oberfláche, die Struktur, die Adsorptionseigenschaften sowie die Adsorptionskapazität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien durch Aktivierung höhere Werte für die untersuchten Eigenschaften ergeben als die nur pyrolysierten Proben und die zwei kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Adsorption des 4-Nitrophenols für alle untersuchten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien gemäß der Freundlich-Gleichung stattfindet. Die Raster-Elektronenmikroskopie zeigt, daß die hergestellten kohlenstoffhaltigen Materialien andere Porenarten aufweisen als die kommerziellen Aktivkohlen. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse werden durch die molekularen Dimensionen der zur Adsorption verwendeten Substanzen und den Polarisationseffekt der Substituenten am Benzolring erklärt.
    Notizen: Mixtures of phenol-formaldehyde-resin and pressed olive stones in a weight ratio of 20/80 were cured as small cylinders and then pyrolyzed. Some samples were also activated by steam. For these specimens and for two commercial activated carbons of laboratory or industrial uses the specific surface area, the structure, the adsorption properties, and the adsorption capacity were determined. The results indicate that the carbonaceous material produced by activation has greater values for the examined properties in comparison to the only pyrolyzed and the two commercial activated carbons, respectively. It was found that the Freundlich-equation is valid for the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol on all carbonaceous materials examined. The produced carbonaceous materials have different kinds of pores than the commercial activated carbons. The experimental results are explained with regard to the molecular dimensions of the adsorptive substances and the polarization effect of the substituents of the benzene ring.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 101-114 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Durch Anwendung der nichtlinearen Programmiermethode basierend auf der mittleren harmonischen Näherung wurden aus den Kontaktwinkeldaten die freie Dispersions- und polare, freie Oberflächenenergie, γSVd und γSVp, sowie die kritische, freie Oberflächenenergie, γc, von Polymeren bestimmt. Die Komponenten der freien Oberflächenergie der zu untersuchenden Flüssigkeiten, γLVd und γLVp, die die Bedingungen für den maximalen Wechselwirkungsparameter, Φ, wiedergeben, wurden ebenfalls mit Hilfe dieser Methode bestimmt.
    Notizen: The dispersion and polar surface free energy components, γSVd and γSVp, and the critical surface free energy, γc, of polymers were determined from contact angle data by the application of a nonlinear programming method using harmonic mean approximation.The surface free energy components of the probe liquids, γLVd and γLVp, which reflect the conditions of the maximized interaction parameter, Φ, were also simultaneously determined by this method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 153 (1987), S. 113-124 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Käufliche Weizenmehlstärke wurde unter Verwendung verschiedener Mengen Schwefelkohlenstoff und Acrylnitril xanthogeniert und cyanethyliert und dann zur Herstellung von modifizierten Stärke-Naturkautschuk-Masterbatches eingesetzt. Weiterhin wurden die Einflüsse untersucht, die die Gleichgewichte der Xanthogenierung und Cyanethylierung gegenseitig aufeinander ausüben. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis definierter Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Xanthogenatgruppe und dem freien Acrylnitril erklärt. Hierbei führen sowohl sterische Faktoren als auch die höhere Elektrophilie des Acrylnitrils zum Zerfall der Xanthogenatgruppe. Daher kann die Cyanethylierung nur noch in einem geringeren Ausmaß erfolgen.
    Notizen: Common wheat flour starch was subjected to xanthation followed by cyanoethylation at various levels of carbon disulfide and acrylonitrile to prepare modified starchnatural rubber masterbatches. Mutual influences of the extents of equilibrium xanthation and cyanoethylation on each other have been studied. The results have been explained on the basis of a definite interaction between xanthate group and free acrylonitrile in which both the steric factors and higher electrophilicity of acrylonitrile lead to the decomposition of xanthate groups and reduced the extent of cyanoethylation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Aus Polychloropren und Polyvinylchlorid wurden Blends in verschiedenen Zusammensetzungen hergestellt und ihre Eigenschaften bestimmt. Die Eigenschaften der Blends zeigen, daß sie Polychloropren in vielen Anwendungen ersetzen können.
    Notizen: Blends of polychloroprene rubber and plasticized polyvinylchloride have been prepared in various compositions and their properties evaluated. The properties of the blends show that they can be used to replace polychloroprene in many applications.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The present paper describes a rheo-optical apparatus consisting of an elongational rheometer (with rotary clamps) and a device to measure birefringence. This equipment was designed to perform homogeneous deformations on polymer melts in the simple elongational mode. Elongational experiments were performed on polyisobutylene samples at room temperature using different strain rates (from \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document} 0.01 s-1 to 1 s-1). In typical experiments homogeneous elongations up to λ ≈ 200 and stresses up to 2 · 106 Pa were achieved. The stress, the birefringence, and the deformation were obtained by measuring the force, the sample thickness, the optical retardation (the frequency of the sampling was 20 Hz) and the width of the sample (the frequency of the sampling was 3 Hz). It was found that the stress-optical coefficient was constant. The homogeneity of the deformations was carefully controlled because inhomogeneities cause serious errors in the measurements of elongational viscosity and birefringence.
    Notizen: Es wird über eine rheo-optische Apparatur zur Verstreckung von Polymerschmelzen mit rotierenden Klemmen berichtet, die mit einer Doppelbrechungs-Meßeinrichtung ausgerüstet ist. Mit dieser Einrichtung können einfache Dehnungen an Polymerschmelzen bis zu hohen Verstreckgraden unter homogenen Bedingungen durchgeführt werden. Während des Deformationsvorganges können die Spannung, die Doppelbrechung und die Probendicke mit einer Meßrate von 20 Hz, sowie die Probenbreite mit ca. 3 Hz erfaßt werden.Wir haben Messungen an Polyisobutylen bei Raumtemperatur mit verschiedenen Dehngeschwindigkeiten (0,01 s-1 〈 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\dot \varepsilon$\end{document} 〈 1 s-1) bis zu einem Verstreckgrad von λ ≈ 200 durchgeführt. Dabei wurden Spannungen bis zu 2 · 106 Pa erhalten. Das spannungsoptische Gesetz war bei homogener Versuchsführung stets erfüllt. Es wird gezeigt, daß ohne Kontrolle der Dehngeschwindigkeit und insbesondere bei inhomogener Dehung nicht nur Abweichungen vom spannungsoptischen Gesetz, sondern auch große Fehler bei der Spannungs- bzw. Viskositätsberechnung auftreten. Deshalb wurde großer Wert auf die Prüfung der Homogenität der Dehnung gelegt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 153 (1987), S. 187-195 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The miscibility of various polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polybutylmethacrylate (PBMA)/poly(methylmethacrylate-co-butylmethacrylate)systems has been studied. PMMA and PBMA are immiscible. Methacrylic homopolymers and copolymers are immiscible, too. A one-phase mixture from PMMA and PBMA is only accessible by copolymerization.
    Notizen: Die Mischbarkeit von verschiedenen Systemen aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Polybutylmethacrylat (PBMA) und Poly(methylmethacrylat-co-butylmethacrylat) (P(MMA-co-BMA)) wurde untersucht. PMMA und PBMA sind miteinander nicht mischbar. Die untersuchten Homopolymeren und entsprechende Methacrylatcopolymere bilden ebenfalls heterogene Systeme. Einphasige Mischungen aus PMMA und PBMA sind nur über Copolymerisation erreichbar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 169-193 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The condensation reaction of bisphenol A, melamine, and formaldehyde was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, IR-spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Because of the high reaction rates the condensation could be investigated only in the range of pH 6-10. At pH 6 and 7 the reaction of melamine with formaldehyde is dominating.With increasing pH-value the condensation of bisphenol A with formaldehyde is observed preferably. At pH 10 the condensation results in high molecular products. Cocondensation of melamine and bisphenol A through methylene bridges does not take place. But as a separation of the bisphenol A-formaldehyde condensates from the other condensation products was not possible, the three components may be connected through methylene-ether groups and/or intermolecular hydrogen bridges.
    Notizen: Die gemeinsame Kondensation von Bisphenol A, Melamin und Formaldehyd wurde mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromatographie, der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, IR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse untersucht. Wegen der hohen Kondensationsgeschwindigkeit verläuft die Reaktion in Gegenwart der drei Komponenten nur im Bereich von pH 6-10 kontrollierbar. Bei pH 6 und 7 überwigt die Kondensation zwischen Melamin und Formaldehyd. Mit steigendem pH-Wert tritt die Reaktion von Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd in den Vordergrund und führt bei pH 10 zu hochmolekularen Kondensationsprodukten.Auf direkte Cokondensation hinweisende Methylenverknüpfungen zwischen der phenolischen Komponente und Melamin konnten nicht nachgewiesen werden. Die Kondensationsprodukte des Melamins bzw. des Bisphenol A mit Formaldehyd lassen sich aber nicht mehr vollständig aus den Reaktionsgemischen der Vorkondensation abtrennen, was dafür spricht, daß die Komponenten über Methylenetherbrücken und/oder intermolekularen Wasserstoffbrücken miteinander verknüpft sind.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie wurde die Entwicklung der Oligomerenverteilung während der Polymerisation von 13C-angereichertem Ethylen mit dem löslichen Ziegler-Katalysatorsystem Cp2TiMeCl/AlMe2Cl verfolgt. Zuordnung und quantitative Auswertung aller Signale der verschiedenen wachsenden Ketten werden beschrieben. Die Geschwindigkeiten der Ethylen- und der Cp2 TiMeCl-Abnahme sowie die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit neuer Ketten konnten direkt aus den Spektren ermittelt werden. So läßt sich zum ersten Mal zeigen, daß die Konzentration der Ti-Propyl-und Ti-Pentylspezies in einen stationthen Zustand einlaufen. Dies ermbglicht, die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Ethyleninsertion in die Ti-Kohlenstoffbindung von Ti-Me, Ti-Pr und Ti-Pe zu ermitteln. Diese Ergebnisse fiihren zu einem detaillierten Ein-blick in den Ablauf der ersten Insertionsschritte und sind so eine Grundlage fur die mathematische Modellierung. Sie sind aufierdem ein weiterer unabhlngiger Beweis für die Giiltigkeit des dynamischen Modells des Mechanismus der Ethylenpolymerisation mit lbslichen Ziegler-Katalysatoren, nlmlich die Bildung der polymerisationsaktiven Spezies in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden sehr dynamischen Gleichgewichtsreaktionen.
    Notizen: The development of the oligomer distribution during the polymerization of 13C-enriched ethylene by the soluble Ziegler catalyst system Cp2 TiMeCl/AlMe2Cl was followed by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of the signals from the growing chains is described in full. It is shown that the rate of consumption of ethylene and Cp2 TiMeCl and the rate of formation of new chains can be monitored directly from the spectra. The concentrations of Ti-propyl and Ti-pentyl species during the polymerization were followed spectroscopically; both attain a steady state concentration. The relative rates were determined for the insertion of ethylene in the Ti-carbon bond of Ti-Me, Ti-Pr and Ti-Pe. These results give a detailed insight into the way that the oligomer distribution develops and provide a basis for its computer simulation. They also provide an independent proof that the dynamic model for the mechanism of ethylene polymerization with soluble Ziegler catalysts of the type Cp2 TiRCl/AlRnClm is correct.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 154 (1987), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Der Einfluß verschiedener Reaktionsbedingungen auf die Bromierung von ataktischem Poly(propylen) (APP) in Tetrachlorkohlenstofflösung wurde untersucht. Mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit steigt der Bromierungsgrad. Auch mit steigender Verdünnung der APP-Lösung nimmt die Bromierungsgeschwindigkeit zu, welche bezüglich der APP-Konzentration die Ordnung 0,66 hat. Dies wird erklärt durch die anfängliche Substitution eines Wasserstoffs am tertiären Kohlenstoffatom. Die folgende H-Abstraktion an den benachbaren sekundären und primären Kohlenstoffatomen ist erleichtert. Die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie wurde zu 11,9 kcal/mol bestimmt. Die Bromierungsgeschwindigkeit steigt bis zu einem APP : Br2-Molverhältnis von 1 : 1 an, darüber hinaus wird die Geschwindigkeit unabhängig vom Molverhältnis. Die Bromierung scheint folgendermaßen zu verlaufen: Nach anfänglicher Substitution eines tertiären H-Atoms durch freie Bromradikale werden nach und nach auchdie sekundäen und primären H-Atome durch weitergehende Substitution oder durch Addition nach einem Eliminierungsschritt ersetzt. Das IR-Spektrum bestätigt die Anwesenheit von Brom in den Proben.
    Notizen: Effects of various reaction conditions on bromination of atactic poly(propylene) (APP) in carbon tetrachloride solution were studied. It was found that with the increase of the reaction time the extent of bromination increases. Also with an increased dilution of APP the rate of bromination increased following a bromination order of 0.66 with respect to APP concentration. This has been ascribed to initial replacement of the hydrogen at the tertiary carbon atoms followed by enhanced ease of abstraction from the neighbouring secondary and primary carbon atoms. The apparent activation energy was found to be 11.9 kcal/mol. The rate of bromination increases with an increase of the APP: Br2 molar ratio up to 1 : 1, beyond which the rate becomes independent of this ratio. Mechanism of bromination appears to be an initial substitution of tertiary H-atoms by bromine radicals followed subsequently by replacement of secondary and primary H-atoms via either progressive substitution or elimination-addition. IR spectra confirm the presence of bromine in the samples.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 163 (1988), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Cyclodextrin membrane-modified electrodes as sensor materials have been prepared by dipping platinum electrodes in the water suspensions of an oriented cyclodextrin polymer, followed by drying the polymer layers on the electrodes. The polymer is obtained by the solid-liquid reaction between the crystal of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and hexamethylene diisocyanate in anisole. The thickness (2 - 80 μm) of the cyclodextrin membrane is satisfactorily controlled by changing the concentration of the water suspension of the polymer. The cyclodextrin membranemodified electrodes show a significant response to p-nitrophenolate in water which is highly in contrast with no measurable response to o- and m-nitrophenolates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In this part properties and efficiency of the developed model1,2 are discussed. A variation of the parameters shows that vigorous effects are caused by the effective aggregation. All calculations show that at low conversion there are little temporal steps between the sequential aggregation steps. In the range of 5% to 20% conversion the velocity of aggregation decreases and the aggregative stability agrees with experiences given in the literature. It is shown that the calculated results are in agreement with the experimental results and therefore the presented model is a suitable possibility to describe the formation of some PVC-morphology properties.
    Notizen: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Eigenschaften des früher1,2 entwickelten Modells untersucht und diskutiert. Die Variation der Modellparameter zeigt einen großen Einfluß der Aggregationsprozesse auf die Subkornmorphologie. Bei niedrigen Monomerumsätzen ist das Zeitintervall zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Aggregationsschritten sehr klein, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum die Geschwindigkeit der Aggregation der Unterstrukturen entscheidend ist. Im Bereich zwischen 5% und 20% Monomerumsatz sinkt die Aggregationsgeschwindigkeit sehr stark, so daß für das Teilchenwachstum zunehmend die Polymerisationsreaktion an Bedeutung gewinnt. Aggregative Stabilität wird nach dem Modell für einen Teilchengrößenbereich erhalten, der sich in Übereinstimmung mit experimentellen Daten aus der Fachliteratur befindet. Die berechneten Teilchengrößen entsprechen ebenfalls den in der Literatur publizierten experimentellen Werten, so daß das Modell eine gute Grundlage für die Beschreibung einiger morphologisch bestimmter Polymereigenschaften bildet.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 21-34 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Es wurden unidirektionale Verbundwerkstoffe aus Novolakharz mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern gemäß der Prepreg-Methode verarbeitet. Das Novolakharz wurde durch Polymerisation von Phenol mit Formaldehyd (Mol-Verhältnis 1 : 0,82) und Oxalsäure als Katalysator (1,5 Gew.-% von Phenol) hergestellt. Die Härtung des Novolakharzes wurde mit Hexamethylentetramin (Hexa) durchgeführt, während das geeignete Verhältnis durch die IR-Spektroskopie bestimmt wurde.Es wurden Proben aus Novolak/Hexa (Gew.-Verhältnis 14: 1), verstärkt mit kommerziellen Kohlenstoff-Fasern, unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (z. B. verschiedene thermische Programme und verschiedene Verhältnisse von Novolakharz : Kohlenstoff-Fasern) hergestellt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Proben (wie Biegefestigkeit, Zugfestigkeit, usw.) wurden bestimmt, und ihre Struktur wurde mit Hilfe der Elektronenmikroskopie untersucht.Mit zunehmendem Volumenverhältnis der Kohlenstoff-Fasern werden nicht nur alle mechanischen Eigenschaften des verstärkten Materials verbessert, sondern auch sein Nutzungsgrad nimmt zu, und die Herstellungsbedingungen üben einen größeren Einfluß aus. Die mit dem gleichen Verhältnis von Kohlenstoff-Fasern (z. B. 15 Vol.-%) hergestellten Proben weisen mit zunehmendem Härtungsgrad des Novolaks verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften auf. Der Häirtungsgrad des Novolaks während der Anfangsphase (Gel-Zeit) als auch während der Endphase (Nachhärtung) kann mit Hilfe der IR-Spektren des härtenden Novolaks verfolgt werden, während der Härtungsgrad der Zwischenphase nur indirekt aus den Werten der mechanischen Eigenschaften der entsprechenden Proben bestimmt werden kann.Aus der Korrelation zwischen den Herstellungsparametern und den mechanischen Eigenschaften der Proben ergeben sich optimale Bedingungen für die Verarbeitung in der Wärmepresse zur Herstellung von mit Kohlenstoff-Fasern verstärkten Novolakharzen (1. Phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, ohne Druck; 2. Phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN /cm2).
    Notizen: Unidirectional composite materials of novolac resin with carbon fibers were fabricated according to the prepreg method. Novolac resin was prepared by polymerization of phenol with formaldehyde (mole ratio 1 : 0.82) in the presence of oxalic acid as catalyst (1.5 wt.-% to phenol). The curing of novolac resin was performed with hexamethylenetetramine (hexa), while the appropriate proportion was determined by using the IR-spectroscopy.Specimens of novolac/hexa (weight ratio 14:1) reinforced with carbon fibers commercially available were fabricated under different conditions (e.g. different thermal programs and different proportions of novolac/carbon fibers). The mechanical properties of the fabricated specimens (like flexural strength, tensile strength, etc.) were determined and their structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy.By increasing the volume proportion of carbon fibers, not only all mechanical properties of the composite material were increased, but also their degree of utilization was increased and also the production conditions had greater influence. Concerning the specimens produced by the same proportion of carbon fibers (e.g. 15 vol.-%) their mechanical properties were improved by increasing the curing of novolac. The degree of curing of novolac during the initial phase (gel time) and during the ultimate phase (post-curing) can be followed with the aid of IR-spectra of the cured resin, while the degree of curing for the intermediate phase can be obtained only indirectly from the values of the mechanical properties of the corresponding specimens.From the correlation between the production parameters and the mechanical properties of the samples the optimal conditions for processing of the thermopress for the manufacture of carbon fiber reinforced novolac were concluded (1. phase: T1 = 125-145°C, t1 = 20 min - 1 h, without pressure; 2. phase: T2 = 180-195°C, t2 = 40 min, P2 ≃ 1,5 kN/cm2).
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In dieser Arbeit interessieren wir uns für den Einfluß von Konzentration und Temperatur auf den elektrischen Widerstand eines Butyl-Kautschuks (IIR), der mit zwei Typen von Ruß (Hoch-Abrasion-Schmelzofen-Ruß (HAF) und Schnell-Extrusion-Hochofen-Ruß (FEF)) versetzt ist. Ergebnis war, daß die Leitfähigkeit bei niedrigem Rußgehalt hauptsächlich durch thermische Aktivierung der Ladungsträger erreicht wird. Bei mittleren Konzentrationen überwiegt der Tunnel-Mechanismus bei niedriger Temperatur, gefolgt von der thermischen Aktivierung bei relativ hoher Temperatur. Dies gilt für beide Rußarten. Das metallartige Verhalten bei Gemischen mit hoher Rußkonzentration kann sowohl der thermischen Ausdehnung der Tunnelwege zwischen Kohlenstoff-Agglomeraten als auch dem Zusammenbruch der Kohlenstoff-Agglomerate bei steigender Temperatur zugeschrieben werden.
    Notizen: In this study we are interested in the effect of concentration and temperature on the electrical resistivity of butyl rubber (IIR) loaded with two types of carbon black, (namely, high abrasion furnace black (HAF), and fast extrusion furnace black (FEF)). It was found that the conductivity at low carbon black concentrations is mainly achieved by thermal activation of carriers. Tunneling mechanism at low termperature followed by thermal activation at relatively high temperature is found to be predominant for moderate concentrations for both carbon blacks. The metal-like behaviour which was observed in highly loaded compounds was attributed to both, the thermal expansion of the tunneling paths between carbon-carbon agglomerates and the breakdown of carbon agglomerates with temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 79-87 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese von Halogenderivaten des Phenylglycidylethers und die Möglichkeiten der Verwendung von diesen Komponenten als Flammverzögerer und reaktive Verdünnungsmittel für Epoxidharze.Mit Hilfe der Nelder-Mead-Simplexmethode wurden die besten Reaktionsbedingungen gefunden. Die so hergestellten Produkte zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Qualität aus und wurden mit einem niedermolekularen Epoxidharz gemischt und mit Diaminodiphenylmethan gehärtet.Die Viskosität von Harzgemischen und die Brennbarkeit der gehärteten Systeme wurden untersucht. Mit dem erhöhten Gehalt an Halogen (Chlor oder Brom) steigt die Viskosität, und die Brennbarkeit der Epoxide wird reduziert.
    Notizen: This study deals with the synthesis of halogenated derivatives of phenyl glycidyl ether and with possibilities of their use as flame retardants and reactive diluents of epoxy resin.The best reaction conditions optimized by Nelder-Mead simplex method were found. The products of very high quality were prepared. They were mixed with a lowmolecular epoxy resin and cured by diamino diphenyl methane.The viscosity of the resin mixtures and limiting oxygen index of cured systems were determined. It was found that a higher content of halogen, both chlorine and bromine, causes increasing viscosity and reduced flammability of the epoxides.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Durch Messungen von Tg, Tm und Tc (Trübungspunkt) wurden Phasendiagramme der vier verträglichen Polymermischungen von chlorierten isotaktischen Polypropylenen (Chlorgehalt 39,2 (CPP-40) und 49,8 Gew.-% (CPP-50)) mit Poly(ethylen-co-vinylacetat)en (Vinylacetatgehalt 40 (EVA-40) und 45 Gew.-% (EVA-45)) untersucht. Von den vier Mischungspaaren war die Mischung von CPP-50 mit EVA-40 am besten verträglich.
    Notizen: By measuring Tg, Tm and Tc (cloud point) phase diagrams for the four miscible blends of chlorinated isotactic polypropylenes (chlorine content 39.2 (CPP-40) and 49.8 wt.-% (CP-50)) with Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)s (vinyl acetate contents 40 (EVA-40) and 45 wt.-% (EVA-45)) were investigated. The blend of CPP-50 with EVA-40 was the most compatible of the four blend pairs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Synthese und Charakterisierung von Kationenaustauschmembranen aus PE-PS-DVB-Interpolymeren für die Elektrolyse von Borax-Lösung zur Erzeugung von Borsäure und Natronlauge wurden durchgeführt und mit den Eigenschaften von im Handel erhältlichen Membranen („Nafion 324“ und „Permaplex C-20“) verglichen.
    Notizen: The synthesis and the characterization of the PE-PS-DVB interpolymer cationexchange membranes in the electrolysis of borax solutions to produce boric acid and sodium hydroxide simultaneously was carried out. The characterization of the teflon based “Nafion 324” and polystyrene-DVB based “Permaplex C-20” membranes was also performed in the same system for comparison.The DVB contents were varied between 3 - 12% (by wt. in total monomers) and the increase of the cross-links resulted in the decrease of the water contents and ionexchange capacities of the membranes. The PE present in the membrane acted as a barrier for electroosmotic water transport. The membranes with high DVB contents showed better electrolysis performance due to their low water contents and low electroosmotic water transport properties. The use of the interpolymer membrane containing 11.6% DVB resulted in high current efficiency and high sodium cation dynamic transport number and worked satisfactorily at the process conditions of borax electrolysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 165 (1989), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Aus Rizinusöl und difunktionellen Säuren, wie Oxal-, Malon-, Bernstein-, Glutar-, Adipin-, Suberin- und Sebacinsäure, wurden Prepolyester hergestellt. Diese Prepolyester (PPE) wurden anschließend mit Methylmethacrylat und 1% Ethylenglykoldimethacrylat als Vernetzer interpenetriert. Die Polymerisation wurde radikalisch mit Benzoylperoxid gestartet. Die neuen PPE/Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-interpenetrierenden Netzwerke wurden als Pulver erhalten. Sie wurden durch ihr Löseverhalten, IR-Spektroskopie und ihr thermisches Verhalten charakterisiert.
    Notizen: Prepolyesters were obtained from castor oil and dibasic acids, viz oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic and sebacic acid. These prepolyesters (PPE) were subsequently interpenetrated with methyl methacrylate containing 1% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker by radical polymerization initiated with benzoyl peroxide. The novel PPE poly(methyl methacrylate) PPE/PMMA interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were obtained as powder. They were characterized by solubility behaviour, IR spectral study and thermal behaviour.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: 2,4-Ionen, ein polymeres quartäres Ammoniumsalz, wurde auf einem makroporösen chlormethylierten Poly(Styrol-co-Divinylbenzol)-Harz (XAD-2) immobilisiert. Der Ionen-Gehalt des Harzes, der durch CHN-Elementaranalyse bestimmt wurde, betrug 50,2 g/kg Harz. Der wichtigste Nebeneffekt des modifizierten Harzes, das Ausbluten des Katalysators 2,4-Ionen, kann durch eine spektrophotometrische Methode, die extrem geringe Konzentraionen an freiem Ionen an der Oberfläche des Harzes messen kann, ermittelt werden.Die Aktivität der immobilisierten 2,4-Ionen/Kobalt(II)-phthalocyanin-tetranatriumsulfonat-Komplexe in bezug auf die oxidative Kupplung von Thiolen ist viel niedriger als im homogenen Fall, aber noch beträchtlich höher als im polymerfreien System. Die beobachtete Abnahme der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit resultiert nicht aus Behinderungen des Massentransports, sondern vorzugsweise aus den Katalysatoreigenschaften wie z. B. einem sehr niedrigen N+/Co-VerhtUtnis. Die aktiven Zentren scheinen nur in der äußeren Hiille der Harzpartikel vorhanden zu sein.
    Notizen: A poly(quaternary ammonium) salt, 2,4-ionene, has been immobilized on a macroporous chloromethylated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin (XAD-2). The ionene content of the resin, determined by CHN elemental analysis, was 50.2 g/kg resin. The most important side effect of the modified resin, catalyst (2,4-ionene) bleeding, can be detected by a spectrophotometric method capable of determining extremely low concentrations of free ionene in the supernatant of the resin.The activity of these immobilized 2,4-ionene/cobalt(II)phthalocyanine-tetrasodiumsulfonate (CoTSPc) complexes towards the oxidative coupling of thiols is much lower than in the homogeneous case, but still considerably higher than for the polymer free system. The observed decrease in reaction rate does not originate from the considerable mass transfer resistances but predominantly from catalyst properties like a very low local N+/Co ratio. The active sites appear to be present in the outer shell of the resin particles only.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 163-181 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Röntgendiffraktometrische Untersuchungen und DSC-Messungen an Blend-Filmen, die aus Lösungen von PEEK und PES hergestellt wurden, zeigen eine Phasenseparation bei den Filmen, die bei 340°C hergestellt wurden. Das Kristallisationsverhalten von Filmen, die bei 340°C hergestellt, anschließend abgeschreckt und bei 180°C getempert wurden, ist identisch mit dem von PEEK. Filme, die bei 300°C hergestellt wurden, kristallisierten erst durch Tempern bei 250°C. Blockcopolymere, die aus Oligomeren von PEEK und PES erhalten wurden, unterscheiden sich in dieser Hinsicht von Blends der gleichen Zusammensetzung. Die Glastemperatur von Copolymeren mit einem PEEK-Gehalt von mehr als 50% liegt höher als die von PEEK selbst, während der Schmelzpunkt dieser Copolymeren niedriger als der von PEEK ist.
    Notizen: Polymer blends of PEEK with PES were prepared by the solution blending method. Copolymers composed of PEEK and PES components were synthesized from these oligomers. The formation conditions exerted an influence over the molecular aggregation and the crystallization behaviors of the blend films and block copolymers which were examined by X-ray diffractometry and DSC analysis. As a result, phase-separation in the blend films was found when the formation temperature was high. The blend films formed at 340°C, quenched and annealed at 180°C, exhibited the same crystallization behavior as those of PEEK. In the case of the blend films formed at 300°C, the annealing of the films at 250°C was required to crystallize the blend films. The Tg of a copolymer with a PEEK component content of more than 50% tends to shift toward a higher temperature than the Tg of PEEK itself, and the Tm of the copolymer toward a lower temperature than that of PEEK ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Im Zusammenhang mit dem Studium des Wirkungsmechanismus von industriell hergestellten Antidegradantien vom Typus der N-Phenyl-N′-sek-alkyl-1,Cphenylendiamine wurde die Reaktion von N-Phenyl-1,4-benzochinonimin (I) und 4-Hydroxydiphenylamin (II) mit dem Kohlenstoff-Radikal 1-Cyano-l-methylethyl (R·) studiert. Das Gemisch von I und II reagiert mit R· sehr leicht unter Bildung der Verbindungen III, VI und VIII. I allein reagiert wesentlich langsamer, und das Reaktionsgemisch enthält mehrere Produkte. Neben der Verbindung III wurden auch die Verbindungen IV und VII identifiziert. II allein reagiert bei denselben Bedingungen nicht. Die Verbindung IV bildet die zwei isomeren Strukturen syn und anti. Die Verbindung VIII ist ziemlich unbeständig; aus ihren Umwandlungsprodukten wurde XI isoliert. Bei der Reduktion von IV entsteht die Verbindung V, die ähnlich wie VIII unbeständig ist.
    Notizen: The reaction of N-phenyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine (I)Decoding of abbreviations see p. 103/104. and 4-hydroxydiphenylamine (II) with the carbon centred 1-cyano-1-methylethyl radical (R·) was studied in connection with an investigation of the action mechanism of industrial antidegradants, such as N-phenyl-N′-sec-alkyl-1,4-phenylenediamines. The mixture of I and II reacts very readily with R·, giving rise to III, VI, and VIII. I alone reacts much slowlier, and the reaction mixture contains more products. IV and VII were identified along with III. Under the conditions used, II alone does not react at all. IV exists in two isomeric forms, syn and anti. VIII is very labile; XI was isolated from its transformation products. Reduction of IV gives V, which is labile, similarly to VIII.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 123-137 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Samples of polyoxymethylene (unstabilized and stabilized with the antiozonants N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamin (IPPD) and bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)pentaerithritylacetal (Vulkazon AFS)) were ozonized under mechanical load in a special climate chamber. Surface damages were determined by IR-spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. During the ozonolysis a damaged layer is formed, the thickness of which increases with increasing time of ozonization. During this damaging reaction acetal groups are attacked and oligomers are formed.
    Notizen: Proben von unstabilisiertem und mit den Antiozonantien N-Isopropyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin (IPPD) und Bis-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyd)-pentaerithrityl-acetal (Vulkazon AFS) stabilisiertem Polyoxymethylen wurden unter mechanischer Belastung in einer Klimakammer ozonisiert. Die Schädigungen auf der Oberfläche wurden IR-spektroskopisch und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Während der Ozonisierung von POM bildet sich eine geschädigte Schicht, deren Dicke mit zunehmender Ozonisierungszeit wächst. Hierbei wird das Polymere an den Acetalbindungen angegriffen, wodurch Ketten gespalten werden und Oligomere entstehen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 105-121 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Mit Hilfe verschiedener Methoden wurde der Einfluß der Entfernung unterschiedlicher porenbildender Verdünner aus porösen Styrol-Ethylstyrol-Acrylnitril-Divinylbenzol-Copolymeren auf die Netzwerkstruktur untersucht. Der günstigste Weg, den ursprünglichen strukturellen Bau des porösen Netzwerkes zu bewahren, welches in Gegenwart von solvatisierenden Verdünnern erhalten wurde, ist das Entfernen des inerten Mediums mit Methanol. Wenn die Wasserdampfmethode angewendet wird, fin det der sog. Kollapseffekt statt, und die aus solchen Harzen hergestellten Anionenaustauscher adsorbieren weniger Farbstoff im Vergleich zu jenen, die aus Perlen hergestellt worden sind, die mit Methanol behandelt wurden; Grund hierfür ist die durch den Kollaps veränderte Porengröße. Es wurde ebenfalls festgestellt, daß die in Anwesenheit von solvatisierenden Verdünnern (Mischungen aus Quellungs- und Fällmitteln) hergestellten Copolymeren in Methanol sehr gut quellen, obwohl dieses ein Fällungsmittel für Polystyrol ist.
    Notizen: The influence of the removal of various diluents, pore forming agents from the porous styrene-ethylstyrene-acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene copolymers on the structure of the matrix was investigated by several methods. The most advantageous pathway to preserve the initial structural edifice of the porous networks performed in the presence of solvating diluents consisted in the removal of the inert media with methanol as it was noticed from the experimental data. If the steam treatment is applied, the collapse effect takes place and the anion exchangers prepared from such matrices exchange/adsorb less dye stuff by comparison with ones formed from beads treated with methanol, because the pore size was changed. It was also noticed that the porous copolymers performed in the presence of the solvating diluents (mixtures of solvatings and precipitants) swell very well in methanol though it is a precipitating medium for the polystyrenic macromolecular chains.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An Styrol-Zinkacrylat-Copolymeren wurde die Abhängigkeit der Glasübergangstemperatur von der Aufheizgeschwindigkeit und der Zusammensetzung mit Hilfe der Differential-Scanning-Calorimetrie untersucht. Die Thermogravimetrie wurde benutzt, um die Pyrolyse dieser Copolymeren an Luft bei drei verschiedenen Aufheizge-schwindigkeiten zu untersuchen. Die thermische Zersetzung von Ionomeren ist ein 3-Stufen-Prozeß. Die Reaktionsordnung und Aktivierungsenergie wurde für jede Stufe der Zersetzung bestimmt unter Verwendung eines Computerprogramms, das auf den Methoden von Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol und Ozawa basiert. Es zeigte sich, daß die thermische Stabilität durch die ionischen Gruppen abnimmt.
    Notizen: The dependence of glass temperature on the heating rate and the composition for styrene-zinc acrylate copolymers has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermogravimetry was used in order to examine these copolymers undergoing pyrolysis in an atmosphere of air at three different heating rates. Thermal decomposition of ionomers is a three-stage process. The orders and activation energies have been determined for each stage of decomposition using the computer programs based on the methods of Kissinger, Freeman-Carrol, and Ozawa. It was found that the heat stability is lowered by the ionic groups.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 151-162 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die Pfropfung der hydrophilen Monomeren N-Vinylpyrrolidon, 2-Hydroxyethyl-methacrylat und Acrylamid auf ungesättigte segmentierte Polyurethane in N,N-Dimethylformamid mit 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitril als Initiator wurde untersucht. Die Pfropfcopolymeren wurden von den Homopolymeren durch selektive Extraktion in Soxhlet-Apparaturen abgetrennt. Die kinetische Untersuchung der Pfropfcopolymerisation zeigte, daß die Reaktionen dem gewöhnlichen kinetischen Verhalten radikalischer Polymerisationen folgen. Die Abhängigkeiten der Pfropfungsgeschwindigkeit von der Initiator- und N-Vinylpyrrolidonkonzentration waren von 0,5 bzw. 1,0 Ordnung. Für 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat wurden sie zu jeweils 0,5 und 2,0 gefunden. Die Gesamtaktivierungsenergie der Pfropfcopolymerisation des 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylats und des N-Vinylpyrrolidons betragen jeweilig 21,81 und 16,28 kJ/mol.
    Notizen: Grafting of unsaturated segmented polyurethanes with some hydrophilic monomers such as N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and acrylamide in N,N-dimethylformamide have been studied using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. Graft copolymers were isolated from homopolymers by selected solvent extraction using a Soxhlet apparatus. A kinetic study of graft copolymerization reactions showed that the reactions follow the conventional kinetic behaviour of free radical polymerization. The dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and N-vinyl pyrrolidone concentrations were of 0.5 and 1.00 order, respectively. However, for the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, the dependencies of the grafting rate on initiator and monomer concentrations were found to be of 0.5 and 2.00 order, respectively. The overall activation energy for the graft copolymerization of the 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate and N-vinyl pyrrolidone were 21.81 kJ/mol and 16.28 kJ/mol, respectively.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Ultra fine particles were impregnated by using a finely porous cellulose gel membrane. The impregnated gel membrane is a green transparent one and looks like a solid solution. Highly dispersed Ni catalysts on carbon were obtained from thermal decomposition of these gel membranes. The particle size is in the range of several nm to a few ten nm. They show interesting catalytic properties for hydrogenation of olefins such as cyclooctadiene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The thermo-oxidation resistance and weatherability of LDPE and HDPE compositions, containing up to 45 wt.% calcium carbonate, are investigated. The thermo-oxidation resistance is investigated by dynamic DTA and natural ageing is carried out in an exposure station in a seaside climate. The change in strength and colour after ageing is determined. The behaviours of filled and unfilled polymers are compared. Empirical equations are given, describing the change in the investigated parameters during natural ageing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An Proben aus Polypropylen, die bei sehr unterschiedlichen Einstellungen von Spritzgußmaschinen und Extrudern hergestellt wurden, stellten sich deutliche Abhängigkeiten des Alterungsverhaltens von den thermischen und mechanischen Produktionsparametern ein, die nicht durch unterschiedliche Schmelzetemperaturen bedingt sind. Insbesondere kann ausgesagt werden, daß bei Spritzguß eine hähere Scherbelastung und damit stärkere Orientierungen -eine stärkere Veränderung der Eigenspannungen hervorrufen-einen früheren Glanzabfall und-eine geringere Initialzeit bis zur Rißbildung bewirken.Bei Extrusion fiihrt eine geringere Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und damit ein gröberes Gefüge zu -einer stärkeren Veränderung der Eigenspannungen-einem friiheren und ausgeprägteren Glanzverlust-sowie zu einem früheren Abfall der Reißdehnungen.Unbekannt ist, -ob diese Wirkungen auch bei anderen Thermoplasten als PP auftreten-ob sie auch bei stabilisierten Systemen in relativ gleichem Umfange auftreten-und ob es sich lohnt, die beobachteten Effekte ggf. durch ge zielte Maschineneinstellungen auszunutzen.Auf jeden Fall sollten auf diesem Gebiet weitere Arbeiten durchge-führt werden.
    Notizen: Specimens of unmodified polypropylene have been manufactured using extreme adjustings of injection moulding machines and extruders. After artificial weathering, distinct relations of ageing processes to thermal and mechanical production parameters were found, which are not influenced by different melting temperatures. It can be started in particular, that during injection moulding a larger shear stress (resulting in more distinct orientation) results in -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier gloss reduction-a shorter initial period before cracking.During extrusion a lower cooling rate (resulting in a coarser structure) leads to -a greater change in residual stresses-an earlier and more distinct gloss reduction-an earlier loss of ultimate strain.It remains unknown, whether -these relationships will be similar with other thermoplastic materials than PP-these relationships appear to the same relative extend with stabilized systems-it may be advantageous, to use the observed effects by adjusting the injection moulding and extrusion machines in a special way.It seems to be significant to do more research work in this field.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Poly(tetramethylenadipat)diol mit einer Molmasse von 2000 wurde bei Temperaturen von 60 und 80°C in Gegenwart von Wasser bzw. 1,4-Butandiol sowie den gebräuchlichsten PUR-Katalysatoren (Dabco und Dibutylzinndilaurat) gelagert und die Solvolyse untersucht. Die Geschwindigkeit der Solvolyse nimmt mit steigender Temperatur deutlich zu. Die Alkoholyse wird durch Dibutylzinndilaurat weitaus stärker katalysiert als durch 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan. Die Hydrolyse verläuft langsamer, da vermutlich die Katalysatoren bei diesem Prozeß desaktiviert werden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Polyurethanen, die mit den partiell abgebauten Diolen hergestellt wurden, korrelieren gut mit der Abnahme der Molmasse.
    Notizen: Poly(tetramethylene adipate)diol having a molar mass of 2000 was stored at temperatures of 60 and 80°C in the presence of water or 1,4-butanediol and a common PUR-catalyst like 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) or dibutyltindilaurate (DBTL) and the solvolysis was investigated. The rate of solvolysis is low at 60°C except for DBTL and shows a drastic increase at 80°C. In the alcoholysis reaction DBTL is a much more active catalyst than DABCO. The rate of hydrolysis is slower probably because the catalysts are deactivated by the acidic products formed in this process. The mechanical properties of polyurethanes made from the degraded polyols are in good correlation with the decrease in molar mass.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 160 (1988), S. 17-28 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Der Einfluß der Zugabe von Bis(allylphenyl) Typ (TM 120)-Monomeren auf die Eigenschaften von unidirektional mit Carbonfasern verstärkten 4,4′-Bismaleimidodiphenylmethan (BM) - 2,4-Tolylendiamin (A) (1:0,3 Molverhältnis) (BM-A)-Verbundkörpern wird vorgestellt. Das Aushärteverhalten sowie das thermische Verhalten in Luft wurde mit Hilfe der Differentialkalorimetrie (DSC) und der Thermogravimetrie (TGA) untersucht. Die thermische Stabilität nimmt mit ansteigenden Konzentrationen von TM 120 deutlich zu. Demgegenüber steht ein Anstieg der Biegefesigkeit, der interlaminaren Scherfestigkeit sowie der Schlagzähigkeit mit zunehmender Monomerkonzentration. Optimale mechanische Eigenschaften wurden bei etwa 20 Tle./100 Tle. TM 120 erreicht.
    Notizen: The paper deals with the effect of addition of bis(allylphenyl) type (TM 120) monomer on the properties of unidirectionally carbon fibre reinforced 4,4′ bismaleimidodi-phenyl methane (BM) - 2,4-tolylene diamine (A) (1:0.3 molar ratio) (BM-A) composites. The curing and thermal behaviour of the blends was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere. A marginal decrease in thermal stability was observed with increasing concentration of TM 120. Flexural, interlaminar, and impact strength of the laminates increased in the presence of this monomer. Optimum mechanical properties were observed at ∼ 20 phr of TM 120.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: In dieser Arbeit wurden Veränderungen des verschweisßten Rohr- und Fittingmaterials (isotaktisches Polypropylen Homo- bzw. Copolymer PP-R grau pigmentiert) wührend der für die Praxis relevanten Innendruckversuche untersucht.Bei der technischen Verschweißung von Polyolefinen entstehen charakteristische Gefüigezonen im Schweißnahtbereich, welche vom Fßgematerial und den Fngebedingungen beeinflußt werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden sowohl die Materialcbergange im Fiigebereich (mit den Methoden - schichtenweise Differentialkalorimetrie, Polarisations- bzw. Elektronenmikroskopie sowie Fluoreszenzspektroskopie mit extrem hoher Ortsauflösung) als auch die Eigenspannungen hinsichtlich ihrer Verlnderung bei Langzeitpriifung im Innendruckzeitstandversuch bei 95°C bis zu einer Prüfzeit von 18.100h untersucht.Die Abbauvorgänge der Makromoleküle bei der Langzeitprüfung der 364 untersuchten Schweißmuster werden in einer gesonderten Arbeit behandelt (1).Durch die Innendruckversuche bei 950 C findet eine Nachkristallisation und eine Gefügevergrijberung sowohl in der Schweißnaht als auch im Gefüge der Schweißpartner statt. Dabei werden die beim Schweißvorgang eingebrachten Orientierungen und Eigenspannungen unter dem Einfluß von Wärme beim Innendruckversuch weitgehend abgebaut. Durch die unter Druckeinwirkung einsetzenden Flieävorgange jedoch werden neue Eigenspannungen eingebracht.Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß bei guter Verschweißung von PP mit PPCO ein kontinuierlicher Übergang (Mischungsbereich) vom Homopolymeren zum Copolymeren auftritt, der auch beim Langzeiteinsatz im Innendruckversuch erhalten bleibt.
    Notizen: The present study deals with changes of welded material of pipes and fittings (isotactic polypropylene homo and copolymer PP-R grey pigmented) during the standardized internal pressure tests, which are commonly used for these products.Technical welding of polyolefines causes characteristic structures, which depend on the natural of the welded material and the welding conditions.In this investigation both the transition of material in the welding seam and the changes of internal stresses during internal pressure tests at 95°C until 18.100h test time were examined. The methods we used were Differential calorimetry of think layers, Polarization- and Electron microscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy with extreme high local resolution.The effects of decomposition of the macromolecules in the welded samples during the internal pressure tests will be described in a separate paper (1).The internal pressure tests at 95O C cause a recrystallization and an increase of the particle size in the structure of the welding seam and in the structure of the welded parts themselves. Under the above described testing conditions the orientations and internal stresses initiated by the welding procedure will relaxe influenced by heat. However the creep effects that occur in the material when exposed to pressure introduce new internal stresses. It could be shown that in perfectly welded parts a continuous transition from PP to PPCO occurs, which did not change after long time application of internal pressure tests.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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