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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (75.067)
  • PANGAEA  (64.277)
  • Nature Publishing Group
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-20
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-25
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-27
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 5
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-08
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 6
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-01
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: image/png
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  • 7
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-30
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 8
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Geoscience, Nature Publishing Group, 7(5), pp. 376-381, ISSN: 1752-0894
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-14
    Beschreibung: During the Middle Miocene climate transition about 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheet expanded to near-modern volume. Surprisingly, this ice sheet growth was accompanied by a warming in the surface waters of the Southern Ocean, whereas a slight deep-water temperature increase was delayed by more than 200 thousand years. Here we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to assess the relative effects of changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and ice sheet growth on regional and global temperatures. In the simulations, changes in the wind field associated with the growth of the ice sheet induce changes in ocean circulation, deep-water formation and sea-ice cover that result in sea surface warming and deep-water cooling in large swaths of the Atlantic and Indian ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean. We interpret these changes as the dominant ocean surface response to a 100-thousand-year phase of massive ice growth in Antarctica. A rise in global annual mean temperatures is also seen in response to increased Antarctic ice surface elevation. In contrast, the longer-term surface and deep-water temperature trends are dominated by changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. We therefore conclude that the climatic and oceanographic impacts of the Miocene expansion of the Antarctic ice sheet are governed by a complex interplay between wind field, ocean circulation and the sea-ice system.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-17
    Beschreibung: Thermokarst lakes formed across vast regions of Siberia and Alaska during the last deglaciation and are thought to be a net source of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide during the Holocene epoch1, 2, 3, 4. However, the same thermokarst lakes can also sequester carbon5, and it remains uncertain whether carbon uptake by thermokarst lakes can offset their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we use field observations of Siberian permafrost exposures, radiocarbon dating and spatial analyses to quantify Holocene carbon stocks and fluxes in lake sediments overlying thawed Pleistocene-aged permafrost. We find that carbon accumulation in deep thermokarst-lake sediments since the last deglaciation is about 1.6 times larger than the mass of Pleistocene-aged permafrost carbon released as greenhouse gases when the lakes first formed. Although methane and carbon dioxide emissions following thaw lead to immediate radiative warming, carbon uptake in peat-rich sediments occurs over millennial timescales. We assess thermokarst-lake carbon feedbacks to climate with an atmospheric perturbation model and find that thermokarst basins switched from a net radiative warming to a net cooling climate effect about 5,000 years ago. High rates of Holocene carbon accumulation in 20 lake sediments (47 ± 10 grams of carbon per square metre per year; mean ± standard error) were driven by thermokarst erosion and deposition of terrestrial organic matter, by nutrient release from thawing permafrost that stimulated lake productivity and by slow decomposition in cold, anoxic lake bottoms. When lakes eventually drained, permafrost formation rapidly sequestered sediment carbon. Our estimate of about 160 petagrams of Holocene organic carbon in deep lake basins of Siberia and Alaska increases the circumpolar peat carbon pool estimate for permafrost regions by over 50 per cent (ref. 6). The carbon in perennially frozen drained lake sediments may become vulnerable to mineralization as permafrost disappears7, 8, 9, potentially negating the climate stabilization provided by thermokarst lakes during the late Holocene.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: text/plain
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-31
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-16
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 13
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-08-10
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 15
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-05
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/x-netcdf
    Format: application/x-netcdf
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  • 16
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 17
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-01
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: image/png
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  • 18
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-23
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: image/tiff
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  • 19
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 20
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-07-04
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 21
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 22
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-15
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 23
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-13
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 24
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 512(7514), pp. 290-294, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-04
    Beschreibung: During glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, an abundance of proxy data demonstrates the existence of large and repeated millennial-scale warming episodes, known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events1. This ubiquitous feature of rapid glacial climate change can be extended back as far as 800,000 years before present (BP) in the ice core record2, and has drawn broad attention within the science and policy-making communities alike3. Many studies have been dedicated to investigating the underlying causes of these changes, but no coherent mechanism has yet been identified3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Here we show, by using a comprehensive fully coupled model16, that gradual changes in the height of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (NHISs) can alter the coupled atmosphere–ocean system and cause rapid glacial climate shifts closely resembling DO events. The simulated global climate responses—including abrupt warming in the North Atlantic, a northward shift of the tropical rainbelts, and Southern Hemisphere cooling related to the bipolar seesaw—are generally consistent with empirical evidence1, 3, 17. As a result of the coexistence of two glacial ocean circulation states at intermediate heights of the ice sheets, minor changes in the height of the NHISs and the amount of atmospheric CO2 can trigger the rapid climate transitions via a local positive atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice feedback in the North Atlantic. Our results, although based on a single model, thus provide a coherent concept for understanding the recorded millennial-scale variability and abrupt climate changes in the coupled atmosphere–ocean system, as well as their linkages to the volume of the intermediate ice sheets during glacials.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 25
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    Format: application/zip
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  • 26
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-24
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
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  • 27
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/zip
    Format: application/zip
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  • 28
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-25
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 29
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 30
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-08-28
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 31
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-07
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 32
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-13
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 33
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-10
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
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  • 34
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/zip
    Format: application/zip
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  • 35
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-07-18
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 36
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-29
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
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  • 37
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-30
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 38
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 39
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 40
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 41
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: text/plain
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  • 42
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: image/tiff
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  • 43
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 44
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 45
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-15
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-06-02
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.google-earth.kmz
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  • 47
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/x-netcdf
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  • 48
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
    Format: application/zip
    Format: application/zip
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  • 50
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-08
    Beschreibung: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years1. These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems2. They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering themvisible fromspace3.Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean4. Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate thatE. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 52
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 53
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 54
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 56
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-08-31
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 58
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    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
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  • 59
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 60
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-13
    Beschreibung: This appendix details all the technical protocols used at LIENSs Stable Isotope Facility (LIENSs SIF) for stable isotope analysis of various sample types. Sampling strategies and methodologies depend on research objectives, sampling sites and sampled organisms or materials. As such they are under the responsability of the researcher and are thus not described here. Besides sample preparation protocols, this appendix concerns also sample encapsulation and sample submission to our laboratory. This appendix is focused on C & N analyses. However, a large part of it can be applied to other isotopes or other matrices which specificities are (or will be) given in additional appendices.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-04-14
    Beschreibung: The Asian monsoon (AM) played an important role in the dynastic history of China, yet it remains unknown whether AM-mediated shifts in Chinese societies affect earth surface processes to the point of exceeding natural variability. Here, we present a dust storm intensity record dating back to the first unified dynasty of China (the Qin Dynasty, 221–207 B.C.E.). Marked increases in dust storm activity coincided with unified dynasties with large populations during strong AM periods. By contrast, reduced dust storm activity corresponded to decreased population sizes and periods of civil unrest, which was co-eval with a weakened AM. The strengthened AM may have facilitated the development of Chinese civilizations, destabilizing the topsoil and thereby increasing the dust storm frequency. Beginning at least 2000 years ago, human activities might have started to overtake natural climatic variability as the dominant controls of dust storm activity in eastern China.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 62
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 63
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-12
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-12
    Beschreibung: Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, supports a valuable commercial fishery in the Southwest Atlantic, which holds the highest krill densities and is warming rapidly. The krill catch is increasing, is concentrated in a small area, and has shifted seasonally from summer to autumn/winter. The fishery is managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, with the main goal of safeguarding the large populations of krill-dependent predators. Here we show that, because of the restricted distribution of successfully spawning krill and high inter-annual variability in their biomass, the risk of direct fishery impacts on the krill stock itself might be higher than previously thought. We show how management benefits could be achieved by incorporating uncertainty surrounding key aspects of krill ecology into management decisions, and how knowledge can be improved in these key areas. This improved information may be supplied, in part, by the fishery itself.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-03
    Beschreibung: The dominant feature of large-scale mass transfer in the modern ocean is the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). The geometry and vigour of this circulation influences global climate on various timescales. Palaeoceanographic evidence suggests that during glacial periods of the past 1.5 million years the AMOC had markedly different features from today; in the Atlantic basin, deep waters of Southern Ocean origin increased in volume while above them the core of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) shoaled. An absence of evidence on the origin of this phenomenon means that the sequence of events leading to global glacial conditions remains unclear. Here we present multi-proxy evidence showing that northward shifts in Antarctic iceberg melt in the Indian–Atlantic Southern Ocean (0–50°E) systematically preceded deep-water mass reorganizations by one to two thousand years during Pleistocene-era glaciations. With the aid of iceberg-trajectory model experiments, we demonstrate that such a shift in iceberg trajectories during glacial periods can result in a considerable redistribution of freshwater in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that this, in concert with increased sea-ice cover, enabled positive buoyancy anomalies to ‘escape’ into the upper limb of the AMOC, providing a teleconnection between surface Southern Ocean conditions and the formation of NADW. The magnitude and pacing of this mechanism evolved substantially across the mid-Pleistocene transition, and the coeval increase in magnitude of the ‘southern escape’ and deep circulation perturbations implicate this mechanism as a key feedback in the transition to the ‘100-kyr world’, in which glacial–interglacial cycles occur at roughly 100,000-year periods.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 66
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-09
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 67
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-11
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  • 68
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-09
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  • 69
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-27
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-08-24
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-08-05
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  • 72
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-01-03
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  • 73
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-11-06
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 74
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-12
    Beschreibung: Paper in Open Access related to EDP data sets
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 75
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-13
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-05-28
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-16
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 78
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-10-08
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 79
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-04-03
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 81
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    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-06-01
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Despite the advance in our understanding of the carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, semiarid ecosystems have been poorly investigated and little is known about their role in the global carbon balance. We used eddy covariance measurements to determine the exchange of CO2 between a semiarid steppe and the atmosphere over 3 years. The vegetation is a perennial grassland of Stipa tenacissima L. located in the SE of Spain. We examined diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations in the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) in relation to biophysical variables. Cumulative NECB was a net source of 65.7, 143.6 and 92.1 g C mˉ2 yrˉ1 for the 3 years studied, respectively. We separated the year into two distinctive periods: dry period and growing season. The ecosystem was a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere, particularly during the dry period when large CO2 positive fluxes of up to 15 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1 were observed in concomitance with large wind speeds. Over the growing season, the ecosystem was a slight sink or neutral with maximum rates of -2.3 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1. Rainfall events caused large fluxes of CO2 to the atmosphere and determined the length of the growing season. In this season, photosynthetic photon flux density controlled day-time NECB just below 1000 μmol mˉ2 sˉ1. The analyses of the diurnal and seasonal data and preliminary geological and gas-geochemical evaluations, including C isotopic analyses, suggest that the CO2 released was not only biogenic but most likely included a component of geothermal origin, presumably related to deep fluids occurring in the area. These results highlight the importance of considering geological carbon sources, as well as the need to carefully interpret the results of eddy covariance partitioning techniques when applied in geologically active areas potentially affected by CO2-rich geofluid circulation.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 539–554
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): alpha grass ; carbon sequestration ; ecosystem respiration ; eddy covariance ; geogas ; geothermal activity ; grasslands ; net ecosystem carbon balance ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 173-177
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present an improved evaluation of the current strain and stress fields in Southern Apennines (Italy) obtained through a careful analysis of geodetic, seismological and borehole data. In particular, our analysis provides an updated comparison between the accrued strain recorded by geodetic data, and the strain released by seismic activity in a region hit by destructive historical earthquakes. To this end, we have used 9 years of GPS observations (2001-2010) from a dense network of permanent stations, a dataset of 73 well constrained stress indicators (borehole breakouts and focal mechanisms of moderate to large earthquakes), and published estimations of the geological strain accommodated by active faults in the region. Although geodetic data are generally consistent with seismic and geologic information, previously unknown features of the current deformation in southern Italy emerge from this analysis. The newly obtained GPS velocity field supports the well-established notion of a dominant NE-SW-oriented extension concentrated in a ~50 km wide belt along the topographic relief of the Apennines, as outlined by the distribution of seismogenic normal faults. Geodetic deformation is, however, non uniform along the belt, with two patches of higher strain-rate and shear stress accumulation in the north (Matese Mountains) and in the south (Irpinia area). Low geodetic strain-rates are found in the Bradano basin and Apulia plateau to the east. Along the Ionian Sea margin of southern Italy, in southern Apulia and eastern Basilicata and Calabria, geodetic velocities indicate NW-SE extension which is consistent with active shallow-crustal gravitational motion documented by geological studies. In the west, along the Tyrrhenian margin of the Campania region, the tectonic geodetic field is disturbed by volcanic processes. Comparison between the magnitude of the geodetic and the seismic strain-rates (computed using a long historical seismicity catalogue) allow detecting areas of high correlation, particularly along the axis of the mountain chain, indicating that most of the geodetic strain is released by earthquakes. This relation does not hold for the instrumental seismic catalogue, as a consequence of the limited time span covered by instrumental data. In other areas (e.g. Murge plateau in central Apulia), where seismicity is very low or absent, the yet appreciable geodetic deformation might be accommodated in aseismic mode. Overall, the excellent match between the stress and the strain-rate directions in much of the Apennines indicates that both earthquakes and ground deformation patterns are driven by the same crustal forces.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 1270-1282
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Satellite geodesy ; Plate motions ; Neotectonics ; Europe ; Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Several volcanoes worldwide have shown changes in their stress state as a consequence of the deformation produced by the pressurization of a magmatic body. This study investigates seismic swarms occurring on the western flank of Mt. Etna in January 1997 - January 1998. Integrating seismic observations and geodetic data, we constrained the seismogenic fault system, and on the basis of stress tensor inversion and SHMAX analyses, we infer an inflating pressure source located at 5.5 km b.s.l. beneath the west portion of summit area. Evaluation of Coulomb failure stress (CFS) related to the proposed model, showed how a large part of the seismogenic fault underwent a significant CFS increase (500 kPa). We infer the presence of a sub-vertical faulted region, potentially weak, N50°E oriented beneath the western sector of Mt. Etna. This structure could be brought closer to failure thereby generating seismic swarms as the effect of elastic stress transfer induced by movement and/or overpressure of magmatic masses within the upper crust under the volcano.
    Beschreibung: This research was funded by the INGV–DPC 2007–2009 Agreement (Project V4_Flank).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 339-348
    Beschreibung: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Etna ; modelling ; Seismicity ; GPS monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Nature Publishing Group
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Studies of past sea-level markers are commonly used to unveil the tectonic history and seismic behavior of subduction zones. We present new evidence on vertical motions of the Hellenic subduction zone as resulting from a suite of Late Pleistocene - Holocene shorelines in western Crete (Greece). Shoreline ages obtained by AMS radiocarbon dating of seashells, together with the reappraisal of shoreline ages from previous works, testify a long-term uplift rate of 2.5-2.7 mm/y. This average value, however, includes periods in which the vertical motions vary significantly: 2.6-3.2 mm/y subsidence rate from 42 ka to 23 ka, followed by ~7.7 mm/y sustained uplift rate from 23 ka to present. The last ~5 ky shows a relatively slower uplift rate of 3.0-3.3 mm/y, yet slightly higher than the long-term average. A preliminary tectonic model attempts at explaining these up and down motions by across-strike partitioning of fault activity in the subduction zone.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 5677
    Beschreibung: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): coastal geomorphology ; tectonic rates ; paleoshorelines ; subduction ; Crete ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: An earthquake of Mw=6.3 struck L’Aquila town (central Italy) on April 6, 2009 rupturing an approximately 18 km long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on April 7 and 9, and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1 maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°-N140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent, and small surface displacement, of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of paleoearthquakes along faults in the area, puts the faulting associated with the L’Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude, and the regional seismic hazard.
    Beschreibung: In press
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): 2009 L’Aquila seismic sequence ; co-seismic surface effects ; earthquake geology ; normal faulting earthquake ; Abruzzi, central Apennines ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Methane soil flux measurements have been made in 38 sites at the geothermal system of Sousaki (Greece) with the closed chamber method. Fluxes range from –47.6 to 29,150 mg m-2 d-1 and the diffuse CH4 output of the system has been estimated at 19 t a-1. Contemporaneous CO2 flux measurements showed a moderate positive correlation between CO2 and CH4 fluxes. Comparison of the CO2/CH4 soil flux ratios with the CO2/CH4 ratio of the gases of the main gas manifestations provided evidence for methanotrophic activity within the soil. Laboratory CH4 consumption experiments confirmed the presence of methanotrophic microorganisms in soil samples collected at Sousaki. Consumption was generally in the range from –4.9 to –38.9 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1 but could sometimes reach extremely high values (–33,000 pmolCH4 h-1 g-1.). These results are consistent with recent studies on other geothermal systems that revealed the existence of thermoacidophilic bacteria exerting methanotrophic activity in hot, acid soils, thereby reducing methane emissions to the atmosphere.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 97–107
    Beschreibung: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Sousaki ; accumulation chamber ; soil degassing ; hydrothermal systems ; methane output ; methanotrophic activity ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: We present a new crustal model for the European plate, derived from collection and critical integration of information selected from the literature. The model covers the whole European plate from North Africa to the North Pole (20N - 90N) and from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Urals (40W - 70E). The chosen parameterization represents the crust in three layers (sediments, upper crust and lower crust), and describes the 3D geometry of the interfaces and seismologically-relevant parameters — isotropic P- and S-wave velocity, plus density — with a resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees on a geographical latitude-longitude grid. We selected global and local models, derived from geological assumptions, active seismic experiments, surface-wave studies, noise correlation, receiver functions. Model EPcrust presents significant advantages with respect to previous models: it covers the whole European plate; it is a complete and internally-consistent model (with all the parameters provided, also for the sedimentary layer); it is reproducible; it is easy to update in the future by adding new contributions; and it is available in a convenient digital format. EPcrust could be used to account for crustal structure in seismic wave propagation modeling at continental scale or to compute linearized crustal corrections in continental-scale seismic tomography, gravity studies, dynamic topography and other applications that require a reliable crustal structure. Because of its resolution, our model is not suited for local-scale studies, such as the computation of earthquake scenarios, where more detailed knowledge of the structure is required. We plan to update the model as new data will become available, and possibly improve its resolution for selected areas in the future.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 352-364
    Beschreibung: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Europe ; crust ; crustal properties ; Moho ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.01. Composition and state
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: The 2011 Tohoku-oki (Mw 9.1) earthquake is so far the best-observed megathrust rupture, which allowed the collection of unprecedented offshore data. The joint inversion of tsunami waveforms (DART buoys, bottom pressure sensors, coastal wave gauges, and GPS-buoys) and static geodetic data (onshore GPS, seafloor displacements obtained by a GPS/acoustic combination technique), allows us to retrieve the slip distribution on a non-planar fault. We show that the inclusion of near-source data is necessary to image the details of slip pattern (maximum slip ,48 m, up to ,35 m close to the Japan trench), which generated the large and shallow seafloor coseismic deformations and the devastating inundation of the Japanese coast. We investigate the relation between the spatial distribution of previously inferred interseismic coupling and coseismic slip and we highlight the importance of seafloor geodetic measurements to constrain the interseismic coupling, which is one of the key-elements for long-term earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 385
    Beschreibung: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Tohoku ; Subduction ; Tsunami ; Inverse problem ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Improving lava flow hazard assessment is one of the most important and challenging fields of volcanology, and has an immediate and practical impact on society. Here, we present a methodology for the quantitative assessment of lava flow hazards based on a combination of field data, numerical simulations and probability analyses. With the extensive data available on historic eruptions of Mt. Etna, going back over 2000 years, it has been possible to construct two hazard maps, one for flank and the other for summit eruptions, allowing a quantitative analysis of the most likely future courses of lava flows. The effective use of hazard maps of Etna may help in minimizing the damage from volcanic eruptions through correct land use in densely urbanized area with a population of almost one million people. Although this study was conducted on Mt. Etna, the approach used is designed to be applicable to other volcanic areas.
    Beschreibung: This work was developed within the framework of TecnoLab, the Laboratory for Technological Advance in Volcano Geophysics organized by INGV-CT, DIEES-UNICT, and DMI-UNICT.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3493
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Beschreibung: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico e sistemi informatici
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: restricted
    Schlagwort(e): Lava flow hazard ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: In recent decades, geophysical investigations have detected wide magma reservoirs beneath quiescent calderas. However, the discovery of partially melted horizons inside the crust is not sufficient to put constraints on capability of reservoirs to supply cataclysmic eruptions, which strictly depends on the chemical-physical properties of magmas (composition, viscosity, gas content etc.), and thus on their differentiation histories. In this study, by using geochemical, isotopic and textural records of rocks erupted from the high-risk Campi Flegrei caldera, we show that the alkaline magmas have evolved toward a critical state of explosive behaviour over a time span shorter than the repose time of most volcanic systems and that these magmas have risen rapidly toward the surface. Moreover, similar results on the depth and timescale of magma storage were previously obtained for the neighbouring Somma-Vesuvius volcano. This consistency suggests that there might be a unique long-lived magma pool beneath the whole Neapolitan area.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: article 712
    Beschreibung: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Beschreibung: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Beschreibung: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Beschreibung: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): magma ; campi flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-28
    Beschreibung: Efforts to collaboratively manage the risk of flooding are ultimately based on individuals learning about risks, the decision process, and the effectiveness of decisions made in prior situations. This article argues that much can be learned about a governance setting by explicitly evaluating the relationships through which influential individuals and their immediate contacts receive and send information to one another. We define these individuals as “brokers,” and the networks that emerge from their interactions as “learning spaces.” The aim of this article is to develop strategies to identify and evaluate the properties of a broker's learning space that are indicative of a collaborative flood risk management arrangement. The first part of this article introduces a set of indicators, and presents strategies to employ this list so as to systematically identify brokers, and compare their learning spaces. The second part outlines the lessons from an evaluation that explored cases in two distinct flood risk management settings in Germany. The results show differences in the observed brokers' learning spaces. The contacts and interactions of the broker in Baden‐Württemberg imply a collaborative setting. In contrast, learning space of the broker in North Rhine‐Westphalia lacks the same level of diversity and polycentricity.
    Beschreibung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: MWK Baden‐Württemberg
    Schlagwort(e): 333.91 ; brokerage ; collaborative water governance ; comanagement ; comparative analysis ; social networks
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-04
    Beschreibung: Most common machine learning (ML) algorithms usually work well on balanced training sets, that is, datasets in which all classes are approximately represented equally. Otherwise, the accuracy estimates may be unreliable and classes with only a few values are often misclassified or neglected. This is known as a class imbalance problem in machine learning and datasets that do not meet this criterion are referred to as imbalanced data. Most datasets of soil classes are, therefore, imbalanced data. One of our main objectives is to compare eight resampling strategies that have been developed to counteract the imbalanced data problem. We compared the performance of five of the most common ML algorithms with the resampling approaches. The highest increase in prediction accuracy was achieved with SMOTE (the synthetic minority oversampling technique). In comparison to the baseline prediction on the original dataset, we achieved an increase of about 10, 20 and 10% in the overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score, respectively. Regarding the ML approaches, random forest (RF) showed the best performance with an overall accuracy, kappa index and F‐score of 66, 60 and 57%, respectively. Moreover, the combination of RF and SMOTE improved the accuracy of the individual soil classes, compared to RF trained on the original dataset and allowed better prediction of soil classes with a low number of samples in the corresponding soil profile database, in our case for Chernozems. Our results show that balancing existing soil legacy data using synthetic sampling strategies can significantly improve the prediction accuracy in digital soil mapping (DSM). Highlights Spatial distribution of soil classes in Iran can be predicted using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The synthetic minority oversampling technique overcomes the drawback of imbalanced and highly biased soil legacy data. When combining a random forest model with synthetic sampling strategies the prediction accuracy of the soil model improves significantly. The resulting new soil map of Iran has a much higher spatial resolution compared to existing maps and displays new soil classes that have not yet been mapped in Iran.
    Beschreibung: Alexander von Humboldt‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156
    Beschreibung: German Research Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Beschreibung: Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
    Schlagwort(e): 631.4 ; covariates ; imbalanced data ; machine learning ; random forest ; soil legacy data
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-16
    Beschreibung: The application of biochar to agricultural soils to increase nutrient availability, crop production and carbon sequestration has gained increasing interest but data from field experiments on temperate, marginal soils are still under‐represented. In the current study, biochar, produced from organic residues (digestates) from a biogas plant, was applied with and without digestates at low (3.4 t ha−1) and intermediate (17.1 t ha−1) rates to two acidic and sandy soils in northern Germany that are used for corn (Zea mays L.) production. Soil nutrient availability, crop yields, microbial biomass and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from heterotrophic respiration were measured over two consecutive years. The effects of biochar application depended on the intrinsic properties of the two tested soils and the biochar application rates. Although the soils at the fallow site, with initially low nutrient concentrations, showed a significant increase in pH, soil nutrients and crop yield after low biochar application rates, a similar response was found at the cornfield site only after application of substantially larger amounts of biochar. The effect of a single dose of biochar at the beginning of the experiment diminished over time but was still detectable after 2 years. Whereas plant available nutrient concentrations increased after biochar application, the availability of potentially phytotoxic trace elements (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr) decreased significantly, and although slight increases in microbial biomass carbon and heterotrophic CO2 fluxes were observed after biochar application, they were mostly not significant. The results indicate that the application of relatively small amounts of biochar could have positive effects on plant available nutrients and crop yields of marginal arable soils and may decrease the need for mineral fertilizers while simultaneously increasing the sequestration of soil organic carbon. Highlights A low rate of biochar increased plant available nutrients and crop yield on marginal soils. Biochar application reduced the availability of potentially harmful trace elements. Heterotrophic respiration showed no clear response to biochar application. Biochar application may reduce fertilizer need and increase carbon sequestration on marginal soils.
    Beschreibung: German Academic Exchange Service http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001655
    Beschreibung: Institute Strategic Programme grants, “Soils to Nutrition”
    Schlagwort(e): 631.4 ; black carbon ; carbon sequestration ; corn ; digestate ; heterotrophic respiration ; marginal soils ; microbial biomass
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-27
    Beschreibung: Social inequalities lead to flood resilience inequalities across social groups, a topic that requires improved documentation and understanding. The objective of this paper is to attend to these differences by investigating self‐stated flood recovery across genders in Vietnam as a conceptual replication of earlier results from Germany. This study employs a regression‐based analysis of 1,010 respondents divided between a rural coastal and an urban community in Thua Thien‐Hue province. The results highlight an important set of recovery process‐related variables. The set of relevant variables is similar across genders in terms of inclusion and influence, and includes age, social capital, internal and external support after a flood, perceived severity of previous flood impacts, and the perception of stress‐resilience. However, women were affected more heavily by flooding in terms of longer recovery times, which should be accounted for in risk management. Overall, the studied variables perform similarly in Vietnam and Germany. This study, therefore, conceptually replicates previous results suggesting that women display slightly slower recovery levels as well as that psychological variables influence recovery rates more than adverse flood impacts. This provides an indication of the results' potentially robust nature due to the different socio‐environmental contexts in Germany and Vietnam.
    Schlagwort(e): 333.7 ; flood recovery ; resilience ; societal equity ; vulnerability
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-05
    Beschreibung: Nitrogen (N) fertilization is the major contributor to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil, especially in post‐harvest seasons. This study was carried out to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size. A microcosm experiment was conducted with soil planted with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and bare soil, each with four levels of N fertilizer (0, 5, 10 and 20 g N m−2; applied as calcium ammonium nitrate). The closed‐chamber approach was used to measure soil N2O fluxes. Real‐time PCR was used to estimate the biomass of bacteria and fungi and the abundance of genes involved in denitrification in soil. The results showed that the presence of ryegrass decreased the nitrate content in soil. Cumulative N2O emissions of soil with grass were lower than in bare soil at 5 and 10 g N m−2. Fertilization levels did not affect the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. Soil with grass showed greater abundances of bacteria and fungi, as well as microorganisms carrying narG, napA, nirK, nirS and nosZ clade I genes. It is concluded that ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions in soils with moderate or high NO3− concentrations. This highlights the importance of cover crops for the reduction of N2O emissions from soil, particularly following N fertilization. Future research should explore the full potential of ryegrass to reduce soil N2O emissions under field conditions as well as in different soils. Highlights This study was to investigate whether ryegrass serving as cover crop affects soil N2O emissions and denitrifier community size; Plant reduced soil N substrates on one side, but their root exudates stimulated denitrification on the other side; N2O emissions were lower in soil with grass than bare soil at medium fertilizer levels, and growing grass stimulated the proliferation of almost all the denitrifying bacteria except nosZ clade II; Ryegrass serving as a cover crop holds the potential to mitigate soil N2O emissions.
    Beschreibung: China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543
    Beschreibung: The National Science Project for University of Anhui Province
    Schlagwort(e): 551.9 ; 631.4 ; denitrification ; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ; soil bacteria ; soil CO2 emissions ; soil N2O emissions
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: An earthquake of Mw = 6.3 struck L Aquila town (central Italy) on 6 April 2009 rupturing an ~18-km-long SW-dipping normal fault. The aftershock area extended for a length of more than 35 km and included major aftershocks on 7 and 9 April and thousands of minor events. Surface faulting occurred along the SW-dipping Paganica fault with a continuous extent of ~2.5 km. Ruptures consist of open cracks and vertical dislocations or warps (0.1m maximum throw) with an orientation of N130°–140°. Small triggered slip and shaking effects also took place along nearby synthetic and antithetic normal faults. The observed limited extent and small surface displacement of the Paganica ruptures with respect to the height of the fault scarps and vertical throws of palaeo-earthquakes along faults in the area put the faulting associated with the L' Aquila earthquake in perspective with respect to the maximum expected magnitude and the regional seismic hazard.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 43-51
    Beschreibung: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): surface faulting from moderate earthquake ; coseismic effects ; L'Aquila earthquake ; cemtral Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3FIELAX Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    PANGAEA
    In:  EPIC3FIELAX Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH., Bremerhaven, PANGAEA
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-17
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: PANGAEA Documentation , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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