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  • 04.04. Geology  (14)
  • Hydrothermal systems  (4)
  • Geoethics
  • Elsevier  (20)
  • Elsevier Ltd and INQUA  (1)
  • Copernicus
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 2020-2022  (14)
  • 2015-2019  (7)
  • 1
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    Advancements in Understanding the Radon Signal in Volcanic Areas: A Laboratory Approach Based on Rock Physicochemical Changes (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-22
    Beschreibung: Radon monitoring represents an important investigation tool for environmental changes assessment and geochemical hazard surveillance. Despite anomalous radon emissions are commonly observed prior to earthquakes or volcanic eruptions, radon monitoring alone is not yet successful in correctly predicting these catastrophic events because contrasting radon signals are unexpectedly measured by lithologically distinct areas. This contribution aims to summarize and integrate natural and laboratory studies pertaining to the transport behavior of radon in different rock types experiencing variable stress and thermal regimes at subvolcanic conditions. The final purpose is to ignite novel and pioneer experimental researches exploring the causes and consequences of radon anomalous emissions, in order to elucidate in full the relationship between the physicochemical changes in substrate rocks and the radon signal.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 309-328
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Schlagwort(e): deformation experiments ; radon monitoring ; radon signal and rock physicochemical changes ; radon transport and geochemical anomalies ; thermal experiments ; volcanic surveillance ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Late Quaternary coastal uplift of southwestern Sicily, central Mediterranean sea (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Mapping and luminescence aging of raised marine terraces and aeolian ridges along an ∼90 km coastal stretch in southwestern Sicily provide the first quantitative assessment of vertical tectonic deformation in this region, which spans the frontal part of an active thrust belt. We recognized a staircase of eleven terraces and nine related aeolian ridges. The elevation profile of terraces parallel to the coast shows a 〉90 km long bell-shaped pattern, onto which shorter-wavelength (∼10 km long) undulations are superimposed. Luminescence ages from terraced beach deposits and aeolian sediments constrain the position of paleoshorelines formed during MIS 5e, 7a and 7c, with a maximum uplift rate of ∼0.75 mm/a, and indicate a late Middle-Late Pleistocene (80–400 ka) age for the sequence of terraces. The elevation of Lower Pleistocene morpho-depositional markers points that uplift may have occurred at similar rates at the beginning of the Early Pleistocene, but almost zeroed between ∼1.5 and 0.4 Ma before the recent renewal. The uneven elevation of Middle-Upper Pleistocene paleoshorelines observed moving along the coast documents that uplift embeds both a regional and a local component. The regional, symmetric bell-shaped uplift is related to involvement in the thrust belt of thicker crustal portions of the northern African continental margin. The short-wavelength undulations represent the local component and correspond to actively growing bedrock folds. The present study contributes to unravel the different spatial and temporal scales of deformation processes at a collisional margin.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106812
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Marine terraces ; Aeolian ridges ; Luminescence dating ; Pleistocene ; Frontal thrust belt ; Fold growth ; Southwestern Sicily ; Mediterranean sea ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 3
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    Spatial-temporal water column monitoring using multiple, low-cost GasPro-pCO2 sensors: implications for monitoring, modelling, and potential impact (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Monitoring of the water column in the vicinity of offshore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites is needed to ensure site integrity and to protect the surrounding marine ecosystem. In this regard, the use of continuous, autonomous systems is considered greatly advantageous due to the costs and limitations of periodic, ship-based sampling campaigns. While various geochemical monitoring tools have been developed their elevated costs and complexities mean that typically only one unit can be deployed at a time, yielding single point temporal data but no spatial data. To address this the authors have developed low-cost pCO2 sensors (GasPro-pCO2) that are small, robust, stable, and which have a low power consumption, characteristics which allow for the deployment of numerous units to monitor the spatial-temporal distribution of pCO2, temperature, and water pressure in surface water environments. The present article details the results of three field deployments at the natural, CO2-leaking site near Panarea, Island. While the first consisted of 6 probes placed on the sea floor for a 2.5 month period, the other two involved the deployment of 20 GasPro units along a transect through the water column in the vicinity of active CO2 seeps over 2 – 4 days. Results show both transport and mixing processes and highlight the dynamic nature of the leakage-induced marine geochemical anomalies. Implications for monitoring programs as well as potential impacts are discussed.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3840 – 3847
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): spatial-temporal monitoring ; pCO2 ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 4
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    On-going and Future Research at the Sulcis Site in Sardinia, Italy – Characterization and Experimentation at a Possible Future CCS Pilot (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: National Italian funding has recently been allocated for the construction of a 350 MWe coal-fired power plant / CCS demonstration plant in the Sulcis area of SW Sardinia, Italy. In addition, the recently approved EC-funded ENOS project (ENabling Onshore CO2 Storage in Europe) will use the Sulcis site as one of its main field research laboratories. Site characterization is already ongoing, and work has begun to design gas injection experiments at 100-200 m depth in a fault. This article gives an overview of results to date and plans for the future from the Sapienza University of Rome research group.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 2742 – 2747
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): gas injection experiment ; monitoring baseline ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 5
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    Continuous Monitoring of Natural CO2 Emissions Near Rome – Lessons for Low-level CO2 Leakage Detection (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Continuous monitoring has been carried out at a fluvial flood-plain site near Rome for over a year. There is a mix of biogenic CO2 and deep geogenic CO2 at the site at relatively low concentrations and fluxes compared with other natural CO2 seepage sites studied previously. Factors such as temperature and soil moisture clearly affect the CO2 concentration and flux and seasonal and diurnal influences are apparent. Statistical approaches are being used to try to define these relationships and separate out the two gas components, which would be necessary in any quantification of leakage from CO2 storage.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3824 – 3831
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Continuous monitoring ; natural co2 release ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 6
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    Preliminary results of geological characterization and geochemical monitoring of Sulcis Basin (Sardinia), as a potential CCS site (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: The Sulcis Basin is an area situated in SW Sardinia (Italy) and is a potential site for the development of CCS in Italy. This paper illustrates the preliminary results of geological characterization of fractured carbonate reservoir (Miliolitico Fm.) and the sealing sequence, composed by clay, marl, and volcanic rocks, with a total thickness of more than 900 m. To characterize the reservoir-caprock system an extensive structural-geological survey at the outcrop was conducted. It was also performed a study of the geochemical monitoring, to define the baseline conditions, measuring CO2 concentrations and flux in the study site.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 549–555
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): CCS ; geochemical monitoring ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 7
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    Geological model of the central Periadriatic basin (Apennines, Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: 3D geological models from multi-source data (cross-sections, geological maps, borehole logs and outcrops) are a critical tool to improve the interpretation of the spatial organization of subsurface structures that are not directly accessible. In this paper, we reconstruct the main geological structures and surfaces in three dimensions through the interpolation of closely and regularly spaced 2D seismic sections, constrained by wells data and surface geology. The methodology was applied in the Marche–Abruzzi sector of the Periadriatic basin, where the more external part of the Apennines fold-and-thrust belt is mostly buried under a syn- and post-orogenic, Plio–Pleistocene, siliciclastic sequence. The 3D model allowed us to correlate the main thrust fronts and related anticlines along strike, revealing a general ramp – flat – ramp trajectory characterizing the main structural trends. This geometric organization influences the sequence of thrust-system propagation and characterizes the evolution of syntectonic basins. The obtained 3D model points out several variation occurring along strike: i) main trends geometric relationships; ii) deformation chronology and iii) displacement distribution. In the northern sector, higher displacement and structural elevation are reached out by the Nereto–Bellante structure, whereas in the southern sector the Villadegna–Costiera Structure is the prevalent. All structures show a diachronic thrusts activity along strike, younger toward the north.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107-121
    Beschreibung: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 3d modeling ; structural geology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 8
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    Preliminary Experiments and Modelling of the Fate of CO2 Bubbles in the Water Column Near Panarea Island (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-12
    Beschreibung: Although CO2 capture and storage in deep, offshore reservoirs is a proven technology, as illustrated by over 15 years of operation of the Sleipner site in the Norwegian North Sea, potential leakage from such sites into the overlying water column remains a concern for some stakeholders. Therefore, we are obliged to carefully assess our ability to predict and monitor the migration, fate, and potential ecosystem impact of any leaked CO2. The release of bubbles from the sea floor, their upward movement, and their dissolution into the surrounding water controls the initial boundary conditions, and thus an understanding of the behavior of CO2 bubbles is critical to address such issues related to monitoring and risk assessment. The present study describes results from an in situ experiment conducted in 12 m deep marine water near the extinct volcanic island of Panarea (Italy). Bubbles of a controlled size were created using natural CO2 released from the sea floor, and their evolution during ascent in the water column was monitored via both video and chemical measurements. The obtained results were modelled and a good fit was obtained, showing the potential of the model as a predictive tool. These preliminary results and an assessment of the difficulties encountered are examined and will be used to improve experimental design for the subsequent phase of this research.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 397–403
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): in situ bubble experiment ; CO2 ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Complexity of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault system (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) and effects on the Middle Aterno Quaternary basin arrangement (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-06-15
    Beschreibung: An Mw 6.1, devastating earthquake, on April 6, 2009, struck the Middle Aterno Valley (Abruzzi Apennines, Italy) due to the activation of a poorly known normal fault system. Structural analysis of the fault population and investigation of the relationships with the Quaternary continental deposits through integrated field and laboratory techniques were conducted in order to reconstruct the long-term, tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basin and hypothesize the size of the fault segment. A polyphasic evolution of the Middle Aterno Valley is characterized by a conjugate, ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking fault system, during the early stage of basin development, and by a dip-slip, NW-striking fault system in a later phase. The old conjugate fault system controlled the generation of the largest sedimentary traps in the area and is responsible for the horst and graben structures within the basin. During the Early Pleistocene the E-W and NS system reactivated with dip-slip kinematics. This gave rise to intra-basin bedrock highs and a significant syn-tectonic deposition, causing variable thickness and hiatuses of the continental infill. Subsequently, since the end of the Early Pleistocene, with the inception of the NW-striking fault system, several NW-strands linked into longer splays and their activity migrated toward a leading segment affecting the Paganica-San Demetrio basin: the Paganica-San Demetrio fault alignment. The findings from this work constrain and are consistent with the subsurface basin geometry inferred from previous geophysical investigations. Notably, two major elements of the ∼E-W and ∼NS-striking faults likely act as transfer to the nearby stepping active fault systems or form the boundaries, as geometric complexities, that limit the Paganica-San Demetrio fault segment overall length to 19 ± 3 km. The resulting size of the leading fault segment is coherent with the extent of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake causative fault. The positive match between the geologic long-term and coseismic images of the 2009 seismogenic fault highlights that the comprehensive reconstruction of the deformation history offers a unique contribution to the understanding faults seismic potential.
    Beschreibung: MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research) project “FIRB Abruzzo - High-resolution analyses for assessing the seismic hazard and risk of the areas affected by the 6 April 2009 earthquake”, ref. RBAP10ZC8K_005 and RBAP10ZC8K_007, and by Agreement INGV-DPC 2012–2021
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 30-66
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Quaternary geology ; L'Aquila earthquake ; structural geology ; Middle Aterno Valley ; neotectonics ; active fault ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Hydrothermal systems characterization of the Stromboli volcano using spatial and temporal changes of the seismic velocities (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-26
    Beschreibung: Geophysical and geochemical networks are routinely deployed on active volcanoes to observe and monitor unrest periods. However, changes of the physical parameters with time are related to either magma/fluid movement or variations occurring in the hydrothermal systems hosted in the volcanic edifice. Here we use four years of ambient seismic noise recorded at the Stromboli volcano to reconstruct its shallow structure using the ambient noise cross-correlation method. At the same time, we detect temporal variations of the seismic velocities associated with the volcanic activity. We correlated the most reliable variations both in space and in time with other seismic and geochemical information in order to identify lapses of time of general unrest. We also implemented a method to enhance their spatial visualization for the interpretation. We found that the spatial mapping of the seismic velocity temporal variations obtained processing the data at high frequency (1.5–2.5 Hz) match with the location of the main hydrothermal reservoirs of the volcano. This suggests that there is a relationship between volcanic activity and hydrothermal areas that can be detected and monitored for a better understanding of the volcanic phenomena
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 107177
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrothermal systems ; Stromboli volcano
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 11
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    Geosciences and the stewardship of our planet (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-24
    Beschreibung: The time for a first book on Geoethics has come. The faster, greedier pace of society and globalization demands it. The comfortable life of scholars in the ivory tower is coming to a rude awakening. People demand understandable information on geohazards, judges condemn scientist and engineers for lack of communication, indigenous people rise in anger accusing experts of misleading them, attempts to avoid transparency in developments still exist, the helplessness of technology to deal with nuclear waste becomes more evident everyday and nature exposes shortcuts in constructing critical facilities with her own awesome force.....
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: XXI-XXII
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Philosophy ; Geosciences ; Geoscientists ; Ethics ; Earth Sciences ; Sustainability ; Research Integrity ; Professional Ethics ; Geoscience communication ; Responsibility ; Stewardship ; Planet ; Earth ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 12
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    A Mediterranean perspective on 10Be, sedimentation and climate around the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary: les liaisons dangereuses? (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-25
    Beschreibung: The 10Be/9Be ratio is commonly employed as a tool for establishing the stratigraphic position of paleomagnetic excursions and reversals whenever the traditional paleomagnetic approach fails to provide conclusive results. In particular, it is held that 10Be production rates in the atmosphere depend on the strength of the Earth’s magnetic field, and the fallout and deposition of cosmogenic beryllium at the surface happen on a very short time scale. However, investigations performed on terrestrial and marine successions demonstrate that the 10Be record and the paleomagnetic signal are often asynchronous. Mechanisms that control the conveyance and deposition of cosmogenic 10Be to the seafloor are still ambiguous and poorly documented. Here, we discuss the dynamics of 10Be in a central Mediterranean marginal marine depositional scenario characterized by a pervasive terrigenous influx. Our data show that a very close correlation exists between 10Be concentrations and the local proxy of rainfall rates and regimes (pollen), indicating that a considerable 10Be transport from the mainland may occur in response to the remobilization of terrestrial reservoirs during periods of increased runoff. Superimposed is a dynamic oceanographic setting that further controls the preservation potential of 10Be at the bottom, in terms of changing water chemistry and/or composition of the sedimentary flux to the seafloor. Results of our investigation suggest that, in particular environmental and depositional settings, the interplay between climate, terrigenous yield and oceanography may jeopardize the sedimentary depiction of the meteoric 10Be contribution, thus challenging the use of 10Be for tracking the stratigraphic position of geomagnetic reversals.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106039
    Beschreibung: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): 10Be record, Matuyama-Brunhes, MIS 19, paleoclimatic proxies ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Methanotrophy in geothermal soils, an overlooked process: The example of Nisyros island (Greece) (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-13
    Beschreibung: A multidisciplinary field campaign was carried out at Nisyros Island (Greece). Hydrothermal gases were sampled and analysed, and CH4 and CO2 fluxes from the soils were measured with the accumulation chamber method. The sampling area (Lakki plain) covers an area of about 0.08 km2, and includes the main fumarolic areas of Kaminakia, Stefanos, Ramos, Lofos and Phlegeton. Flux values measured at 130 sites range from −3.4 to 1420 mg m−2 d−1 for CH4 and from 0.1 to 383 g m−2 d−1 for CO2. The fumarolic areas show very different CH4 degassing patterns, Kaminakia showing the highest CH4 output values (about 0.8 t a−1 from an area of about 30,000 m2) and Phlegeton the lowest (about 0.01 t a−1 from an area of about 2500 m2). The total output from the entire geothermal system of Nisyros should not exceed 2 t a−1. Previous indirect estimates of the CH4 output at Nisyros, based on soil CO2 output and CH4/CO2 ratios in fumarolic gases, were more than one order of magnitude higher. The present work further underscores the utmost importance of direct CH4 flux data because indirect methods totally disregard methanotrophic activity within the soil. Ten soil samples were collected for CH4 consumption experiments and for metagenomic analysis. Seven of the soil samples showed small but significant CH4 consumption (up to 39.7 ng g−1 h−1) and were positive for the methanotrophs-specific gene (pmoA) confirming microbial CH4 oxidation in the soil, notwithstanding the harsh environmental conditions (high temperature and H2S concentrations and low pH).
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 119546
    Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Methanotrophy ; Soil degassing ; Hydrothermal systems ; Methane output ; Greenhouse gases ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Deep CO2 emitted at Furnas do Enxofre geothermal area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago). An approach for determining CO2 sources and total emissions using carbon isotopic data (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-06-30
    Beschreibung: Quantification of the CO2 released by the volcanoes to the atmosphere is relevant for the evaluation of the balance between deep-derived, biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. The current study estimates the CO2 released from Furnas do Enxofre degassing area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago) by applying an approach that integrates the flux of CO2 fromthe soilwith the δ13C-CO2 values. A deep-derived CO2 output of 2.54 t d−1 is estimated for an area of ~23,715 m2. High biogenic-derived CO2 flux values (~45 g m−2 d−1) associated with light carbon isotopic content (δ13C=−28‰±1.1‰) are detected and explained by the type of vegetation that characterizes the study site. Carbon isotopic compositions of the CO2 (−6.4‰±1.2‰) measured in olivine-hosted fluid inclusions of the Terceira basalts are presented for the first time and contribute to defining the mantle-CO2 signature. Differences between these values and heavier carbon isotope values from gas in fumaroles at Furnas do Enxofre (−4.66‰to−4.27‰) are explained by the carbon isotopic fractionation occurring when CO2 reacts to form calcite in the geothermal reservoir at temperatures N180 °C. A clear correlation between the soil temperature and deep CO2 fluxes is observed and the integration of the diffuse degassing information with the composition of the fumarolic emissions allows estimating a thermal energy flux of 1.1 MW.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 106968
    Beschreibung: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Soil diffuse degassing ; CO2 fluxes ; Carbon isotopic composition ; Hydrothermal systems ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Geoethics: ethical challenges and case studies in Earth Science (2015)
    Elsevier
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    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: Key Features. Written by a global group of contributors with backgrounds ranging from philosopher to geo-practitioner, providing a balance of voices. Includes case studies, showing where experts have gone wrong and where key organizations have ignored facts, wanting assessments favorable to their agendas. Provides a much needed basis for discussion to guide scientists to consider their responsibilities and to improve communication with the public. Description. Edited by two experts in the area, Geoethics: Ethical Challenges and Case Studies in Earth Sciences addresses a range of topics surrounding the concept of ethics in geoscience, making it an important reference for any Earth scientist with a growing concern for sustainable development and social responsibility. This book will provide the reader with some obvious and some hidden information you need for understanding where experts have not served the public, what more could have been done to reach and serve the public and the ethical issues surrounding the Earth Sciences, from a global perspective. Table of contents. Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Philosophical reflections Section 3: The ethics of practice Section 4: Man made hazards Section 5: Natural hazards Section 6: Exploitation of resources Section 7: Low income and indigenous communities Section 8: Geoscience community
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 5T. Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post-terremoto
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: open
    Schlagwort(e): Geoethics ; Philosophy ; Natural hazards ; Man made hazards ; Georesources ; Low income countries ; Geoscience community ; Communication ; Geoeducation ; Natural risks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book
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  • 16
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    The Meaning of Geoethics (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2017-04-04
    Beschreibung: This chapter outlines a framework of the issues addressed by geoethics. Starting from an etymological analysis of the word “geoethics,” we identify the cultural basis on which to expand the debate on geoethics, while also proposing for consideration by the scientific community some questions that may guide the development of future research and practice in geosciences. We attempt to define some fundamental points that, in our opinion, will strengthen geoethics and help its development. The goal of geoethics is to suggest practical solutions and provide useful techniques, and also to promote cultural renewal in how humans perceive and relate to the planet, through greater attention to the protection of life and the richness of the Earth, in all its forms. As each science does, geoethics should also be able to present an image of the world, pointing out the manner in which it can be understood, investigated, designed, and experienced.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 3-14
    Beschreibung: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Beschreibung: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Beschreibung: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Beschreibung: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Beschreibung: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Beschreibung: reserved
    Schlagwort(e): Etymological analysis ; Geoethics ; Geoscientists oath ; Responsibility ; Society ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: book chapter
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  • 17
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    Dimension stone industry should meet the fundamental values of geoethics (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-19
    Beschreibung: The term “Dimension Stone” refers to natural stone that has been quarried, selected and processed into specific sizes or shapes, with or without one or more mechanically dressed or finished surfaces, for use as building facing, curbing, paving stone, monuments and memorials, and various industrial products. The dimension stone industry is currently increasing the volume of its activities: based on a prudent medium-term development forecast, the net product could reach one hundred million tons in 2020. For this reason, geoscientists and stakeholders need to reason about methods and technologies in the dimension stone sector and how to operate responsibly and sustainably in accordance with the following geoethical values. After a definition of geoethics and an overview of the dimension stone industry, the paper focuses on fundamental values of geoethics as stated in the Cape Town Statement on Geoethics. More precisely, geoethical values have been referred to real and practical cases of dimension stone subsectors, by presenting some examples recorded in Sardinia (Italy). This region has a long history of production of ornamental stones. Finally, tips and suggestions on how geoscientists (in particular geologists and mining engineers) can help the dimension stone sector in a geoethical way, i.e., responsibly and sustainably are herein offered.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 101468
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Georisorse
    Beschreibung: 7SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la società
    Beschreibung: 1TM. Formazione
    Beschreibung: 3TM. Comunicazione
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): geoethics ; dimension stone ; quarrying ; natural resources ; sustainability ; geoheritage ; geo-education ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 18
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    Searching for the 1912 Maymyo earthquake: New evidence from paleoseismic investigations along the Kyaukkyan Fault, Myanmar (2019)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-12
    Beschreibung: The Great Burma earthquake (MsGR 8.0; Ms 7.6–7.7) occurred on May 23rd, 1912, and was one of the most remarkable early 1900's seismic events in Asia as described by Gutenberg and Richter (1954). The earthquake, focused near Maymyo, struck the Northern Shan State in eastern Myanmar. Contemporary evaluation of damage distribution and oral accounts led to a correlation between the earthquake and the topographically prominent Kyaukkyan Fault near the western margin of the Shan Plateau, although direct evidence has never been reported. This study aims to find evidence of paleoseismic activity, and to better understand the relationship between the 1912 earthquake and the Kyaukkyan Fault. Paleoseismic trenching along the Kyaukkyan Fault revealed evidence of several surface rupturing events. The northernmost trench exposes at least two visible rupture events since 4660 ± 30 BP: an older rupture stratigraphically constrained by AMS 14C dating to between 4660 ± 30 BP and 1270 ± 30 BP, and a younger rupture formed after 1270 ± 30 BP. The presence of pottery, bricks and cookingrelated charcoal in the younger faulted stratigraphy demonstrates Kyaukkyan Fault activity within human times, and a possible correlation between the younger rupture and the 1912 Maymyo earthquake is not excluded. The southern paleoseismic trench, within a broad transtensional basin far from bounding faults, exposes two (undated) surface ruptures. Further study is required to correlate those ruptures to the events dated in the north. These preliminary paleoseismological results constitute the first quantitative evidence of paleoseismic activity along the northern ~160 km of the Kyaukkyan Fault, and support existing evidence that the Kyaukkyan Fault is an active but slow-slipping structure with a long interseismic period.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 75-86
    Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Paleoseismology ; active tectonics ; Myanmar ; 1912 earthquake ; strike-slip faulting ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 19
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    Tephrostratigraphy of paleoclimatic archives in central Mediterranean during the Bronze Age (2019)
    Elsevier Ltd and INQUA
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-05
    Beschreibung: Re-examination of central Mediterranean paleoclimate archives on tephra layers indicates that three widely dispersed tephra layers occurred during the Bronze Age, namely Agnano Mt Spina from Campi Flegrei (ca. 4.4 calka BP), Avellino from Somma-Vesuvius (ca. 3.9 cal ka BP), and FL from Etna (ca. 3.3 cal ka BP). Stratigraphical correlations of selected archives using these tephra layers indicate that some records have severe chronological biases, posing important limitations to the use of these archives for defining the paleoclimate conditions during the Bronze Age. Regardless of the temporal mismatches, the Agnano Mt Spina tephra layer seems to have occurred at the beginning of a centennial scale period of climatic deterioration, while the Avellino tephra layer, taking place during a wetter period, seems to mark the end of this event. The dry event bounded by the two tephra layers seems to be correlated with the so-called “4.2 event”. Instead, the FL tephra from Etna seems to herald a new climatic deterioration at ca. 3.3–3.2 cal ka BP. Although the general frame is still incomplete, these three tephra layers appear to play a fundamental role in synchronizing archives, and can lead to the definition of a detailed paleoclimatic framework of the Bronze Age in the central Mediterranean area
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 186-194
    Beschreibung: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Beschreibung: 2SR. VULCANI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Explosive eruptions ; Southern Italian volcanoes ; Tephrostratigraphy ; Bronze Age ; Palaeoclimate ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.04. Geology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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  • 20
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    Geochemical features of hydrothermal systems in Jujuy Province, Argentina: Hints for geothermal fluid exploration (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-21
    Beschreibung: Fluid primary source(s) and chemical-physical processes controlling water and gas chemistry of thermal springs from Eastern Cordillera, sub-Andean Ranges and Santa Bárbara (Jujuy Province, northern Argentina) were investigated to provide information for a preliminary evaluation of the geothermal potential in these areas. Thermal manifestations in Eastern Cordillera (Reyes) and part of those in the western sector of sub-Andean Range (Aguas Calientes) are fed by shallow aquifers, interacting with Quaternary- Neogene rocks and the upper portion of Pliocene-Miocene formations (Orán Group), whereas the meteoric water recharge area is located at〉2500 m a.s.l., corresponding to Chañi hill. Differently, El Jordán thermal spring in the sub-Andean Range is fed by a hydrothermal aquifer hosted within highly porous and fractured formations of the Salta Group (Yacoraite Formation) and recharged by meteoric water from Sierra de Calilegua (∼1500m a.s.l.). The latter is the recharge area of the La Quinta geothermal waters as well, but these have been fed at higher altitudes (〉 2500 m a.s.l.) in the range. The hydrothermal reservoir feeding the other thermal springs from the Santa Barbara system (Caimancito, El Palmar, and Siete Aguas) is recharged by meteoric water from Zapla Ranges and Santa Barbara Hill at〈2500m a.s.l. The high-TDS (〉 16,000 mg/L) Na+-Cl- La Quinta thermal springs are produced by interaction with the evaporite deposits of Salta Group, including halite, whereas the chemistry of El Palmar, El Jordán and Caimancito thermal springs, showing a Na+-SO4 2-(Cl−) composition, depends on mixing with shallower SO4 2--rich waters interacting with gypsum deposits of Anta Formation. Dissolved and bubbling gases from all the investigated provinces are related to CO2- and CH4-rich crustal fluids produced by both thermogenic processes occurring within the hydrothermal systems and microbial activity at relatively low depth, with low to negligible mantle contribution, as indicated by the 3He/4He values ≤ 0.21 Ra. The fluid reservoir feeding the Quinta thermal springs shows the highest estimated temperatures (〉 200 °C), which, considering the depth of Salta Group in the Santa Barbara system (~2000 m), support the idea, suggested by previous authors, of an anomalous geothermal gradient for this area, a promising pre-requisite for future exploitation of the geothermal resource.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 102627
    Beschreibung: 1TR. Georisorse
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Hydrothermal systems ; Fluid geochemistry ; Jujuy province ; Geothermal resource
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
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    Modeling of earthquake chronology from paleoseismic data: Insights for regional earthquake recurrence and earthquake storms in the Central Apennines (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-13
    Beschreibung: Among the geologic data, trenching records of paleoearthquakes represent an important input for the development of seismic hazard evaluations and, specifically, for the characterization of fault rupture behavior in time. Based on the available paleoseismological trenching data in the Central Apennines we have compiled a new database of surface faulting earthquakes for 10 faults. The compilation contains 109 surface faulting events, occurred in the past ~28 kyr. Events younger than 7 kyr (59 dated events) are much better constrained and, therefore, are the basis for most of the analyses. Through a quantitative multistep method, we integrate paleoseismic trench data and treat them statistically, providing relevant improvement needed for trenching-based seismic hazard evaluation. Indeed, the combined analysis of trenching data from multiple sites on the same fault led to a reduction of the approximations and uncertainties in the rupture history of individual faults. The procedure was also applied on specific fault systems and indicated that the single faults may have occasionally ruptured simultaneously, or close in time, in the past. The whole set of age ranges was also statistically analyzed to produce regional earthquake scenarios for a period much longer than the millennial historical record. The built scenarios for the last 7 kyr define a regional mean inter event time (IET) of 230-240 yr, comparable with the average recurrence time of about 200 yr, considering the number of events in time. We also identify the possible occurrence of earthquake storms, i.e., concentration of surface faulting earthquakes in the region within time periods of 200 yr, suggesting a variability in time of the seismic behavior of the faults, with alternation of peaks of activity with more “quiet” periods. Even though the paleoseismic data from the Apennines contains uncertainties, the results appear quite stable and promising for future applications in earthquake-hazard assessment.
    Beschreibung: Published
    Beschreibung: 229016
    Beschreibung: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Beschreibung: JCR Journal
    Schlagwort(e): Paleoseismology ; Statistical modeling ; Surface rupture scenarios ; Regional earthquake recurrence ; Earthquake storms ; Central Apennines ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Materialart: article
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