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  • 1
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    Geosciences and the stewardship of our planet (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The time for a first book on Geoethics has come. The faster, greedier pace of society and globalization demands it. The comfortable life of scholars in the ivory tower is coming to a rude awakening. People demand understandable information on geohazards, judges condemn scientist and engineers for lack of communication, indigenous people rise in anger accusing experts of misleading them, attempts to avoid transparency in developments still exist, the helplessness of technology to deal with nuclear waste becomes more evident everyday and nature exposes shortcuts in constructing critical facilities with her own awesome force.....
    Description: Published
    Description: XXI-XXII
    Description: 3T. Pericolosità sismica e contributo alla definizione del rischio
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 4A. Clima e Oceani
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geoethics ; Philosophy ; Geosciences ; Geoscientists ; Ethics ; Earth Sciences ; Sustainability ; Research Integrity ; Professional Ethics ; Geoscience communication ; Responsibility ; Stewardship ; Planet ; Earth ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
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    Quantitative mapping of precursory seismic quiescence before the 1989, M 7.1off-Sanriku earthquake, Japan (2006)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The first main shock of the off-Sanriku earthquake sequence (02/11/89, M 7.1; 18/07/92, M 6.9; 28/12/94, M 7.5) was preceded by a precursory seismic quiescence lasting 2.5 ± 1 year and up to this main shock. The detailed properties of this quiescence were mapped as a function of time and space by a gridding technique using the ZMAP computer code, and the statistical significance was estimated by generating a synthetic catalog based on the microearthquake catalog of Tohoku University, which was the data set used. The statistically most significant expression of this precursory quiescence has a probability of 0.1% to have occurred at random and was located in the eastern part of the 1989 aftershock area, at a point to which the 1994 aftershocks extended also. If we define the dimensions of the quiescence anomaly by a vertical cylinder with the depth of the entire seismogenic layer, centered at the point of most significant quiescence and showing a rate decrease of 75%, then we find its radius is 25 ± 9 km. If we allow other shapes, such as the simplified aftershock volume of 1989, or other simple geometric figures, to define the rate decrease we find dimensions of 80 by 80 km. The characteristics of the quiescence anomaly do not depend strongly on the choice of free parameters within the following ranges: 100 ≤ number of events ≤ 400, 2.0 ≤ Mmin £ 3.0, 1 ≤ time window ≤ 3 years. With our method, a thorough analysis of the period before the 1994 main shock is not possible because of the interference of the extended aftershock sequence of 1989. Nevertheless, we identified a quiescence of nearly zero earthquakes located near the center of the 1994 aftershock area that lasted for one year up to that main shock. However, this quiescence period ranked only 46th in significance, behind other quiescences of equal duration and similar dimensions distributed in time and space through the data set. Because of the ubiquitous existence of periods of near zero activity during short periods like one year, we find that quiescences shorter than about 1.5 years cannot be defined with high statistical significance in most earthquake catalogs. In the last two years of the data (1995.3-1997.3) we see no extensive quiescence of high significance off the east coast of Honshu between 36.5° and 42°N in the currently available data.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic quiescence ; earthquake prediction ; Sanriku Japan ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 6134831 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Can One Test the Seismic Gap Hypothesis? The Case of Repeated Ruptures in the Aleutians (1999)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 155 (1999), S. 259-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Seismic gap, seismotectonics, earthquake prediction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The test that Kagan and Jackson (1991, 1995) applied to the seismic gap hypothesis did not bring us closer to understanding the generation of large earthquakes. On the contrary, it led some to the conclusion that the rebound theory of earthquake generation should be rejected. We disagree with this point of view and argue that a global test of the simplified gap hypothesis cannot be done because it cannot account for differences in the slip history of fault segments and tectonic differences between separate plate boundaries. Kagan and Jackson did show, however, that the original gap hypothesis was oversimplified and should be refined. We propose that consideration of all the facts, including slip history and seismicity patterns in the Andreanof Islands, show that the concept of seismic gaps and the elastic rebound theory are correct for that segment of the plate boundary. The coseismic slip in the M w 8.7 earthquake that broke this plate boundary segment in 1957 was only 2 m, as published before the repeat earthquake of 1986 (M w 8), and thus, using a plate convergence rate of 7.3 cm/year, the return time in this cycle was expected to be less than 30 years, unless substantial aseismic creep occurs. This supports the time predictable model of mainshock recurrence. In addition, Kisslinger et al. (1985) and Kisslinger (1986) noticed a seismic quiescence in the subsequent source volume before the 1986 earthquake and attempted to predict it. The specific parameters he estimated were not entirely correct although his interpretation of the observed quiescence as a precursor was. We conclude that the 1986, M w 8, Andreanof earthquake was not an example that disproves the seismic gap hypothesis. On the contrary, it shows that the hypothesis that plate motions reload plate boundaries after most of the elastic energy is released in great ruptures was correct in this case. This suggests that great earthquakes occur preferably in mature gaps. We believe the testing of the seismic gap hypothesis by algorithm on a global scale is an example that illustrates that overly simplified tests can lead to erroneous conclusions. To make progress in the actual understanding of the physics of the process of great earthquake ruptures, one must consider all the facts known for case histories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050265
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic quiescence precursory to a past and a future Kurile island earthquake (1979)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 1195-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Earthquake Prediction ; Seismicity patterns ; tectonics of Kuriles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A systematic search was made for seismicity rate changes in the segment of the Kurile island arc from 45°N to 53°N by studying the cumulative seismicity of shallow (h≤100 km) earthquakes within 11 overlapping volumes of radius 100 km for the time period 1960 through beginning of 1978. We found that in most parts of this island arc and most of the time the seismicity rate as obtained from the NOAA catalogue and not excluding any events is fairly constant except for increased seismicity in the mid 1960s in the southern portion due to the great 1963 mainshock there, and for seismicity quiescence during part of the time period studied within two well defined sections of the arc. The first of these is a volume of 100 km radius around a 1973 (M s =7.3) mainshock within which the seismicity rate was demonstrated at the 99% confidence level to have been lower by 50% during 2100 days (5.75 years) before this mainshock. The second volume of seismic quiescence coincides with the 400 km long north Kuriles gap. In this gap the seismicity rate is shown (at the 99% confidence level) to be lower by 50% from 1967 to present (1978), in comparison with the rate within the gap befor 1967, as well as with the rate surrounding the gap. We propose that the anomalously low seismicity rate within the Kuriles gap is a precursor to a great earthquake, the occurrence time of which was estimated by the following preliminary relation between precursory quiescence time and source dimensionT=190L 0.545. We predict that an earthquake with source length of 200–400 km (M〉8) will occur along the north Kurile island arc between latitude 45.5°N and 49.2°N at a time between now and 1994.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876215
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editor's note (1979)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 117 (1979), S. 1079-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876210
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editors' note (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 583-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876525
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of a complex rupture model with the precursor asperities of the 1975 HawaiiM s-7.2 earthquake (1986)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 124 (1986), S. 957-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Hawaii ; multiple rupture ; asperities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simplified multiple source model was constructed for the 1975 HawaiiM s=7.2 earthquake by matching synthetic signals with three component accelerograms at two stations located approximately 45 km from the epicenter. Six major subevents were identified and located approximately. The signals of these are larger by factors of 1.4 to 3.2 than that of theM L=5.9 foreshock which occurred 70 minutes before the main rupture and also triggered the SAM-1 recorders at the two stations. Dividing the rupture length (40 km) by the duration of strong ground shaking (∼ 50 sec) an, average rupture velocity of 0.8 km/sec (about 25% of S-velocity) is obtained. Thus it is likely that the rupture stopped between subevents. The approximate epicenters of the 6 major subevents, and of the foreshock, support the hypothesis that they were located in high stress asperities which rupture during the main shock, except for the last events which is interpreted as a stopping phase generated at a barrier. These asperities have been previously defined on the basis of differences in the precursor pattern before the mainshock. Thus, it appears that both the details of the precursors and of the main rupture depended critically on the heterogeneous tress distribution in the source volume. This suggests that main rupture initiation points and locations of high rupture accelerations may be identified before the mainshock occurs, based on precursor anomaly patterns. A satisfactory match of synthetic signals with the observations could be obtained only if the aximuth of the fault plane of subevents was rotated from N60°E to N90°E and back to N30°E. These orientations are approximately parallel to the nearest Kilauea rift segments. Hence the slip directions and greatest principal stresses were oriented perpendicular to the rifts everywhere. From this analysis and other work, it is concluded that this fault surface consisted of three types of segments with different strength: hard asperities (radius ≈ 5 km), soft but ‘brittle’ segments between the asperities (radius ≈ 5 km), and a ‘viscous’ half (10×40 km) which slipped during the mainshock, but where microearthquakes and aftershocks are not common.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00879621
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct tissue specific mitochondrial creatine kinases from chicken brain and striated muscle with a conserved CK framework
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 151 (1988), S. 408-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(88)90608-0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial creatine kinase: a key enzyme of aerobic energy metabolism
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1102 (1992), S. 119-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; Energy metabolism ; Metabolite channelling ; Mitochondrion ; Myopathy ; Pathology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(92)90096-K
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic spectra of carbon chain anions: C2nH− (n=5–12) (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 9280-9286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic absorption spectra of mono-hydrogenated carbon chain anions C2nH− (n=5–10) have been measured in the gas-phase and in 6 K neon matrices (n=8–12). The techniques of resonant two-color electron photodetachment in the gas-phase and absorption spectroscopy of mass-selected anions in neon matrix were used. A homologous series is observed, with band system origins shifting from 304 nm for C10H− to 590 nm for C20H−. In conjunction with ab initio calculations the band systems are attributed to a 1Σ+←X 1Σ+ transition of linear acetylenic anions. Another near lying electronic transition due to a second isomer is also apparent for C10H− up to C24H−. Comparison with tables of the known diffuse interstellar bands indicates possible matches for the origin bands of the C18H− and C20H− isomers. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479842
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