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  • Articles  (6)
  • Other Sources
  • EMAT  (3)
  • Rayleigh waves  (3)
  • Springer  (6)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Wiley-Blackwell
  • 2020-2022
  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984  (6)
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  • 1925-1929
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (6)
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  • Articles  (6)
  • Other Sources
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  • Springer  (6)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: ultrasonics ; Rayleigh waves ; subsurface defects ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An ultrasonic inspection method is used to obtain the circumference of a subsurface hole and the depth of the hole below the surface. A pitch-catch Rayleigh wave transducer set-up was used to launch a Rayleigh surface wave at the flaw and to capture and record the scattered waves. The frequency spectrum of the scattered waves can be used to obtain the depth of the hole. The ligament of material between the hole and the surface is sent into resonance, and this feature can be extracted from the scattered waves' frequency spectrum. The frequency is a function of the ligament length; thus the hole depth can be obtained. The circumference of the hole is found from a time of flight measurement. A Rayleigh wave is formed that travels around the hole's surface. The length of time required for the wave to travel around the hole is a measure of the circumference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Rayleigh waves ; Ge and Al surfaces ; high frequency ultrasonic surface waves ; nondestructive evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Techniques for propagating Rayleigh waves with frequencies varying from 〈1 to 270 MHz were developed for the purpose of nondestructive evaluation of composition or defect gradients near the surface of nonpiezoelectric solids. The surface waves with frequencies greater than 15 MHz were obtained from a novel technique using single crystal wedges, whereas the low frequency waves were produced by a previously used high voltage impulse. Measurements of Rayleigh wave velocities on single crystals of Ge and Al were performed as a test of accuracy and precision and are compared with calculated values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: ultrasonic waves ; EMAT ; surface stress ; NDE ; Green's function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the radiation from a body force shows that it is equivalent to the radiation from a series of surface stresses defined by the moments of the body force taken with respect to the depth coordinate. As the body force becomes localized near the surface, the zeroth moment of the force dominates the radiation and is often thought of as an equivalent surface stress. However, under certain conditions, this can vanish, and the other moments must be considered. It is found that, as the order of the moment of a particular force component increases, the resulting radiation patterns alternate between those characteristic of a compressive surface stress and those characteristic of a shear surface stress, which have considerably different angular variations. Results of experiments in the development of EMAT transducers for nondestructive testing that support these results are cited, and important consequences in the design of inspection systems are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 2 (1981), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: acoustics ; surface acoustic waves ; Rayleigh waves ; ceramics ; surface cracks ; residual stresses ; crack extension ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An investigation of scattering from surface cracks has been conducted. In particular, the change in the reflection coefficient of a Rayleigh wave incident on a surface indentation crack has been measured as the sample is stressed to fracture. The acoustic measurements have been correlated with the stable crack extension that precedes final failure. The crack extension behavior of as-indented specimens was found to differ appreciably from that of annealed specimens. Cracks in the annealed samples exhibited partial crack tip closure, but little stable extension, whereas cracks in the as-indented samples displayed both crack closure and irreversible crack growth. This behavior has been rationalized by invoking concepts based upon the residual stresses created by indentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 85-91 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: displacement-field ; acoustic radiation ; wave propagation ; absolute velocity ; EMAT ; mode selective ; nonresonant frequency response ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is developed that measures velocities and absolute surface displacements in-plane and plane-normal to the direction of wave propagation. This transducer is flexible in shape and design to conform with irregular surfaces and has unique characteristics of nonresonant frequency response. Tests show that the sensitivity of this EMAT can be increased by increasing the applied magnetic field. Because this transducer is mode selective and nonresonent, its response can be related uniquely to the wave motion. This property is highly desirable for research purposes, though generally not wanted in field monitoring situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 1 (1980), S. 157-181 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: EMAT ; radiation pattern ; transducer ; shear waves ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A Green's function calculation of the far-field radiation patterns of EMATs is presented. The approach is based on (a) closed form expressions for the eddy current and static magnetic field distributions, established by the EMATs, which react to produce the driving Lorentz forces, and (b) a Green's function derived from the steepest descent approximation to the far-field response of an arbitrary surface point force on a half space. Numerical results are presented, illustrating the radiation patterns of the three common EMAT designs. Included are vertically polarized shear waves as radiated by both meander coil and periodic magnet EMATs and horizontally polarized shear waves as radiated by the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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