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  • Stable isotopes
  • Elsevier  (4)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • 2020-2024  (2)
  • 2020-2022  (2)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1
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    A mid-Holocene stalagmite multiproxy record from southern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) linked to the Siberian High patterns (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: A multiproxy record from a stalagmite collected from Torgashinskaya Cave (Southern Siberia, Russia) and growing between ca. 6 and 3.8 ka shows evidence for regional climatic changes occurring at ca. 5 ka. Interpretation of stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C) and fluorescence data (intensity and wavelength of the emitted fluorescence) suggests that the interval between ca. 5 and 4.2 ka was generally warmer and drier than the interval between ca. 6 and 5 ka. The observed bipartitioning of the climate, attributable to the so-called ‘middlelate Holocene transition’, has a striking similarity to changes in K+ and Na+ concentration of Greenland ice cores (taken as indicators of the strength of the Siberian High and Icelandic Low, respectively), in the abundance of hematite-stained grains in subpolar North Atlantic sediments and, to lesser extent, in the summer Asian monsoon intensity deduced by δ18O from Chinese speleothems. In particular, the δ18O record at Torgashinskaya Cave can be interpreted as mostly driven by temperature changes. Besides several episodes of drift towards higher temperatures, it also strongly suggests the presence of short cooling events centered at 4.1+0.08/-0.07, 4.85+0.05/-0.06, 5.1+0.09/-0.09, 5.3+0.08/-0.07 and 5.8+0.12/-0.13 ka. Notably, the last three such events are in very good correspondence with spikes in the K+ and Na+ concentration of Greenland ice cores. Instead, the cooling around 4.1 ka could be the local response to the 4.2 event, a cold/dry episode identified in several records in the Northern Hemisphere. This suggests that δ18O of speleothem calcite from this area could be a useful proxy for defining the evolution of the Siberian High and its effect on the wider regional climate.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108355
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Fluorescence ; Speleothems ; Siberian high ; Holocene ; Permafrost ; Paleoclimate ; 4.2 event
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Theoretical principles and application to measure the flux of carbon dioxide in the air of urban zones (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: •Anthropogenic CO2 flux can be estimated by stable isotopic surveying. •Gas emissions from human activities force the atmospheric CO2. •The monitoring of stable isotopes allows identifying the CO2 sources in the air. •Several tons per day of CO2 flow through the geosphere in urban zones. •Transient in the air CO2 occurs owing to changes in weather variables.
    Description: Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations increase due to volcanic emissions, diffuse degassing from fault zones, and various human-caused gas emissions, especially in densely populated urban zones, which play a pivotal role in the ongoing climate change. This study aims to examine changes in the concentration and stable isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2. A laser-based analyzer provided the δ13C and δ18O values based on concentration measurements for various CO2 isotopologues. Multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that almost 30% of the atmospheric CO2 changes are caused by weather variations, while ~70% of the changes involve CO2 from various gas sources related to human activities. The Keeling plot approach was used to identify the isotopic signature of the extra CO2, which points to the gas produced by hydrocarbon combustion. An isotopic mass balance model was designed to show the relation between excess atmospheric CO2 and the flux of human-related gas emissions. Calculating the CO2 flux in the atmosphere based on this isotopic mass balance model showed that several tons of CO2 move daily between geospheres. This study shows that surveying atmospheric CO2 in urban zones allows quantifying the CO2 emissions from various sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 119302
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianza
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 flux ; Carbon stable isotopes ; Oxygen isotope composition ; Atmospheric CO2 ; Geochemical modeling ; Gas Hazard ; Stable isotopes ; Isotopes ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; environmental geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Geochemical investigations of the geothermal systems from the Island of Sicily (southern Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Sicily hosts many natural manifestations that include thermal waters, gas discharges and mud volcanoes. Due to the significant geodynamic and geological differences, the fluid discharges along a NE-WS–oriented transect that run from the Peloritani Mts. to the Sciacca Plain shows a large variability in water and gas chemical and isotopic compositions. The studied waters are characterized by Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-SO4, Ca-Cl and Na-Cl compositions produced by distinct geochemical processes such as water-rock-gas interactions, mixing between deep and shallow aquifers and seawater and direct and reverse ion exchanges. The gas chemistry is dominated by CO2 to the east and CO2-N2 to the west of the study area, whereas the central part shows mud volcanoes discharging CH4-rich gases. Water isotopes suggest that the thermal waters are fed by a meteoric recharge, although isotopic exchange processes between thermal fluids and host rocks at temperature 〉150°C are recognized. Accordingly, liquid geothermometry suggests equilibrium temperatures up to 220°C. The carbon in CO2 and helium isotopes of the emissions from the westernmost sector of Sicily indicate that these two gases consists of up to 40 % of a mantle component, the latter decreasing to the east down to 10% where CO2 of thermometamorphic origin dominates. Accordingly, conceptual models of the fluid circulation for the western, central and eastern sectors are proposed. The regional geothermal reservoir, hosted in carbonates in the western sector and locally outcropping, is of low to medium temperature. Higher temperature conditions (up to 200-220°C) are suggested by geothermometry and probably related to deeper levels of the system. Sicily can be regarded as a potentially suitable area for future investigations to evaluate specific activities aimed at exploiting the geothermal resource.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102120
    Description: 9T. Geochimica dei fluidi applicata allo studio e al monitoraggio di aree sismiche
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Stable isotopes ; Geothermal exploration ; Dissolved gases ; Tectonics ; 03. Hydrosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    On the complexity of anthropogenic and geological sources of carbon dioxide: Onsite differentiation using isotope surveying (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) co-occur with emissions of these gases from volcanic and urban environments. Therefore, it remains a challenge for the scientific community to identify the contamination sources and quantify the specific contributions. Stable isotopes have many applications in different fields under geosciences, including volcanology, environmental surveying, and climatology. Isotopic surveys allow identification of photosynthetic fractionation in tree forests and gas sources in urban zones, and tracking of volcanic degassing. Thus, the stable isotopic composition of the local GHGs allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts and assists in mitigating the emissions. The present study aimed to distinguish the tropospheric sources of CO2 in the different ecosystems based on the stable isotopic composition of CO2. The study relies on field experiments performed in both volcanic and urban zones of the Mediterranean region. Experiments to identify the CO2 origins in the field were designed and conducted in the laboratory. The CO2 in the air in Palermo, the soil CO2 released at Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy), and the CO2 emitted at Cava dei Selci (Rome, Italy) were selected for conducting case studies. Isotope surveying of the CO2-containing air in Palermo revealed that the CO2 content was correlated to human activity. Mobile-based measurements of carbon isotope were conducted to distinguish the different sources of CO2 at the district scale. In particular, the isotopic surveying process distinguished landfill-related CO2 emissions from the fossil fuel burning ones. The underlying geological reservoir was identified as the main source of air CO2 at Cava dei Selci. Finally, partitioning of soil CO2 enabled estimation of the geological CO2 estimation in the Vulcano Porto settled zones. The results of the present study revealed that detailed investigations on stable isotopes assist in tracking the CO2 sources and the fate of gas emissions. The fine-tuned experimental solutions assisted in broadening the research perspectives. In addition, deeper insights into the carbon cycle were obtained.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118446
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Carbon dioxide ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Volcanic gases ; Mediterranean region ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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