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  • Astrophysics
  • Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
  • ddc:330
  • 2020-2024  (46)
  • 2020-2022  (32)
  • 2000-2004  (2,663)
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Keywords
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  • 1
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    Gravitational Waves (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Gravitational waves were predicted by Albert Einstein in his most famous theory, the general theory of relativity, but it took almost a century for these waves to be detected and their existence proven. This book introduces gravitational waves and discusses some of their applications in five dimensions, this is all done in classical gravity. It also explains gravitational waves in quantum gravity (in which the universe is considered to be not continuous) and implications for trying to understand and explore dark energy and an expanding accelerated universe.
    Keywords: Linearized Theory ; Gravitational Waves Energy ; Field Approach ; Generation of Gravitational Waves ; Interferometers ; Resonant Mass Detectors ; Data Analyses Techniques ; New Detectors ; Searches ; Parameter Estimation ; Astrophysics ; Multi-Messenger Astronomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Gravitation relativiste (2024)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Astrophysics
    Keywords: Astrophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVB Astrophysics
    Language: French
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  • 3
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    Transformation regionaler Infrastrukturen für einen sozial-ökologischen Strukturwandel : konzeptionelle Ansätze des Strukturwandels und Herausforderungen für sozial-ökologische Transformationen in den drei Braunkohlerevieren ; Teilbericht (2024)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 4
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    Klimaneutral - geht das auch anders? : Der Contribution Claim als Strategie zur Erreichung globaler Klimaschutz- und Nachhaltigkeitsziele (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-09
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 5
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    Reaching net-zero in the chemical industry : a study of roadmaps for industrial decarbonisation (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Striving to mitigate climate change, the European Union has adopted net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as a target for 2050. In this paper, European chemical industry roadmaps from the past six years are assessed and compared to uncover how the industry envisions its role in the transition to net-zero emissions. The roadmaps are assessed in terms of ambition level, technology and feedstock strategies, investment needs and costs, agency and dependency on other actors, as well as timeline and concretion. Although net-zero pathways are often drawn out in the roadmaps, some also choose to emphasize and argue for less ambitious pathways with emission reductions of only 40-60 %. The roadmaps vary widely in terms of the importance they assign to mechanical and chemical recycling, switching to biogenic carbon and carbon dioxide as feedstock, electrification and hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage. A commonality though, is that low-tech or near-term mitigation pathways such as demand reduction, reuse or material efficiency are seldom included. High investment needs are generally highlighted, as well as the need for policy to create enabling conditions, whereas the agency and responsibility of the chemical industry itself is downplayed. Our analysis highlights that the chemical industry does not yet have a strong and shared vision for pathways to net-zero emissions. We conclude that such a future vision would benefit from taking a whole value chain approach including demand-side options and consideration of scope 3 emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Avoid, shift or improve passenger transport? : Impacts on the energy system (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Demand-side mitigation strategies have been gaining momentum in climate change mitigation research. Still, the impact of different approaches in passenger transport, one of the largest energy demand sectors, remains unclear. We couple a transport simulation model to an energy system optimisation model, both highly disintegrated in order to compare those impacts. Our scenarios are created for the case of Germany in an interdisciplinary, qualitative-quantitative research design, going beyond techno-economic assumptions, and cover Avoid, Shift, and Improve strategies, as well as their combination. The results show that sufficiency - Avoid and Shift strategies - have the same impact as the improvement of propulsion technologies (i.e. efficiency), which is reduction of generation capacities by one quarter. This lowers energy system transformation cost accordingly, but requires different kinds of investments: Sufficiency measures require public investment for high-quality public services, while efficiency measures require individuals to purchase more expensive vehicles at their own cost. These results raise socio-political questions of system design and well-being. However, all strategies are required to unleash the full potential of climate change mitigation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 7
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    Minderungsansätze in der Energie- und Kreislaufwirtschaft (2024)
    Berlin : Springer Spektrum
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Die schnelle und umfassende Emissionsminderung in der Energie- und Kreislaufwirtschaft ist der Schlüssel für die Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf unter 2 °C. In Deutschland werden entsprechende Politiken seit den 1990er-Jahren verfolgt, allerdings erst in jüngster Vergangenheit mit dem notwendigen Nachdruck und der notwendigen Orientierung hin zu mehr Marktmechanismen. Wesentliche Handlungsfelder sind Energieeinsparung und erhöhte Energieeffizienz, Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energien, Bepreisung von Klimagasen sowie eine Reduzierung und Schließung der Stoffkreisläufe. In allen Handlungsfeldern sind Grundlagen geschaffen, es bleibt jedoch der Großteil des Weges noch zu gehen, um Klimaneutralität zu erreichen. Für einen schnellen Fortschritt spielen neben der Überwindung der technischen, ökonomischen und organisatorischen Herausforderungen auch Verteilungsfragen und die Einbettung in internationale Maßnahmen eine zunehmende Rolle.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Fragliche Wirtschaftlichkeit kommunaler H2-Verteilnetze zu Heizzwecken : die Rolle der Bedarfs-Festschreibung für die Sicherung ihrer Finanzierung (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: Deutschlands Haushalte werden, zu Beheizungszwecken, zu 70 % leitungsgebunden versorgt: 50 % mit Erdgas und 14 % mit Fernwärme; 5 % mit Elektrizität, davon je die Hälfte noch mit Nachtspeicherheizung, die andere Hälfte mit Wärmepumpen. So war es 2021. So wird es in Zukunft nicht sein, denn Erdgas ist ein Energieträger fossiler Herkunft. Dessen Nutzung geht in den nächsten beiden Jahrzehnten gen Null. Die Frage ist, was das für die Erdgasleitungen in Deutschland bedeutet.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Structural analysis of petrochemical clusters in Germany : what can be learned for the transformation towards climate-neutrality? (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: The petrochemical industry is among the most relevant sectors from an economic, energetic and climate policy perspective. In Western Europe, production occurs in local chemical parks that form strongly connected and densely integrated regional clusters. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the petrochemical system in Germany and investigates three particularly distinct clusters regarding their challenges and chances for a transition towards climate-neutrality. For this, feedstock and energy supply, product portfolios and process integration as well as existing transformation activities are examined. We find that depending on their distinct network characteristics and location, unique and complex strategies are to be mastered for every cluster. Despite the many activities underway, none of them seems to have a strategic network to co-create a tailored defossilization strategy for the cluster - which is the core recommendation of this paper to develop.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Managing energy consumption by adapted energy performance contracting modes in rural China (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-13
    Description: Energy performance contracting (EPC) as a market instrument has been effective in promoting energy efficiency worldwide, but it has encountered many insurmountable obstacles in rural energy management. In this study, based on the characteristics of energy management in rural areas, three EPC modes are designed and tested in 24,000 rural households. The test results show that two adapted EPC modes of local government involvement and energy payment directly from the national grid can effectively overcome the barriers encountered in the traditional EPC modes and work well under the economic and social environmental conditions in rural areas. The key to the adaptation of the traditional EPC modes is the introduction of the local government as the third party. Participation of the third party can effectively reduce and remove the barriers and risks and increase the mutual trust between the clients (households) and the energy service companies (ESCOs). Based on the testing results, this study suggests that governmental departments should formulate relevant EPC policies and technical guidelines within the rural context. This research recommends that farmers should not manage their energy services by themselves and it is suggested to out-contracting ESCOs by applying the modes developed and tested by this paper.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Towards a climate-neutral basic materials industry in North Rhine-Westphalia (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) is the industrial center of Germany and one of the most important industrial locations in Europe. It is a key location for the energy-intensive basic materials industry like the production of steel and non-ferrous metals, (petro)chemicals, cement and lime, bricks, glass and ceramics, and paper. Around 20 % of NRW's total greenhouse emissions derive from industrial processes. By 2045, industry must achieve climate-neutrality, which requires a massive transformation effort. Technologically, this needs large-scale utilization of green hydrogen, carbon management, consequent circular economy, and climate-neutral production of process heat. Furthermore, various adjustments to the policy framework are essential.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Logic model for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impact pathways and assessments (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-07
    Description: The goal of this dissertation is to facilitate the assessment of impacts from sustainable measures and projects with an emphasis on impact reporting for Green, Social or Sustainability Bonds in the Sustainable Finance market. It does so by providing analysts with the means to develop, depict, formulate, and assess a causal hypothesis between an intervention and its subsequent effects in an impact-chain, represented by desired environmental (E), social (S) or governance (G) changes. This is achieved by developing a methodology for so-called ESG Logic Models or ESG-LM, that combine heuristic Theories-of-Change with propositional logic and Bayesian Reasoning. Three research questions are investigated and responded to. Research Question 1 asks how such Theories-of-Change can be developed for any type of ESG-related issue and how the different process steps in a causal chain can be classified, hierarchised, and prioritised regarding their efficacy towards overarching sustainability goals and their plausibility. Research Question 2 studies (a) the means by which the analyst or any other interested third party might be warranted in believing the causal claims from an ESG-LM, and (b) how an ESG-LM can be improved if this credence is low. Research Question 3 then looks at the reporting of impacts themselves regarding indicator selection, indicator assessment and indicator quantification as well as the provision of information on the contributions and attributions by different actors. The dissertation draws on a variety of theories and adapts existing methods to achieve that. It operationalises concepts from empirical Sustainable Finance research and already existing impact assessment methodologies. It adapts scholarly and practitioner approaches for theory-based evaluation and applies a qualitative social science perspective towards theory-building and evaluation, while some of the assessment tools in the dissertation are grounded in Logic, Set Theory and Bayesian Epistemology. Examples for such tools include rules for the Attribution by actors, heuristics for the abduction of plausible outcome pathways, or a four-stage Argument and Decision-Tree to assess the credibility of ESG-LM claims (based on Bayes Theorem). My assessment of the entire methodology is positive overall, as it provides solutions to each of the three research areas. Limitations of the approach, and thus opportunities for further research, are the additional expertise and time required by analysts compared to the existing, and somewhat more pragmatic, solutions in the current market. However, this is outweighed in my opinion by the ability of the framework to strongly mitigate impact washing by actors in the financial markets as well as biases by analysts. Its overall methodology also provides opportunities for new research angles in the area of sustainability indicators and assessments.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 13
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    Philosophy of Astrophysics (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This is an open access book. This book, the first edited collection of its kind, explores the recent emergence of philosophical research in astrophysics. It assembles a variety of original essays from scholars who are currently shaping this field, and it combines insightful overviews of the current state of play with novel, significant contributions. It therefore provides an ideal source for understanding the current debates in philosophy of astrophysics, and it offers new ideas for future cutting-edge research. The selection of essays offered in this book addresses methodological and metaphysical questions that target a wide range of topics, including dark matter, black holes, astrophysical observations and modelling. The book serves as the first standard resource in philosophy of astrophysics for all scholars who work in the field and want to expand or deepen their knowledge, but it also provides an accessible guide for all those philosophers and scientists who are interested in getting a first, basic understanding of the main issues in philosophy of astrophysics.
    Keywords: Philosophy of astrophysics ; Philosophy of science ; Astrophysics ; Metaphysics and epistemology ; Simulation of the universe ; constellations and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTK Philosophy: epistemology and theory of knowledge
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Plastic Credits als Instrument zur Annäherung an eine Circular Economy : Einordnung der Nutzung des Marktmechanismus auf Abnehmerseite (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: Die verheerenden Mengen an Abfall am Ende des Lebenszyklus von Produkten zu bewältigen, gilt als eine der größten Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer Circular Economy. Die negativen Folgen, die sich aus dem Missmanagement von Kunststoffabfällen aufgrund fehlender oder nicht funktionierender Abfallwirtschaftsstrukturen in weiten Teilen der Erde ergeben, werden zunehmend deutlich. Bei der Circular Economy als elementarer Lösungsansatz sollen Stoffströme geschlossen und Produktlebenszyklen verlängert werden. Ein Instrument zur Annäherung an dieses Modell ist der Handel mit sogenannten Plastic Credits - ein Mittel, um den Ausbau regionaler Infrastrukturen für die Sammlung und das Recycling von Kunststoffabfällen zu finanzieren. Die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits sind die treibende Kraft hinter dem Mechanismus. Es ist weiterführende Forschung notwendig, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Frage, wie Unternehmen das Instrument der Plastic Credits nutzen und in ihre Gesamtstrategie integrieren. Diese Masterarbeit widmet sich der dabei vorgelagerten Frage: Existieren bestimmte Profile bei Unternehmen, die in Plastic Credits investieren, und lassen sich hierbei spezifische Cluster bilden? Im Rahmen der Beantwortung dieser Frage wurden Expert*innen-Interviews mit Hilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet. Dabei haben sich drei konkrete Unterfragen ergeben, die sich auf die Motivation, Branchenzugehörigkeit und räumliche Verortung der Abnehmer beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Abnehmer von Plastic Credits bereits umfangreich mit der Kunststoffabfallproblematik und der damit verbundenen Auswirkung auf die Umwelt beschäftigen. Offen bleibt, inwiefern Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von neuartigem Kunststoff, der Verbesserung der Recyclingfähigkeit der Produkte oder der Einsatz von Rezyklaten in der Herstellung dem Weg der Kompensation vorangestellt werden. In Bezug auf die Branchenzugehörigkeit legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass vorrangig Unternehmen, die mit einem erschwerten Rezyklate-Einsatz konfrontiert sind, in Plastic Credits investieren. Welche Auswirkungen Maßnahmen wie die Entbürokratisierung der Zulassungsverfahren für neue Recyclingprozesse oder verpflichtende Anteile an recycelten Materialien in bestimmten Produkten auf die Investition in Plastic Credits haben, wird sich in Zukunft zeigen. Die Analyse der räumlichen Verortung gab Aufschluss darüber, dass zurzeit im Wesentlichen Unternehmen aus dem globalen Norden in Plastic Credits investieren - jedoch verbunden mit dem Ziel, eine Finanzierung aus den Projektländern heraus zu intensivieren.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 15
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    Förderbanken im Wandel : Evolution zu nachhaltigen Transformationsbanken ; fünf Handlungsfelder für die Begleitung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-02
    Description: Förderbanken vergeben in Deutschland jährlich mindestens 200 Milliarden Euro an Mitteln für Investitionen, die sonst nicht oder sehr viel später umgesetzt werden könnten. Sie arbeiten im öffentlichen Auftrag und richten ihre Tätigkeit an gesellschaftlichen Zielen aus. Diese Ziele haben sich weiterentwickelt. Angesichts von Klimawandel, Energiekrise und den Herausforderungen einer Kreislaufwirtschaft wollen sowohl die Länder als auch die Bundesregierung ihre Förderbanken umbauen. Gerade die Förderbanken der Länder müssen sich darum jetzt bereit machen für die "Weiterentwicklung von Förderbanken zu Transformationsbanken". Für die erfolgreiche Gestaltung dieses gesellschaftlichen Umbruchs brauchen sie Unterstützung. Wie dies gelingt, zeigt dieser Zukunftsimpuls.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 16
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    Aus der Gaskrise zu einer anpassungsfähigen klimaneutralen Grundstoffindustrie : Strukturwandel und eine starke industrielle Basis im Bereich der Grundstoffe schließen sich nicht aus (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-03
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 17
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    Die Vielen-Welten der Sustainable Finance : ein Gedankenexperiment zur Effektivität nachhaltiger Anlagen (2023)
    Berlin : Schmidt
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-03
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 18
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    Warum kein Gas in der Fernwärmeversorgung? (2023)
    München : Siedler
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Energieversorgung im Zeichen von Energiewende und Klimawandel (2023)
    München : Siedler
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    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 20
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    Interaktion digitaler und räumlicher Strukturen in der B2B-Kreislaufführung von Kunststoffen (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Description: Ob die Rückführung von industriellen und gewerblichen Sekundärkunststoffen, das heißt von Abfällen bzw. von bereits wiederaufbereiteten Kunststoffrezyklaten, gelingen kann, ist von mehreren Faktoren wie insbesondere den spezifischen Materialeigenschaften, den Mengen, in denen sie anfallen, den aktuellen Marktpreisen (auch gegenüber Neuware) und auch der räumlichen Nähe von Sortier- bzw. Wiederaufbereitungsinfrastruktur abhängig. Trotz eigentlich guter Voraussetzungen für ein werkstoffliches Recycling, gelangen einzelne in Unternehmen anfallende Abfallchargen häufig in eine thermische Verwertung, weil sich ein Recycling wirtschaftlich nicht lohnt. Grund hierfür ist unter anderem, dass der Informationsaustausch zu den oben genannten Faktoren für Unternehmen häufig noch sehr mangelhaft ist. Aktuell in Entwicklung befindliche digitale Plattformen und Applikationen sowie zugehörige Geschäfts- und Betreibermodelle, welche Kunststoffverarbeiter untereinander sowie Wertstofferzeuger und -verwerter vernetzen sollen, können künftig höhere Recyclingquoten ermöglichen und ökologische Einsparpotenziale heben. Der Artikel führt Entwicklungen und Ergebnisse aktueller Forschungsprojekte zu solchen Vernetzungen zusammen, zeigt die aktuelle Situation des werkstofflichen Recyclings von industriellen und gewerblichen Kunststoffabfällen auf und beleuchtet welche Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Kreislaufführung von industriellen Kunststoffen gegeben sein müssen. Es wird insbesondere analysiert, in welcher Weise digitale Technologien und die durch sie erzielbare Informationstransparenz eine verbesserte Kreislaufwirtschaft bewirken können und in welcher Weise dies Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke räumlich beeinflussen kann.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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  • 21
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    Co-creation process on circular economy monitoring : overview of interactive activities and outcomes ; reflections on the links to the Bellagio Principles (2023)
    Mol : European Topic Centre on Waste and Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: The transition to a greener and more circular economy has been a European policy priority for several years. The Circular Economy Action Plan of 2020 underlines the ambition. The following EEA initiatives are meant to support the transition process: - Bellagio Process on circular economy monitoring principles (EPA network); - Enhancement of EEA indicators on circular economy (ETC/WMGE); - Explorative work on novel data streams (FWC); - Co-creation work - knowledge sharing of monitoring experience (ETC/Eionet). The scope of the present task was to report on the co-creation process that was undertaken at the end of 2020. The co-creation process was organised to identify: (i) best practices on monitoring strategies, data sources and target setting; and (ii) areas of circularity measuring and monitoring that remain challenging and require additional investment. The co-creation process partially built on the work done during the Bellagio Process/Initiative which was run in parallel. This ETC report presents and documents the evidence gathered throughout the co- creation process as well as providing a retrospective analysis of the links to the Bellagio Principles.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 22
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    Wege aus der Sackgasse der Linearität : chemische Produktion als Kreislaufwirtschaft (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: In der Chemiebranche macht sich mittlerweile die Erkenntnis breit, dass sie zukünftig geschlossene Stoffkreisläufe brauchen wird, wenn sie weiter Gewinne machen will. Doch der Weg dahin ist noch ziemlich weit. Deshalb wird es ohne langfristig angelegte und klare gesetzgeberische Vorgaben nicht gehen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Stop guessing in the dark : identified requirements for digital product passport systems (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept for collecting and sharing product-related information along the life cycle of a product. DPPs are currently the subject of intense discussion, and various development efforts are being undertaken. These are supported by regulatory activities, especially in the case of the battery passport. The aggregation of product life-cycle data and their respective use, as well as the sharing of these data between companies, entrepreneurs, and other actors in the value chain, is crucial for the creation of a resource-efficient circular economy. Despite the urgent need for such a solution, there is currently little attention given to the digital infrastructure for the creation and handling of the DPPs (i.e., the so-called DPP system). Moreover, there is so far no common understanding of what the requirements for a DPP system are. This is the background and underlying motivation of our paper: we identify the requirements for a DPP system in a structured way, i.e., based on stakeholder involvement and current literature from science and industry. In addition, we compose, categorize, and critically analyze the results, i.e., the list of requirements for DPP systems, in order to identify gaps. Summarized, our research provides insights into the criteria to be considered in the creation of an actual DPP system.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Perspectives on an effective design of industry tramsformation : an active systemic industrial policy for climate-neutral process industries in Europe ; commentary (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Agilität im unternehmerischen Innovationsprozess fördern : eine Kompetenzplattform für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-29
    Description: Fortschreitende Digitalisierung und zunehmende Internationalisierung von Märkten bergen Herausforderungen für Unternehmen mit traditionell geprägten Arbeits- und Fertigungsstrukturen. Um den steigenden Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, sollten in diesen Unternehmen die digitale Arbeitsfähigkeit und Kompetenzen für Agilität ausgebaut werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption einer digitalen Plattform zur Steigerung derartiger Kompetenzen in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU). Die digitale Kompetenzplattform soll insbesondere produzierenden KMU strukturschwacher Regionen helfen, ihre Agilität zu steigern und so zur Innovations- und Zukunftsfähigkeit des Unternehmens beitragen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Abfallvermeidung vor einem Pardigmenwechsel : von der Kür zur Pflicht (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Zero Waste zwischen Anspruch und Umsetzung (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Circular Economy - Leitbild und Vision : Bericht zum Forschungsmodul E2 im Forschungsprojekt "Umsetzungserfahrungen mit Landesnachhaltigkeitsstrategien - Fallstudie Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie NRW" (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Die Transformation der bisher linearen Strukturen von Produktion und Konsum ("take-make-dispose") hin zu einer Circular Economy (CE) - im Sinne einer weiterentwickelten Kreislaufwirtschaft - gilt als zentrales Konzept zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz und Kreislaufführung von Materialien und Produkten, zur Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der einheimischen Industrie sowie zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplatzpotenziale. Ziel dieses Forschungsmoduls ist es, die bisherige Umsetzung dieses Konzepts im Rahmen der Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie NRW zu analysieren und durch geeignete Impulse zu begleiten. Durch die Entwicklung eines Leitbilds für eine nachhaltige Circular Economy und zu seiner Messung geeigneter Indikatoren soll das noch an vielen Stellen unscharfe Konzept präzisiert und insbesondere an die spezifischen Ausgangsbedingungen und Herausforderungen von Nordrhein-Westfalen angepasst werden. Dazu sollen Bausteine für ein mittel- und langfristiges Leitbild (2030) entworfen werden, das einen konsistenten Entwicklungspfad für diesen komplexen Transformationsprozess beschreiben soll. Die bestehenden stark abfallwirtschaftlich geprägten Indikatoren zum Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft sollen durch Vorschläge für zusätzliche Indikatoren zur Nachhaltigkeit im Rahmen der Kreislaufwirtschaft (Circular Economy, CE) ergänzt werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Injecting climate finance into SME lending in Germany : opportunities for and limitations of regional savings and cooperative banks (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-22
    Description: Although small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute considerably to Germany's carbon emissions, regional savings and cooperative banks - SMEs' most important financiers - hardly consider this aspect in lending to these businesses. However, given Germany's commitment to climate neutrality by 2045, suitable approaches for injecting climate finance into these SME lending processes are greatly required. Against this background, the paper at hand aims to introduce the specific case of regional banks into the debate on green finance and green banking and suggest future research in this context. In discussing the state of research on the peculiarities of regional savings and cooperative banks, we outline the resulting opportunities and limitations for climate impact assessments in SME lending. We argue that while the dual bottom-line orientation of regional banks in Germany precludes them from applying simple positive or negative screenings, their in-depth knowledge about local clients and circumstances enables them to be active and engaging partners for the green transformation of SMEs. Nonetheless, we explain why developing solutions to utilise this knowledge for climate finance by integrating climate impact assessments into routine lending processes remains a particularly challenging task.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) in der Matratzenindustrie : Evaluierung verschiedener EPR-Modelle für Deutschland hinsichtlich ihrer Umsetzbarkeit und Effektivität zur Kreislaufschließung (2023)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In Deutschland werden jährlich über sieben Millionen gebrauchte Matratzen entsorgt, die überwiegend verbrannt und nur zu einem Bruchteil recycelt werden. Dieser lineare Ansatz belastet die Ressourcen, erhöht die Emissionen und birgt Umweltrisiken. Um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, kann die erweiterte Herstellerverantwortung (Extended Producer Responsibility, EPR) als Instrument zur Umsetzung einer Kreislaufwirtschaft dienen. In dieser Masterarbeit wird daher untersucht, wie ein EPR-System für Matratzen in Deutschland gestaltet sein sollte, um Kreisläufe effizient zu schließen. Gleichzeitig zielt diese Thesis darauf ab, die damit verbundenen Anforderungen und Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung eines solchen Systems zu identifizieren. Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurden mithilfe von Expert*innen-Interviews und einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche drei EPR-Modelle entwickelt und anhand von ausgewählten Kriterien bewertet. Die Ergebnisse der Bewertung ergaben, dass ein Modell präferiert werden sollte, in dem eine sogenannte Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) gebündelt die Verantwortung der Hersteller übernimmt. Ein solches System würde unter anderem eine angemessene Kontrolle ermöglichen und Anreize für Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Recyclingtechnologien und des zirkulären Designs der Matratzen schaffen. Obwohl die Datenlage über Altmatratzen und deren Verwertung in Deutschland derzeit noch begrenzt sind und die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse von der gewählten Methodik abhängen, dient diese Masterarbeit als erste Grundlage für die weitere Entwicklung eines EPR-Systems für Matratzen in Deutschland.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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    Digitally driven energy management practices in SMEs : exploring potentials and barriers (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-24
    Description: Innovative digital technologies open up new opportun­ ities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve energy efficiency and energy management behavior. The question is: How far will SMEs be capable of profiting from the benefits of these new technologies? Using technology screening, this study identifies smart metering and mobile energy monitoring as digital technologies best addressing SMEs' specific demands. In addition, potentials and limitations of the technologies are investigated in two qualitative in-depth field trials. Barriers to adopting digitally enabled energy management practices are examined. The results indicate that visualising energy data enables SMEs to pursue new energy management practices for reducing energy consumption and costs (such as peak load analysis). SMEs need extensive guidance to identify and pursue these strategies. In conclusion, an exploratory adoption model for digitally enabled energy management practices is developed. Hypotheses for future experimental studies and policy implications are derived.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Digitales Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement in Unternehmen : ein serviceorientierter Ansatz zur Entwicklung einer Plattform für datengestütztes Nachhaltigkeitsdatenmanagement (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-08
    Description: Die Stärkung der Digitalisierung im Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement und das Schaffen einer einheitlichen sowie konsistenten Datenbasis können Unternehmen maßgeblich unterstützen, steigenden Nachhaltigkeitsanforderungen zu entsprechen und die Transparenz zur Nachhaltigkeit des Wirtschaftens zu gewährleisten. Dieser Beitrag stellt Anforderungen und einen serviceorientierten Ansatz zur Entwicklung einer Plattform für datengestütztes Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement in produzierenden Unternehmen vor.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Mit Circular Economy zur Ressourcenwende (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Plastic mining : sind Plastikabfälle das neue Öl? (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Erarbeitung eines Kostenmodells für die Umsetzung von Artikel 8 Absatz 2 und 3 der EU-Einwegkunststoffrichtlinie : Abschlussbericht (2022)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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    The circular economy as a new narrative for the textile industry : an analysis of the textile value chain with a focus on Germany's transformation to a circular economy (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: At the end of March 2022, the European Commission published its new EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles. Its ambitious vision is to reduce textile waste, promote circular measures and minimise the negative environmental impacts of the textile industry. But what would a textile industry that keeps textiles in a closed loop look like, and what political conditions would be required in Germany? This Zukunftsimpuls paper by the Wuppertal Institute points to the role that Germany could play in the transformation towards a circular textile industry.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Welche Auswirkungen hat der Ukrainekrieg auf die Energiepreise und Versorgungssicherheit in Europa? (2022)
    Halle (Saale) : Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Circular Economy und Digitalisierung - Strategien für die digital-ökologische Industrietransformation : eine Studie im Auftrag von Huawei Technologies Deutschland GmbH (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Innerhalb des Projekts "Digitalisierung gestalten - Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit ermöglichen" werden die besonderen Transformationspotenziale der Digitalisierung herausgearbeitet und für Deutschland am Beispiel der ausgewählten Handlungsfelder Mobilität, Circular Economy sowie Landwirtschaft und Ernährung diskutiert. Dieser Bericht adressiert das Handlungsfeld einer klimaschonenden und ressourceneffizienten Kreislaufwirtschaft, die Circular Economy. Bisher wird Kreislaufwirtschaft dabei vor allem mit Fokus auf Recycling und Wiederverwertung von Materialien diskutiert. Das greift jedoch zu kurz - es muss um die Skalierung von neuen, ressourcenschonenden Geschäftsmodellen und der umfassenden Transformation von Wertschöpfungsketten und Industriestrukturen gehen. Die Analyse zeigt: richtig eingesetzt ist Digitalisierung unverzichtbar für diesen Wandel. Der vorliegende Bericht möchte Anstöße für diesen Weg liefern und neue Impulse für eine klima- und ressourcenschonende Industrietransformation in Deutschland setzen. Der Bericht verarbeitet dabei Ergebnisse eines interdisziplinären Workshops zum Thema "Die digital-ökologische Industrietransformation gestalten - Geschäftsmodelle und politische Rahmenbedingungen für Klima- und Ressourcenschutz" mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Forschung, Zivilgesellschaft, Behörden und Privatunternehmen.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Methodische Konzeption einer regionalen Ressourcenwende im Rheinischen Revier : Studie für den Revierknoten Ressourcen und Agrobusiness ; Abschlussdokument (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-07
    Description: Das Wirtschafts- und Strukturprogramm für das Rheinische Zukunftsrevier enthält eine Reihe von Zielen, die demonstrieren sollen, wie der European Green Deal modellhaft im Rheinischen Revier bis 2038 umgesetzt werden kann. Das Konzept der "Ressourcenwende" stellt dabei einen Lösungsweg für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung dieser Transformation dar. Das Wuppertal Institut hat vor diesem Hintergrund gemeinsam mit der Prognos AG die vorliegende Studie zu einer regionalen Ressourcenwende im Rheinischen Revier erarbeitet. Das Rheinische Revier ist geprägt durch die Gewinnung, Verstromung und Veredelung von Braunkohle. Darüber hinaus haben sich hier - aufgrund der Nähe zu bedeutenden europäischen Transportwegen und einer zentralen Lage zu wichtigen Märkten in Europa - viele weitere Branchen angesiedelt, wie etwa die Metall-, Chemie- und Aluminiumbranche. Im Hinblick auf den von der Bundesregierung und Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) beschlossenen Braunkohleausstieg 2030 und den European Green Deal wird die Notwendigkeit eines Wandels der energie- und ressourcenintensiven Industrien hin zu einer treibhausgasneutralen und ressourcenleichten Wirtschaft im Rheinischen Revier mehr als deutlich. Welchen Fußabdruck hinterlässt das Rheinische Revier, welche innovativen Ressourcenstrategien sollte die Region verfolgen und wie kann dies gemessen werden? Zu dieser Fragestellung haben die Forschenden ein methodisches Konzept einer regionalen Ressourcenwende für das Rheinischen Revier erarbeitet. Die Ressourcenwende selbst begrenzt sich dabei nicht nur auf Primärrohstoffe, sondern nimmt auch die Aspekte wie Bodennutzung bzw. Flächenverbrauch und Biodiversität bzw. Ökosystemleistungen in den Blick und setzt diese in den Kontext eines regionalen Kreislaufwirtschaftssystems.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    What will drive household adoption of smart energy? : Insights from a consumer acceptance study in Germany (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Although smart energy technologies (SETs) can fulfill multiple tasks in increasingly decarbonized and digitalized energy systems, market diffusion is still limited. This study investigates which beliefs influence consumers' intention to adopt two smart-energy offerings, whether the rapid growth of the smart home market will now drive SET adoption, and if consumer-driven diffusion will lead to sustainability potentials being realized. Building on UTAUT2, a new theoretical model is proposed, and a consumer acceptance survey was conducted in Germany (n = 700). Results indicate that a growing smart home market will not increase SET adoption and that "adjustable green defaults" should be introduced.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Plastic credits - financing the transition to the global circular economy : final assessment report on the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: The project "Plastic Credits - Financing the Transition to the Global Circular Economy" supports the implementation of a waste management structure in India's rural regions. By that it aims to improve the current waste collection and treatment structures in the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, and Kerala. Herein, the project focuses on low value plastics (LVP), and especially multi-layer plastics (MLP), that have no market value. In order to analyze the environmental impacts of the project, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted. The considered environmental components comprise: greenhouse gas emissions, usage of primary resources, impacts on marine and terrestrial wildlife, standard of living, and economic costs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide. CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.
    Keywords: Gamma Rays ; Astrophysics ; Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) ; Cherenkov Telescopes ; Astroparticle Physics ; Multiwavelength ; Multimessenger ; Astronomy ; Dark Matter
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    Ideas and Methods of Supersymmetry and Supergravity or A Walk Through Superspace (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ideas and Methods of Supersymmetry and Supergravity: Or a Walk Through Superspace provides a comprehensive, detailed, and self-contained account of four dimensional simple supersymmetry and supergravity. Throughout the book, the authors cultivate their material in detail with calculations and full discussions of the fundamental ideas and motivations. They develop the subject in its superfield formulations but where appropriate for illustration, analogy, and comparison with conventional field theory, they use the component formulation. The book discusses many subjects that, until now, can only be found in the research literature. In addition, it presents a plethora of new results. Combining classical and quantum field theory with group theory, differential geometry, and algebra, the book begins with a solid mathematical background that is used in the rest of the book. The next chapter covers algebraic aspects of supersymmetry and the concepts of superspace and superfield. In the following chapters, the book presents classical and quantum superfield theory and the superfield formulation of supergravity. A synthesis of results and methods developed in the book, the final chapter concludes with the theory of effective action in curved superspaces. After studying this book, readers should be well prepared to pursue independent research in any area of supersymmetry and supergravity. It will be an indispensable source of reference for advanced graduate students, postdoctoral faculty, and researchers involved in quantum field theory, high energy physics, gravity theory, mathematical physics, and applied mathematics.
    Keywords: Astrophysics ; Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVB Astrophysics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics
    Language: English
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    The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting:On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Relativistic Field Theories (In 4 Volumes) (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The four volumes of the proceedings of MG14 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting included 35 morning plenary talks over 6 days, 6 evening popular talks and 100 parallel sessions on 84 topics over 4 afternoons. Volume A contains plenary and review talks ranging from the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum gravitational theories including recent developments in string theory, to precision tests of general relativity including progress towards the detection of gravitational waves, and from supernova cosmology to relativistic astrophysics, including topics such as gamma ray bursts, black hole physics both in our galaxy and in active galactic nuclei in other galaxies, and neutron star, pulsar and white dwarf astrophysics. The remaining volumes include parallel sessions which touch on dark matter, neutrinos, X-ray sources, astrophysical black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, binary systems, radiative transfer, accretion disks, quasars, gamma ray bursts, supernovas, alternative gravitational theories, perturbations of collapsed objects, analog models, black hole thermodynamics, numerical relativity, gravitational lensing, large scale structure, observational cosmology, early universe models and cosmic microwave background anisotropies, inhomogeneous cosmology, inflation, global structure, singularities, chaos, Einstein-Maxwell systems, wormholes, exact solutions of Einstein's equations, gravitational waves, gravitational wave detectors and data analysis, precision gravitational measurements, quantum gravity and loop quantum gravity, quantum cosmology, strings and branes, self-gravitating systems, gamma ray astronomy, cosmic rays and the history of general relativity.
    Keywords: Binary Systems ; Astrophysics ; Loop Quantum Gravity ; Gravitational Wave Detectors and Data Analysis ; Black Hole Thermodynamics ; Active Galactic Nuclei ; Observational Cosmology ; Gravitational Wave ; X-ray Sources ; Dark Matter ; General Relativity ; Cosmic Rays ; Inflation ; Numerical Relativity ; Neutrinos ; Theoretical Physics ; Large Scale Structure ; Inhomogeneous Cosmology ; Radiative Transfer ; Supernova ; Gravitation ; Black Hole ; White Dwarf ; Precision Gravitational Measurements ; Quantum Gravity ; Quantum Cosmology ; Einstein-Maxwell Systems ; String Theory ; Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies ; Accretion Disks ; Neutron Star ; Gravitational Lensing ; Exact Solutions of Einstein's Equations ; Early Universe Models ; Wormholes ; Cosmology ; Pulsar ; Gamma Ray Burst
    Language: English
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    Expenditure-based indicators of energy poverty : an analysis of income and expenditure elasticities (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: Energy poverty is high up on national and European Union policy agendas. A number of possible indicators to measure the issue have been identified in the literature, but comparable data with European coverage is scarce. The EU Commission thus proposes four independent indicators on the "EU Energy Poverty Observatory" based on self-reported items from the pan-European surveys on income and living conditions (SILC) and household budgets (HBS). It is of increasing public interest to analyse social impacts of energy policies, and quantify energy poverty indicators also from modelling. This paper first shortly outlines how the expenditure-based indicators using HBS micro data may be directly linked to existing macroeconomic models through their defining variables (energy expenditure and income). As endogenous modelling based on micro data is difficult, the link may be country-specific elasticities. The main contribution of the paper is a systematic in-depth sensitivity analysis of the two indicators to changes in income and energy expenditure following varying patterns in the underlying distributions of the micro data. The results may be used by future soft links to models. The results display sometimes counterintuitive effects. We find that whether these indicators increase/decrease after a change of income or energy expenditure largely depends on the specific country-wise income and energy expenditure distribution between households on a micro-level. Due to their definition, the examined indicators are especially sensitive, when income changes alter the indicator threshold values, which in these cases are the median values in underlying distributions. We discuss these findings and relate them to several indicator shortcomings and potential remedies through changes in indicator definition.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Towards a more realistic cost-benefit analysis : attempting to integrate transaction costs and energy efficiency services (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: In order to calculate the financial return of energy efficiency measures, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a proven tool for investors. Generally, however, most CBAs for investors have a narrow focus, which is - simply speaking - on investment costs compared with energy cost savings over the life span of the investment. This only provides part of the full picture. Ideally, a comprehensive or extended CBA would take additional benefits as well as additional costs into account. The objective of this paper is to reflect upon integrating into a CBA two important cost components: transaction costs and energy efficiency services - and how they interact. Even though this concept has not been carried out to the knowledge of the authors, we even go a step further to try to apply this idea. In so doing, we carried out a meta-analysis on relevant literature and existing data and interviewed a limited number of energy experts with comprehensive experience in carrying out energy services. Even though data is hardly available, we succeeded in constructing three real-world cases and applied an extended CBA making use of information gathered on transaction costs and energy services costs. We were able to show that, despite these additional cost components, the energy efficiency measures are economically viable. Quantitative data was not available on how energy services reduce transaction costs; more information on this aspect could render our results even more positive. Even though empirical and conceptual research must intensify efforts to design an even more comprehensive CBA, these first-of-its-kind findings can counterargue those that believe energy efficiency is not worth it (in monetary terms) due to transaction costs or energy services costs. In fact, this is good news for energy efficiency and for those that seek to make use of our findings to argue in favor of taking up energy efficiency investments in businesses.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Vom Abfall- zum nachhaltigen Ressourcenmanagement (2021)
    München : Oekom
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Measuring non-financial forms of capital (2021)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This chapter turns to the measurement of performance in delivering corporate and ecosystem purposes. The metrics are designed to capture the pain points in the ecosystem that need to be addressed and the success of the intervention in addressing them. This requires measures of non-financial as well as financial performance. The chapter provides an overview of measurements of non-financial forms of capital: natural, human, and social. In examining natural capital, it contrasts input measures that record the amount of natural resources that are used in the production process and output measures that examine the impact of the inputs on products, emissions, waste, etc. It notes that measuring inputs is in general more straightforward than outputs and it therefore argues that natural capital metrics should be constructed around inputs rather than outputs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Bei welchen Bauteilen ist die Gewinnung hochwertiger Metalle aus Altautos wirtschaftlich? (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-21
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Die politische Ökonomie des Strukturwandels : Konzeptualisierung einer "Just transition" im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: Unser Papier entwickelt Maßnahmen für eine "Just transition"-Governance als Grundlage einer Politischen Ökonomie im Strukturwandel. Für eine Fallstudie im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier wurden sechs Experteninterviews mit Bürgerinitiativen, Gewerkschaften und Vertretern des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen den Bedarf an politischen Maßnahmen in verschiedenen Bereichen auf: Während für die Traditionsfirmen der Braunkohleindustrie und deren Beschäftigten eine Vielzahl von Förderpolitiken entwickelt wurde und wird, erhalten Beschäftigte von Subunternehmen kaum Unterstützung im Strukturwandel. Letztere sind daher einem hohen Risiko ausgesetzt, durch den Ausstieg aus der Kohleförderung ihren Arbeitsplatz zu verlieren. Die Interviews zeigten auch, dass im Rheinischen Braunkohlerevier aufgrund des geltenden Bergbaugesetzes Flächen zu einer knappen Ressource werden könnten. Der Akteurszentrierte Institutionalismus wird genutzt, um Maßnahmen abzuleiten, die den Bedürfnissen der verschiedenen Interessengruppen entsprechen. Abschließend werden Bezüge sowohl zum Transition Management als auch zur Politischen Ökonomie hergestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Ökonomie der Abfallvermeidung (2021)
    München : Oekom
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    A circular economy for the data centre industry : using design methods to address the challenge of whole system sustainability in a unique industrial sector (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The data centre industry (DCI) has grown from zero in the 1980s, to enabling 60% of the global population to be connected in 2021 via 7.2 million data centres. The DCI is based on a linear economy and there is an urgent need to transform to a Circular Economy to establish a secure supply chain and ensure an economically stable and uninterrupted service, which is particularly difficult in an industry that is comprised of ten insular subsectors. This paper describes the CEDaCI project which was established to address the challenge in this unique sector; this ground-breaking project employs a whole systems approach, Design Thinking and the Double Diamond methods, which rely on people/stakeholder engagement throughout. The paper reviews and assesses the impact of these methods and project to date, using quantitative and qualitative research, via an online sectoral survey and interviews with nine data centre and IT industry experts. The results show that the project is creating positive impact and initiating change across the sector and that the innovative output (designs, business models, and a digital tool) will ensure that sectoral transformation continues; the project methods and structure will also serve as an exemplar for other sectors.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Kreislaufwirtschaft in der Elektrofahrradbranche : Untersuchung zur Refabrikation als Lösungsansatz für eine Kreislaufführung von Elektrofahrrädern (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-08
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Circular business models for remanufacturing in the electric bicycle industry (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: The rising popularity and strong increase in the number of electric bicycles make it necessary to consider the built-in resources as well as possible treatments after the use phase. The time lag between the purchase and the occurrence of relevant defects suggests significant increases in defective components. Especially the great dynamics of the market due to regular innovations, product renewals, and the lack of spare parts availability for older models make the long-term use by customers much more difficult than for conventional bicycles. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze circular business models for the electric bicycle market. In this way, the required structures for a sustainable electric bicycle industry can be created so that valuable materials do not go into disposal but undergo a new use phase. Based on the results of "AddRE-Mo-Value Preservation Scenarios for Urban Electromobility of Persons and Loads through Additive Manufacturing and Remanufacturing," a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, this paper addresses four circular business models, two sales models, and two service models. The guiding research interest of this paper is the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing from a business model perspective, analyzing the extent to which additive remanufacturing can be considered a solution for electric bicycles' circularity. After describing the approach and methods used to develop these four circular business models the business models are described and analyzed using the Business Model Canvas. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing can be applied to the electric bicycle market and be integrated into both sales and service models. The description of these business models will help managers design viable business models in the context of sustainable electric bicycles. It also shows that the individual partners within the value chain must collaborate more closely. In the electric bicycle industry, a single company will probably not be able to close the product cycle completely. Further research is needed to develop concepts of the business models and examine their practical feasibility in technical and organizational operations to achieve a circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Abfallvermeidung : die Impulse sind da, die Arbeit liegt noch vor uns! (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Cirkuljarnaja ekonomika : konceptual'nye podchody i instrumenty ich realizacii ; monografija dlja predstavitelej organov gosupravlenija, biznesa i zainteresovannoj obscestvennosti (2021)
    Minsk : Medisont
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Russian
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    Economics of waste prevention : second-hand products in Germany (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: Reuse is still seen as a "niche phenomenon" and consumers seem to waste economic opportunities linked to buying and selling second-hand products. For this reason, this paper focuses on incentives and barriers to sell and buy second-hand products, as indicated in the literature, and applies a theoretical framework of transaction costs to explain the existing consumption patterns. For this paper, a representative online survey was conducted in which 1023 consumers in Germany participated, age 16 and older. The data were analyzed for statistically significant deviations between different groups of economic actors selling or buying second-hand products. Results show that valuable unused products exist in households, but barriers such as uncertainties about the reliability of the buyer or the quality of the product hinder the transition into sustainable consumption. Different forms of transaction costs are important explanatory variables to explain why consumers nevertheless predominantly buy new products, although they are aware that second-hand would save money and make an individual contribution to climate protection.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The growing impact of decentralised actors in power generation : a comparative analysis of the energy transition in Germany and Japan (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: This paper argues that, although Japan's and Germany's energy transition paths differ in detail, a trend towards decentralisation is clearly evident in both countries. Based on comprehensive screening, own stocktaking and the results of a stakeholder dialogue, this paper highlights the motivation for different local actors to enter the energy market in both countries. Although there are challenges to success in a market dominated by large energy companies, this paper argues that the benefits to local communities outweigh the efforts. Overall, it is shown that democratisation and the decentralisation of the energy system are suitable to facilitate a successful transformation process in both countries.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Climate neutrality in business : ten recommendations for implementation (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: More and more companies are announcing their intention to become climate-neutral and numerous companies already offer climate-neutral products or services: From climate-neutral parcel delivery to air travel. But what exactly do the companies' net-zero targets mean? Is the target set ambitious? And what role does offsetting play, i.e., purchasing carbon credits that are accounted against the company's own climate target? The approaches behind the proclaimed targets are often difficult to understand. Against this background, this Zukunftsimpuls provides ten recommendations for the definition and implementation of neutrality targets. Among other things, the authors advocate the use of a robust database as the basis for net-zero targets, emphasize the importance of transparent communication, and highlight the role that offsetting should play. Purchased carbon credits should make as limited a contribution as possible for meeting climate targets and should only be used to offset emissions that cannot be reduced or avoided. More generally, net-zero targets should not be made the sole criterion for ambitious climate strategies. Rather, they are a building block of a much more comprehensive strategy of corporate climate action.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Success factors for the foundation of municipal utilities in Germany (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: More than 150 municipal utilities (so-called Stadtwerke) were established in Germany from the beginning of the millennium, bringing the total number of Stadtwerke currently established within the country to approximately 900. With responsibility for more than half of the supply of electricity, gas and heat in Germany, these Stadtwerke play a central role in the transformation of the energy sector, or Energiewende. In addition, due to their local and regional ties, Stadtwerke have a particular role to play in energy politics, the economy and across society. This article focuses on the motives behind, and grounds for, the current wave of newly established Stadtwerke. Further, it discusses the factors that were critical to the successful formation of new Stadtwerke in recent years. The results of our survey indicate that the establishment of municipal Stadtwerke is a suitable measure to implement the energy transition at the local level, whereby the concept of public value has a high level of importance for the local decision-makers. Collaboration and cooperation, as well as a resilience-oriented strategy, are important success factors for new Stadtwerke.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The circular business framework for building, developing and steering businesses in the circular economy (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The need for a transition towards a circular economy (CE) is evident, as the current economic model is based on the exploitation of far more resources than the planet can replenish sustainably. A significant part of this economic transition is the inception of new, CE-oriented startups and business activities. While business model frameworks (BMF), such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC), were at the center of discussions about structuring business ideas in the beginning of the millennium, the conversation must now shift towards circular BMFs (CBMF). This paper follows the Design Research Methodology (DRM) for an empirical approach to devising a novel CBMF, including expert interviews as well as a first application of the framework with a startup. Throughout this process, a new and innovative tool called Circular Business Framework (CBF) was created and tested based on CE principles.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Branchenstudie Fahrradwirtschaft in Deutschland : Unternehmen, Erwerbstätige, Umsatz (2020)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Als Herausforderung der Verkehrswende werden häufig die möglicherweise wegfallenden Arbeitsplätze diskutiert. Denn die Beschäftigung der Automobilindustrie in Deutschland gilt als wichtiges Argument für einen sozialverträglichen Strukturwandel. Aber auch die Wirtschaftszweige des Umweltverbunds bieten viele Arbeitsplätze. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie des Wuppertal Instituts und des Instituts Arbeit und Technik der Westfälischen Hochschule die Beschäftigtenzahlen in Teilmärkten der Fahrradwirtschaft sowie deren Umsatzentwicklung.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Künstliche Intelligenz in der Siedlungsabfallsortierung als Wegbereiter der Kreislaufwirtschaft (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    An integrated climate-industrial policy as the core of the European green deal (2020)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: The European Union (EU) has established that the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 as a key driver of innovation and growth for industry and the economy in the EU. In addition to offering great opportunities, this also poses considerable challenges for the European economy and, for the most part, for basic industries, which are particularly emission-intensive and face strong international competition. An integrated climate and industry strategy is of central importance to protecting the climate, since the production of steel, cement, basic chemicals, glass, paper, and other materials in the EU and worldwide accounts for roughly one fifth of total greenhouse gas emissions. Even in a greenhouse gas-neutral future, we will not be able to fully eliminate our need for these materials. At the same time, it is particularly challenging to produce these materials without creating emissions given the state of technology and the necessary infrastructures. This applies above all to the question of how large amounts of green energy, including electricity and hydrogen, can be produced at competitive prices. Analyses show that despite the considerable costs involved in process changeover, the costs of transforming the raw materials industry are acceptable to society as a whole, given that the additional costs usually only increase the price of the end products by a few percentage points. However, in the case of crude steel or cement, the price would increase by between one third and 100 per cent. Since almost all raw materials manufacturers face strong global market competition, in most cases they are not able to bankroll the investments in climate-neutral production and the required energy infrastructure without outside support. This paper outlines an integrated climate industrial policy package that allows the EU to utilise its existing technological leadership in many of these industries to build a greenhouse gas-neutral raw materials industry.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Surviving the energy transition : development of a proposal for evaluating sustainable business models for incumbents in Germany's electricity market (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In the light of Germany's chosen path towards the energy transition, the regulatory framework has changed considerably. New players have succeeded in entering the market, and renewable energies have become increasingly competitive. Greater electrification of the transport and heating sectors will be needed in the future to achieve national climate targets. Against this background, Germany's big energy companies need to be sure that their sales will increase. However, they were unable to anticipate this development, and made strategic mistakes in the past. The development of sustainable business models in line with the energy transition failed to materialize. Now it is becoming increasingly clear that companies must create new business models to survive in the long term. These business models have to keep with the tradition, whilst meeting the needs of low-carbon power supplies. In this paper, we will examine the past and future challenges of the four energy companies and develop a proposal for evaluating sustainable business models. For this purpose, we use the multi-level perspective to categorize developments in the electricity market over the last 50 years, and then apply a multi-criteria analysis to derive five suitable business models from the results.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Effectiveness and efficiency of food-waste prevention policies, circular economy, and food industry (2020)
    London : Academic Press
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Kunststoffabfälle von Verpackungen und Einwegprodukten durch Multi-Akteurs-Partnerschaften verringern (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Zirkuläres Wirtschaften auf Produktebene : Überblick und Analyse bestehender Indikatoren (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Abfallvermeidung : es tut sich was! (2020)
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    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Topology, typology, and dynamics of commons-based peer production : on platforms, actors, and innovation in the maker movement (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: In this paper, we aim to present a comprehensive analysis on the emerging phenomenon of distributed innovation in commons-based peer production (CBPP) platforms. Starting with the exploration of the widely held belief on value-creation confined to industrial settings, we raise several questions regarding the feasibility of, and a need for, an inclusive innovation process that can tap grassroots capacity into both traditional (industrial research and development) and emerging (peer-to-peer) innovation models to yield sustainable solutions. In particular, we explore the emergence and structuration of digital innovations in the maker movement, as it presents an alternative construct of innovation wherein access to and sharing of knowledge is predominantly distributed. With innovation outcomes often freely revealed, its very structuration could pose a principal challenge to our conceptualizations of value creation and competitive advantage in the current economic model. Drawing from responses received from 200 collaborative innovation platforms, six semi‐structured interviews focusing on socio-technical innovation cases, as well as four in-depth narrative interviews with maker turned entrepreneurs, we present a detailed analysis on the topology of network, typology of actors, as well as the underlying innovation ecosystem in CBPP networks in Germany. In doing so, we contribute to the conceptualization of peer-to-peer distributed innovations in collaborative platforms.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Die Landeshauptstadt Kiel auf dem Weg zur ersten deutschen Zero.Waste.City (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
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    Ausweg aus dem Einweg? : Auswirkungen der Coronakrise auf das Verpackungsaufkommen in Deutschland (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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    Back to the Future: Surveying the Northern Hemisphere and Reprocessing the Southern TESS Data Set (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-22
    Description: TESS launched 18 April 2018 to conduct a two-year, near all-sky survey for at least 50 small, nearby exoplanets for which masses can be ascertained and whose atmospheres can be characterized by ground- and space-based follow-on observations. TESS has completed its survey of the southern hemisphere and begun its survey of the northern hemisphere, identifying 〉1000 candidate exoplanets and unveiling a plethora of exciting non-exoplanet astrophysics results, such as asteroseismology, asteroids, and supernova. The TESS Science Processing Operations Center (SPOC) processes the data downlinked every two weeks to generate a range of data products hosted at the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). For each sector (~1 month) of observations, the SPOC calibrates the image data for both 30-min Full Frame Images (FFIs) and up to 20,000 pre-selected 2-min target star postage stamps. Data products for the 2-min targets include simple aperture photometry and systematic error-corrected flux time series. The SPOC also conducts searches for transiting exoplanets in the 2-min data for each sector and generates Data Validation time series and associated reports for each transit-like feature identified in the search. Multi-sector searches for exoplanets are conducted periodically to discover longer period planets, including those in the James Webb Continuous Viewing Zone (CVZ), which are observed for up to one year. Starting with Sector 8, scattered light from the Earth and Moon contaminated significant portions of the data in each orbit. We have developed algorithms for automated identification of the scattered light features at the individual target level. Previously, data for all stars on a CCD affected by scattered light were manually excluded. The automated flagging will allow us to retain significantly more data for stars that are not affected by the scattered light even though it is occurring elsewhere on the CCD. We also discuss enhancements to the SPOC pipeline and the newly available FFI light curves. The TESS Mission is funded by NASA's Science Mission Directorate as an Astrophysics Explorer Mission.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN76812 , American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 04, 2020 - Jan 08, 2020; Honolulu, HI; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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    HabEx Baseline Telescope: Design & Predicted Performance (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-21
    Description: Habitable Exoplanet Observatory Mission (HabEx) will image & spectroscopically characterize planetary systems in the habitable zone around nearby sun-like stars. Additionally, HabEx will perform a broad range of general astrophysics science enabled by a 150 to 1700 nm spectral range and 3 x 3 arc-minute FOV. Critical to achieving the HabEx science goals is a large, ultra-stable telescope. The baseline HabEx telescope is a 4-m off-axis unobscured three-mirror-anastigmatic design with diffraction limited performance at 400 nm and wavefront stability of picometers per mK. These specifications are driven by science requirements. STOP (structural thermal optical performance) analysis predicts that the baseline telescopes opto-mechanical design meets its specified performance tolerances.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN75627 , American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 04, 2020 - Jan 08, 2020; Honolulu, HI; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 75
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    QualifiCation of the Flight Heaters for the NEXT-C Hollow Cathodes (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-18
    Description: After successful validation of the design, swaged cathode heaters have been delivered by the NASA Glenn Research Center to Aerojet Rocketdyne for the fabrication of the NEXT-C ion thruster . NASA Glenn Research Center re-established and validated process controls as well as completed cyclic life testing of development heaters. Following an extensive requalification program, fabrication of a flight batch of heaters was executed using the qualified process controls. Of the 28 heaters fabricated in this flight batch, a set of six heaters were acceptance and cyclic tested to verify conformance with operational requirements. Upon completion of 200 percent of the NEXT-C cyclic requirement, the heater batch was certified by NASA for use in the flight hollow cathodes. Nine heaters from the batch of 28 were provided to Aerojet Rocketdyne in early 2018 for cathode fabrication. This paper summarizes the acceptance and cyclic life testing of the flight heaters and preliminary findings of post-test analyses.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA/TM-2020-219454 , E-19773 , AIAA Paper–2019–4167 , GRC-E-DAA-TN72218 , Propulsion and Energy Forum and Exposition; Aug 19, 2019 - Aug 22, 2019; Indianapolis, IN; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 76
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    MoonBEAM A Beyond Earth-Orbit GRB Detector for Multi-Messenger Astronomy (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-15
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN76756 , American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 04, 2020 - Jan 08, 2020; Honolulu, HI; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 77
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    Evidence of Counter-Streaming Ions near the Inner Pole of the HERMeS Hall Thruster (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-18
    Description: NASA is continuing the development of a 12.5-kW Hall thruster system to support a phased exploration concept to expand human presence to cis-lunar space and eventually to Mars. The development team is transitioning knowledge gained from the testing of the government-built Technology Development Unit (TDU) to the contractor-built Engineering Test Unit (ETU). A new laser-induced fluorescence diagnostic was developed to obtain data for validating the Hall thruster models and for comparing the behavior of the ETU and TDU. Analysis of TDU LIF data obtained during initial deployment of the diagnostics revealed evidence of two streams of ions moving in opposite directions near the inner front pole. These two streams of ions were found to intersect the downstream surface of the front pole at large oblique angles. This data points to a possible explanation for why the erosion rate of polished pole covers were observed to decrease over the course of several hundred hours of thruster operation.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA/TM-2020-220452 , GRC-E-DAA-TN72248
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 78
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    The High Energy Detection of GRB 190114C with Swift and Fermi (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-16
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN76707 , American Astronomical Society Meeting; Jan 04, 2020 - Jan 08, 2020; Honolulu, HI; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 79
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    Towards a new kind of technological progress (2004)
    Cheltenham : Elgar | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 80
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    Sustainable development and collective learning : theory and a European case study (2004)
    Bruges : College of Europe | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 81
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    Towards sustainable production and consumption : preparedness for product service system concept (2004)
    Tokyo : Soc. of Non-Traditional Technology | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 82
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    Towards sustainable banks and insurance companies (2004)
    Sheffield : Greenleaf | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 83
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    Symposium "Governance of markets for sustainability" : conference in the Japanese-German policy dialogue on environmental issues ; October 13-14, 2003 (2004)
    München : Iudicium-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Memorandum Nachhaltige Informationsgesellschaft (2004)
    Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 85
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    The use of eco-labeling like initiatives on food products to promote quality assurance : is there enough credibility? (2004)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: The development of this paper was inspired by the increase in the number of different eco-label like quality assurance schemes established in the European Union in the past few years. These schemes are flooding the market and the researchers raise the question, is there enough credibility in these schemes? This piece of research is based on 58 eco-labeling like food schemes and dissects them into the building blocks of the different factors that makes a scheme credible and analyses the structure of these blocks as well as a literature survey on the perceptions of both the consumers and producers to these schemes. The sort of credibility structure that the building blocks of the schemes (ownership, stakeholder dialogue, traceability, transparency, etc.) have created was discussed and it was questioned if they meet the expectations of the consumers. The main findings of the research indicate that although small groups of consumers may be satisfied with a number of the different schemes, the majority of them fall short of providing a credible quality assurance scheme. Improvements were suggested such as involving a more diverse range of stakeholders and expanding the responsibility of processors and retailers. An alternative to the current form of labeling is also discussed.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Governance of new technologies for innovations towards sustainability (2004)
    Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Care-Projekt erfolgreich abgeschlossen (2004)
    Hamburg : Bundesdt. Arbeitskreis für Umweltbewusstes Management | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 88
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    Wie man das MIPS-Konzept in seinem Unternehmen einführt (2004)
    Stuttgart : Hirzel | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 89
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    Care - Computer aided resource efficiency (2004)
    Sheffield : Greenleaf | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 90
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    Maßschuhe oder Massenschuhe? : Warum sich die Umwelt freut, wenn viele Schuster bei ihren Leisten bleiben? (2004)
    Stuttgart : Hirzel | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 91
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    Realismus statt Worst Case : Windenergie und Arbeitsplätze 2 (2004)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: Selbstverständlich schafft Windenergie Arbeitsplätze. Betrachtet man die Studie des Bremer Energie-Institutes näher, so zeigen sich einige methodische Schwächen und wenig plausible Annahmen. Von einer "nüchternen Analyse" kann deswegen nicht gesprochen werden.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 92
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    Vycislenija MIPS : resursnaja produktivnost produkcii i uslug (2004)
    Sankt Petersburg : SPbGUNiPT | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-30
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Russian
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  • 93
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    Outlook on a future research agenda (2004)
    München : Iudicium-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    ICT-Bereitstellung : der materielle Lebenszyklus der Internetinfrastruktur (2004)
    Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-IRB-Verl. | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 95
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    Internetangebot für die Textilbranche (2004)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 96
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    Bridging the data gap (2004)
    Cheltenham : Elgar | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 97
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    Sustainable business and consumption strategies (2004)
    Cheltenham : Elgar | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-23
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 98
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    Eko-effektivnost kak instrument upravlenija : prepjatstvija i prakticeskoe primenenie v permanii (2004)
    Sankt Petersburg : SPbGUNiPT | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: Russian
    Type: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 99
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    High 5! : Communicating your business success through sustainability reporting ; a guide for small and not so small businesses (2004)
    Amsterdam : Global Reporting Initiative | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-28
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 100
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    Advances in energy forecasting models based on engineering economics (2004)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Description: New energy efficiency policies have been introduced around the world. Historically, most energy models were reasonably equipped to assess the impact of classical policies, such as a subsidy or change in taxation. However, these tools are often insufficient to assess the impact of alternative policy instruments. We evaluate the so-called engineering economic models used to assess future industrial energy use. Engineering economic models include the level of detail commonly needed to model the new types of policies considered. We explore approaches to improve the realism and policy relevance of engineering economic modeling frameworks. We also explore solutions to strengthen the policy usefulness of engineering economic analysis that can be built from a framework of multidisciplinary cooperation. The review discusses the main modeling approaches currently used and evaluates the weaknesses in current models. We focus on the needs to further improve the models. We identify research priorities for the modeling framework, technology representation in models, policy evaluation, and modeling of decision-making behavior.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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