ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Unbekannt

Supporting the Development of Procedures for Communications During Volcanic Emergencies: Lessons Learnt from the Canary Islands (Spain) and Etna and Stromboli (Italy) (2017)

Solana, M. C. ; Calvari, Sonia ; Kilburn, C. R. J. ; [weitere]

Springer

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-18

Beschreibung: Volcanic crises are complex and especially challenging to manage. Volcanic unrest is characterised by uncertainty about whether an eruption will or will not take place, as well as its possible location, size and evolution. Planning is further complicated by the range of potential hazards and the variety of disciplines involved in forecasting and responding to volcanic emergencies. Effective management is favoured at frequently active volcanoes, owing to the experience gained through the repeated ‘testing’ of systems of communication. Even when plans have not been officially put in place, the groups involved tend to have an understanding of their roles and responsibilities and those of others. Such experience is rarely available at volcanoes that have been quiescent for several generations. Emergency responses are less effective, not only because of uncertainties about the volcanic system itself, but also because scientists, crisis directors, managers and the public are inexperienced in volcanic unrest. In such situations, tensions and misunderstandings result in poor communication and have the potential to affect decision making and delay vital operations. Here we compare experiences on communi- cating information during crises on volcanoes reawakening after long repose (El Hierro in the Canary Islands) and in frequent eruption (Etna and Stromboli in Sicily). The results provide a basis for enhancing commu- nication protocols during volcanic emergencies.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1-17

Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio

Beschreibung: N/A or not JCR

Schlagwort(e): Etna volcano ; Stromboli volcano ; Canary Islands ; volcanic emergencies ; communication ; volcanic crisis ; Procedures for Communications During Volcanic Emergencies ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: book chapter

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

2

Unbekannt

First In-Situ Measurements of Plume Chemistry at Mount Garet Volcano, Island of Gaua (Vanuatu) (2020)

Nogueira Lages, Joao Pedro ; Moussallam, Yves ; Bani, Philipson ; [weitere]

MDPI

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-25

Beschreibung: Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and their chemical imprints. Here, we report on the first plume chemistry data for Mount Garet, on the island of Gaua, one of the few persistent volatile emitters along the Vanuatu arc. Data were collected with a multi-component gas analyzer system (multi-GAS) during a field campaign in December 2018. The average volcanic gas chemistry is characterized by mean molar CO2/SO2, H2O/SO2, H2S/SO2 and H2/SO2 ratios of 0.87, 47.2, 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. Molar proportions in the gas plume are estimated at 95.9 11.6, 1.8 0.5, 2.0 0.01, 0.26 0.02 and 0.06 0.01, for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2. Using the satellite-based 10-year (2005–2015) averaged SO2 flux of ~434 t d􀀀1 for Mt. Garet, we estimate a total volatile output of about 6482 t d􀀀1 (CO2 ~259 t d􀀀1; H2O ~5758 t d􀀀1; H2S ~30 t d􀀀1; H2 ~0.5 t d􀀀1). This may be representative of a quiescent, yet persistent degassing period at Mt. Garet; whilst, as indicated by SO2 flux reports for the 2009–2010 unrest, emissions can be much higher during eruptive episodes. Our estimated emission rates and gas composition for Mount Garet provide insightful information on volcanic gas signatures in the northernmost part of the Vanuatu Arc Segment. The apparent CO2-poor signature of high-temperature plume degassing at Mount Garet raises questions on the nature of sediments being subducted in this region of the arc and the possible role of the slab as the source of subaerial CO2. In order to better address the dynamics of along-arc volatile recycling, more volcanic gas surveys are needed focusing on northern Vanuatu volcanoes.

Beschreibung: This research was conducted as part of the Trail by Fire II—Closing the Ring Project (PI: Y. Moussallam) funded by the National Geographic Society (grant number CP-122R-17), the Rolex Awards for Enterprise and the French national Research Institute for Development (IRD). J.L. also acknowledges travel funding support from Ministero dell’istruzione, dell’università e della ricerca (MIUR;) under grant n. PRIN2017-2017LMNLAW).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: id 7293

Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Vanuatu ; Gaua ; Mount Garet ; Multi-GAS ; volcanic gas composition ; volatile fluxes ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

3

Unbekannt

Characterisation of the magmatic signature in gas emissions from Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica (2020)

Moussallam, Yves ; Peters, Nial ; Ramirez, Carlos ; [weitere]

EGU - Copernicus

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2020-11-25

Beschreibung: The equilibrium composition of volcanic gaseswith their magma is often overprinted by interaction with ashallow hydrothermal system. Identifying the magmatic sig-nature of volcanic gases is critical to relate their composi-tion to properties of the magma (temperature,fO2, gas-meltsegregation depth). We report measurements of the chemi-cal composition and flux of the major gas species emittedfrom Turrialba Volcano during March 2013. Measurementswere made of two vents in the summit region, one of whichopened in 2010 and the other in 2012. We determined an av-erage SO2flux of 5.2±1.9 kg s−1using scanning ultravio-let spectroscopy, and molar proportions of H2O, CO2, SO2,HCl, CO and H2gases of 94.16, 4.03, 1.56, 0.23, 0.003 and0.009 % respectively by open-path Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrometry and a multi-species gas-sensing system.Together, these data imply fluxes of 88, 8, 0.44, 5×10−3and1×10−3kg s−1for H2O, CO2, HCl, CO and H2respectively.Although H2S was detected, its concentration could not beresolved. HF was not detected. The chemical signature of thegas from both vents was found to be broadly similar. Follow-ing the opening of the 2010 and 2012 vents we found limitedto negligible interaction of the magmatic gas with the hy-drothermal system has occurred and the gas composition ofthe volcanic plume is broadly representative of equilibriumwith the magma. The time evolution of the gas composition,the continuous emission of large quantities of SO2, and thephysical evolution of the summit area with new vent open-ings and more frequent eruptions all point towards a continu-ous drying of the hydrothermal system at Turrialba’s summitat an apparently increasing rate.

Beschreibung: This research was supported by the RoyalGeographical Society (with IBG) with a Geographical FieldworkGrant. Y. Moussallam and N. Peters were additionally supportedby the Philip Lake funds from the Department of Geography,University of Cambridge. Y. Moussallam acknowledges a researchgrant from Mazamas and support through ERC project #279790.We thank the NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility for the loanof their infrared spectrometer. A. Aiuppa acknowledges supportthrough ERC grant no. 305377 (BRIDGE)

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1341–1350

Beschreibung: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): volcanic degassing ; Multi-GAS ; UV spectroscopy ; FTIR ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

4

Unbekannt

Continuous monitoring of CO2 and H2S air concentration and soil CO2 flux survey for gas hazard assessment at Tor Caldara nature reserve (Anzio, Italy). (2020)

Carapezza, Maria Luisa ; Tarchini, Luca ; Ranaldi, Massimo ; [weitere]

INGV

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2020-12-10

Beschreibung: Tor Caldara natural reserve hosts the southernmost discharge of endogenous gas of Colli Albani volcano (mostly CO2 with a relevant H2S content up to 6.3 vol.%). Gas discharges in zones where past sulfur mining removed the impervious surficial cover (e.g. Miniera Grande and Miniera Piccola) and along tectonic fissures. A structural study of the reserve has shown the presence of two zones with different characteristics: prevailing directions NS and N30° in the northern zone; EW and N60° in the southern one. In MarchJuly 2012 a geochemical study was carried out, including a soil CO2 flux survey and continuous monitoring (from 2 to 11 days) of air concentration of CO2 and H2S in 12 sites of the reserve. Environmental parameters were also monitored. Total diffuse soil flux of endogenous CO2 was estimated to 17.48 ton*day1 from 1,259 measurements over a 0.47 km2 surface, with 6.56 ton*day1 only from Miniera Grande. This is the second highest value of soil CO2 flux at Miniera Grande, after that of 2005 (9.25 ton*day1) and is significantly higher than in 2009 (1.20 ton*day1). As both the 2005 and 2012 surveys were made shortly after earthquakes with epicentres near to Tor Caldara (max ML= 4.7 in 2005 and 3.5 in 2012), data confirm that soil CO2 flux increases during earthquakes because of seismic rock microfracturing and soil shaking. Hazardous air concentrations have been found only for H2S, up to immediately lethal values (5651,124 ppm) and with potentially lethal values (≥ 250 ppm) long persisting (up to 12h27’) in several no wind nights. Instead, the CO2 air concentration remained always well below dangerous levels (maximum recorded value = 2.1 vol.%). The most hazardous gas releasing sites were found in Miniera Grande and in a small pond NE of Miniera Piccola, where the carcasses of mammals and other small animals are frequently found. The killer gas is H2S, and the dangerous sites should be appropriately fenced to prevent access to people and animals.

Beschreibung: Regione Lazio Civil Protection Department

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 1-48

Beschreibung: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Tor Caldara gas hazard assessment; Soil CO2 flux; CO2 and H2S air concentration monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

5

Unbekannt

Strain Pattern and Kinematics of the Canary Islands from GNSS Time Series Analysis (2021)

Arnoso, Jose ; Riccardi, Umberto ; Benavent, Maite ; [weitere]

MDPI

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-04

Beschreibung: Following the 2004 seismic unrest at Tenerife and the 2011–2012 submarine eruption at El Hierro, the number of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observation sites in the Canary Islands (Spain) has increased, offering scientists a useful tool with which to infer the kinematics and present-day surface deformation of the Canary sector of the Atlantic Ocean. We take advantage of the common-mode component filtering technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the velocities retrieved from the daily solutions of 18 permanent GNSS stations distributed in the Canaries. The analysis of GNSS time series spanning the period 2011–2017 enabled us to characterize major regions of deformation along the archipelago through the mapping of the 2D infinitesimal strain field. By applying the triangular segmentation approach to GNSS velocities, we unveil a variable kinematic behaviour within the islands. The retrieved extension pattern shows areas of maximum deformation west of Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura. For the submarine main seismogenic fault between Tenerife and Gran Canaria, we simulated the horizontal deformation and strain due to one of the strongest (mbLg 5.2) earthquakes of the region. The seismic areas between islands, mainly offshore Tenerife and Gran Canaria, seem mainly influenced by the regional tectonic stress, not the local volcanic activity. In addition, the analysis of the maximum shear strain confirms that the regional stress field influences the E–W and NE–SW tectonic lineaments, which, in accordance with the extensional and compressional tectonic regimes identified, might favour episodes of volcanism in the Canary Islands.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3297

Beschreibung: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva

Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): GNSS time series ; kinematics and ground deformation ; Canary Islands ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.03. Geodesy ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

6

Unbekannt

New strategies for vertical transport in chemistry transport models: application to the case of the Mount Etna eruption on 18 March 2012 with CHIMERE v2017r4 (2021)

Lachatre, Mathieu ; Mailler, Sylvain ; Menut, Laurent ; [weitere]

EGU - Copernicus

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-19

Beschreibung: Excessive numerical diffusion is one of the major limitations in the representation of long-range transport by chemistry transport models. In the present study, we focus on excessive diffusion in the vertical direction, which has been shown to be a major issue, and we explore three possible ways of addressing this problem: increasing the vertical resolution, using an advection scheme with anti-diffusive properties and more accurately representing the vertical wind. This study was carried out using the CHIMERE chemistry transport model for the 18 March 2012 eruption of Mount Etna, which released about 3 kt of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere in a plume that was observed by satellite instruments (the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer instrument, IASI, and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument, OMI) for several days. The change from the classical Van Leer (1977) scheme to the Després and Lagoutière (1999) anti-diffusive scheme in the vertical direction was shown to provide the largest improvement to model outputs in terms of preserving the thin plume emitted by the volcano. To a lesser extent, the improved representation of the vertical wind field was also shown to reduce plume dispersion. Both of these changes helped to reduce vertical diffusion in the model as much as a brute-force approach (increasing vertical resolution).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5707–5723

Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

7

Unbekannt

Temperature and Emissivity Separation ‘Draping’ Algorithm Applied to Hyperspectral Infrared Data (2021)

Lombardo, Valerio ; Pick, Leonie ; Spinetti, Claudia ; [weitere]

MDPI

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-03

Beschreibung: In the presented work, the spectral emissivity of basaltic melts at magmatic temperatures was retrieved in a laboratory-controlled experiment by measuring their spectral radiance. Granulated bombs of Etnean basalts were melted and the radiant energy from the melting surface was recorded by a portable spectroradiometer in the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral range between 1500 and 2500 nm. The Draping algorithm, an improved algorithm for temperature and emissivity separation, was applied for the first time to SWIR hyperspectral data in order to take into account the non-uniform temperature distribution of the melt surface and, at the same time, solving the two temperatures and the spectral emissivity. The results have been validated by comparing our results with the emissivity measured at a "lava simulator". Basalt spectral emissivity does not vary significantly at magmatic temperature, but shows an absorption feature in the range 2180–2290 nm, an atmospheric window pivotal for the IR remote sensing of active volcanoes

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 2046

Beschreibung: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): temperature–emissivity separation ; Draping ; thermal remote sensing ; Lab experiment ; 04.08. Volcanology ; solid Earth

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

8

Unbekannt

Volcanic CO2 seep geochemistry and use in understanding ocean acidification (2021)

Aiuppa, Alessandro ; Hall-Spencer, J. M. ; Milazzo, M. ; [weitere]

Springer

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2021-02-03

Beschreibung: Ocean acidification is one of the most dramatic effects of the massive atmospheric release of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) that has occurred since the Industrial Revolution, although its effects on marine ecosystems are not well understood. Submarine volcanic hydrothermal fields have geochemical conditions that provide opportunities to characterise the effects of elevated levels of seawater CO2 on marine life in the field. Here, we review the geochemical aspects of shallow marine CO2-rich seeps worldwide, focusing on both gas composition and water chemistry. We then describe the geochemical effects of volcanic CO2 seepage on the overlying seawater column. We also present new geochemical data and the first synthesis of marine biological community changes from one of the best-studied marine CO2 seep sites in the world (off Vulcano Island, Sicily). In areas of intense bubbling, extremely high levels of pCO2 ([10,000 latm) result in low seawater pH (\6) and undersaturation of aragonite and calcite in an area devoid of calcified organisms such as shelled molluscs and hard corals. Around 100–400 m away from the Vulcano seeps the geochemistry of the seawater becomes analogous to future ocean acidification conditions with dissolved carbon dioxide levels falling from 900 to 420 latm as seawater pH rises from 7.6 to 8.0. Calcified species such as coralline algae and sea urchins fare increasingly well as sessile communities shift from domination by a few resilient species (such as uncalcified algae and polychaetes) to a diverse and complex community (including abundant calcified algae and sea urchins) as the seawater returns to ambient levels of CO2. Laboratory advances in our understanding of species sensitivity to high CO2 and low pH seawater, reveal how marine organisms react to simulated ocean acidification conditions (e.g., using energetic tradeoffs for calcification, reproduction, growth and survival). Research at volcanic marine seeps, such as those off Vulcano, highlight consistent ecosystem responses to rising levels of seawater CO2, with the simplification of food webs, losses in functional diversity and reduced provisioning of goods and services for humans.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 93–115

Beschreibung: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Calcifying species , Ecosystem effects, Natural analogues, Submarine hydrothermalism ; 03. Hydrosphere ; 03.04. Chemical and biological ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink

	Standort	Signatur	Erwartet	Verfügbarkeit

Andere fanden auch interessant ...

ARTIKEL (OA)

S·F·X

PDF

Volltext

9

Unbekannt

Overflows and Pyroclastic Density Currents in March-April 2020 at Stromboli Volcano Detected by Remote Sensing and Seismic Monitoring Data (2020)

Calvari, Sonia ; Di Traglia, Federico ; Ganci, Gaetana ; [weitere]

MDPI

zur Merkliste hinzufügen auf der Merkliste

Details

Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-16

Beschreibung: Between 28 March and 1 April 2020, Stromboli volcano erupted, with overflows from the NE crater rim spreading along the barren Sciara del Fuoco slope and reaching the sea along the NW coast of the island. Poor weather conditions did not allow a detailed observation of the crater zone through the cameras monitoring network, but a clear view of the lower slope and the flows expanding in the area allowed us to characterize the flow features. This evidence was integrated with satellite, GBInSAR, and seismic data, thus enabling a reconstruction of the whole volcanic event, which involved several small collapses of the summit cone and the generation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) spreading along the slope and on the sea surface. Satellite monitoring allowed for the mapping of the lava flow field and the quantification of the erupted volume, and GBInSAR continuous measurements detected the crater widening and the deflation of the summit cone caused by the last overflow. The characterization of the seismicity made it possible to identify the signals that are associated with the propagation of PDCs along the volcano flank and, for the first time, to recognize the signal that is produced by the impact of the PDCs on the coast.

Beschreibung: This work has been financially supported by the “Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri—Dipartimento della Protezione Civile” (Presidency of the Council of Ministers–Department of Civil Protection) (DPC-UNIFI Agreement 2019–2021; Scientific Responsibility: N.C.); this publication, however, does not necessarily reflect the position and the official policies of the Department. Additional funds for paper publication have been provided by INGV-OE.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 3010

Beschreibung: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio

Beschreibung: JCR Journal

Schlagwort(e): Stromboli ; Volcanic hazard ; Volcanic hazard assessment ; Multidisciplinary data integration ; Stromboli Volcano monitoring ; 04.08. Volcanology

Repository-Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)

Materialart: article

Permalink