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  • Nature Publishing Group  (13,583)
  • ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
  • 2020-2023  (17)
  • 2020-2020
  • 2005-2009  (13,583)
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  • 1
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    A simple Lagrangian model to simulate temporal variability of algae in the Elbe River (2009)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Modelling, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 220(18), pp. 2173-2186, ISSN: 0304-3800
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: We present a five-year (1997-2001) numerical simulation of daily mean chlorophyll a concentrations at station Geesthacht Weir on the lower Elbe River (Germany) using an extremely simple Lagrangian model driven by (a) water discharge, global radiation, water temperature, and (b) silica observations at station Schmilka in the upper reach of the Elbe River. Notwithstanding the lack of many mechanistic details, the model is able to reproduce observed chlorophyll a variability surprisingly well, including a number of sharp valleys and ascents/descents in the observed time series. The model's success is based on the assumption of three key effects: prevailing light conditions, sporadic limitation of algal growth due to lack of silica and algae loss rates that increase above an empirically specified temperature threshold of 20 degrees C. Trimmed-down model versions are studied to analyse the model's success in terms of these mechanisms. In each of the five years the model consistently fails, however, to properly simulate characteristic steep increases of chlorophyll a concentrations after pronounced spring minima. Curing this model deficiency by global model re-calibration was found to be impossible. However, suspension of silica consumption by algae for up to 10 days in spring is shown to serve as a successful placeholder for processes that are disregarded in the model but apparently play an important role in the distinctly marked period of model failure. For the remainder of the year the very simple model was found to be adequate
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 2
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    Calibration and uncertainty analysis of a simple model of silica-limited diatom growth in the Elbe River. (2008)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Modelling, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 213(2), pp. 229-244, ISSN: 0304-3800
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-16
    Description: A simple Lagrangian water quality model was designed to investigate the hypothesis of sporadic silica limitations of diatom growth in the lower Elbe River in Germany. For each fluid parcel a limited reservoir of silica was specified to be consumed by diatoms. The model's simplicity notwithstanding, a set of six selected model parameters could not be fully identified from existing observations at one station. After the introduction of prior knowledge of the ranges of meaningful parameter values, calibration of the over-parameterised model manifested itself primarily in the generation of posterior parameter covariances. Estimations of the covariance matrix based on (a) second order partial derivatives of a quadratic cost function at its optimum and (b) Monte Carlo simulations exploring the whole space of parameter values gave consistent results. Diagonalisation of the covariance matrix yielded two linear parameter combinations that were most effectively controlled by data from periods with and without lack of silica, respectively. The two parameter combinations were identified as the essential inputs that govern the successful simulation of intermittently decreasing chlorophyll a concentrations in summer. A satisfactory simulation of the pronounced chlorophyll a minimum in spring, by contrast, was found to be beyond the means of the simple model.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    A late Quaternary lake record from the Qilian Mountains (NW China): lake level and salinity changes inferred from sediment properties and ostracod assemblages (2005)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, ISSN: 0921-8181
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-23
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Acoustic facies on the inner Kara Sea Shelf: implications for late Weichselian to Holocene sediment dynamics (2008)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Marine Geology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 254(3-4), pp. 197-215, ISSN: 0025-3227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We studied the impact of the last glacial (late Weichselian) sea level cycle on sediment architecture in theinner Kara Sea using high-resolution acoustic sub-bottom profiling. The acoustic lines were ground-truthedwith dated sediment cores. Furthermore we refined the location of the eastern LGM ice margin, by new subbottom profiles. New model results of post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) isostatic rebound for this area allowa well-constrained interpretation of acoustic units in terms of sequence stratigraphy. The lowstand (orregressive) system tract sediments are absent but are represented by an unconformity atop of Pleistocenesediments on the shelf and by a major incised dendritic paleo-river network. The subsequent transgressiveand highstand system tracts are best preserved in the incised channels and the recent estuaries while onlyminor sediment accumulation on the adjacent shelf areas is documented. The Kara Sea can be subdividedinto three areas: estuaries (A), the shelf (B) and (C) deeper lying areas that accumulated a total of 114 x1010 t of Holocene sediments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 5
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    Sediment oxygen consumption: Role in the global marine carbon cycle (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Earth-Science Reviews, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 228, pp. 103987, ISSN: 0012-8252
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: The seabed plays a key role in the marine carbon cycle as a) the terminal location of aerobic oxidation of organic matter, b) the greatest anaerobic bioreactor, and c) the greatest repository for reactive organic carbon on Earth. We compiled data on the oxygen uptake of marine sediments with the objective to understand the constraints on mineralization rates of deposited organic matter and their relation to key environmental parameters. The compiled database includes nearly 4000 O 2 uptake data and is available as supplementary material. It includes also information on bottom water O 2 concentration, O 2 penetration depth, geographic position, water depth, and full information on the data sources. We present the different in situ and ex situ approaches to measure the total oxygen uptake (TOU) and the diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) of sediments and discuss their robustness towards methodological errors and statistical uncertainty. We discuss O 2 transport through the benthic and diffusive boundary layers, the diffusion- and fauna-mediated O 2 uptake, and the coupling of aerobic respiration to anaerobic processes. Five regional examples are presented to illustrate the diversity of the seabed: Eutrophic seas, oxygen minimum zones, abyssal plains, mid-oceanic gyres, and hadal trenches. A multiple correlation analysis shows that seabed O 2 uptake is primarily controlled by ocean depth and sea surface primary productivity. The O2 penetration depth scales with the DOU according to a power law that breaks down under the abyssal ocean gyres. The developed multiple correlation model was used to draw a global map of seabed O2 uptake rates. Respiratory coefficients, differentiated for depth regions of the ocean, were used to convert the global O 2 uptake to organic carbon oxidation. The resulting global budget shows an oxidation of 212 Tmol C yr − 1 in marine sediments with a 5-95% confidence interval of 175-260 Tmol C yr − 1 . A comparison with the global flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) from photic surface waters to the deep sea, determined from multiple sediment trap studies, suggests a deficit in the sedimentation flux at 2000 m water depth of about 70% relative to the carbon turnover in the underlying seabed. At the ocean margins, the flux of organic carbon from rivers and from vegetated coastal ecosystems contributes greatly to the budget and may even exceed the phytoplankton production on the inner continental shelf.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 6
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    Effect of cold storage upon eggs of the calaniod copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana) and their offspring (2006)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Aquaculture, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 254(1-4), pp. 714-729, ISSN: 0044-8486
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-25
    Description: For most fish species raised in marine aquaculture, the use of live feeds cannot be replaced by formulated diets. Artemia nauplii and rotifers are still the most commonly used live feeds. A good alternative lies in the use of copepods which could lead to the cultivation of new fish species. Cold stored subitaneous eggs from the continuously cultured calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa were used to investigate the effect of storage upon the viability of the eggs, the development of the copepod community originating from the cold stored eggs. Finally a 3 days snapshot of the egg production of the first generation of females was followed. This was done in order to develop a database usable within copepod dependent hatcheries. The viability of cold stored A. tonsa eggs remained high (〉 70% hatching rate) for 11 months of storage. Generally, the period of storage was observed to decrease the viability (hatching rate) of the eggs and no hatching was observed after twenty months of cold storage. Hatched populations of copepods experienced increased mortality rate with longer storage of the eggs from which they originated. This mortality ranged from 0.035 to 0.13 d− 1 for non-stored (fresh) and 12 months stored eggs, respectively. However, all copepod communities originating from fresh to 12 months stored eggs reached adulthood. Additionally, the egg production from the stored generation was apparently normal and the viability of their eggs was not statistically different when compared to productions from non-stored communities. Contents of total fatty acids decreased during the storage period. Contents of free amino acids were not statistically different for eggs cold stored up to 12 months, but had decreased severely by 20 months. In conclusion, we consider it safe to store the eggs for up to one year at 2–3 °C during which the eggs retain their viability and biochemical composition. Cold storage of calanoid copepod eggs is relevant for aquaculture as inoculum for culturing live food.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 7
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    Controls on the distributions of GDGTs and n-alkane isotopic compositions in sediments of the Amazon River Basin (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Chemical Geology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 594, pp. 120777, ISSN: 0009-2541
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-26
    Description: ARTICLE INFO Keywords: Amazonia GDGT Amazon River Biomarkers Compound-specific isotopes N-Alkanes Paleoclimate proxies Plant waxes ABSTRACT Lipid biomarker proxies from terrigenous sediments have been extensively used to understand variations in paleoenvironmental conditions, but many of the mechanisms affecting these proxies during riverine transport are still poorly understood. Here, we analyze glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions and n-alkane isotopic compositions of soils and sediments from the Amazon River Basin. Our dataset includes suspended sediments of the Amazon River and its main tributaries, as well as soils and sediments of the Xingu River, a large clearwater tributary draining the easternmost part of the Amazon River Basin. Our sampling design aimed at understanding the processes behind spatially distinct GDGT distributions and n-alkane isotopic signatures across lowland Amazonia. Gradual changes in the fractional abundances of isoprenoid GDGTs and in 5- and 6- methyl branched GDGT ratios in suspended sediments of the Amazon River towards its mouth suggest that riverine production is an increasingly important control on the distribution of GDGTs in the lower parts of the system, while values from the western parts are more in line with a dominant soil sourcing. In the Xingu River, indices based on the fractional abundances of branched GDGTs and long-chain n-alkanes demonstrate a strong contri- bution of terrestrial organic material during the high-water season and an important aquatic component during low-water season. Meanwhile, average stable carbon (δ13C) and hydrogen (δD) isotopic signatures of long-chain n-alkanes in soils, riverbed and suspended sediments of the Xingu River are similar and reinforce the relatively conservative behaviour of these proxies within large river systems. The average compound-specific δ13C signa- tures of sediments in the Xingu River are within the expected range for C3 vegetation and do not seem to capture the signals from the nearby deforested areas. n-Alkanes δD signals in the Xingu Basin are similar to values ob- tained in the Amazon River mouth and indicate that n-alkanes sourced from easternmost Amazonian lowlands may predominate over signals from western areas.
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  • 8
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    Resolution of the atmospheric model matters for the Northern Hemisphere Mid-Holocene climate (2021)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 93, pp. 101206, ISSN: 0377-0265
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Description: This study evaluates the dependence of simulated surface air temperatures on model resolution and orography for the mid-Holocene. Sensitivity experiments with the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5 are performed with low (∼3.75°, 19 vertical levels) and high (∼1.1°, 31 vertical levels) resolution. Results are compared to the respective preindustrial runs. It is found that the large-scale temperature anomalies for the mid-Holocene (compared to preindustrial) are significantly different in the low- and high-resolution versions. For boreal winter, differences are mainly related to circulation changes caused by the response to thermal forcing in conjunction with orographic resolution. For summer, shortwave cloud radiative forcing emerges as an important factor. The anomaly differences (low minus high resolution version) in the Northern Hemisphere are regionally as large as the anomalous mid-Holocene temperature signals. Furthermore, they depend on the applied surface boundary conditions. We conclude that the resolution matters for the Northern Hemisphere response in mid-Holocene simulations, which should be taken into account in model-model and data-model comparisons.
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  • 9
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    Enhanced climate variability during the last millennium recorded in alkenone sea surface temperatures of the northwest Pacific margin (2021)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 204, pp. 103558, ISSN: 0921-8181
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-15
    Description: Previous studies on surface temperature reconstructions for the last 2000 years (2 k) revealed a long-term cooling trend for the last millennium in comparison to the previous millennium. However, knowledge on the decadal- to centennial-scale variability in sea surface temperature and the underlying governing mechanisms throughout the period is limited. We reconstructed high-resolution continuous sea surface temperature changes over the last 2 k in the northwest Pacific margin based on the alkenone unsaturation index. Our alkenone temperature record revealed enhanced and more rapidly changing climate variability during the last millennium (approximately 1200–1850 Common Era) than during the previous millennium. Cold and hot extremes also occurred more frequently during the last millennium. The enhanced and rapidly changing climate variability appears to be associated with frequent volcanic eruptions and grand solar minima. The reconstructed surface temperature variability tends to be associated with variations in the East Asia summer monsoon and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, implying that these variations are also enhanced in the last millennium than in the previous millennium.
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  • 10
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    Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © 2008 Nature Publishing Group. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike license. The definitive version was published in Nature Biotechnology 26 (2008): 909-915, doi:10.1038/nbt.1482.
    Description: Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. This suggests that ancient allelic regions in M. incognita are evolving toward effective haploidy, permitting new mechanisms of adaptation. The number and diversity of plant cell wall–degrading enzymes in M. incognita is unprecedented in any animal for which a genome sequence is available, and may derive from multiple horizontal gene transfers from bacterial sources. Our results provide insights into the adaptations required by metazoans to successfully parasitize immunocompetent plants, and open the way for discovering new antiparasitic strategies.
    Description: SCRI laboratory (V.C.B. and J.T.J.) received funding from the Scottish Government. This work benefited from links funded via COST Action 872. G.V.M. and V.L. are supported by ARC, CNRS, EMBO, MENRT and Region Rhone-Alpes. G.V.M., M.R.-R. and V.L. are also funded by the EU Cascade Network of Excellence and the integrated project Crescendo. M.-C.C. is supported by MENRT.
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  • 11
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    Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites (2020)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Nature Publishing Group, 1(1), pp. 1-8
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
    Description: Between 2003-2016, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) was one of the largest contributors to sea level rise, as it lost about 255 Gt of ice per year. This mass loss slowed in 2017 and 2018 to about 100 Gt yr−1. Here we examine further changes in rate of GrIS mass loss, by analyzing data from the GRACE-FO (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment – Follow On) satellite mission, launched in May 2018. Using simulations with regional climate models we show that the mass losses observed in 2017 and 2018 by the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions are lower than in any other two year period between 2003 and 2019, the combined period of the two missions. We find that this reduced ice loss results from two anomalous cold summers in western Greenland, compounded by snow-rich autumn and winter conditions in the east. For 2019, GRACE-FO reveals a return to high melt rates leading to a mass loss of 223 ± 12 Gt month−1 during the month of July alone, and a record annual mass loss of 532 ± 58 Gt yr−1.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 12
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    Arctic glaciers record wavier circumpolar winds (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Nature Publishing Group, 12(3), pp. 249-255
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-20
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  • 13
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    Eastern Lomonosov Ridge: Constraints for a variable ice mass thickness during former glaciations (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Geomorphology, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 413(108328), pp. 1-10, ISSN: 0169-555X
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-13
    Description: Here we present dense acoustic and swath bathymetry data sets as well as geological age constraints that allow a new view on past glacial processes at the Siberian termination of Lomonosov Ridge in the Arctic Ocean between 81° and 84° 20′ N. Here, the seabed is marked by three sets of streamlined glacial lineations observed at present water depths of ~760 m to 1250 m. The shallower streamlined glacial lineations were likely formed during MIS 6 and the deeper ones during MIS 12. Other observations include recessional moraines and pockmarks on a flattened ridge crest. In the subsurface, an acoustically transparent unit above well stratified strata is interpreted as subglacial diamicton overlying pre-glacial sediments at an erosional contact. Furthermore, the diamicton is interpreted to have been deposited as lenses in glacially-eroded proximal settings. In contrast, some parts of the seafloor and subsurface show no glacial overprint in water depths as shallow as 819 m. To explain these findings, we propose that the Siberian termination of Lomonosov Ridge was covered by an ice mass of spatial and temporal variable thickness between ~780 to ~1250 m, that was likely composed of sea ice and thick icebergs calved from ice shelves.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 14
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    A 350-year multiproxy record of climate-driven environmental shifts in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica (2021)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 205, ISSN: 0921-8181
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-14
    Description: With a growing concern over rapid Antarctic ice loss in recent years, the Amundsen Sea, one of the fastest-melting areas in Antarctica, currently becomes a hotspot for the Earth sciences in the context of its linkage to global climate. As a center of strong physical and biological coupling processes, polynyas of the Amundsen Sea could act as sentinels of changes in atmosphere–ice–ocean interactions, offering a unique perspective into its sensitivity to climate variability. Here, we present a new, multiproxy-based high-resolution sedimentary record from the Amundsen Sea polynya, which provides new insights into environmental conditions of the region over the last 350 years and their linkages to climatic factors. Our results show that the polynya witnessed step-wise environmental shifts in parallel with the phases and strength of large-scale climate patterns, i.e., the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Notably, intersite correlation of on-shelf Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) intrusion signals at different locals suggests that the CDW may have gained increased access to the shelves at the time of a strong coupling of positive SAM and El Niño states. We tentatively speculate that anomalous large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns over the Southern Hemisphere, forced by increasing greenhouse gas levels, were strongly involved in the mid-20th century CDW invigoration, which may be greater in scale that goes well beyond the Amundsen Sea region. This result is relevant to the current debate on spatial heterogeneity in the timing and phasing of major climatic events in Antarctica, underscoring an unambiguous connection of the Antarctic climate state to the large-scale ocean–atmosphere reorganizations. Our study also extends a growing evidence that today's global warming trend is expected to have a severe effect on future configuration of Antarctic continental ice-shelf environment.
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  • 15
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    Intensified aridity over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool controlled by ice-sheet expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 217, ISSN: 0921-8181
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-19
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  • 16
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    Small sinking particles control anammox rates in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (2021)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 12(1), pp. 1-12
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-15
    Description: Anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) in oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is a major pathway of oceanic nitrogen loss. Ammonium released from sinking particles has been suggested to fuel this process. During cruises to the Peruvian OMZ in April–June 2017 we found that anammox rates are strongly correlated with the volume of small particles (128–512 µm), even though anammox bacteria were not directly associated with particles. This suggests that the relationship between anammox rates and particles is related to the ammonium released from particles by remineralization. To investigate this, ammonium release from particles was modelled and theoretical encounters of free-living anammox bacteria with ammonium in the particle boundary layer were calculated. These results indicated that small sinking particles could be responsible for ~75% of ammonium release in anoxic waters and that free-living anammox bacteria frequently encounter ammonium in the vicinity of smaller particles. This indicates a so far underestimated role of abundant, slow-sinking small particles in controlling oceanic nutrient budgets, and furthermore implies that observations of the volume of small particles could be used to estimate N-loss across large areas.
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  • 17
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    Impact of benthos on morphodynamics from a modeling perspective (2021)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Earth-Science Reviews, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 221(103803), ISSN: 0012-8252
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    Publication Date: 2022-08-21
    Description: Benthic organisms and their bioturbation activities have a profound effect on a multitude of sediment properties. While many studies have already explored benthic impacts at small temporal and spatial scales, little is known on how the small-scale effects accumulate and interactively guide large-scale (km-scale) morphological evolution. Here we firstly summarize the most important processes of benthos affecting sediment stability and then explore existing biomorphodynamic modeling studies both at small- and large-scales. In general, microbenthos (body size 〈0.1 mm) mainly stabilizes sediments while meio- (0.1–1 mm) and macrobenthos (〉1 mm) may stabilize or destabilize sediments. Among all types of sediment, fine-grained fraction (silt and clay) is most sensitive to the impact of benthos. Benthic organisms have the capability to mediate sediment transport and sedimentation patterns beyond their habitats on the long-term and over a large-scale. However, so far, numerical models evaluating benthic impact are limited to explorative studies and have not reached a stage where they can be used for predictive modeling. The barriers hindering a further development of biomorphodynamic models include not only limited understanding of fundamental biological/bio-physical processes affecting morphological development and dynamic feedback loops among them but also a shortage of data for model calibration and confirmation of simulation results. On the other hand, thriving for higher model complexity does not necessarily lead to better performance. Before conducting biomorphodynamic modeling, researchers must figure out which questions can be answered in a meaningful sense with simulation results that can be compared with observations and which level of modeling complexity is sufficient for that purpose.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 18
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    Millennial-scale vegetation history of the north-eastern Russian Arctic during the mid-Pliocene inferred from the Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record (2020)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Global and Planetary Change, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 186, ISSN: 0921-8181
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    Publication Date: 2022-06-14
    Description: The 318-m long sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia situated in the present-day herb tundra zone, provides a unique archive of high Arctic environmental changes since ca 3.6 million years ago (Ma). This paper focuses on pollen-derived vegetation change during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) and in particular during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, which is known torepresent the coldest interval ofthe Pliocene. Building on initial pollen studies, we provide a more complete record and a more detailed discussion of climaticallydriven vegetation and environmental changes in the northeastern Russian Arctic, spanning the 203-thousandyear interval between 3.383 and 3.180 Ma ago. Pine-spruce-fir-larch-Douglas fir forests dominated the area around Lake El'gygytgyn between 3.383 and 3.330 Ma (MIS MG4 - MIS MG2). Colder and drier climate caused a decrease of coniferous forests and widespread Sphagnum habitats around the lake between 3.370 and 3.357 Ma. After 3.3 Ma, the presence of spruce, fir and Douglas fir decreased again. A very pronounced cooling took place at the first half of MIS M2 (3.312–3.283 Ma), when treeless tundra- and steppe-like habitats became common in the regional vegetation. Climate conditions were similar or only slightly warmer and wetter to those of the Holocene. Numerous coprophilous fungi spores identified in the MIS M2 pollen samples suggest the presence of grazing mammals around the lake. Larch-pine forests with some spruce started to dominate the area again after ca. 3.282 Ma, thus pointing to a significant climate amelioration during the mPWP. However, the forested area decreased, while herb- and shrub-dominated vegetation spread again during MIS KM6 (especially 3.235–3.223 Ma), suggesting a noticeable climatic deterioration and relatively cold and dry conditions.
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  • 19
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    Non-syntrophic methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation by an archaeal species (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 601(7892), pp. 257-262
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-11
    Description: The methanogenic degradation of oil hydrocarbons can proceed through syntrophic partnerships of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea1,2,3. However, recent culture-independent studies have suggested that the archaeon ‘Candidatus Methanoliparum’ alone can combine the degradation of long-chain alkanes with methanogenesis4,5. Here we cultured Ca. Methanoliparum from a subsurface oil reservoir. Molecular analyses revealed that Ca. Methanoliparum contains and overexpresses genes encoding alkyl-coenzyme M reductases and methyl-coenzyme M reductases, the marker genes for archaeal multicarbon alkane and methane metabolism. Incubation experiments with different substrates and mass spectrometric detection of coenzyme-M-bound intermediates confirm that Ca. Methanoliparum thrives not only on a variety of long-chain alkanes, but also on n-alkylcyclohexanes and n-alkylbenzenes with long n-alkyl (C≥13) moieties. By contrast, short-chain alkanes (such as ethane to octane) or aromatics with short alkyl chains (C≤12) were not consumed. The wide distribution of Ca. Methanoliparum4,5,6 in oil-rich environments indicates that this alkylotrophic methanogen may have a crucial role in the transformation of hydrocarbons into methane.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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    Macrobenthic diversity response to the atlantification of the Arctic Ocean (Fram Strait, 79°N) – A taxonomic and functional trait approach (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Ecological Indicators, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 144(109464), ISSN: 1470-160X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: This is the first study presenting temporal changes of the macrofauna biodiversity along the bathymetric gradient from the shelf to abyssal depths in the eastern Fram Striat. In this region, between 2004 and 2008, a significant increase in surface water temperature was observed due to the transport of Atlantic water from lower latitudes and was defined as a Warm Water Anomaly (WWA). Effects of the WWA in the eastern Fram Strait were observed across the entire food web, from the pelagic to the deep seafloor. The material for our study was collected before (in 2000) and after the WWA (in 2010 and 2017) at station depths ranging from 203 m to 5561 m. Samples of macrofauna and surface sediments were collected with use of a box corer to analyze species composition and functional traits, and environmental characteristics in sediments. We explore the influence of environmental changes on the structure (species composition and diversity) and functioning (functional trait composition and diversity) of macrofauna communities. An increase of primary production in surface waters during and after the WWA was reflected in a higher food availability at the seafloor from shelf to abyssal depths. Warming induced environmental changes led to an increase of macrofauna density and taxonomic diversity at all water depths. Macrofauna species composition significantly changed after the WWA. At all study sites, macrofauna functional diversity increased after the warm period. Functional trait composition changed significantly along the bathymetric transect. Despite changes in the taxonomic composition, macrofauna communities at the shallowest stations showed high functional redundancy, i.e., trait composition remained unchanged after the WWA. At water depths below 1500 m, where functional redundancy was significantly lower, functional trait composition changed significantly after the WWA. Our results suggest that macrofauna communities on the shelves are more resistant to environmental changes compared to deep-sea assemblages in the eastern Fram Strait.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Microplastics in two German wastewater treatment plants: Year-long effluent analysis with FTIR and Py-GC/MS (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Science of The Total Environment, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 817(152619), ISSN: 0048-9697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-07
    Description: Microplastics (MP) have been recorded in various environments around the globe. For a better understanding of distribution patterns and for providing a basis for risk assessments, detailed data on MP concentrations and polymer compositions are required. This study investigated the effluents of two German wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) monthly over one year, in order to better understand their temporal input of MP into the receiving river systems. MP item data down to 11 μm were obtained by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy under the application of an improved polymer database. Complementary mass data were obtained by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) (for one WWTP). Both FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis revealed a homogeneous polymer composition over the year, with a general dominance of polyolefins. Elevated MP item and mass concentrations (maximum: 3 × 104 items m−3 and 3.8 × 103 μg m−3) were observed during winter months and were accompanied by either heavy rainfall (increased discharge and total organic carbon) or elevated turbidity values. These observations emphasize the need for the assessment of background parameters in future MP monitoring studies. By providing monthly data over one year on MP items and masses in WWTP effluents, this study helps enhancing the understanding of temporal MP dynamics and can act as a valuable reference point for future assessments.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    The impact of faulting complexity and type on earthquake rupture dynamics (2022)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-31
    Description: The statistical properties of seismicity are known to be affected by several factors such as the rheological parameters of rocks. We analysed the earthquake double-couple as a function of the faulting type. Here we show that it impacts the moment tensors of earthquakes: thrust- faulting events are characterized by higher double-couple components with respect to strike- slip- and normal-faulting earthquakes. Our results are coherent with the stress dependence of the scaling exponent of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which is anticorrelated to the double- couple. We suggest that the structural and tectonic control of seismicity may have its origin in the complexity of the seismogenic source marked by the width of the cataclastic damage zone and by the slip of different fault planes during the same seismic event; the sharper and concentrated the slip as along faults, the higher the double-couple. This phenomenon may introduce bias in magnitude estimation, with possible impact on seismic forecasting.
    Description: Published
    Description: 258
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: double couple ; damage zone ; different fault type ; seismicity ; tectonics ; fault type ; seismicity ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Microplastic ingestion in zooplankton from the Fram Strait in the Arctic (2022)
    ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
    In:  EPIC3Science of The Total Environment, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, pp. 154886-154886, ISSN: 0048-9697
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from the Fram Strait in the Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high concentrations of zooplankton at the base of the food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets in the boreal summers of 2018 and 2019. Using FTIR scanning spectroscopy in combination with an automated polymer identification approach, we show that all five species of Arctic zooplankton investigated had ingested microplastics. Amphipod species, found in surface waters or closely associated with sea ice, had ingested significantly more microplastic per individual (Themisto libellula: 1.8, Themisto abyssorrum: 1, Apherusa glacialis: 1) than copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus: 0.21, Calanus glacialis/finmarchicus: 0.01). The majority of microplastics ingested were below 50 μm in size, all were fragments and several different polymer types were present. We quantified microplastics in water samples collected at six of the same stations as the Calanus using an underway sampling system (inlet at 6.5 m water depth). Fragments of several polymer types and anthropogenic cellulosic fibres were present, with an average concentration of 7 microplastic particles (MP) L−1 (0–18.5 MP L−1). In comparison to the water samples, those microplastics found ingested by zooplankton were significantly smaller, highlighting that the smaller-sized microplastics were being selected for by the zooplankton. High levels of microplastic ingestion in zooplankton have been associated with negative effects on growth, development, and fecundity. As Arctic zooplankton only have a short window of biological productivity, any negative effect could have broad consequences. As global plastic consumption continues to increase and climate change continues to reduce sea ice cover, releasing ice-bound microplastics and leaving ice free areas open to exploitation, the Arctic could be exposed to further plastic pollution which could place additional strain on this fragile ecosystem.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 24
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    News In Brief (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1048-1049 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] 200% ethanol boost from Oz sugar University of Queensland (UQ), Australia, molecular geneticist Robert Birch got more than he bargained for when he introduced a bacterial gene into sugarcane to convert sucrose into its high-value isomer, isomaltulose. In fact, the gene encoding sucrose isomerase, ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0706-1048
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    Profile of a bacterial tumor killer (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1484-1485 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Common bacteria, engineered to safely seek out and kill tumors, may well be the next generation of cancer therapeutics. In this issue, Bettegowda et al. report the genome sequence of one such bacterium, Clostridium novyi-NT, which has been engineered to be non-toxic by deleting the major systemic ...
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    Anti-infective antibodies: finding the path forward (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1491-1493 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] This June, Basel-based Novartis Pharmaceuticals made a first reconnoiter into antimicrobial antibodies in its quest to find new weapons to fight infections. It paid $569 million to acquire NeuTec Pharmaceuticals of Manchester, UK, and its two late-stage products, both antibody fragments ...
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    Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1504-1507 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The scarcity of disease in wild plants indicates that the success of plant defense mechanisms in combating pathogen infection rivals that of mammalian immune systems. Although there are some interesting parallels between plant and animal defense strategies—for instance, both groups sacrifice ...
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    Moving goalposts—regulatory oversight of antibacterial drugs (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1515-1519 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently rejected new antibiotics for common infections citing the requirement that the drugs intended to treat non-serious infections prove superior to placebo rather than active controls. With the introduction of more stringent statistical criteria, ...
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    The business of developing antibacterials (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1521-1528 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] For developers of antibacterial products, this century began very much on the wrong foot. The number of pharmaceutical companies chasing antibiotics continued to drop, few genuinely new antibiotics reached the clinic and investors remained lukewarm toward startups in this sector. But, despite ...
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    What is a support vector machine? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1565-1567 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] A support vector machine (SVM) is a computer algorithm that learns by example to assign labels to objects. For instance, an SVM can learn to recognize fraudulent credit card activity by examining hundreds or thousands of fraudulent and nonfraudulent credit card activity reports. Alternatively, an ...
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    The genome and transcriptomes of the anti-tumor agent Clostridium novyi-NT (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1573-1580 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Bacteriolytic anti-cancer therapies employ attenuated bacterial strains that selectively proliferate within tumors. Clostridium novyi-NT spores represent one of the most promising of these agents, as they generate potent anti-tumor effects in experimental animals. We have determined the 2.55-Mb ...
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    Blue fluorescent proteins with enhanced brightness and photostability from a structurally targeted library (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1569-1571 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The utility of blue fluorescent protein (BFP) has been limited by its low quantum yield and rapid photobleaching. A library targeting residues neighboring the chromophore yielded a variant with enhanced quantum yield (0.55 versus 0.34), reduced pH sensitivity and a 40-fold increase in ...
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    Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1551-1557 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Short cationic amphiphilic peptides with antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activities are present in virtually every life form, as an important component of (innate) immune defenses. These host-defense peptides provide a template for two separate classes of antimicrobial drugs. Direct-acting ...
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    The art of mismanagement (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1300-1300 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Is it possible that ImClone didn't do its homework on Erbitux's ...
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    Merck wipes Serono off Swiss biotech map (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1303-1303 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] On the average report card a test score of three out of five would usually draw the comment 'could do better'. The admonishment to try harder was also given by some observers to Darmstadt-based Merck KGaA's surprise €10.6- ($13.2)-billion acquisition of Serono on September 21. Although ...
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    The protection racket (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1081-1081 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Biotech stocks can be white-knuckle volatile, but there is a way you can profit from, or insure against, such rapid and dramatic price changes. Through put and call options, you may not only make more profits, but also buy and sell 'protection' for your investments (with no need for 'knuckle' ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0906-1081
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    Recent patent applications in tissue engineering (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1095-1095 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent patent applications in tissue engineering ...
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    Evidence and anecdotes: an analysis of human gene patenting controversies (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1091-1094 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Gene patenting has attracted intense scrutiny for decades, raising a host of ethical, legal and economic concerns. Much of the policy debate has focused on seemingly quantifiable and practical concerns about the effect of patents on access to useful technologies in the contexts of both research and ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0906-1091
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    Lack of correct data format and comparability limits future integrative microarray research (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1322-1323 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: One of the challenges for the future is how to integrate all the DNA microarray data that have been generated and deposited in public databases. We have studied data from two data repositories and identified that only 38% meet necessary quality and data format standards. Our results ...
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    Artificial sperm and epigenetic reprogramming (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1097-1098 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Of the many differentiated cell types that have been derived in vitro from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, among the most intriguing are cells resembling male and female gametes. Such ES cell–derived germ cells have been shown to undergo meiosis to form haploid gametes that can support early ...
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    Trust, patents and public perceptions: the governance of controversial biotechnology research (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1352-1354 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The increasingly commercial nature of biomedical research is, rightly or not, a reality of the contemporary research environment. The percentage of biomedical research supported by industry continues to grow, and many public funding agencies now encourage industry partnerships. Although links with ...
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    Engineering the essence of plants (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1359-1361 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Plant-derived 'essential oils' such as terpenoids are widely used in the fragrance and flavor industries. In this issue, Chappell and colleagues describe an approach for engineering plants that produce elevated levels of commercially relevant terpenoids. They co-express both an enzyme that supplies ...
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    Connecting genes, drugs and diseases (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1365-1366 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The rallying cry of early 21st century biomedical science is that new combinations of genomic, proteomic and bioinformatic research will provide deeper insights into disease mechanisms, novel markers for diagnostics and new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. DNA and protein microarrays ...
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    Are we stuck in the standards? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1374-1376 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Trying to make some sense of it all, But I can see that it makes no sense at all, Is it cool to go to sleep on the floor, 'Cause I don't think that I can take anymore Clowns to the left of me, jokers to the right, Here I am, stuck in the middle with you. Joe Egan and Gerry Rafferty There are ...
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    Corrigendum: Can science resolve the ethical impasse in stem cell research? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1448-1448 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 397–400 (2006); published online 29 March 2006; corrected after print 8 November 2006. In the version of this article initially published, on page 399, column 2, paragraph 4, the authors wrongly credited the idea for using cells from nonviable human embryos as an ...
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    Compact, universal DNA microarrays to comprehensively determine transcription-factor binding site specificities (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1429-1435 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Transcription factors (TFs) interact with specific DNA regulatory sequences to control gene expression throughout myriad cellular processes. However, the DNA binding specificities of only a small fraction of TFs are sufficiently characterized to predict the sequences that they can and cannot bind. ...
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    Reversal of mouse hepatic failure using an implanted liver-assist device containing ES cell–derived hepatocytes (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1412-1419 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Severe acute liver failure, even when transient, must be treated by transplantation and lifelong immune suppression. Treatment could be improved by bioartificial liver (BAL) support, but this approach is hindered by a shortage of human hepatocytes. To generate an alternative source of cells for BAL ...
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    Vaccine manufacturing: challenges and solutions (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1377-1383 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The recent influenza vaccine shortages have provided a timely reminder of the tenuous nature of the world's vaccine supply and the potential for manufacturing issues to severely disrupt vital access to important vaccines. The application of new technologies to the discovery, assessment, development ...
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    Making the most of microarrays (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1039-1039 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] No technology embodies the rise of 'omic' science more than the DNA microarray. First reduced to practice in the early 1990s, it has since undergone numerous iterations, adaptations and refinements to achieve its present status as the platform of choice for massively parallel gene expression ...
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    Brazil next biotech trailblazer in Latin America? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1184-1184 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] One year on from the enforcement of Brazil's innovation law, the first national innovation law in Latin America, it has already earned praise from the country's scientific community, especially from that part dealing with applied research in industry and agriculture, with an emphasis on biotech. ...
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    Profile: Michael Fernandez (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1188-1188 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] When Michael Fernandez took over as director of the Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology (PIFB) in September 2005, his former boss bequeathed to him a lava lamp for his desk. Oddly enough, the lamp had been the prize for a Halloween costume that parodied Fernandez' image as a dapper science ...
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    Reactions to Eprex's adverse reactions (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1199-1200 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: In their letter of correspondence “Eprex-associated pure red cell aplasia and leachates” in the June issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 613–614, 2006), Schellekens & Jiskoot discuss what they consider to be flaws in Johnson & Johnson's (J&J; New Brunswick, NJ, ...
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    Biotech buybacks—good or bad? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1207-1207 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] When a biotech company succeeds, it can find more cash in the bank than needed for research and development. It may decide to buy back, or repurchase, its own shares. A buyback is neither good nor bad by definition, but may be smart, dumb or bordering on fraudulent. To make you a savvier, more ...
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    The art of gene function prediction (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1474-1475 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Determining the functions of genes and proteins is a central problem in biology, fundamental to understanding the molecular and biochemical processes that sustain health or cause disease, to identifying and validating new drug targets and to developing reliable diagnostics. Recent ...
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    Putting proteins on the map (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1223-1224 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The emergence of systems biology has led to a demand for quantitative, comprehensive data on all aspects of biological phenomena. Some aspects, such as RNA expression and protein structure, have received much attention, while others, such as protein location, have lagged behind. In this issue, ...
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    Deciphering bioplastic production (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1227-1229 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The shift toward sustainable production systems has focused attention on bioplastics, which can be produced by many microorganisms from renewable raw materials. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are natural polyesters synthesized in the form of discrete intracellular granules in abundances that can ...
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    Wastewater genomics (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1229-1230 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Wastewater treatment around the world relies largely on microbial ecosystems, yet little is known about the organisms involved. This 'black box' system mediates aerobic and anaerobic processes that diminish high phosphate loads in wastewaters, a process known as enhanced biological phosphate ...
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    Biosynthetic labeling of RNA with uracil phosphoribosyltransferase allows cell-specific microarray analysis of mRNA synthesis and decay (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 232-237 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Standard microarrays measure mRNA abundance, not mRNA synthesis, and therefore cannot identify the mechanisms that regulate gene expression. We have developed a method to overcome this limitation by using the salvage enzyme uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) from the protozoan Toxoplasma ...
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    Complete genome sequence of the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 195-200 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Gluconobacter oxydans is unsurpassed by other organisms in its ability to incompletely oxidize a great variety of carbohydrates, alcohols and related compounds. Furthermore, the organism is used for several biotechnological processes, such as vitamin C production. To further our understanding of ...
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    Detection of parallel functional modules by comparative analysis of genome sequences (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 253-260 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Parallel functional modules are separate sets of proteins in an organism that catalyze the same or similar biochemical reactions but act on different substrates or use different cofactors. They originate by gene duplication during evolution. Parallel functional modules provide versatility and ...
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    Corrigendum: ORFeome cloning and global analysis of protein localization in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 841–847 (2006); published online 25 June 2006; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the print version of this article and the version initially published online, the last sentence of the URLs section in Methods, p.846, reads, “Sequence information regarding the ...
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    Minimum information requested in the annotation of biochemical models (MIRIAM) (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1509-1515 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Most of the published quantitative models in biology are lost for the community because they are either not made available or they are insufficiently characterized to allow them to be reused. The lack of a standard description format, lack of stringent reviewing and authors' carelessness are the ...
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    The complete genome sequence of the meat-borne lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus sakei 23K (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1527-1533 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Lactobacillus sakei is a psychrotrophic lactic acid bacterium found naturally on fresh meat and fish. This microorganism is widely used in the manufacture of fermented meats and has biotechnological potential in biopreservation and food safety. We have explored the 1,884,661-base-pair (bp) circular ...
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    Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1534-1541 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] The potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells to differentiate into cell types of a variety of organs has generated much excitement over the possible use of hES cells in therapeutic applications. Of great interest are organs derived from definitive endoderm, such as the pancreas. We have ...
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    Combined static and dynamic analysis for determining the quality of time-series expression profiles (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1503-1508 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Expression profiling of time-series experiments is widely used to study biological systems. However, determining the quality of the resulting profiles remains a fundamental problem. Because of inadequate sampling rates, the effect of arrest-and-release methods and loss of synchronization, the ...
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    Corrigendum: Design of a genome-wide siRNA library using an artificial neural network (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 995–1001 (2005), published online 17 July 2005; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the Methods section, p. 1,000, col. 2, paragraph 2, the text beginning: “The whole plate was discarded if for any time point...” and ending, “The final data set ...
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    Corrigendum: Dual selection enhances the signaling specificity of a variant of the quorum-sensing transcriptional activator LuxR (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1033-1033 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 708–712 (2006); published online 21 May 2006; corrected after print 25 July 2006 In the Methods section, p.711, “Library construction and selection,” line 11 of the print version of this article and the version initially published online, the plates used for ...
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    Inference in Bayesian networks (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 51-53 
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    Notes: [Auszug] How does one model a simple cell-signaling pathway? Consider a simple example consisting of a stimulant, an extracellular signal, an inhibitor of the signal, a G protein–coupled receptor, a G protein and the cellular response. The stimulant induces production of the extracellular signal in ...
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    Engineering and characterization of a superfolder green fluorescent protein (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 79-88 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Existing variants of green fluorescent protein (GFP) often misfold when expressed as fusions with other proteins. We have generated a robustly folded version of GFP, called 'superfolder' GFP, that folds well even when fused to poorly folded polypeptides. Compared to 'folding reporter' GFP, a ...
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    Extracellular accumulation of recombinant proteins fused to the carrier protein YebF in Escherichia coli (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 100-104 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] Bacterial protein secretion is important in the life cycles of most bacteria, in which it contributes to the formation of pili and flagella and makes available extracellular enzymes to digest polymers for nutritional purposes and toxins to kill host cells in infections of humans, animals and ...
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    Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 63-71 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of Bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory ...
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    Tysabri back on market (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 874-874 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The return of the multiple sclerosis (MS) drug Tysabri (natalizumab) to the US market, sanctioned by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 5, and its first-time approval in the EU, announced on June 29, was welcomed by investors. The move should also eventually lead to a clearer ...
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    Alfimeprase to succeed Genentech's alteplase? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 875-876 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nuvelo is forging ahead with phase 3 trials on its blood-clot buster enzyme alfimeprase, with results expected early next year. The recombinant enzyme attracted the attention of Bayer Healthcare, which earlier this year signed a $385-million deal for alfimeprase's non-US rights—an ...
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    The problem with potency (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1037-1039 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] As the $30 billion monoclonal antibody (mAb) market moves from murine-based to chimeric and fully human products, it grows at a compounded clip of nearly 20% per year (see ). This spectacular growth—Synagis (pavilivizumb; MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland), Herceptin (trastuzumab; ...
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    Problems with metagenomic screening (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1045-1045 
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    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: The paper by Kazuya Watanabe and colleagues published in the January issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 88–93, 2005) is framed both in the paper itself and in the accompanying News & Views by Jo Handelsman (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 38–39, 2005) as an astute, general genetic ...
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    Reply to "Problems with metagenomic screening" (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1045-1046 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Watanabe and colleagues respond: de Lorenzo outlines some possible limitations of the substrate-induced gene expression screening (SIGEX) method. Although we discussed many of the points in his letter in our paper, it is worth reiterating them to emphasize the challenges faced in designing a ...
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    Open source and biotech (2005)
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    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1046-1046 
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    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: Your editorial in the June issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 633, 2005) on the biotech open source movement skirted round one critical difference between biotech and the software industry whose 'open source' movement Richard Jefferson seeks to emulate. Writing software is cheap and can be ...
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    Diagnostics investors think positive (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 884-884 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Diagnostics companies have had record fundraising on the public markets over the past few years. Venture capital also expanded last year, raising more than double than in previous years, with $113 million the average quarterly amount raised over the past year compared with only $47 ...
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    Looking for solid ground along the Critical Path (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 885-887 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Even as the science supporting innovation in drug and device development moves forward, the US agency charged with evaluating the products of that science remains embroiled in battles over resources and even its proper mandate. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, Rockville, MD, USA), ...
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    Genetic profiteering (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 888-890 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Once the province of clinical genetics units in hospitals and clinics, genetic tests have become a commodity. With the click of a mouse, you can order up tests to find out whether you are a carrier of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, prone to cardiovascular disease or a member of an ancient tribe. ...
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    Automated phosphorylation site mapping (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 1226-1227 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Mass spectrometry (MS) allows the localization of phosphorylated amino acid residues in proteins. Precise annotation of phosphorylation sites is not trivial, however, because of the inherent complexity of most phosphopeptide mass spectra. In this issue, Beausoleil et al. report computational ...
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    Should we make a fuss? (2006)
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    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 899-899 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: In their commentary in the December issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 1479–1480, 2005) Jon Beckwith and Franklin Huang chastise T. H. Morgan for his failure to make a fuss about eugenics in 1915. That year, he gave the Vanuxem Lectures at Princeton University, which were published ...
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    Should we make a fuss? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 899-900 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: An endorsement of ethical responsibility in science is difficult to oppose. The challenge, however, often is to ascertain what constitutes an ethical or wise course of action. In their commentary, Beckwith and Huang allude specifically to a “stirring of the scientific ...
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    Export signals (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 900-901 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: The letter by Katariina Majander et al. in last year's April issue (Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 475–481, 2005) described the use of a modified flagellar type III secretion system (TTSS) to secrete heterologous polypeptides into the growth medium of Escherichia coli. N-terminal ...
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    Reply to Export signals (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 901-902 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Katariina Majander et al. respond In contrast to the comments of Gál et al., the aim of our paper was not to address the nature of the secretion signal motif per se but to evaluate the biotechnological potential of the secretion system. We did, however, briefly discuss the three proposed ...
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    What brown cannot do for you (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 914-916 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Chromogenic stains have been a mainstay as readouts for immunodiagnostics. 'Brown' staining—also known as diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogenic staining or immunoperoxidase staining—was adopted very early in anatomic pathology and rapidly became the standard for immunohistochemistry in ...
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    Protein annotation by EBIMed (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 902-903 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] To the editor: PubMed is the key retrieval engine for Medline abstracts, and its host, the US National Library of Medicine (NLM; Bethesda, Maryland), provides efficient query interfaces. The result of queries is a list of abstracts, in which the most recent documents appear at the top. If the list ...
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    Cancer biomarkers: a systems approach (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 905-908 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Biomarkers measured in a variety of patient samples, including blood, tissue, urine and cerebrospinal fluid, are used in a diverse array of clinical settings. Although many successful biomarkers have been developed to date, advances in genetics and proteomics promise to usher in a new era of ...
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    Synthesis & sequencing (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1019-1019 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Nanotech-based sequencing Roche and 454 Life Sciences, a subsidiary of CuraGen, offer a nanotechnology-based genome sequencing system that allows a single instrument to produce over 20 million nucleotide bases per 4-hour run, totaling more than 100 times the capacity of instruments using current ...
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    Illuminating BiDil (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 903-903 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] BiDil is a recently approved therapy indicated for congestive heart failure patients already taking standard treatments. It is not a new drug. It is a combination of two existing drugs—isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine—already marketed seperately as generics. What is new about BiDil ...
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    Japan-China merger puts growth in East Asia first (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 907-907 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] The Tokyo-based pharmaceutical development firm GNI announced its merger with Shanghai Genomics on June 20, marking the first such partnership between a Japanese and a Chinese biotech in over a decade. The newly formed venture has a research staff of more than 80 in Japan, China and England, and a ...
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    Profile: William Haseltine (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 913-913 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] During the 13 years that he was CEO of Human Genome Sciences (HGS), William Haseltine rarely traveled for pleasure. He was even less mobile before his tenure at the Rockville, Maryland–based genomics firm that he founded in 1992; as a cancer and AIDS researcher at the Dana Farber Cancer ...
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    Enthusiasm cools in Q2 (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 914-914 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Although private financing and overall funding remain relatively stable, investor interest in biotech is a shadow of a year ago, when the initial public offering (IPO) market had just come off the best two quarters of this window. The BioCentury 100 Index has fallen by a little more than 10%, and ...
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    A regulatory perspective on in vitro diagnostics (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 927-929 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) has been an area of considerable innovation over the past decade, transforming the practice of medicine in the process. In the area of cardiovascular care alone, new markers for early cardiac injury and for heart failure have fundamentally changed the way doctors manage ...
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    Any diamonds in the diagnostic coal? (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 930-930 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Although you might have been led to believe there is a 'clear vision' for the molecular diagnostics revolution, in reality the investing picture is much murkier. Revenues haven't produced much profit or free cash flow (and are unlikely to do so anytime soon). And rather than stand-alone diagnostics ...
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    Fishing for cancer models (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 24 (2006), S. 45-46 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Fish have been used as models in cancer research for almost a century because of the strikingly similar histopathological features of fish and human tumors. Despite this agreement, however, very little is known about the correspondence of the molecular mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis in these ...
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    si RNA becomes smart and intelligent (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 946-947 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] In just a few years, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a powerful technology to specifically knockdown genes in mammalian cells both for functional analysis and for therapeutic purposes. The success of this approach, also called RNA interference (RNAi), hinges on the affinity of an siRNA ...
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    Probabilistic model of the human protein-protein interaction network (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 951-959 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] A catalog of all human protein-protein interactions would provide scientists with a framework to study protein deregulation in complex diseases such as cancer. Here we demonstrate that a probabilistic analysis integrating model organism interactome data, protein domain data, genome-wide gene ...
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1103
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    Pessimistic response to FDA leadership change (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1325-1325 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] In September, Lester Crawford resigned as commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), leaving a leadership vacuum that was quickly filled by President Bush's appointment of Andrew von Eschenbach, formerly the director of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), as acting commissioner. ...
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    Sandoz sues FDA over delay in first biogeneric approval (2005)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 23 (2005), S. 1327-1328 
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    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Officials at Sandoz, the generic branch of Novartis of Basel, filed a rare type of lawsuit with the US District Court on September 13. The company wants the court to force the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to rule on—preferably, approve—Omnitrope, its follow-on version of ...
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