ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Hotter summers and milder winters have already made most of us aware of what scientists say is a trend towards extensive global warming. Most of the experts accompany their predictions with dire warnings of the resulting rising sea levels and spreading deserts. Trausti Valsson's approach to the problem of global warming is a refreshing look at the advantages that will ensue. With the melting of the sea ice in the north, shipping routes will regularly include the passage north of Siberia and, slightly later, a north-west passage through the Canadian Archipelago. This means that countries bordering the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans will become closer to each other and that ships too wide for the Panama and Suez Canals can easily transport oil and other cargoes via the shorter routes over the Arctic Ocean. The warming climate and melting ice will make oil and mineral resources in northern areas easily accessible for exploitation and will make the far north comfortable for human habitation, replacing the living spaces around the central areas of the globe that will become too hot for habitation. Valsson recognizes the fact that the world's climate has changed many times in the past and that the present warming trend is not new. However, he underlines the importance of the international agreements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which are largely to blame for the current warming trend. He also promotes the view that even in the face of the very many negative consequences, we need to maintain a positive attitude towards the changes that are coming upon us, a refreshing view which he presents through text and a wealth of informative maps.

Description / Table of Contents: As geomicrobiologists, we seek to understand how some of nature's most complex systems work, yet the very complexity we seek to understand has placed many of the insights out of reach. Recent advances in cultivation methodologies, the development of ultrahigh throughput DNA sequencing capabilities, and new methods to assay gene expression and protein function open the way for rapid progress. In the eight years since the first Geomicrobiology volume (Geomicrobiology: Interactions between microbes and minerals; volume 35 in this series) we have transformed into scientists working hand in hand with biochemists, molecular biologists, genome scientists, analytical chemists, and even physicists to reveal the most fundamental molecular-scale underpinnings of biogeochemical systems. Through synthesis achieved by integration of diverse perspectives, skills, and interests, we have begun to learn how organisms mediate chemical transformations, the ways in which the environment determines the architecture of microbial communities, and the interplay between evolution and selection that shapes the biodiversity of the planet. This volume presents chapters written by leaders in the rapidly maturing field we refer to as molecular geomicrobiology. Most of them are relatively young researchers who share their approaches and insights and provide pointers to exciting areas ripe for new advances. This volume ties together themes common to environmental microbiology, earth science, and astrobiology. The resesarch presented here, the associated short course, and the volume production were supported by funding from many sources, notably the Mineralogical Society of America, the Geochemical Society, the US Department of Energy Chemical Sciences Program and the NASA Astrobiology Institute.

Description / Table of Contents: In Materials Science, investigations aiming to prepare new types of molecular sieves (porous materials) have opened a productive field of research inspired by the crystal structures of minerals. These new molecular sieves are distinct from zeolites in that they have different kinds of polyhedra that build up their structures. Of particular interest are the new molecular sieves characterized by a mixed "octahedral"-tetrahedral framework (heteropolyhedral frameworks), instead of a purely tetrahedral framework as in zeolites. Heteropolyhedral compounds have been extensively studied since the early 1990's, with particular attention having been focused on titanosilicates, such as ETS-4 (synthetic analog of the mineral zorite) and ETS-10. However, titanosilicates are not the only representatives of novel microporous mineral phases. The search for "octahedral"-tetrahedral silicates was extended to metals other than titanium, for instance, the zirconosilicates with the preparation of synthetic counterparts of the minerals gaidonnayite, petarasite and umbite. Many microporous heteropolyhedral compounds containing metals such as Nb, V, Sn, Ca and lanthanides, have been reported and a wide number of distinct structural types (e.g., rhodesite-delhayelite and tobermorite) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Moreover, the potential applications of these novel materials have been evaluated, particularly in the areas of catalysis, separation of molecular species, ion exchange and optical and magnetic properties. A comprehensive review of the mineralogical, structural, chemical and crystal-chemical studies carried on natural phases may be extremely useful to inspire and favor investigations on analogs or related synthetic materials. A similar synergy between mineralogists and materials scientists already occurred in the "classical" case of zeolites, in which the wide and deep structural and crystal-chemical knowledge accumulated in the study of the natural phases was extraordinarily useful to the chemists who are active in the field of molecular sieves. In particular, the structural investigation of the natural phases may be extremely rewarding and helpful in orienting the work of synthesis and in understanding the nature of the synthetic products, for the following reasons: Whereas rarely the crystalline synthetic products are suitable for single-crystal structural investigations, the natural counterparts are often well crystallized. Crystallization in nature occurs from chemical systems characterized by a wide compositional range, thus producing compounds with a very rich and variable crystal chemistry, which may provide precious information, suggesting possible substituting elements and addressing the synthetic work in a very productive way. The present volume follows a meeting on "Micro- and mesoporous mineral phases" (Rome, December 6-7, 2004) that was jointly organized by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (ANL) and the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) via its Commission on Inorganic and Mineral Structures (CIMS). The meeting was convened by Fausto Calderazzo, Giovanni Ferraris, Stefano Merlino and Annibale Mottana and financially supported by several other organizations representing both Mineralogy (e.g., the International Mineralogical Association and the European Mineralogical Union) and Crystallography (e.g., the European Crystallographic Association and the Italian Association of Crystallography). To participants, ANL staff, organizations, and, in general, all involved persons, our sincere acknowledgments; in particular, we are grateful to Annibale Mottana who was able to convince the ANL Academicians to schedule and support the meeting. This volume of the RiMG series highlights the present knowledge on micro- and mesoporous mineral phases, with focus on their crystal-chemical aspects, occurrence and porous activity in nature and experiments. As zeolites are the matter of numerous ad hoc meetings and books - including two volumes in this series - they do not specifically appear in the present volume. The phases of the sodalite and cancrinite-davyne groups, which mineralogists consider distinct from zeolites, are instead considered (in the order, chapter 7 by W. Depmeier and part of chapter 8 by E. Bonaccorsi and S. Merlino, respectively). The first two chapters of the volume cover general aspects of porous materials. This includes the application of the IUPAC nomenclature developed for ordered porous materials to non-zeolite mineral phases (L.B. McCusker, chapter 1) and the extension to heteropolyhedral structures of a topological description by using nodes representing the coordination polyhedra (S.V. Krivovichev, chapter 2). Chapters from 3 to 7 are dedicated to various groups of heteropolyhedral porous structures for which the authors emphasize some of the more general aspects according to their research specialization. G. Ferraris and A. Gula (chapter 3) put the emphasis on the modular aspects of well-known porous phases (such as sepiolite, palygorskite and rhodesite-related structures) as well as on heterophyllosilicates that may be not strictly porous phases (according to the definition given in chapter 1) but could be the starting basis for pillared materials. The porous mineral phases typical of hyperalkaline rocks (such as eudialytes and labuntsovites) are discussed by N.V. Chukanov and I.V. Pekov under their crystal-chemical (chapter 4) and minerogenetic (chapter 5) aspects showing the role of ion exchange during the geological evolution from primary to later phases, with experimental cation exchange data also being reported. J. Rocha and Z. Lin (chapter 6) emphasize how research on the synthesis of octahedral-pentahedral-tetrahedral framework silicates has been inspired and motivated by the many examples of such materials provided by nature; synthesis, structure and possible technological applications of a wide number of these materials are also described. Following chapters 7 and 8 - which besides the cancrinite-davyne group, presents the crystallographic features of the minerals in the tobermorite and gyrolite groups - M. Pasero (chapter 9) illustrates the topological and polysomatic aspects of the "tunnel oxides," a historical name applied to porous oxides related to MnO2, and reviews their main technological applications. The next two chapters (10 and 11) draw attention to "unexpected" porous materials like apatite and sulfides. T.J. White and his team (chapter 10) convincingly show that the apatite structure type displays porous properties, some of which are already exploited. Chapter 10 also contains two appendices that report crystal and synthesis data for hundreds of synthetic apatites, a number that demonstrates how wide the interest is for this class of compounds. E. Makovicky (chapter 11) analyzes the structures of natural and synthetic sulfides and selenides showing that, even if experimental work proving porous activity is practically still missing, several structure types display promising channels. Chapter 12, by M. Mellini, is the only one dedicated to mesoporous mineral phases - which are crystalline compounds with pores wider than 2 nm. Examples discussed are carbon nanotubes, fullerenes - which occur also in nature - chrysotile, opal and, moving from channels to cages, clathrates.

Description / Table of Contents: The publication of this volume occurs at the one-hundredth anniversary of 1905, which has been called the annus mirabilus because it was the year of a number of enormous scientific advances. Among them are four papers by Albert Einstein explaining (among other things) Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, the special theory of relativity, and the equation E = mc2. Also of significance in 1905 was the first application of another major advance in physics, which dramatically changed the fields of Earth and planetary science. In March of 1905 (and published the following year), Ernest Rutherford presented the following in the Silliman Lectures at Yale: "The helium observed in the radioactive minerals is almost certainly due to its production from the radium and other radioactive substances contained therein. If the rate of production of helium from known weights of the different radioelements were experimentally known, it should thus be possible to determine the interval required for the production of the amount of helium observed in radioactive minerals, or, in other words, to determine the age of the mineral." Rutherford E (1906) Radioactive Transformations. Charles Scriber's Sons, NY Thus radioisotopic geochronology was born, almost immediately shattering centuries of speculative conjectures and estimates and laying the foundation for establishment of the geologic timescale, the age of the Earth and meteorites, and a quantitative understanding of the rates of processes ranging from nebular condensation to Quaternary glaciations. There is an important subplot to the historical development of radioisotopic dating over the last hundred years, which, ironically, arises directly from the subsequent history of the U-He dating method Rutherford described in 1905. Almost as soon as radioisotopic dating was invented, it was recognized that the U-He [or later the (U-Th)/He method], provided ages that were often far younger than those allowed by stratigraphic correlations or other techniques such as U/Pb dating. Clearly, as R.J. Strutt noted in 1910, He ages only provided "minimum values, because helium leaks out from the mineral, to what extent it is impossible to say" (Strutt, 1910, Proc Roy Soc Lond, Ser A 84:379-388). For several decades most attention was diverted to U/Pb and other techniques better suited to measurement of crystallization ages and establishment of the geologic timescale. Gradually it became clear that other radioisotopic systems such as K/Ar and later fission-track also provided ages that were clearly younger than formation ages. In 1910 it may have been impossible to say the extent to which He (or most other elements) leaked out of minerals, but eventually a growing understanding of thermally-activated diffusion and annealing began to shed light on the significance of such ages. The recognition that some systems can provide cooling, rather than formation, ages, was gradual and diachronous across radioisotopic systems. Most of the heavy lifting in this regard was accomplished by researchers working on the interpretation of K/Ar and fission-track ages. Ironically, Rutherford¹s He-based radioisotopic system was one of the last to be quantitatively interpreted as a thermochronometer, and has been added to K/Ar (including 40Ar/39Ar) and fission-track methods as important for constraining the medium- to low-temperature thermal histories of rocks and minerals. Thermochronology has had a slow and sometimes fitful maturation from what were once troubling age discrepancies and poorly-understood open-system behaviors, into a powerful branch of geochronology applied by Earth scientists from diverse fields. Cooling ages, coupled with quantitative understanding of crystal-scale kinetic phenomena and crustal- or landscape-scale interpretational models now provide an enormous range of insights into tectonics, geomorphology, and subjects of other fields. At the same time, blossoming of lower temperature thermochronometric approaches has inspired new perspectives into the detailed behavior of higher temperature systems that previously may have been primarily used for establishing formation ages. Increased recognition of the importance of thermal histories, combined with improved analytical precision, has motivated progress in understanding the thermochronologic behavior of U/Pb, Sm/Nd, Lu/Hf, and other systems in a wide range of minerals, filling out the temperature range accessible by thermochronologic approaches. Thus the maturation of low- and medium-temperature thermochronology has led to a fuller understanding of the significance of radioisotopic ages in general, and to one degree or another has permeated most of geochronology. Except in rare cases, the goal of thermochronology is not thermal histories themselves, but rather the geologic processes responsible for them. Thermochronometers are now routinely used for quantifying exhumation histories (tectonic or erosional), magmatism, or landscape evolution. As thermochronology has matured, so have model and interpretational approaches used to convert thermal histories into these more useful geologic histories. Low-temperature thermochronology has been especially important in this regard, as knowledge of thermal processes in the uppermost few kilometers of the crust require consideration of coupled interactions of tectonic, geodynamic, and surface processes. Exciting new developments in these fields in turn drive improved thermochronologic methods and innovative sampling approaches.

Description / Table of Contents: The very successful orbital missions of the 1990's, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, provided key mineralogical, geochemical, and geophysical data sets that extended our view of the Moon beyond what we knew from Apollo and Luna exploration to a truly global perspective. These new data sets have been integrated with information gained from three preceding decades of study of lunar samples and older, less complete remotely sensed data sets. Although there have been no new lunar sample-return missions since Apollo and Luna, new samples are available in the form of meteorites, recognized to be pieces of the Moon. These, too, play a role in improved knowledge of the Moon and in helping to couple information obtained by remote sensing with information obtained from rock and soil samples. As we stand on the edge of a new era of lunar and planetary exploration, including new missions to the Moon, Mars, and other planets and moons, we find it essential to examine in depth how the wide variety of data sets obtained during the course of lunar exploration can be used together to better understand the formation of the Moon and how it evolved to its present state. Such an understanding holds important lessons for the new era of lunar exploration as well as the exploration of other planets in the Solar System. This will ultimately lead to better knowledge of how our own planet Earth - with its unique environment suitable for the origin and evolution of life - originated and changed with time. This book assesses the current state of knowledge of lunar geoscience, given the data sets provided by missions of the 1990's, and lists remaining key questions as well as new ones for future exploration to address. It documents how a planet or moon other than the world on which we live can be studied and understood in light of integrated suites of specific kinds of information. The Moon is the only body other than Earth for which we have material samples of known geologic context for study. This book seeks to show how the different kinds of information gained about the Moon relate to each other and also to learn from this experience, thus allowing more efficient planning for the exploration of other worlds.

Description / Table of Contents: Medical Mineralogy and Geochemistry is an emergent, highly interdisciplinary field of study. The disciplines of mineralogy and geochemistry are integral components of cross-disciplinary investigations that aim to understand the interactions between geomaterials and humans as well as the normal and pathological formation of inorganic solid precipitates in vivo. Research strategies and methods include but are not limited to: stability and solubility studies of earth materials and biomaterials in biofluids or their proxies (i.e., equilibrium thermodynamic studies), kinetic studies of pertinent reactions under conditions relevant to the human body, molecular modeling studies, and geospatial and statistical studies aimed at evaluating environmental factors as causes for activating certain chronic diseases in genetically predisposed individuals or populations. Despite its importance, the area of Medical Mineralogy and Geochemistry has received limited attention by scientists, administrators, and the public. The objectives of this volume are to highlight some of the existing research opportunities and challenges, and to invigorate exchange of ideas between mineralogists and geochemists working on medical problems and medical scientists working on problems involving geomaterials and biominerals. Examples presented in this volume (Table of contents below) include the effects of inhaled dust particles in the lung (Huang et al. 2006; Schoonen et al. 2006), biomineralization of bones and teeth (Glimcher et al. 2006), the formation of kidney-stones, the calcification of arteries, the speciation exposure pathways and pathological effects of heavy metal contaminants (Reeder et al. 2006; Plumlee et al. 2006), the transport and fate of prions and pathological viruses in the environment (Schramm et al. 2006), the possible environmental-genetic link in the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases (Perl and Moalem 2006), the design of biocompatible, bioactive ceramics for use as orthopaedic and dental implants and related tissue engineering applications (Cerruti and Sahai 2006) and the use of oxide-encapsulated living cells for the development of biosensors (Livage and Coradin 2006).

Description / Table of Contents: For over half a century neutron scattering has added valuable information about the structure of materials. Unlike X-rays that have quickly become a standard laboratory technique and are available to all modern researchers in physics, chemistry, materials and earth sciences, neutrons have been elusive and reserved for specialists. A primary reason is that neutron beams, at least so far, are only produced at large dedicated facilities with nuclear reactors and accelerators and access to those has been limited. Yet there are a substantial number of experiments that use neutron scattering. While earth science users are still a small minority, neutron scattering has nevertheless contributed valuable information on geological materials for well over half a century. Important applications have been in crystallography (e.g. atomic positions of hydrogen and Al-Si ordering in feldspars and zeolites, Mn-Fe-Ti distribution in oxides), magnetic structures, mineral physics at non-ambient conditions and investigations of anisotropy and residual strain in structural geology and rock mechanics. Applications range from structure determinations of large single crystals, to powder refinements and short-range order determination in amorphous materials. Zeolites, feldspars, magnetite, carbonates, ice, clathrates are just some of the minerals where knowledge has greatly been augmented by neutron scattering experiments. Yet relatively few researchers in earth sciences are taking advantage of the unique opportunities provided by modern neutron facilities. The goal of this volume, and the associated short course by the Mineralogical Society of America held December 7-9 in Emeryville/Berkeley CA, is to attract new users to this field and introduce them to the wide range of applications. As the following chapters will illustrate, neutron scattering offers unique opportunities to quantify properties of earth materials and processes. Focus of this volume is on scientific applications but issues of instrumental availabilities and methods of data processing are also covered to help scientists from such diverse fields as crystallography, mineral physics, geochemistry, rock mechanics, materials science, biomineralogy become familiar with neutron scattering. A few years ago European mineralogists spearheaded a similar initiative that resulted in a special issue of the European Journal of Mineralogy (Volume 14, 2002). Since then the field has much advanced and a review volume that is widely available is highly desirable. At present there is really no easy access for earth scientists to this field and a more focused treatise can complement Bacon's (1955) book, now in its third edition, which is still a classic. The purpose of this volume is to provide an introduction for those not yet familiar with neutrons by describing basic features of neutrons and their interaction with matter as well illustrating important applications. The volume is divided into 17 Chapters. The first two chapters introduce properties of neutrons and neutron facilities, setting the stage for applications. Some applications rely on single crystals (Chapter 3) but mostly powders (Chapters 4-5) and bulk polycrystals (Chapters 15-16) are analyzed, at ambient conditions as well as low and high temperature and high pressure (Chapters 7-9). Characterization of magnetic structures remains a core application of neutron scattering (Chapter 6). The analysis of neutron data is not trivial and crystallographic methods have been modified to take account of the complexities, such as the Rietveld technique (Chapter 4) and the pair distribution function (Chapter 11). Information is not only obtained about solids but about liquids, melts and aqueous solutions as well (Chapters 11-13). In fact this field, approached with inelastic scattering (Chapter 10) and small angle scattering (Chapter 13) is opening unprecedented opportunities for earth sciences. Small angle scattering also contributes information about microstructures (Chapter 14). Neutron diffraction has become a favorite method to quantify residual stresses in deformed materials (Chapter 16) as well as preferred orientation patterns (Chapter 15). The volume concludes with a short introduction into neutron tomography and radiography that may well emerge as a principal application of neutron scattering in the future (Chapter 17).

Description / Table of Contents: The importance of sulfide minerals in ores has long been, and continues to be, a major reason for the interest of mineralogists and geochemists in these materials. Determining the fundamental chemistry of sulfides is key to understanding their conditions of formation and, hence, the geological processes by which certain ore deposits have formed. This, in turn, may inform the strategies used in exploration for such deposits and their subsequent exploitation. In this context, knowledge of structures, stabilities, phase relations and transformations, together with the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic data, is critical. As with many geochemical systems, much can also be learned from isotopic studies. The practical contributions of mineralogists and geochemists to sulfide studies extend beyond areas related to geological applications. The mining of sulfide ores, to satisfy ever increasing world demand for metals, now involves extracting very large volumes of rock that contains a few percent at most (and commonly less than one percent) of the metal being mined. This is true of relatively low value metals such as copper; for the precious metals commonly occurring as sulfides, or associated with them, the mineable concentrations (grades) are very much lower. The "as-mined" ores therefore require extensive processing in order to produce a concentrate with a much higher percentage content of the metal being extracted. Such mineral processing (beneficiation) involves crushing and grinding of the ores to a very fine grain size in order to liberate the valuable metal-bearing (sulfide) minerals which can then be concentrated. In some cases, the metalliferous (sulfide) minerals may have specific electrical or magnetic properties that can be exploited to enable separation and, hence, concentration. More commonly, froth flotation is used, whereby the surfaces of particles of a particular mineral phase are rendered water repellent by the addition of chemical reagents and hence are attracted to air bubbles pulsed through a mineral particle-water-reagent pulp. An understanding of the surface chemistry and surface reactivity of sulfide minerals is central to this major industrial process and, of course, knowledge of electrical and magnetic properties is very important in cases where those particular properties can be utilized. In the years since the publication of the first ever Reviews in Mineralogy volume (1974, at that time called MSA "Short Course Notes") which was entitled Sulfide Mineralogy, sulfides have become a focus of research interest for reasons centering on at least two other areas in addition to their key role in ore deposit studies and mineral processing technology. It is in these two new areas that much of the research on sulfides has been concentrated in recent years. The first of these areas relates to the capacity of sulfides to react with natural waters and acidify them; the resulting Acid Rock Drainage (ARD), or Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) where the sulfides are the waste products of mining, has the capacity to damage or destroy vegetation, fish and other aquatic life forms. These acid waters may also accelerate the dissolution of associated minerals containing potentially toxic elements (e.g., As, Pb, Cd, Hg, etc.) and these may, in turn, cause environmental damage. The much greater public awareness of the need to prevent or control AMD and toxic metal pollution has led to regulation and legislation in many parts of the world, and to the funding of research programs aimed at a greater understanding of the factors controlling the breakdown of sulfide minerals. The second reason for even greater research interest in sulfide minerals arose initially from the discoveries of active hydrothermal systems in the deep oceans. The presence of life forms that have chemical rather than photosynthetic metabolisms, and that occur in association with newly-forming sulfides, has encouraged research on the potential of sulfide surfaces in catalyzing the reactions leading to assembling of the complex molecules needed for life on Earth. These developments have been associated with a great upsurge of interest in the interactions between microbes and minerals, and in the role that minerals can play in biological systems. In the rapidly growing field of geomicrobiology, metal sulfides are of major interest. This interest is related to a variety of processes including, for example, those where bacteria interact with sulfides as part of their metabolic activity and cause chemical changes such as oxidation or reduction, or those in which biogenic sulfide minerals perform a specific function, such as that of navigation in magnetotactic bacteria. The development of research in areas such as geomicrobiology and environmental mineralogy and geochemistry, is also leading to a greater appreciation of the role of sulfides (particularly the iron sulfides) in the geochemical cycling of the elements at or near the surface of the Earth. For example, the iron sulfides precipitated in the reducing environments beneath the surface of modern sediments in many estuarine areas may play a key role in the trapping of toxic metals and other pollutants. In our understanding of "Earth Systems," geochemical processes involving metal sulfides are an important part of the story. The main objective of the present text is to provide an up-to-date review of sulfide mineralogy and geochemistry. The emphasis is, therefore, on such topics as crystal structure and classification, electrical and magnetic properties, spectroscopic studies, chemical bonding, high and low temperature phase relations, thermochemistry, and stable isotope systematics. In the context of this book, emphasis is on metal sulfides sensu stricto where only the compounds of sulfur with one or more metals are considered. Where it is appropriate for comparison, there is brief discussion of the selenide or telluride analogs of the metal sulfides. When discussing crystal structures and structural relationships, the sulfosalt minerals as well as the sulfides are considered in some detail (see Chapter 2; also for definition of the term "sulfosalt"). However, in other chapters there is only limited discussion of sulfosalts, in part because there is little information available beyond knowledge of chemical composition and crystal structure.

Description / Table of Contents: The idea for this book was conceived in early June, 2005 at a paleoaltimetry workshop held at Lehigh University, Lehigh, Pennsyalvania and organized by Dork Sahagian. The workshop was funded by the tectonics program at NSF, and was designed to bring together researchers in paleoaltimetry to discuss different techniques and focus the community on ways of improving paleoelevation estimates and consequent interpretations of geodynamics and tectonics. At this meeting, some commented that a comprehensive volume describing the different methods could help advance the field. I offered to contact the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society about publishing a RiMG volume on paleoaltimetry. Because many of the techniques used to infer paleoelevations are geochemically-based or deal with thermodynamic principles, the GS and MSA agreed to the project. Two years and roughly 1000 e-mails later, our book has arrived. The book is organized into 4 sections: (1) Geodynamic and geomorphologic rationale (Clark). This chapter provides the broad rationale behind paleoaltimetry, i.e., why we study it. (2) Stable isotope proxies. These 4 chapters cover theory of stable isotopes in precipitation and their response to altitudinal gradients (Rowley), and stable isotopes sytematics in paleosols (Quade, Garzione and Eiler), silicates (Mulch and Chamberlain) and fossils (Kohn and Dettman). (3) Proxies of atmospheric properties. These 4 chapters cover temperature lapse rates (Meyer), entropy (Forest), and atmospheric pressure proxies, including total atmospheric pressure from gas bubbles in basalt (Sahagian and Proussevitch), and the partial pressure of CO2 (Kouwenberg, Kürshner, and McElwain). Note that clumped isotope thermometry (Quade, Garzione and Eiler) also provides direct estimates of temperature. (4) Radiogenic and cosmogenic nuclides. These 2 chapters cover low-temperature thermochronologic approaches (Reiners) and cosmogenic isotopes (Riihimaki and Libarkin). Some chapters overlap in general content (e.g., basic principles of stable isotopes in precipitation are covered to different degrees in all stable isotope chapters), but no attempt was made to limit authors' discussion of principles, or somehow attempt to arrive at a "consensus view" on any specific topic. Because science advances by critical discussion of concepts, such restrictions were viewed as counterproductive. This does mean that different chapters may present different views on reliability of paleoelevation estimates, and readers are advised to read other chapters in the book on related topics – they may be more closely linked than they might at first appear! I hope readers of this book will discover and appreciate the synergy among paleoaltimetry, climate change, and tectonic geomorphology. These interrelationships create a complex, yet rich field of scientific enquiry that in turn offers insights into climate and geodynamics.

Description / Table of Contents: An in-depth look at real analysis and its applications, including an introduction to wavelet analysis, a popular topic in "applied real analysis". This text makes a very natural connection between the classic pure analysis and the applied topics, including measure theory, Lebesgue Integral, harmonic analysis and wavelet theory with many associated applications.

Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this book is to report on the progress realized in probability theory in the field of dynamic random walks and to present applications in computer science, mathematical physics and finance. Each chapter contains didactical material as well as more advanced technical sections. Few appendices will help refreshing memories (if necessary!).

Description / Table of Contents: A. Mark Pollard: Geoarchaeology: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:7-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.01 --- Exploration --- Robert W. Vernon, J. Gerry McDonnell, and Armin Schmidt: Medieval iron and lead smelting works: a geophysical comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:15-34, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.02 --- Ruth E. Murdie, Peter Styles, Paula Upton, Phil Eardley, and Nigel J. Cassidy: Euler deconvolution methods used to determine the depth to archaeological features / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:35-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.03 --- Robert J. Cuss and Peter Styles: The application of microgravity in industrial archaeology: an example from the Williamson tunnels, Edge Hill, Liverpool / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:41-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.04 --- Environments --- Alf G. Latham, Andrew Herries, Patrick Quinney, Anthony Sinclair, and Kevin Kuykendall: The Makapansgat Australopithecine site from a speleological perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:61-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.05 --- Richard Tipping, Deborah Long, Stephen Carter, Donald Davidson, Andrew Tyler, and Brian Boag: Testing the potential of soil-stratigraphic palynology in podsols / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:79-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.06 --- Varyl R. Thorndycraft, Duncan Pirrie, and Anthony G. Brown: Tracing the record of early alluvial tin mining on Dartmoor, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:91-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.07 --- Resources --- Timothy P. Young and Gary R. Thomas: Provenancing iron ore from the Bristol Channel Orefield: the cargo of the Medieval Magor Pill Boat / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:103-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.08 --- Claire E. Lazareth and Jean-Claude C. Mercier: Geochemistry of ballast granites from Brouage and La Rochelle, France: evidence for medieval to post-medieval trade with Falmouth, Cornwall, and Donegal, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:123-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.09 --- Andrew R. Millard: Geochemistry and the early alum industry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:139-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.10 --- Paul Budd, Paul Lythgoe, Rona A. R. McGill, A. Mark Pollard, and Brett Scaife: Zinc isotope fractionation in liquid brass (Cu-Zn) alloy: potential environmental and archaeological applications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:147-153, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.11 --- Gary R. Thomas and Timothy P. Young: The determination of bloomery furnace mass balance and efficiency / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:155-164, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.12 --- V. V. Zaykov, A. P. Bushmakin, A. M. Yuminov, E. V. Zaykova, G. B. Zdanovich, A. D. Tairov, and Richard J. Herrington: Geoarchaeological research into the historical relics of the South Urals: problems, results, prospects / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 165:165-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.165.01.13

Description / Table of Contents: Paul D. Ryan: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:vii-x, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.01 --- P. D. Ryan and C. Mac Niocaill: Continental Tectonics: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.02 --- Peter F. Ballance: Simplification of the Southwest Pacific Neogene arcs: inherited complexity and control by a retreating pole of rotation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:7-19, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.03 --- Laurent Jolivet, Claudio Faccenna, Nicola D’Agostino, Marc Fournier, and Dan Worrall: The kinematics of back-arc basins, examples from the Tyrrhenian, Aegean and Japan Seas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:21-53, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.04 --- John Dewey and Maria Mange: Petrography of Ordovician and Silurian sediments in the western Irish Caledonides: tracers of a short-lived Ordovician continent-arc collision orogeny and the evolution of the Laurentian Appalachian-Caledonian margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:55-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.05 --- J. A. Plant, P. Stone, and J. R. Mendum: Regional geochemistry, terrane analysis and metallogeny in the British Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:109-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.06 --- Nicholas Rast, Frank R. Ettensohn, and Diana E. Rast: Taconian seismogenic deformation in the Appalachian Orogen and the North American Craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:127-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.07 --- M. P. Searle, D. J. Waters, M. W. Dransfield, B. J. Stephenson, C. B. Walker, J. D. Walker, and D. C. Rex: Thermal and mechanical models for the structural and metamorphic evolution of the Zanskar High Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:139-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.08 --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Separate episodes of eclogite and blueschist facies metamorphism in the Aegean metamorphic core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:157-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.09 --- V. Pease and J. Argent: The Northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part I: Structural profile through a crustal extensional detachment system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:179-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.10 --- V. Pease, D. Foster, J. Wooden, P. O’Sullivan, J. Argent, and C. Fanning: The Northern Sacramento Mountains, southwest United States. Part II: Exhumation history and detachment faulting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:199-203,NP,205-226,NP,228-232,NP,233-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.11 --- Z. R. Beydoun: Evolution and development of the Levant (Dead Sea Rift) Transform System: A historical-chronological review of a structural controversy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:239-255, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.12 --- M. A. Khan, J. Mechie, C. Birt, G. Byrne, S. Gaciri, B. Jacob, G. R. Keller, P. K. H. Maguire, O. Novak, I. O. Nyambok, J. P. Patel, C. Prodehl, D. Riaroh, S. Simiyu, and H. Thybo: The lithospheric structure of the Kenya Rift as revealed by wide-angle seismic measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:257-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.13 --- Garry D. Karner and Neal W. Driscoll: Style, timing and distribution of tectonic deformation across the Exmouth Plateau, northwest Australia, determined from stratal architecture and quantitative basin modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:271-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.14 --- Jeffrey A. Karson and C. Kent Brooks: Structural and magmatic segmentation of the Tertiary East Greenland Volcanic Rifted Margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:313-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.15 --- Erratum --- Erratum: Thermal and mechanical models for the structural and metamorphic evolution of the Zanskar High Himalaya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 164:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.164.01.17

Description / Table of Contents: Jan Alexander and Susan B. Marriott: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.01 --- Contemporary Floodplain Process --- A. P. Nicholas and S. J. McLelland: Hydrodynamics of a floodplain recirculation zone investigated by field monitoring and numerical simulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:15-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.02 --- Jan Alexander, Chris R. Fielding, and Geoff D. Pocock: Flood behaviour of the Burdekin River, tropical north Queensland, Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.03 --- D. E. Walling: Using fallout radionuclides in investigations of contemporary overbank sedimentation on the floodplains of British rivers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:41-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.04 --- Marcel Van Der Perk, Peter A. Burrough, Adrian S. C. Culling, Gennady V. Laptev, Boris Prister, Umberto Sansone, and Oleg V. Voiteskhovitch: Source and fate of Chernobyl-derived radiocaesium on floodplains in Ukraine / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:61-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.05 --- Basil Gomez, Dennis N. Eden, D. Murray Hicks, Noel A. Trustrum, David H. Peacock, and Janet Wilmshurst: Contribution of floodplain sequestration to the sediment budget of the Waipaoa River, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:69-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.06 --- Floodplain Management, Restoration and Ecology --- W. M. Adams and M. R. Perrow: Scientific and institutional constraints on the restoration of European floodplains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.07 --- Elizabeth S. Andrews: Identification of an ecologically based floodway: the case of the Cosumnes River, California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:99-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.08 --- Nathalie E. M. Asselman: The use of floodplain sedimentation measurements to evaluate the effects of river restoration works / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:111-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.09 --- Margriet M. Schoor, Henk P. Wolfert, Gilbert J. Maas, Hans Middelkoop, and Jurriaan J. P. Lambeek: Potential for floodplain rehabilitation based on historical maps and present-day processes along the River Rhine, The Netherlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:123-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.10 --- P. J. O’Donoghue: Somerset Levels and Moors: buying off the presumptive rights of landholders to manage the land as they see fit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:139-143, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.11 --- R. R. Boar, J. J. H. Kirby, and D. J. Leeming: Variations in the quality of the thatching reed Phragmites australis from wetlands in East Anglia, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:145-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.12 --- A. Hassan, T. C. Martin, and E. Mosselman: Island topography mapping for the Brahmaputra-Jamuna River using remote sensing and GIS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:153-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.13 --- Recent Floodplain Evolution and Deposits --- J. A. Cotton, G. L. Heritage, A. R. G. Large, and D. G. Passmore: Biotic response to late Holocene floodplain evolution in the River Irthing catchment, Cumbira / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:163-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.14 --- Mark Dinnin and Barbara Brayshay: The contribution of a multiproxy approach in reconstructing floodplain development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:179-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.15 --- Stephen Crooks: A mechanism for the formation of overconsolidated horizons within estuarine floodplain alluvium: implications for the interpretation of Holocene sea-level curves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:197-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.16 --- A. V. Panin, A. Yu. Sidorchuk, and A. V. Chernov: Historical background to floodplain morphology: examples from the East European Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:217-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.17 --- Yingkui Zhao, Chen Wu, and XiuQing Zhang: Palaeochannels and ground-water storage on the North China Plain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:231-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.18 --- L. J. Bottrill, D. E. Walling, and G. J. Leeks: Geochemical characteristics of overbank deposits and their potential for determining suspended sediment provenance; an example from the River Severn, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:241-257, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.19 --- Ancient Floodplain Evolution and Techniques for Analysis --- Jean-Paul Bravard and Jean-Luc Peiry: The CM pattern as a tool for the classification of alluvial suites and floodplains along the river continuum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:259-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.20 --- John S. Bridge: Alluvial architecture of the Mississippi valley: predictions using a 3D simulation model / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:269-278, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.21 --- V. P. Wright: Assessing flood duration gradients and fine-scale environmental change on ancient floodplains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:279-287, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.22 --- Paul J. McCarthy and A. Guy Plint: Floodplain palaeosols of the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada: Micromorphology, pedogenic processes and palaeoenvironmental implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:289-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.23 --- K. W. Liu: Nature and distribution of heavy minerals in the Natal Group, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 163:311-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.163.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Uwe Ring, Mark T. Brandon, Sean D. Willett, and Gordon S. Lister: Exhumation processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:1-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.01 --- Subduction-Related Accretionary Wedges (B-type Subduction) --- Richard L. Sedlock: Evaluation of exhumation mechanisms for coherent blueschists in western Baja California, Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:29-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.02 --- Uwe Ring and Mark T. Brandon: Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:55-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.03 --- Stuart N. Thomson, Bernhard Stöckhert, and Manfred R. Brix: Miocene high-pressure metamorphic rocks of Crete, Greece: rapid exhumation by buoyant escape / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.04 --- T. J. Rawling and G. S. Lister: Oscillating modes of orogeny in the Southwest Pacific and the tectonic evolution of New Caledonia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:109-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.05 --- R. P. Wintsch, T. Byrne, and M. Toriumi: Exhumation of the Sanbagawa blueschist belt, SW Japan, by lateral flow and extrusion: evidence from structural kinematics and retrograde P-T-t paths / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:129-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.06 --- Collisional Belts and Intra-Continental Convergence (A-type Subduction) --- Fritz Schlunegger and Sean Willett: Spatial and temporal variations in exhumation of the central Swiss Alps and implications for exhumation mechanisms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:157-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.07 --- Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Jean-Pierre Burg, and Christian Teyssier: Exhumation of migmatites in two collapsed orogens: Canadian Cordillera and French Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:181-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.08 --- Andrew T. Calvert, Phillip B. Gans, and Jeffrey M. Amato: Diapiric ascent and cooling of a sillimanite gneiss dome revealed by 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology: the Kigluaik Mountains, Seward Peninsula, Alaska / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:205-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.09 --- Allen F. Glazner: Exposure of deep, dense rocks: interplay between erosion and sinking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:233-239, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.10 --- J. McL. Miller, R. T. Gregory, D. R. Gray, and D. A. Foster: Geological and geochronological constraints on the exhumation of a high-pressure metamorphic terrane, Oman / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:241-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.11 --- Geoffrey E. Batt, Barry P. Kohn, Jean Braun, Ian McDougall, and Trevor R. Ireland: New insight into the dynamic development of the Southern Alps, New Zealand, from detailed thermochronological investigation of the Mataketake Range pegmatites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:261-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.12 --- John I. Garver, Mark T. Brandon, Mary Roden-Tice, and Peter J. J. Kamp: Exhumation history of orogenic highlands determined by detrital fission-track thermochronology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:283-304, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.13 --- Lithospheric Extension: Divergent Plate Motions (Rifting) --- M. A. Forster and G. S. Lister: Detachment faults in the Aegean core complex of Ios, Cyclades, Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:305-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.14 --- Laurel B. Goodwin: Controls on pseudotachylyte formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:325-342, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.15 --- David A. Foster and Barbara E. John: Quantifying tectonic exhumation in an extensional orogen with thermochronology: examples from the southern Basin and Range Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 154:343-364, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.154.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: K. J. W. McCaffrey: Dave Johnston: an appreciation and bibliography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.01 --- Lidia Lonergan, Jamie Wilkinson, and Ken McCaffrey: Fractures, fluid flow and mineralization: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:1-6, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.02 --- Fracture Populations --- S. Roberts, D. J. Sanderson, and P. Gumiel: Fractal analysis and percolation properties of veins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:7-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.03 --- Julia F. W. Stowell, Adrian P. Watson, and Neil F. C. Hudson: Geometry and population systematics of a quartz vein set, Holy Island, Anglesey, North Wales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:17-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.04 --- P. A. Gillespie, J. D. Johnston, M. A. Loriga, K. J. W. McCaffrey, J. J. Walsh, and J. Watterson: Influence of layering on vein systematics in line samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:35-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.05 --- Maria Antonietta Loriga: Scaling systematics of vein size: an example from the Guanajuato mining district (Central Mexico) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:57-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.06 --- Fluid Flow and Fracture Systems --- David J. Sanderson and Xing Zhang: Critical stress localization of flow associated with deformation of well-fractured rock masses, with implications for mineral deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:69-81, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.07 --- Mark A. Jones, Alec B. Pringle, Iain M. Fulton, and Shane O’Neill: Discrete fracture network modelling applied to groundwater resource exploitation in southwest Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:83-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.08 --- Peter Connolly and John Cosgrove: Prediction of static and dynamic fluid pathways within and around dilational jogs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:105-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.09 --- Structural Controls on Mineralization --- Stephen F. Cox: Deformational controls on the dynamics of fluid flow in mesothermal gold systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:123-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.10 --- Tom G. Blenkinsop and David J. Sanderson: Are gold deposits in the crust fractals? A study of gold mines in the Zimbabwe craton / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.11 --- S. J. Jolley, I. H. C. Henderson, A. C. Barnicoat, and N. P. C. Fox: Thrust-fracture network and hydrothermal gold mineralization: Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:153-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.12 --- Piergiorgio Rossetti and Fabrizio Colombo: Adularia-sericite gold deposits of Marmato (Caldas, Colombia): field and petrographical data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:167-182, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.13 --- Yannick Branquet, Alain Cheilletz, Gaston Giuliani, Bernard Laumonier, and Oscar Blanco: Fluidized hydrothermal breccia in dilatant faults during thrusting: the Colombian emerald deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:183-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.14 --- M. A. N. Brown, R. J. H. Jolly, W. Stone, and M. P. Coward: Nickel ore troughs in Archaean volcanic rocks, Kambalda, Western Australia: indicators of early extension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.15 --- I. R. Colke, J. Craig, and D. J. Blundell: Structural controls on the hydrocarbon and mineral deposits within the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:213-232, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.16 --- Irish Zn/Pb Deposits: Structure and Fluid Flow --- Murray W. Hitzman: Extensional faults that localize Irish syndiagenetic Zn-Pb Deposits and their reactivation during Variscan compression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.17 --- C. E. Everett, J. J. Wilkinson, and D. M. Rye: Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the Lower Palaeozoic basement rocks of Ireland: implications for the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:247-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.18 --- Helen Lewis and Gary D. Couples: Carboniferous basin evolution of central Ireland — simulation of structural controls on mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:277-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.19 --- G. D. Sevastopulo and P. Redmond: Age of mineralization of carbonate-hosted, base metal deposits in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:303-311, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.20 --- B. M. O’Reilly, P. W. Readman, and T. Murphy: Gravity lineaments and Carboniferous-hosted base metal deposits of the Irish Midlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 155:313-321, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.155.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: B. Durand and L. Jolivet: Foreword / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:vii-ix, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.01 --- L. Jolivet, D. Frizon de Lamotte, A. Mascle, and M. Séranne: The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen — an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:1-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.02 --- Western Mediterranean --- Michel Séranne: The Gulf of Lion continental margin (NW Mediterranean) revisited by IBS: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:15-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.03 --- N. Chamot-Rooke, J.-M. Gaulier, and F. Jestin: Constraints on Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Liguro-Provençal basin from a 3D gravity inversion: geodynamic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:37-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.04 --- J. Vergés and F. Sàbat: Constraints on the Neogene Mediterranean kinematic evolution along a 1000 km transect from Iberia to Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:63-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.05 --- A. Benedicto, M. Séguret, and P. Labaume: Interaction between faulting, drainage and sedimentation in extensional hanging-wall syncline basins: example of the Oligocene Matelles basin (Gulf of Lion rifted margin, SE France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:81-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.06 --- H. P. Zeck: Alpine plate kinematics in the western Mediterranean: a westward-directed subduction regime followed by slab roll-back and slab detachment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:109-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.07 --- Alain Mascle and Roland Vially: The petroleum systems of the Southeast Basin and Gulf of Lion (France) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:121-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.08 --- Marjorie Wilson and Gianluca Bianchini: Tertiary-Quaternary magmatism within the Mediterranean and surrounding regions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:141-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.09 --- A. Mauffret and I. Contrucci: Crustal structure of the North Tyrrhenian Sea: first result of the multichannel seismic LISA cruise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:169-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.10 --- Pannonian Basin --- Frank Horváth and Gábor Tari: IBS Pannonian Basin project: a review of the main results and their bearings on hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:195-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.11 --- Gábor Tari, Péter Dövényi, István Dunkl, Frank Horváth, László Lenkey, Mihai Stefanescu, Péter Szafián, and Tamás Tóth: Lithospheric structure of the Pannonian basin derived from seismic, gravity and geothermal data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:215-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.12 --- István Györfi, László Csontos, and András Nagymarosy: Early Tertiary structural evolution of the border zone between the Pannonian and Transylvanian Basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:251-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.13 --- P. Gerner, G. Bada, P. Dövényi, B. Müller, M. C. Oncescu, S. Cloetingh, and F. Horváth: Recent tectonic stress and crustal deformation in and around the Pannonian Basin: data and models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:269-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.14 --- László Fodor, László Csontos, Gábor Bada, István Györfi, and László Benkovics: Tertiary tectonic evolution of the Pannonian Basin system and neighbouring orogens: a new synthesis of palaeostress data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:295-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.15 --- E. Juhász, L. Phillips, P. Müller, B. Ricketts, Á. Tóth-Makk, M. Lantos, and L. Ó. Kovács: Late Neogene sedimentary facies and sequences in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:335-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.16 --- Marco Sacchi, Frank Horváth, and Orsolya Magyari: Role of unconformity-bounded units in the stratigraphy of the continental record: a case study from the Late Miocene of the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:357-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.17 --- R. T. Van Balen, L. Lenkey, F. Horváth, and S. A. P. L. Cloetingh: Two-dimensional modelling of stratigraphy and compaction-driven fluid flow in the Pannonian Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:391-414, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.18 --- Eastern Mediterranean --- Denis Hatzfeld: The present-day tectonics of the Aegean as deduced from seismicity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:415-426, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.19 --- L. Jolivet and M. Patriat: Ductile extension and the formation of the Aegean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:427-456, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.20 --- A. L. W. Lips, J. R. Wijbrans, and S. H. White: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe dating of white mica fabrics from the Pelion Massif, Pelagonian Zone, Internal Hellenides, Greece: implications for the timing of metamorphic episodes and tectonic events in the Aegean region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:457-474, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.21 --- Aral I. Okay and Okan Tüysüz: Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:475-515, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.22 --- General --- P. A. Ziegler and F. Roure: Petroleum systems of Alpine-Mediterranean foldbelts and basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:517-540, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.23 --- C. Doglioni, E. Gueguen, P. Harabaglia, and F. Mongelli: On the origin of west-directed subduction zones and applications to the western Mediterranean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156:541-561, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: LISP-UK Studies --- K. S. Black and D. M. Paterson: LISP-UK Littoral Investigation of Sediment Properties: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.01 --- K. R. Dyer: The typology of intertidal mudflats / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:11-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.02 --- Carl L. Amos, M. Brylinsky, T. F. Sutherland, D. O’Brien, S. Lee, and A. Cramp: The stability of a mudflat in the Humber estuary, South Yorkshire, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:25-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.03 --- M. C. Christie and K. R. Dyer: Measurements of the turbid tidal edge over the Skeffling mudflats / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:45-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.04 --- D. J. Law and A. J. Bale: In situ characterization of suspended particles using focused-beam, laser reflectance particle sizing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:57-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.05 --- Sue L. Brown: Sedimentation on a Humber saltmarsh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:69-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.06 --- John Widdows, Mary Brinsley, and Mike Elliott: Use of in situ flume to quantify particle flux (biodeposition rates and sediment erosion) for an intertidal mudflat in relation to changes in current velocity and benthic macrofauna / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:85-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.07 --- K. H. Wiltshire, T. Tolhurst, D. M. Paterson, I. Davidson, and G. Gust: Pigment fingerprints as markers of erosion and changes in cohesive sediment surface properties in simulated and natural erosion events / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:99-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.08 --- J. T. Davey and V. A. Partridge: The macrofaunal communities of the Skeffling muds (Humber estuary), with special reference to bioturbation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:115-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.09 --- Graham J. C. Underwood and David J. Smith: In situ measurements of exopolymer production by intertidal epipelic diatom-dominated biofilms in the Humber estuary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:125-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.10 --- G. Ruddy, C. M. Turley, and T. E. R. Jones: Ecological interaction and sediment transport on an intertidal mudflat I. Evidence for a biologically mediated sediment-water interface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:135-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.11 --- G. Ruddy, C. M. Turley, and T. E. R. Jones: Ecological interaction and sediment transport on an intertidal mudflat II. An experimental dynamic model of the sediment-water interface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:149-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.12 --- R. G. Wood, K. S. Black, and C. F. Jago: Measurements and preliminary modelling of current velocity over an intertidal mudflat, Humber estuary, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:167-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.13 --- Generic Studies --- Hugo N. Rodriguez and Ashish J. Mehta: Considerations on wave-induced fluid mud streaming at open coasts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:177-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.14 --- W. T. B. Van Der Lee: The impact of fluid shear and the suspended sediment concentration on the mud floc size variation in the Dollard estuary, The Netherlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:187-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.15 --- Ole Mikkelsen and Morten Pejrup: Comparison of flocculated and dispersed suspended sediment in the Dollard estuary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:199-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.16 --- R. J. Uncles, J. A. Stephens, and C. Harris: Seasonal variability of subtidal and intertidal sediment distributions in a muddy, macrotidal estuary: the Humber-Ouse, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:211-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.17 --- N. M. Ryan and J. A. G. Cooper: Spatial variability of tidal flats in response to wave exposure: examples from Strangford Lough, Co. Down, Northern Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:221-230, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.18 --- Bart A. Kornman and Eric M. G. T. De Deckere: Temporal variation in sediment erodibility and suspended sediment dynamics in the Dollard estuary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:231-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.19 --- Andrew B. Cundy, Philip E. F. Collins, Simon D. Turner, Ian W. Croudace, and David Horne: 100 years of environmental change in a coastal wetland, Augusta Bay, southeast Sicily: evidence from geochemical and palaeoecological studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:243-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.20 --- Richard J. S. Whitehouse and Helen J. Mitchener: Observations of the morphodynamic behaviour of an intertidal mudflat at different timescales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:255-271, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.21 --- J. Hull and R. Nunny: Mapping intertidal sediment distributions using the RoxAnn System, Dornoch Firth, NE Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:273-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.22 --- R. Riethmüller, J. H. M. Hakvoort, M. Heineke, K. Heymann, H. Kühl, and G. Witte: Relating erosion shear stress to tidal flat surface colour / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:283-293, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.23 --- T. F. Sutherland, C. L. Amos, and J. Grant: The erosion threshold of biotic sediments: a comparison of methods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:295-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.24 --- Masroor A. Shaikh, Azra Meadows, and Peter S. Meadows: Biological control of avalanching and slope stability in the intertidal zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:309-329, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.25 --- Peter S. Meadows, Azra Meadows, Fraser J. C. West, Peter S. Shand, and Masroor A. Shaikh: Mussels and mussel beds (Mytilus edulis) as stabilizers of sedimentary environments in the intertidal zone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:331-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.26 --- Peter S. Meadows, John M. H. Murray, Azra Meadows, David Muir Wood, and Fraser J. C. West: Microscale biogeotechnical differences in intertidal sedimentary ecosystems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:349-366, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.27 --- Azra Meadows, Peter S. Meadows, and Pat McLaughlin: Spatial heterogeneity in an intertidal sedimentary environment and its macrobenthic community / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:367-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.28 --- L. A. Boorman, A. Garbutt, and D. Barratt: The role of vegetation in determining patterns of the accretion of salt marsh sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 139:389-399, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.139.01.29

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction and Overviews --- J.-P. Henriet and J. Mienert: Gas Hydrates: the Gent debates. Outlook on research horizons and strategies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:1-8, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.01 --- K. A. Kvenvolden: A primer on the geological occurrence of gas hydrate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:9-30, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.02 --- E. D. Sloan, Jr: Physical/chemical properties of gas hydrates and application to world margin stability and climatic change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:31-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.03 --- Analysis and Modelling of Hydrate Formation --- G. D. Ginsburg: Gas hydrate accumulation in deep-water marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:51-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.04 --- A. W. Rempel and B. A. Buffett: Mathematical models of gas hydrate accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.05 --- R. J. Bakker: Improvements in clathrate modelling II: the H2O-CO2-CH4-N2-C2H6 fluid system / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:75-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.06 --- H. Lu and R. Matsumoto: Synthesis of CO2 hydrate in various CH3CO2Na/CH3CO2H pH buffer solutions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:107-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.07 --- Exploration Strategy and Reservoir Evaluation Methodology --- J. S. Booth, W. J. Winters, W. P. Dillon, M. B. Clennell, and M. M. Rowe: Major occurrences and reservoir concepts of marine clathrate hydrates: implications of field evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:113-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.08 --- D. Goldberg and S. Saito: Detection of gas hydrates using downhole logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:129-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.09 --- J. W. Hobro, T. A. Minshull, and S. C. Singh: Tomographic seismic studies of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Cascadia Margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:133-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.10 --- U. Tinivella, E. Lodolo, A. Camerlenghi, and G. Boehm: Seismic tomography study of a bottom simulating reflector off the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:141-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.11 --- Worldwide Gas Hydrate Occurrences and Regional Case Studies --- C. K. Paull, W. S. Borowski, and N. M. Rodriguez: Marine gas hydrate inventory: preliminary results of ODP Leg 164 and implications for gas venting and slumping associated with the Blake Ridge gas hydrate field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:153-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.12 --- R. Thiéry, R. Bakker, and C. Monnin: Geochemistry of gas hydrates and associated fluids in the sediments of a passive continental margin. Preliminary results of the ODP Leg 164 on the Blake Outer Ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:161-165, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.13 --- G. J. De Lange and H.-J. Brumsack: The occurrence of gas hydrates in Eastern Mediterranean mud dome structures as indicated by pore-water composition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:167-175, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.14 --- J. M. Woodside, M. K. Ivanov, and A. F. Limonov: Shallow gas and gas hydrates in the Anaximander Mountains region, eastern Mediterranean Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:177-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.15 --- M. K. Ivanov, A. F. Limonov, and J. M. Woodside: Extensive deep fluid flux through the sea floor on the Crimean continental margin (Black Sea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:195-213, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.16 --- S. V. Bouriak and A. M. Akhmetjanov: Origin of gas hydrate accumulations on the continental slope of the Crimea from geophysical studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:215-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.17 --- D. Long, S. Lammers, and P. Linke: Possible hydrate mounds within large sea-floor craters in the Barents Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:223-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.18 --- M. Veerayya, S. M. Karisiddaiah, K. H. Vora, B. G. Wagle, and F. Almeida: Detection of gas-charged sediments and gas hydrate horizons along the western continental margin of India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:239-253, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.19 --- S. Neben, K. Hinz, and H. Beiersdorf: Reflection characteristics, depth and geographical distribution of bottom simulating reflectors within the accretionary wedge of Sulawesi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:255-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.20 --- G. Delisle, H. Beiersdorf, S. Neben, and D. Steinmann: The geothermal field of the North Sulawesi accretionary wedge and a model on BSR migration in unstable depositional environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:267-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.21 --- Relevance to Margin Stability and Climatic Change --- J. Mienert, J. Posewang, and M. Baumann: Gas hydrates along the northeastern Atlantic margin: possible hydrate-bound margin instabilities and possible release of methane / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:275-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.22 --- W. P. Dillon, W. W. Danforth, D. R. Hutchinson, R. M. Drury, M. H. Taylor, and J. S. Booth: Evidence for faulting related to dissociation of gas hydrate and release of methane off the southeastern United States / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:293-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.23 --- B. U. Haq: Natural gas hydrates: searching for the long-term climatic and slope-stability records / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:303-318, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.24 --- R. B. Thorpe, J. A. Pyle, and E.G. Nisbet: What does the ice-core record imply concerning the maximum climatic impact of possible gas hydrate release at Termination 1A? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:319-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.25 --- D. Raynaud, J. Chappellaz, and T. Blünier: Ice-core record of atmospheric methane changes: relevance to climatic changes and possible gas hydrate sources / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 137:327-331, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.137.01.26

Description / Table of Contents: J. F. Dewey, R. E. Holdsworth, and R. A. Strachan: Transpression and transtension zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:1-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.01 --- Modelling Transpression and Transtension --- Haakon Fossen and Basil Tikoff: Extended models of transpression and transtension, and application to tectonic settings / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:15-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.02 --- Richard R. Jones and Robert E. Holdsworth: Oblique simple shear in transpression zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:35-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.03 --- Shoufa Lin, Dazhi Jiang, and Paul F. Williams: Transpression (or transtension) zones of triclinic symmetry: natural example and theoretical modelling / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:41-57, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.04 --- Guido Schreurs and Bernard Colletta: Analogue modelling of faulting in zones of continental transpression and transtension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:59-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.05 --- Continental Transform Zones --- R. W. H. Butler, S. Spencer, and H. M. Griffiths: The structural response to evolving plate kinematics during transpression: evolution of the Lebanese restraining bend of the Dead Sea Transform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:81-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.06 --- Enrico Tavarnelli: Tectonic evolution of the Northern Salinian Block, California, USA: Paleogene to Recent shortening in a transform fault-bounded continental fragment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:107-118, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.07 --- Derek Rust: Contractional and extensional structures in the transpressive ‘Big Bend’ of the San Andreas fault, southern California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:119-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.08 --- Jurriaan Reijs and Ken McClay: Salar Grande pull-apart basin, Atacama Fault System, northern Chile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:127-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.09 --- Christian Teyssier and Basil Tikoff: Strike-slip partitioned transpression of the San Andreas fault system: a lithospheric-scale approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:143-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.10 --- Oblique Divergence Zones --- Maarten Krabbendam and John F. Dewey: Exhumation of UHP rocks by transtension in the Western Gneiss Region, Scandinavian Caledonides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:159-181, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.11 --- Roy K. Dokka, Timothy M. Ross, and Gang Lu: The Trans Mojave-Sierran shear zone and its role in Early Miocene collapse of southwestern North America / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:183-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.12 --- M. K. Watkeys and D. Sokoutis: Transtension in southeastern Africa associated with Gondwana break-up / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:203-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.13 --- Mark B. Allen, David I. M. Macdonald, Zhao Xun, Stephen J. Vincent, and Christine Brouet-Menzies: Transtensional deformation in the evolution of the Bohai Basin, northern China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:215-229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.14 --- Oblique Convergence Zones --- Hans Dirk Ebert and Yociteru Hasui: Transpressional tectonics and strain partitioning during oblique collision between three plates in the Precambrian of southeast Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:231-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.15 --- Rod Gayer, Tanya Hathaway, and Michal Nemcok: Transpressionally driven rotation in the external orogenic zones of the Western Carpathians and the SW British Variscides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:253-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.16 --- G. Gleizes, D. Leblanc, and J. L. Bouchez: The main phase of the Hercynian orogeny in the Pyrenees is a dextral transpression / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:267-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.17 --- David C. Tanner, Jan H. Behrmann, Onno Oncken, and Klaus Weber: Three-dimensional retro-modelling of transpression on a linked fault system: the Upper Cretaceous deformation on the western border of the Bohemian Massif, Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:275-287, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.18 --- M. L. Curtis: Development of kinematic partitioning within a pure-shear dominated dextral transpression zone: the southern Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:289-306, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.19 --- M. P. Searle, R. F. Weinberg, and W. J. Dunlap: Transpressional tectonics along the Karakoram fault zone, northern Ladakh: constraints on Tibetan extrusion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:307-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.20 --- Michel De Saint Blanquat, Basil Tikoff, Christian Teyssier, and Jean Louis Vigneresse: Transpressional kinematics and magmatic arcs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:327-340, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.21 --- Marcello Schiattarella: Quaternary tectonics of the Pollino Ridge, Calabria-Lucania boundary, southern Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 135:341-354, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.135.01.22

Description / Table of Contents: Measurement, Scaling and Calibration --- C. S. Bristow and B. J. Williamson: Spectral gamma ray logs: core to log calibration, facies analysis and correlation problems in the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:1-7, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.01 --- P. W. M. Corbett, J. L. Jensen, and K. S. Sorbie: A review of up-scaling and cross-scaling issues in core and log data interpretation and prediction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:9-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.02 --- A. R. Duncan, G. Dean, and D. A. L. Collie: Quantitative density measurements from X-ray radiometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:17-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.03 --- P. K. Harvey, T. S. Brewer, M. A. Lovell, and S. A. Kerr: The estimation of modal mineralogy: a problem of accuracy in core-log calibration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:25-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.04 --- M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, P. D. Jackson, T. S. Brewer, G. Williamson, and C. G. Williams: Interpretation of core and log data—integration or calibration? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:39-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.05 --- M. H. Ramsey, P. J. Watkins, and M. S. Sams: Estimation of measurement uncertainty for in situ borehole determinations using a geochemical logging tool / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:53-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.06 --- Physical and Chemical Properties --- Z. M. Ahmadi and A. L. Coe: Methods for simulating natural gamma ray and density wireline logs from measurements on outcrop exposures and samples: examples from the Upper Jurassic, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:65-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.07 --- M. M. Herron and S. L. Herron: Quantitative lithology: open and cased hole application derived from integrated core chemistry and mineralogy database / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:81-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.08 --- A. Kingdon, S. F. Rogers, C. J. Evans, and N. R. Brereton: The comparison of core and geophysical log measurements obtained in the Nirex investigation of the Sellafield region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:97-113, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.9 --- C. Lauer-Leredde, P. A. Pezard, F. Touron, and I. Dekeyser: Forward modelling of the physical properties of oceanic sediments: constraints from core and logs, with palaeoclimatic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:115-127, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.10 --- G. Wadge, D. Benaouda, G. Ferrier, R. B. Whitmarsh, R. G. Rothwell, and C. Macleod: Lithological classification within ODP holes using neural networks trained from integrated core-log data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:129-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.11 --- Petrophysical Relationships --- A. C. Bastos, L. D. Dillon, G. F. Vasquez, and J. A. Soares: Core-derived acoustic, porosity & permeability correlations for computation pseudo-logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:141-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.12 --- P. S. Denicol and X. D. Jing: Effects of water salinity, saturation and clay content on the complex resistivity of sandstone samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:147-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.13 --- J. R. Samworth: Complementary functions reveal data hidden in your logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:159-171, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.14 --- A. Shakeel and M. S. King: Acoustic wave anisotropy in sandstones with systems of aligned cracks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:173-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.15 --- B. Widarsono, J. R. Marsden, and M. S. King: In situ stress prediction using differential strain analysis and ultrasonic shear-wave splitting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:185-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.16 --- R. H. Worden: Dolomite cement distribution in a sandstone from core and wireline data: the Triassic fluvial Chaunoy Formation, Paris Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:197-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.17 --- P. F. Worthington: Conjunctive interpretation of core and log data through association of the effective and total porosity models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:213-223, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.18 --- S. Xu and R. White: Permeability prediction in anisotropic shaly formations / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:225-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.19 --- Integration of Core and Borehole Images --- T. M. Goodall, N. K. Møller, and T. M. Rønningsland: The integration of electrical image logs with core data for improved sedimentological interpretation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:237-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.20 --- D. Haller and F. Porturas: How to characterize fractures in reservoirs using borehole and core images: case studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:249-259, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.21 --- P. D. Jackson, P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, D. A. Gunn, C. G. Williams, and R. C. Flint: Measurement scale and formation heterogeneity: effects on the integration of resistivity data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:261-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.22 --- J C. Lofts and J. F. Bristow: Aspects of core-log integration: an approach using high resolution images / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:273-283, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.23 --- C. O. Major, C. Pirmez, and D. Goldberg: High-resolution core-log integration techniques: examples from the Ocean Drilling Program / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:285-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.24 --- Applications and Case Studies --- M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, C. Laverne, and G. Bronner: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, I: stratigraphy of eruptive products and accretion processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:297-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.25 --- M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, G. Bronner, P. Tartarotti, and C. Laverne: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, III: faulting and fluid circulation. Constraints from integration of FMS images, geophysical logs and core data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:311-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.26 --- S. A. Barclay and R. H. Worden: Quartz cement volumes across oil-water contacts in oil fields from petrography and wireline logs: preliminary results from the Magnus Field, Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:327-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.27 --- T. S. Brewer, P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, S. Haggas, G. Williamson, and P. Pezard: Ocean floor volcanism: constraints from the integration of core and downhole logging measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:341-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.28 --- C. J. Bücker, H. Delius, and J. Wohlenberg: Physical signature of basaltic volcanics drilled on the northeast Atlantic volcanic rifted margins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:363-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.29 --- C. A. Gonçalves and L. Ewert: Development of the Cote D’Ivoire-Ghana transform margin: evidence from the integration of core and wireline log data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:375-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.30 --- P. Tartarotti, M. Ayadi, P. A. Pezard, C. Laverne, and F. D. De Larouziere: Multi-scalar structure at DSDP/ODP Site 504, Costa Rica Rift, II: fracturing and alteration. An integrated study from core, downhole measurements and borehole wall images / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 136:391-412, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.31

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Christophe Sempéré, Brian P. West, and Louis Géli: The Southeast Indian Ridge between 127° and 132°40′E: contrasts in segmentation characteristics and implications for crustal accretion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.01 --- Philippe Blondel: Segmentation of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Azores, based on acoustic classification of TOBI data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:17-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.02 --- Eddie McAllister and Johnson R. Cann: Initiation and evolution of boundary-wall faults along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 25–29°N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:29-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.03 --- Simon Allerton, Roger C. Searle, and Bramley J. Murton: Bathymetric segmentation and faulting on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 24°00′N to 24°40′N / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:49-60, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.04 --- Kate Lawson, Roger C. Searle, Julian A. Pearce, Paul Browning, and Pamela Kempton: Detailed volcanic geology of the MARNOK area, Mid-Atlantic Ridge north of Kane transform / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:61-102, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.05 --- Rodey Batiza: Magmatic segmentation of mid-ocean ridges: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:103-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.06 --- C. J. Robinson, R. S. White, M. J. Bickle, and T. A. Minshull: Restricted melting under the very slow-spreading Southwest Indian ridge / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:131-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.07 --- Stephen J. Edwards, Trevor J. Falloon, John Malpas, and Rolf B. Pedersen: A review of the petrology of harzburgites at Hess Deep and Garrett Deep: implications for mantle processes beneath segments of the East Pacific Rise / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.08 --- Rachel M. Haymon: The response of ridge-crest hydrothermal systems to segmented, episodic magma supply / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:157-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.09 --- C. R. German, L. M. Parson, B. J. Murton, and H. D. Needham: Hydrothermal activity and ridge segmentation on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a tale of two hot-spots? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:169-184, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.10 --- C. J. MacLeod and C. E. Manning: Influence of axial segmentation on hydrothermal circulation at fast-spreading ridges: insights from Hess Deep / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:185-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.11 --- V. V. Zaykov, V. V. Maslennikov, E. V. Zaykova, and R. J. Herrington: Hydrothermal activity and segmentation in the Magnitogorsk-West Mugodjarian zone on the margins of the Urals palaeo-ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:199-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.12 --- Eve C. Southward, Verena Tunnicliffe, Michael B. Black, David R. Dixon, and Linda R.J. Dixon: Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.13 --- Verena Tunnicliffe, C. Mary R. Fowler, and Andrew G. Mcarthur: Plate tectonic history and hot vent biogeography / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.14 --- E. G. Nisbet and C. M. R. Fowler: The hydrothermal imprint on life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis begin around hydrothermal vents? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 118:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.118.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Geology of Siliciclastic Shelves --- O. Michelsen and M. Danielsen: Sequence and systems tract interpretation of the epicontinental Oligocene deposits in the Danish North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:1-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.01 --- P. B. Konradi: Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the post-mid-Miocene in the Danish Central Trough, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:15-22, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.02 --- P. Jacobs and M. De Batist: Sequence stratigraphy and architecture on a ramp-type continental shelf: the Belgian Palaeogene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:23-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.03 --- D. Mellere and R. J. Steel: Tidal sedimentation in Inner Hebrides half grabens, Scotland: the Mid-Jurassic Bearreraig Sandstone Formation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:49-79, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.04 --- L. A. Spalletti: Estuarine and shallow-marine sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary west-central Patagonian Basin (Argentina) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:81-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.05 --- Modern siliciclastic Shelves: Architecture, Sea Level, Tectonics and Sediment Supply --- J. B. Anderson, K. Abdulah, S. Sarzalejo, F. Siringan, and M. A. Thomas: Late Quaternary sedimentation and high-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the east Texas shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.06 --- G. Ercilla and B. Alonso: Quaternary siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy of western Mediterranean passive and tectonically active margins: the role of global versus local controlling factors / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:125-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.07 --- F. J. Hernández-Molina, L. Somoza, and J. Rey: Late Pleistocene-Holocene high-resolution sequence analysis on the Alboran Sea continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:139-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.08 --- A. Correggiari, M. E. Field, and F. Trincardi: Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:155-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.09 --- P. J. Bart and J. B. Anderson: Seismic expression of depositional sequences associated with expansion and contraction of ice sheets on the northwestern Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:171-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.10 --- H. P. Sejrup, E. L. King, I. Aarseth, H. Haflidason, and A. Elverhøi: Quaternary erosion and depositional processes: western Norwegian fjords, Norwegian Channel and North Sea Fan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.11 --- G. Lericolais, P. Guennoc, J.-P. Auffret, J.-F. Bourillet, and S. Berne: Detailed survey of the western end of the Hurd Deep (English Channel): new facts for a tectonic origin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:203-215, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.12 --- Nearshore and Coastal Environments --- J. M. L. Dominguez: The São Francisco strandplain: a paradigm for wave-dominated deltas? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:217-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.13 --- J. V. Barrie and K. W. Conway: Evolution of a nearshore and coastal macrotidal sand transport system, Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:233-247, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.14 --- W. J. Cleary, S. R. Riggs, D. C. Marcy, and S. W. Snyder: The influence of inherited geological framework upon a hardbottom-dominated shoreface on a high-energy shelf: Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:249-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.15 --- V. Eitner, R. Kaiser, H. D. Niemeyer, and V. Eitner: Nearshore sediment transport processes due to moderate hydrodynamic conditions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:267-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.16 --- New Techniques in Continental Shelf Research --- R. J. De Meijer, I. C. Tánczos, and C. Stapel: Radiometry as a technique for use in coastal research / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:289-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.17 --- T. Missiaen, T. M. McGee, D. Pearks, G. Ollier, and F. Theilen: An interdisciplinary approach to the evaluation of physical parameters of shallow marine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:299-322, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.18 --- A. M. Davis: Geophysics in offshore site investigation: a review of the state of the art / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 117:323-338, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: J. J. Veldkamp, M. G. Gaillard, H. A. Jonkers, B. K. Levell, M. G. Gaillard, and H. A. Jonkers: A Kimmeridgian time-slice through the Humber Group of the central North Sea: a test of sequence stratigraphic methods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:1-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.01 --- Alan Carruthers, Tom Mckie, John Price, Robin Dyer, Gwydion Williams, and Paul Watson: The application of sequence stratigraphy to the understanding of Late Jurassic turbidite plays in the Central North Sea, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:29-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.02 --- M. J. David: History of hydrocarbon exploration in the Moray Firth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:47-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.03 --- Richard J. Davies, Kevin J. Stephen, John R. Underhill, Richard J. Davies, and Kevin J. Stephen: A re-evaluation of Middle and Upper Jurassic stratigraphy and the flooding history of the Moray Firth Rift System, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:81-108, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.04 --- S. D. Harker and M. Rieuf: Genetic stratigraphy and sandstone distribution of the Moray Firth Humber Group (Upper Jurassic) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:109-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.05 --- Claire R. Hallsworth, Andrew C. Morton, and Graham Dore: Contrasting mineralogy of Upper Jurassic sandstones in the Outer Moray Firth, North Sea: implications for the evolution of sediment dispersal patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:131-144, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.06 --- R. E. Frost and J. F. Rose: Tectonic quiescence punctuated by strike-slip movement: influences on Late Jurassic sedimentation in the Moray Firth and the North Sea region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:145-162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.07 --- M. A. Martin, J. E. Pollard, and M. A. Martin: The role of trace fossil (ichnofabric) analysis in the development of depositional models for the Upper Jurassic Fulmar Formation of the Kittiwake Field (Quadrant 21 UKCS) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:163-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.08 --- Stuart Gowland: Facies characteristics and depositional models of highly bioturbated shallow marine siliciclastic strata: an example from the Fulmar Formation (Late Jurassic), UK Central Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:185-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.09 --- S. J. C. Cannon and S. Gowland: Facies controls on reservoir quality in the Late Jurassic Fulmar Formation, Quadrant 21, UKCS / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:215-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.10 --- Geoff Freer, Andrew Hurst, and Paul Middleton: Upper Jurassic sandstone reservoir quality and distribution on the Fladen Ground Spur / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:235-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.11 --- C. Y. McCants and S. D. Burley: Reservoir architecture and diagenesis in downthrown fault block plays: the Lowlander Prospect of Block 14/20b, Witch Ground Graben, Outer Moray Firth, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:251-285, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.12 --- Michael J. Pearson, Alasdair D. Duncan, and Alasdair D. Duncan: Biomarker maturity profiles in the Inner Moray Firth Basin and implications for inversion estimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:287-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.13 --- B. Dickinson: The Puffin Field: the appraisal of a complex HP-HT gas-condensate accumulation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:299-327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.14 --- Susan Currie: The development of the Ivanhoe, Rob Roy and Hamish Fields, Block 15/21A, UK North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 114:329-341, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.114.01.15

Description / Table of Contents: Alan E. S. Kemp: Laminated sediments as palaeo-indicators / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:vii-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.01 --- Controls on Formation and Strategies for Study --- Roger Y. Anderson: Seasonal sedimentation: a framework for reconstructing climatic and environmental change / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:1-15, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.02 --- Constance Sancetta: Laminated diatomaceous sediments: controls on formation and strategies for analysis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:17-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.03 --- Neal R. O’Brien: Shale lamination and sedimentary processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:23-36, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.04 --- Methods and Techniques --- Jennifer Pike and Alan E. S. Kemp: Preparation and analysis techniques for studies of laminated sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:37-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.05 --- Bernd Zolitschka: Image analysis and microscopic investigation of annually laminated lake sediments from Fayetteville Green Lake (NY, USA) Lake C2 (NWT, Canada) and Holzmaar (Germany): a comparison / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:49-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.06 --- Lacustrine Environments --- Konrad A. Hughen, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Robert F. Anderson, and Kerstin M. Williams: The potential for palaeoclimate records from varved Arctic lake sediments: Baffin Island, Eastern Canadian Arctic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:57-71, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.07 --- Gunilla Petterson: Varved sediments in Sweden: a brief review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:73-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.08 --- A. B. Leslie, A. C. Kendall, G. M. Harwood, and D. W. Powers: Conflicting indicators of palaeodepth during deposition of the Upper Permian Castile Formation, Texas and New Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:79-92, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.09 --- California Borderland Basins --- D. S. Gorsline, Enrique Nava-Sanchez, and Janette Murillo de Nava: A survey of occurrences of Holocene laminated sediments in California Borderland Basins: products of a variety of depositional processes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:93-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.10 --- James W. Hagadorn: Laminated sediments of Santa Monica Basin, California continental borderland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:111-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.11 --- Arndt Schimmelmann and Carina B. Lange: Tales of 1001 varves: a review of Santa Barbara Basin sediment studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:121-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.12 --- David Bull and Alan E. S. Kemp: Composition and origins of laminae in late Quaternary and Holocene sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:143-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.13 --- Continental Margin and Other Marine Basins --- Jennifer Pike and Alan E. S. Kemp: Records of seasonal flux in Holocene laminated sediments, Gulf of California / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:157-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.14 --- Konrad A. Hughen, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Larry C. Peterson, and Robert F. Anderson: The nature of varved sedimentation in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, and its palaeoclimatic significance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:171-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.15 --- H. Schulz, U. Von Rad, and U. Von Stackelberg: Laminated sediments from the oxygen-minimum zone of the northeastern Arabian Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:185-207, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.16 --- Grzegorz Haczewski: Oligocene laminated limestones as a high-resolution correlator of palaeoseismicity, Polish Carpathians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:209-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.17 --- Deep-sea Laminated Sediment Records --- R. B. Pearce, A. E. S. Kemp, J. G. Baldauf, and S. C. King: High-resolution sedimentology and micropalaeontology of laminated diatomaceous sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean (Leg 138) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:221-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.18 --- Alan E. S. Kemp, Jack G. Baldauf, and Richard B. Pearce: Origins and palaeoceangraphic significance of laminated daitom ooze from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 116:243-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.116.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: Peter Turner and Amanda Turner: Palaeomagnetic Applications in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:1-5, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.01 --- Magnetic Mineral Assemblages and Hydrocarbons --- Hans G. Machel: Magnetic mineral assemblages and magnetic contrasts in diagenetic environments — with implications for studies of palaeomagnetism, hydrocarbon migration and exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:9-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.02 --- Palaeomagnetic Properties of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs --- Hervé Perroud, Annick Chauvin, and Michel Rebelle: Hydrocarbon seepage dating through chemical remagnetization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:33-41, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.03 --- P. Turner, S. D. Burley, D. Rey, and J. Prosser: Burial history of the Penrith Sandstone (Lower Permian) deduced from the combined study of fluid inclusion and palaeomagnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:43-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.04 --- Stuart A. Hall and Ian Evans: Palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks from the Permian Basin, southeastern New Mexico, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:79-95, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.05 --- S. A. Johnson, P. Turner, A. Hartley, and D. Rey: Palaeomagnetic implications for the timing of hematite precipitation and remagnetization in the Carboniferous Barren Red Measures, UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:97-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.06 --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, and Laurence Thistlewood: Magnetic mineralogy of sandstones from the Lunde Formation (late Triassic), northern North Sea, UK: origin of the palaeomagnetic signal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:119-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.07 --- Claus Beyer: Results from a palaeomagnetic investigation of the Brent Group sediments in wells 34/10–16 and 34/10–17 showing evidence for complete remagnetization of the sediment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:149-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.08 --- Magnetostratigraphic Applications --- Mark W. Hounslow, Barbara A. Maher, Laurence Thistlewood, and Kevin Dean: Magnetostratigraphic correlations in two cores from the late Triassic Lunde Formation, Beryl Field, northern North Sea, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:163-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.09 --- Kifaya N. Belkaaloul, Djafar M. Aissaoui, Michel Rebelle, and Gerard Sambet: Magnetostratigraphic correlations of the Jurassic carbonates from the Paris Basin: implications for petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:173-186, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.10 --- Eirik Hauger and Paul Van Veen: Application of magnetostratigraphy to Brent Group reservoir zonation in the Visund Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:187-204, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.11 --- Gillian M. Turner and Ian D. Bryant: Application of a palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy to constrain well correlation and sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the Eocene C1 Sands, Maui Field, New Zealand / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:205-221, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.12 --- R. Thompson and T. D. J. Cameron: Palaeomagnetic study of Cenozoic sediments in North Sea boreholes: an example of a magnetostratigraphic conundrum in a hydrocarbonproducing area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:223-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.13 --- Core Orientation and Susceptibility Logging --- T. C. Rolph, J. Shaw, T. R. Harper, and J. T. Hagan: Viscous remanent magnetization: a tool for orientation of drill cores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:239-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.14 --- E. A. Hailwood and F. Ding: Palaeomagnetic reorientation of cores and the magnetic fabric of hydrocarbon reservoir sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:245-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.15 --- Reidar Løvlie and Paul Van Veen: Magnetic susceptibility of a 180 m sediment core: reliability of incremental sampling and evidence for a relationship between susceptibility and gamma activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:259-266, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.16 --- H. Shi and D. H. Tarling: Magnetic field of a core barrel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:267-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.17 --- D. H. Tarling and H. Shi: Magnetic anisotropy of borehole core samples / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:273-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.18 --- Structural Applications --- S. A. Stewart and K. C. Jackson: Palaeomagnetic analysis of fold closure growth and volumetrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 98:283-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.098.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: D. A. Nieuwland and P. G. Buchanan: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.01 --- Seismic Interpretation --- T. R. Horscroft and J. E. Bain: Validation of seismic data processing and interpretation with integration of gravity and magnetic data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:5-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.02 --- G. Pickering, J. M. Bull, and D. J. Sanderson: Scaling of fault displacements and implications for the estimation of sub-seismic strain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:11-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.03 --- J. J. Walsh, J. Watterson, C. Childs, and A. Nicol: Ductile strain effects in the analysis of seismic interpretations of normal fault systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:27-40, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.04 --- Palinspastic Reconstruction and Forward Modelling --- James G. Buchanan: The application of cross-section construction and validation within exploration and production: a discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:41-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.05 --- Mike P. Coward: Balancing sections through inverted basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:51-77, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.06 --- Richard H. Groshong, Jr: Construction and validation of extensional cross sections using lost area and strain, with application to the Rhine Graben / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:79-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.07 --- T. A. Hauge and G. G. Gray: A critique of techniques for modelling normal-fault and rollover geometries / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:89-97, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.08 --- Kevin C. Hill and Gareth T. Cooper: A strategy for palinspastic restoration of inverted basins: thermal and structural analyses in SE Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:99-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.09 --- C. K. Morley: Discussion of potential errors in fault heave methods for extension estimates in rifts, with particular reference to fractal fault populations and inherited fabrics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:117-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.10 --- A. G. Skuce: Forward modelling of compaction above normal faults: an example from the Sirte Basin, Libya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.11 --- Mark G. Rowan: Benefits and limitations of section restoration in areas of extensional salt tectonics: an example from offshore Louisiana / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:147-161, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.12 --- Fault Populations and Geometric Analyses --- Joseph A. Cartwright, Chris Mansfield, and Bruce Trudgill: The growth of normal faults by segment linkage / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:163-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.13 --- Hugh G. Kerr and Nicky White: Kinematic modelling of normal fault geometries using inverse theory / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:179-188, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.14 --- D. T. Needham, G. Yielding, and B. Freeman: Analysis of fault geometry and displacement patterns / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:189-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.15 --- Analogue Modelling --- K. R. McClay: Recent advances in analogue modelling: uses in section interpretation and validation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:201-225, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.16 --- Mark Verschuren, Dick Nieuwland, and Jim Gast: Multiple detachment levels in thrust tectonics: Sandbox experiments and palinspastic reconstruction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:227-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.17 --- Mathematical Modelling --- J. D. Barnichon and R. Charlier: Finite element modelling of the competition between shear bands in the early stages of thrusting: Strain localization analysis and constitutive law influence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:235-250, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.18 --- F. Beekman, J. M. Bull, S. Cloetingh, and R. A. Scrutton: Crustal fault reactivation facilitating lithospheric folding/buckling in the central Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:251-263, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.19 --- Stuart Hardy, Josep Poblet, Ken McClay, and Dave Waltham: Mathematical modelling of growth strata associated with fault-related fold structures / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:265-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.20 --- M. Ter Voorde and S. Cloetingh: Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:283-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21 --- J. D. Van Wees, S. Cloetingh, and G. de Vicente: The role of pre-existing faults in basin evolution: constraints from 2D finite element and 3D flexure models / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:297-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.22 --- Regional Analyses and Remote Sensing --- M. W. Insley, F. X. Murphy, D. Naylor, and M. Critchley: The use of satellite imagery in the validation and verification of structural interpretations for hydrocarbon exploration in Pakistan and Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:321-343, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.23 --- Jonathan P. Turner: Gravity-driven nappes and their relation to palaeobathymetry: examples from West Africa and Cardigan Bay, UK / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 99:345-362, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.24

Description / Table of Contents: Ian Davison, Ian Alsop, and Derek Blundell: Salt tectonics: some aspects of deformation mechanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.01 --- Outcrop, Mine and Borehole Studies --- Stanisław Burliga: Kinematics within the Kłodawa salt diapir, central Poland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:11-21, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.02 --- Ian Davison, Dan Bosence, G. Ian Alsop, and Mohammed H. Al-Aawah: Deformation and sedimentation around active Miocene salt diapirs on the Tihama Plain, northwest Yemen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:23-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.03 --- Amos Frumkin: Uplift rate relative to base-levels of a salt diapir (Dead Sea Basin, Israel) as indicated by cave levels / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:41-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.04 --- Manuel Hoyos, Miguel Doblas, Sergio Sánchez-Moral, Juan Carlos Cañaveras, Salvador Ordoñez, Carmen Sesé, Enrique Sanz, and Vicente Mahecha: Hydration diapirism: a climate-related initiation of evaporite mounds in two continental Neogene basins of central Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:49-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.05 --- M. Sans, A. L. Sánchez, and P. Santanach: Internal structure of a detachment horizon in the most external part of the Pyrenean fold and thrust belt (northern Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:65-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.06 --- Denys B. Smith: Deformation in the late Permian Boulby Halite (EZ3Na) in Teesside, NE England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.07 --- C. J. Talbot and M. Alavi: The past of a future syntaxis across the Zagros / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:89-109, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.08 --- Regional Case Studies --- Peter G. Buchanan, Daniel J. Bishop, and David N. Hood: Development of salt-related structures in the Central North Sea: results from section balancing / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:111-128, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.09 --- H. S. Edgell: Salt tectonism in the Persian Gulf Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:129-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.10 --- Fivos Spathopoulos: An insight on salt tectonics in the Angola Basin, South Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:153-174, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.11 --- S. A. Stewart, M. J. Harvey, S. C. Otto, and P. J. Weston: Influence of salt on fault geometry: examples from the UK salt basins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:175-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.12 --- Max Zirngast: The development of the Gorleben salt dome (northwest Germany) based on quantitative analysis of peripheral sinks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:203-226, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.13 --- Physical Modelling --- G. Ian Alsop: Physical modelling of fold and fracture geometries associated with salt diapirism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:227-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.14 --- H. Koyi: Salt flow by aggrading and prograding overburdens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:243-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.15 --- P. Szatmari, M. C. M. Guerra, and M. A. Pequeno: Genesis of large counter-regional normal fault by flow of Cretaceous salt in the South Atlantic Santos Basin, Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:259-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.16 --- Numerical and Geophysical Modelling --- Harvey A. Cohen and Stuart Hardy: Numerical modelling of stratal architectures resulting from differential loading of a mobile substrate / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:265-273, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.17 --- K. Petersen and I. Lerche: Temperature dependence of thermal anomalies near evolving salt structures: importance for reducing exploration risk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:275-290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.18 --- Alexei N. B. Poliakov, Yuri Yu. Podladchikov, Ethan Ch. Dawson, and Christopher J. Talbot: Salt diapirism with simultaneous brittle faulting and viscous flow / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 100:291-302, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.100.01.19

Description / Table of Contents: R. C. Preece: Introduction - Island Britain: a Quaternary perspective / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.01 --- Brian M. Funnell: Global sea-level and the (pen-)insularity of late Cenozoic Britain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.02 --- P. L. Gibbard: The formation of the Strait of Dover / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:15-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.03 --- D. R. Bridgland and B. D’Olier: The Pleistocene evolution of the Thames and Rhine drainage systems in the southern North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:27-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.04 --- Andrew G. Bellamy: Extension of the British landmass: evidence from shelf sediment bodies in the English Channel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:47-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.05 --- D. H. Keen: Raised beaches and sea-levels in the English Channel in the Middle and Late Pleistocene: problems of interpretation and implications for the isolation of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:63-74, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.06 --- J. D. Scourse and R. M. Austin: Palaeotidal modelling of continental shelves: marine implications of a land-bridge in the Strait of Dover during the Holocene and Middle Pleistocene / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:75-88, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.07 --- T. Meijer and R. C. Preece: Malacological evidence relating to the insularity of the British Isles during the Quaternary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:89-110, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.08 --- A. J. Stuart: Insularity and Quaternary vertebrate faunas in Britain and Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:111-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.09 --- Antony J. Sutcliffe: Insularity of the British Isles 250 000–30 000 years ago: the mammalian, including human, evidence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:127-140, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.10 --- Alan Turner: Evidence for Pleistocene contact between the British Isles and the European Continent based on distributions of larger carnivores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:141-149, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.11 --- Adrian M. Lister: Sea-levels and the evolution of island endemics: the dwarf red deer of Jersey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:151-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.12 --- K. D. Bennett: Insularity and the Quaternary tree and shrub flora of the British Isles / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:173-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.13 --- Robert J. N. Devoy: Deglaciation, Earth crustal behaviour and sea-level changes in the determination of insularity: a perspective from Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:181-208, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.14 --- Robin T. R. Wingfield: A model of sea-levels in the Irish and Celtic seas during the end-Pleistocene to Holocene transition / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:209-242, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.15 --- P. Coxon and S. Waldren: The floristic record of Ireland’s Pleistocene temperate stages / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 96:243-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.096.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: Maarten J. De Wit and Andrew Hynes: The onset of interaction between the hydrosphere and oceanic crust, and the origin of the first continental lithosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.01 --- Kenneth A. Eriksson: Crustal growth, surface processes, and atmospheric evolution on the early Earth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:11-25, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.02 --- E. G. Nisbet: Archaean ecology: a review of evidence for the early development of bacterial biomes, and speculations on the development of a global-scale biosphere / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:27-51, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.03 --- R. M. Shackleton: Tectonic evolution of greenstone belts / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:53-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.04 --- P. Choukroune, H. Bouhallier, and N. T. Arndt: Soft lithosphere during periods of Archaean crustal growth or crustal reworking / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:67-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.05 --- Peter J. Treloar and Tom G. Blenkinsop: Archaean deformation patterns in Zimbabwe: true indicators of Tibetan-style crustal extrusion or not? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:87-107, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.06 --- James F. Wilson, Robert W. Nesbitt, and C. Mark Fanning: Zircon geochronology of Archaean felsic sequences in the Zimbabwe craton: a revision of greenstone stratigraphy and a model for crustal growth / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:109-126, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.07 --- Alec F. Trendall: Paradigms for the Pilbara / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:127-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.08 --- John S. Myers: The generation and assembly of an Archaean supercontinent: evidence from the Yilgarn craton, Western Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:143-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.09 --- D. I. Groves, J. R. Ridley, E. M. J. Bloem, M. Gebre-Mariam, S. G. Hagemann, J. M. A. Hronsky, J. T. Knight, N. J. McNaughton, J. Ojala, R. M. Vielreicher, T. C. McCuaig, and P. W. Holyland: Lode-gold deposits of the Yilgarn block: products of Late Archaean crustal-scale overpressured hydrothermal systems / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:155-172, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.10 --- R. J. Herrington: Late Archaean structure and gold mineralization in the Kadoma region of the Midlands greenstone belt, Zimbabwe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:173-191, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.11 --- David Bridgwater, Flemming Mengel, Brian Fryer, Paul Wagner, and Søren Claudius Hansen: Early Proterozoic mafic dykes in the North Atlantic and Baltic cratons: field setting and chemistry of distinctive dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:193-210, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.12 --- R. G. Park: Palaeoproterozoic Laurentia-Baltica relationships: a view from the Lewisian / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:211-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.13 --- Timothy James Wynn: Deformation in the mid to lower continental crust: analogues from Proterozoic shear zones in NW Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:225-241, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.14 --- Mike P. Coward, Richard M. Spencer, and Camille E. Spencer: Development of the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:243-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.15 --- R. H. Graham: Asian analogues for Precambrian tectonics? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 95:271-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.095.01.16

Description / Table of Contents: During 2004, oil prices reached levels unprecedented in recent years. Though world oil markets remain adequately supplied, high oil prices do reflect increasingly uncertain conditions. Many IEA member countries and nonmember countries alike are concerned about oil costs and oil security and are looking for ways to improve their capability to handle market volatility and possible supply disruptions in the future. This book aims to provide assistance.

Description / Table of Contents: Since its founding in 1974, oil supply security has been a core mission of the International Energy Agency. In order to test IEA member countries’ readiness to deal with oil and gas emergencies, IEA member country representatives and the IEA Secretariat participate in peer reviews of member countries every few years. Procedures and institutional arrangements are thoroughly analysed. The publication Oil Supply Security: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2007) represents the last full cycle of reviews of IEA member countries (and some non-member countries). Below are updated reviews of member countries’ (and Chile) emergency preparedness in oil and gas carried out in the most recent review cycle (2009-2012).

Description / Table of Contents: The environmental benefits of renewable energy are well known. But the contribution that they can make to energy security is less widely recognised. This report aims to redress the balance, showing how in electricity generation, heat supply, and transport, renewables can enhance energy security and suggesting policies that can optimise this contribution.

Description / Table of Contents: Energy security, environmental protection and economic prosperity all pose major challenges for today’s energy decision makers. To meet these challenges, innovation, the adoption of new cost effective technologies, and better use of existing energy-efficient technologies are key elements. The world is not on course for a sustainable energy future – with security concerns and CO2 emissions projected to more than double by 2050. But this alarming outlook can be changed. A recent major IEA analysis “Energy Technology Perspectives – Scenarios and Strategies to 2050” (IEA, 2006) demonstrate that by developing and employing technologies that already exist or are under development, the world could be brought onto a much more sustainable energy path. The costs of achieving a more sustainable energy future are not disproportionate, but they will require substantial effort and investment by both the public and private sectors. There will be significant additional transitional costs related to RD&D and deployment programmes to commercialise many of the technologies over the next couple of decades. Governments will continue to play a major role in energy technology R&D – in defining policies and funding them. How can IEA member country governments be sure they are making the right choices? One answer is by learning from the experience of others – through the use of peer reviews. The IEA version of the peer review – the in-depth review - is a well established tool used since the IEA was created more than 30 years ago. It provides for its members a framework to examine and compare experiences and discuss “best practices” in a host of energy policy areas, including research, development and technology policy. Making the most of the in-depth review process, as well as recommendations emanating from it, offers the promise of better and more well-informed R&D policies – ultimately assisting the development of the new energy technologies that we so urgently need.

Description / Table of Contents: This note provides an update on growth in global coal demand, the potential for efficiency improvements through the application of best practices at coal-fired power stations, and recent developments in the field of clean coal technologies incorporating carbon dioxide capture and storage.

Description / Table of Contents: To meet future energy demand growth and replace older or inefficient units, a large number of fossil fuel-fired plants will be required to be built worldwide in the next decade. Yet CO2 emissions from fossil-fired power generation are a major contributor to climate change. As a result, new plants must be designed and operated at highest efficiency both to reduce CO2 emissions and to facilitate deployment of CO2 capture and storage in the future. The series of case studies in this report, which respond to a request to the IEA from the G8 Summit in July 2005, were conducted to illustrate what efficiency is achieved now in modern plants in different parts of the world using different grades of fossil fuels. The plants were selected from different geographical areas, because local factors influence attainable efficiency. The case studies include pulverized coal combustion (PCC) with both subcritical and supercritical (very high pressure and temperature) steam turbine cycles, a review of current and future applications of coal-fuelled integrated gasification combined cycle plants (IGCC), and a case study of a natural gas fired combined cycle plant to facilitate comparisons.

Description / Table of Contents: An Assessment of Technology, Policy and Financial Issues Relating to CMM in China, based on Interviews Conducted at Coal Mines in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.

Description / Table of Contents: Coal is and will remain the world’s most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel. Burning coal, however, can pollute and it produces carbon dioxide. Clean coal technologies address this problem. The widespread deployment of pollution-control equipment to reduce sulphur dioxide, Nox and dust emissions from industry is just one example which has brought cleaner air to many countries. Since the 1970s, various policy and regulatory measures have created a growing commercial market for these clean coal technologies, with the result that costs have fallen and performance has improved. More recently, the need to tackle rising CO2 emissions to address climate change means that clean coal technologies now extend to include those for CO2 capture and storage (CCS). This short report from the IEA Coal Industry Advisory Board (CIAB) presents industry’s considered recommendations on how to accelerate the development and deployment of this important group of new technologies and to grasp their very signifi cant potential to reduce emissions from coal use. It identifies an urgent need to make progress with demonstration projects and prove the potential of CCS through government-industry partnerships. Its commercialisation depends upon a clear legal and regulatory framework,public acceptance and market-based financial incentives. For the latter, the CIAB favours cap-and-trade systems, price supports and mandatory feed-in tariffs, as well as inclusion of CCS in the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism to create demand in developing economies where coal use is growing most rapidly. This report offers a unique insight into the thinking of an industry that recognises both the threats and growing opportunities for coal in a carbonconstrained world.

Description / Table of Contents: At their Gleneagles Summit in July 2005, G8 leaders identified climate change and securing clean energy and sustainable development as key global challenges. They agreed that we must transform the way we use energy and that we must start now. Improved energy efficiency is essential to meeting this goal. Therefore, the G8 asked the IEA to provide analysis of energy use and efficiency developments in buildings, appliances, transport and industry. This publication is a response to the G8 request. Looking back, it shows how changes in energy efficiency, economic structure, income, prices and fuel mix have affected recent trends in energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries. The results are a “wake-up call” for us all. Since 1990, the rate of energy efficiency improvement in IEA countries has been less than 1% per year – much lower than in previous decades and not nearly enough to stem the growth of CO2 emissions. If we are to tackle climate change and move towards a sustainable energy future then this rate will need to double. We must – and we can – do better! By means of in-depth energy indicators, Energy Use in the New Millennium: Trends in IEA Countries provides important insights to policy-makers about current energy use and CO2 emission patterns that will help shape priorities for future action. This publication is a response to the G8 request. It shows how changes in energy efficiency, economic structure, income, prices and fuel mix have affected recent trends in energy use and CO2 emissions in IEA countries. The results are a “wake-up call” for us all

Description / Table of Contents: Transport accounts for nearly one-quarter of global energy-related CO2 emissions. To achieve the necessary deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, transport must play a significant role. Transport accounts for nearly one-quarter of global energy-related CO2 emissions. To achieve the necessary deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, transport must play a significant role.However, without strong global action, car ownership worldwide is set to triple to over two billion by 2050. Trucking activity will double and air travel could increase four-fold. These trends will lead to a doubling of transport energy use, with an even higher growth rate in CO2 emissions as the planet shifts toward high-CO2 synthetic fuels. How can we enable mobility without accelerating climate change? Transport, Energy and CO2: Moving Toward Sustainability provides answers to this question. It finds that if we change the way we travel, adopt technologies to improve vehicle efficiency and shift to low-CO2 fuels, we can move onto a different pathway where transport CO2 emissions by 2050 are far below current levels, at costs that are lower than many assume. The report discusses the prospects for shifting more travel to the most efficient modes and reducing travel growth rates, improving vehicle fuel efficiency by up to 50% using cost-effective, incremental technologies, and moving toward electricity, hydrogen, and advanced biofuels to achieve a more secure and sustainable transport future. If governments implement strong policies to achieve this scenario, transport can play its role and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions by 2050. This publication is one of three new IEA end-use studies, together with industry and buildings, which look at the role of technologies and policies in transforming the way energy is used in these sectors.

Description / Table of Contents: How much oil will the world consume in 2011? What role will OPEC play in global oil production? Will biofuels become an important part of the oil market? The International Energy Agencys (IEA) Medium-Term Oil Market Report tackles these questions, adopting a perspective that goes beyond the traditional short-term market analysis provided in the IEAs monthly Oil Market Report. Drawing on current futures curves and the investment threshold for upstream projects, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report analyses how global demand and supply balances may develop in the next five years. The forecasts look in detail at product demand and the supply potential from all the firmly planned individual upstream and downstream projects around the world. The results provide invaluable insights on vital issues such as surplus production capacity and product supply. The rapid pace of change in the oil market means that forecasts can become outdated very quickly. This interim update provides the opportunity to rebase the data and forecasts in the annual Medium-Term Oil Market Report and to discuss and analyse new issues affecting the oil industry. Policymakers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following trends in the oil market should find this report extremely useful.

Description / Table of Contents: How much oil will the world consume in 2012? What role will OPEC play in global oil production? Will biofuels become an important part of the oil market? How will the refinery sector cope? The International Energy Agency (IEA) Medium-Term Oil Market Report tackles these questions, adopting a perspective that goes beyond the traditional short-term market analysis provided in the IEA Oil Market Report. Drawing on current futures curves and the investment threshold for upstream projects, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report analyses how global demand and supply balances may develop. By assessing all firmly planned upstream and downstream projects worldwide, this report forecasts supply and demand potential for crude and petroleum products over the next five years. The results provide an invaluable insight into vital issues such as surplus production capacity and product supply. An essential report for all policymakers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following oil market trends, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report is a further element of the strong commitment of the IEA to improving and expanding the quality, timeliness and accuracy of energy data and analysis. How much oil will the world consume in 2012? What role will OPEC play in global oil production? Will biofuels become an important part of the oil market? How will the refinery sector cope? The International Energy Agency (IEA) Medium-Term Oil Market Report tackles these questions, adopting a perspective that goes beyond the traditional short-term market analysis provided in the IEA Oil Market Report. Drawing on current futures curves and the investment threshold for upstream projects, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report analyses how global demand and supply balances may develop. By assessing all firmly planned upstream and downstream projects worldwide, this report forecasts supply and demand potential for crude and petroleum products over the next five years. The results provide an invaluable insight into vital issues such as surplus production capacity and product supply. An essential report for all policymakers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following oil market trends, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report is a further element of the strong commitment of the IEA to improving and expanding the quality, timeliness and accuracy of energy data and analysis.

Description / Table of Contents: Why have oil prices hit USD140 per barrel? How strong will oil demand be in the upcoming years? Will supply of crude oil, natural gas liquids and biofuels be sufficient to meet this future demand? And, no less crucially, what investments in refining capacity and technology can we expect and will these help ease some of the imbalance in strained oil product markets? Now into its third year, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has become a new benchmark, complementing the short-term market analysis provided in the IEA Oil Market Report. This year’s edition reappraises all upstream and downstream projects worldwide, setting them against a revised demand forecast and expanding the time horizon to 2013. Special features this year include in-depth analyses of price formation, transport trends, non-OECD economies,non-OPEC production decline, project slippage, key crude export pipeline developments and a stronger emphasis on product supply bottlenecks. An essential report for all policy makers, market analysts, energy experts and anyone interested in understanding and following oil market trends, the Medium-Term Oil Market Report is a further element of the strong commitment of the IEA to improving and expanding the quality, timeliness and accuracy of energy data and analysis.

Description / Table of Contents: This fourth edition of the IEA Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) confronts an economic landscape unrecognisable from that seen at the time of the release of the summer 2008 edition. Crude prices are now 55% lower as financial and economic meltdown have slashed demand, with worldwide contraction in oil use at levels not seen since the early 1980s. This fourth edition of the IEA’s Medium-Term Oil Market Report (MTOMR) confronts an economic landscape unrecognisable from that seen at the time of the release of the summer 2008 edition. Crude prices are now 60% lower as financial and economic meltdown have slashed demand, with worldwide contraction in oil use at levels not seen since the early 1980s. But how long will the downturn last, and what is the likely profile of global and regional demand recovery when economic rebound eventually takes root? Has almost a decade of rising prices and costs changed the demand-side blueprint and forced the world onto a lower oil intensity path for the period through 2014? Equally importantly, the report identifies the impact that weaker demand, low prices and a credit squeeze are having on supply-side investment – in upstream OPEC/non-OPEC supply, biofuels capacity and refining infrastructure alike. The 2009 edition of the MTOMR also delves into the issues of diversifying FSU crude exports, evolving crude and product qualities, the importance of petrochemical markets and perceptions on oil price formation in the down-cycle. Two demand scenarios are presented based on differing economic growth assumptions, with a lower non-OPEC supply scenario also accompanying the lower GDP case. Summary oil balances highlight how OPEC spare capacity could develop during 2008-2014. This year, the MTOMR also consolidates analysis of future crude availability and trade flows, refining capacity and oil products supply implications under one cover. The MTOMR remains required reading for policy makers, market analysts, industry participants and anyone with an interest in oil market trends. It contains detailed statistical appendices and a wealth of insightful graphics. Alongside its monthly sister publication, the Oil Market Report, the MTOMR is a cornerstone of the IEA’s commitment to enhancing oil market transparency.

Description / Table of Contents: China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.

Description / Table of Contents: The study explores necessary measures to make the power plant CO2 capture and storage ready.

Description / Table of Contents: CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change. Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most promising potential solutions to contain emissions resulting from continued use of coal and other fossil fuels. However, challenges such as a lack of legal and regulatory frameworks to guide near-term demonstration projects and long-term technology expansion must be addressed to facilitate the expanded use of CCS. In October 2006, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) convened with legal experts,to discuss the range of legal issues associated with expanded use of CCS and to identify ways to facilitate further CCS development and implementation Participants examined gaps and barriers to the deployment of CCS and identified recommendations to guide further development of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks. This publication provides policymakers with a detailed summary of the main legal issues surrounding the CCS debate, including up-to-date background information, case studies and conclusions on the best legal and regulatory approaches to advance CCS. These strategies can be used to enable further development, deployment and demonstration of CCS technology, potentially an essential element in global efforts to mitigate climate change.

Description / Table of Contents: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important part of the lowest-cost greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation portfolio. This roadmap was published in 2009 using data from the Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 publication. An update was released in July 2013

Description / Table of Contents: This book describes why temporary shortages of electricity supplies occur even in the wealthiest countries with the most sophisticated electricity networks. Most shortages are local and minor and easily addressed. But, in other cases, the shortages persist for days, weeks, or even years and involve millions of people, and this is the target of this book. The reasons for these shortages are incredibly diverse: from forest fires to safety problems at power stations, from problems in electricity market liberalisation to heat or cold waves. These events can happen anywhere – and they do! The results are blackouts, brownouts and other curtailments on electricity consumption.

Description / Table of Contents: Existing buildings require over 40% of the world’s total final energy consumption, and account for 24% of world CO2 emissions (IEA, 2006a). Much of this consumption could be avoided through improved efficiency of building energy systems (IEA, 2006a) using current, commercially-viable technology. In most cases, these technologies make economic sense on a life-cycle cost analysis (IEA, 2006b). Moreover, to the extent that they reduce dependence on risk-prone fossil energy sources, energy efficient technologies also address concerns of energy security.

Description / Table of Contents: By 2010 there will be over 3.5 billion mobile phones subscribers, 2 billion TVs in use around the world and 1 billion personal computers. Electronic devices are a growing part of our lives and many of us can count between 20 and 30 separate items in our homes, from major items like televisions to a host of small gadgets. The communication and entertainment benefits these bring are not only going to people in wealthier nations - in Africa, for example, one in nine people now has a mobile phone. But as these electronic devices gain popularity, they account for a growing portion of household energy consumption. How “smart” is this equipment from an energy efficiency perspective and should we be concerned about how much energy these gadgets use? What is the potential for energy savings? This new book, Gadgets and Gigawatts: Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics, includes a global assessment of the changing pattern in residential electricity consumption over the past decade and an in-depth analysis of the role played by electronic equipment. It reviews the influence that government policies have had on creating markets for more energy efficient appliances and identifies new opportunities for creating smarter, more energy efficient homes. This book is essential reading for policy makers and others interested in improving the energy efficiency of our homes.

Description / Table of Contents: This new edition of “Findings of Recent IEA Work” provides a sample of the Agency’s activities since its 2005 Ministerial meeting. Each page focuses on a specific subject or project, including references to IEA work that will be of use to governments, academics, journalists and the wider public. This volume is not all-inclusive, but seeks to highlight IEA efforts to respond to the concerns of its member countries and identify ways to overcome the energy challenges we face.

Description / Table of Contents: The global economic crisis has not spared the gas sector. Over the past year, we have moved from a tight supply and demand balance with extremely high gas prices to an easing one with plummeting gas prices. Since the last quarter of 2008, demand has been declining dramatically, essentially because of the global recession. The global economic crisis has not spared the gas sector. Over the past year, we have moved from a tight supply and demand balance with extremely high gas prices to an easing one with plummeting gas prices. Since the last quarter of 2008, demand has been declining dramatically, essentially because of the global recession. Yet significant new volumes of liquefied natural gas will come on stream within the next few years, and United States unconventional gas production has risen rapidly, with global consequences. It remains to be seen how these demand and supply pressures will play out, particularly in the pivotal power sector, in both OECD and non-OECD countries. Meanwhile, the security of gas supplies has once again become a critical issue, in particular in Europe after it experienced its worst supply disruption during the Russian-Ukraine crisis in January 2009. Moreover, the current market climate of weakening demand, lower prices and regulatory uncertainties added to the tough financial environment are likely to jeopardise investments, in particular in capital-intensive projects, further undermining long-term energy security in the most fundamental way when economies recover. The Gas Market Review 2009 looks at these and other major developments and challenges in the different parts of the gas value chain in a selection of IEA countries – The United States, Canada, Spain, Norway, the Netherlands, and Turkey – as well as in non-IEA member countries in the Middle East, North Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.

Description / Table of Contents: Natural gas is essential to the world economy. Gas now accounts for almost a quarter of OECD primary energy requirements and is expected to become the second most important fuel in the world in the next decade. Industrial and residential consumers increasingly rely on natural gas to keep their houses warm, their lights on and their factories running. Meanwhile the gas industry itself has entered a new phase. Where gas used to be restricted to regional markets, it is now increasingly traded on a global scale. While gas production and transport requires long-term investment, now it is optimised on a short-term basis. Demand continues to grow, but local gas production has become much more expensive. How should we react? How will demand be satisfied? What changes are required to promote flexibility and trade? What are the implications for gas security, investment and interdependence? At stake is an opportunity to diversify supply and demand – but this goal is threatened by barriers to competition and investment. The Natural Gas Market Review 2006 is the first of a new IEA publication series. It takes an unprecedented look at developments in natural gas to 2010, analysing not only the three IEA regions (Asia Pacific, North America and Europe) but also broader global trends, such as the interaction of pipeline gas with LNG which binds the regions together. The Review provides invaluable insights for understanding this dynamic market.

Description / Table of Contents: Renewable Energy is energy generated from natural resources - such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat - which are naturally replenished. In 2008, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation), followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed with 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. The book provides a forum for dissemination and exchange of up - to - date scientific information on theoretical, generic and applied areas of knowledge. The topics deal with new devices and circuits for energy systems, photovoltaic and solar thermal, wind energy systems, tidal and wave energy, fuel cell systems, bio energy and geo-energy, sustainable energy resources and systems, energy storage systems, energy market management and economics, off-grid isolated energy systems, energy in transportation systems, energy resources for portable electronics, intelligent energy power transmission, distribution and inter - connectors, energy efficient utilization, environmental issues, energy harvesting, nanotechnology in energy, policy issues on renewable energy, building design, power electronics in energy conversion, new materials for energy resources, and RF and magnetic field energy devices.

Description / Table of Contents: A guide to field personnel in practical aspects and commonly encountered problems of ground-water investigations, development, and management. Information is presented covering such aspects as ground-water investigations, aquifer test analysis, estimating aquifer yield, data collection, and geophysical investigations. In addition, the manual includes permeability tests, well design, dewatering systems, well specifications and drilling, well sterilization, pumps, and other aspects.

Description / Table of Contents: It is now a century ago that one of the icons of modern physics published some of the most influential scientific papers of all times. With his work on relativity and quantum theory, Albert Einstein has altered the field of physics forever. It should not come as a surprise that looking back at Einstein’s work, one needs to rethink the whole scope of physics, before and after his time. This books aims to provide a perspective on the history of modern physics, spanning from the late 19th century up to today. It is not an encyclopaedic work, but it presents the groundbreaking and sometimes provocative main contributions by Einstein as marking the line between ‘old’ and ‘new’ physics, and expands on some of the developments and open issues to which they gave rise. This presentation is not meant as a mere celebration of Einstein’s work, but as a critical appraisal which provides accurate historical and conceptual information. The contributing authors all have a reputation for working on themes related to Einstein’s work and its consequences. Therefore, the collection of papers gives a good representation of what happened in the 100 years after Einstein’s landmark Annalen der Physik articles. All people interested in the field of physics, history of science and epistemology could benefit from this book. An effort has been made to make the book attractive not only to scientists, but also to people with a more basic knowledge of mathematics and physics.

Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS Alexander Klimchouk HYPOGENE CAVE PATTERNS Philippe Audra, Ludovic Mocochain, Jean-Yves Bigot, and Jean-Claude Nobécourt MORPHOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF SPELEOGENESIS: HYPOGENIC SPELEOGENS Philippe Audra, Ludovic Mocochain, Jean-Yves Bigot, and Jean-Claude Nobécourt HYPOGENE CAVES IN DEFORMED (FOLD BELT) STRATA: OBSERVATIONS FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA AND CENTRAL EUROPE R.A.L. Osborne IDENTIFYING PALEO WATER-ROCK INTERACTION DURING HYDROTHERMAL KARSTIFICATION: A STABLE ISOTOPE APPROACH Yuri Dublyansky and Christoph Spötl MICROORGANISMS AS SPELEOGENETIC AGENTS: GEOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY BUT GEOMICROBIAL UNITY P.J.Boston, M.N. Spilde, D.E. Northup, M.D. Curry, L.A. Melim, and L. Rosales-Lagarde SIDERITE WEATHERING AS A REACTION CAUSING HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS: THE EXAMPLE OF THE IBERG/HARZ/GERMANY Stephan Kempe SIMULATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTION CONDUITS IN HYPOGENE SETTINGS C. Rehrl, S. Birk, and A.B. Klimchouk EVOLUTION OF CAVES IN POROUS LIMESTONE BY MIXING CORROSION: A MODEL APPROACH Wolfgang Dreybrodt, Douchko Romanov, and Georg Kaufmann SPELEOGENESIS OF MEDITERRANEAN KARSTS: A MODELLING APPROACH BASED ON REALISTIC FRACTURE NETWORKS Antoine Lafare, Hervé Jourde, Véronique Leonardi, Séverin Pistre, and Nathalie Dörfliger GIANT COLLAPSE STRUCTURES FORMED BY HYPOGENIC KARSTIFICATION: THE OBRUKS OF THE CENTRAL ANATOLIA, TURKEY C. Serdar Bayari, N. Nur Ozyurt, and Emrah Pekkans ON THE ROLE OF HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN SHAPING THE COASTAL ENDOKARST OF SOUTHERN MALLORCA (WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN) Joaquín Ginés, Angel Ginés, Joan J. Fornós, Antoni Merino and Francesc Gràcia HYPOGENE CAVES IN THE APENNINES (ITALY) Sandro Galdenzi STEGBACHGRABEN, A MINERALIZED HYPOGENE CAVE IN THE GROSSARL VALLEY, AUSTRIA Yuri Dublyansky, Christoph Spötl, and Christoph Steinbauer HYPOGENE CAVES IN AUSTRIA Lukas Plan, Christoph Spötl, Rudolf Pavuza, Yuri Dublyansky KRAUSHÖHLE: THE FIRST SULPHURIC ACID CAVE IN THE EASTERN ALPS (STYRIA, AUSTRIA) (Abstract only) Lukas Plan, Jo De Waele, Philippe Audra, Antonio Rossi, and Christoph Spötl HYDROTHERMAL ORIGIN OF ZADLAŠKA JAMA, AN ANCIENT ALPINE CAVE IN THE JULIAN ALPS, SLOVENIA Martin Knez and Tadej Slabe ACTIVE HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS AND THE GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS AROUND THE EDGES OF ANTICLINAL RIDGES Amos Frumkin SEISMIC-SAG STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS IN TERTIARY CARBONATE ROCKS BENEATH SOUTHEASTERN FLORIDA, USA: EVIDENCE FOR HYPOGENIC SPELEOGENESIS? Kevin J. Cunningham and Cameron Walker HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN THE PIEDMONT CRIMEA RANGE A.B. Klimchouk, E.I. Tymokhina and G.N. Amelichev STYLES OF HYPOGENE CAVE DEVELOPMENT IN ANCIENT CARBONATE AREAS OVERLYING NON-PERMEABLE ROCKS IN BRAZIL AND THE INFLUENCE OF COMPETING MECHANISMS AND LATER MODIFYING PROCESSES Augusto S. Auler MORPHOLOGY AND GENESIS OF THE MAIN ORE BODY AT NANISIVIK ZINC/LEAD MINE, BAFFIN ISLAND, CANADA: AN OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE OF PARAGENETIC DISSOLUTION OF CARBONATE BEDROCKS WITH PENE-CONTEMPORANEOUS PRECIPITATION OF SULFIDES AND GANGUE MINERALS IN A HYPOGENE SETTING Derek Ford THE INFLUENCE OF HYPOGENE AND EPIGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN THE EVOLUTION OF THE VAZANTE KARST MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL Cristian Bittencourt, Augusto Sarreiro Auler, José Manoel dos Reis Neto, Vanio de Bessa and Marcus Vinícios Andrade Silva HYPOGENIC ASCENDING SPELEOGENESIS IN THE KRAKÓW-CZĘSTOCHOWA UPLAND (POLAND) ? EVIDENCE IN CAVE MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE RELIEF Andrzej Tyc EVIDENCE FROM CERNA VALLEY CAVES (SW ROMANIA) FOR SULFURIC ACID SPELEOGENESIS: A MINERALOGICAL AND STABLE ISOTOPE STUDY Bogdan P. Onac, Jonathan Sumrall, Jonathan Wynn, Tudor Tamas, Veronica Dărmiceanu and Cristina Cizmaş THE POSSIBILITY OF REVERSE FLOW PIRACY IN CAVES OF THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN BELT (Abstract only) Ira D. Sasowsky KARSTOGENESIS AT THE PRUT RIVER VALLEY (WESTERN UKRAINE, PRUT AREA) Viacheslav Andreychouk and Bogdan Ridush ZOLOUSHKA CAVE: HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS OR REVERSE WATER THROUGHFLOW? V. Eirzhyk (Abstract only) EPIGENE AND HYPOGENE CAVES IN THE NEOGENE GYPSUM OF THE PONIDZIE AREA (NIECKA NIDZIAŃSKA REGION), POLAND Jan Urban, Viacheslav Andreychouk, and Andrzej Kasza PETRALONA CAVE: MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON ITS SPELEOGENESIS Georgios Lazaridis HYPOGENE SPELEOGENESIS IN MAINLAND NORWAY AND SVALBARD? Stein-Erik Lauritzen VILLA LUZ PARK CAVES: SPELEOGENESIS BASED ON CURRENT STRATIGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGIC EVIDENCE (Abstract only) Laura Rosales-Lagarde, Penelope J. Boston, Andrew Campbell, and Mike Pullin HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN SAUDI ARABIA (LAYLA LAKE SINKHOLES, AIN HEETH CAVE) Stephan Kempe, Heiko Dirks, and Ingo Bauer HYPOGENE KARSTIFICATION IN JORDAN (BERGISH/AL-DAHER CAVE, UWAIYED CAVE, BEER AL-MALABEH SINKHOLE) Stephan Kempe, Ahmad Al-Malabeh, and Horst-Volker Henschel ASSESSING THE RELIABILITY OF 2D RESISTIVITY IMAGING TO MAP A DEEP AQUIFER IN CARBONATE ROCKS IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION Bakhtiar K. Aziz and Ezzaden N. Baban FEATURES OF GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ORDINSKAYA UNDERWATER CAVE, FORE-URALS, RUSSIA Pavel Sivinskih

Description / Table of Contents: Ce travail de these s’inscrit dans la problematique generale de la caracterisation de l’alea inondation. Plus precisement, cette etude cherche a caracteriser l’influence des eaux souterraines sur la genese et la propagation des crues en surface dans les cas d’un bassin versant a forte composante karstique. Le site experimental du bassin versant du Coulazou, riviere temporaire qui traverse le massif karstique du Causse d’Aumelas a l’Ouest de Montpellier a ete retenu pour etudier de maniere approfondie les interactions entre les ecoulements de surface et les ecoulements souterrains en situation de crue. L’etude hydrodynamique de ce systeme karst/riviere s’appuie sur un dispositif experimental adapte a l’observation des phenomenes hydrologiques (pluie, ruissellement) et hydrogeologiques (piezometrie en forage et dans les drains karstiques, suivi hydrodynamique des exutoires du systeme) tres rapides et tres intenses. La dynamique de ces ecoulements est liee au contexte climatique Mediterraneen mais aussi aux structures de drainage en surface et en souterrain qui permettent un transfert et un transit tres rapide des eaux au sein du systeme karst/riviere. Une description hydrodynamique classique est completee par une approche fonctionnelle des echanges karst/riviere dans le but de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement hydrodynamique d’un tel systeme et de mettre en avant des indicateurs utilisables dans une demarche de modelisation des echanges surface/souterrain. Un premier modele est presente dans la derniere partie de ce document. ********** This work aims at assessing the flooding hazard. More precisely, the study focuses on the influence of groundwater on the genesis and propagation of surface flows in the case of a highly karstified watershed. The experimental site of the Coulazou River, a temporary River which crosses the karstified formation of the Causse d’Aumelas (western Montpellier) has been selected to study hydrodynamic interactions between surface flows and groundwater flows during flood. The hydrodynamic study of this karst/River system is based on a suitable experimental monitoring of both fast and intense hydrological (rain, runoff) and hydrogeological (water level in wells and karst drains, discharge measurements at the main outlets of the system) phenomenon. The specific hydrological response of this watershed is due to the Mediterranean climate but also to surface and underground drainage structures which allow very fast water flows within the karst/river system. A common hydrodynamic description is followed by a functional approach of karst/river exchanges in order (i) to better understand the hydrodynamic behaviour of such a system and (ii) to highlight some indicators that can be used in a modelling approach. A first conceptual model of surface water/groundwater exchanges in karst terranes is presented in the latter part of the manuscript.

Description / Table of Contents: This volume provides a comprehensive, up-to-date account of how the physical and biological environment of the Antarctic continent and Southern Ocean has changed from Deep Time until the present day. It also considers how the Antarctic environment may change over the next century in a world where greenhouse gas concentrations are much higher than occurred over the last few centuries. The Antarctic is a highly coupled system with non-linear interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ice and biota, along with complex links to the rest of the Earth system. In preparing this volume our approach has been highly cross-disciplinary, with the goal of reflecting the importance of the continent in global issues, such as sea level rise, the separation of natural climate variability from anthropogenic influences, food stocks, biodiversity and carbon uptake by the ocean. One hundred experts in Antarctic science have contributed and drafts of the manuscript were reviewed by over 200 scientists. We hope that it will be of value to all scientists with an interest in the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean, policy makers and those concerned with the deployment of observing systems and the development of climate models.

Description / Table of Contents: The Early-Middle Pleistocene transition (around 1.2 to 0.5 Ma) marks a profound shift in Earth’s climate state. Low-amplitude 41 ka climate cycles, dominating the earlier part of the Pleistocene, gave way progressively to a 100 ka rhythm of increased amplitude that characterizes our present glacial—interglacial world. This volume assesses the biotic and physical response to this transition both on land and in the oceans: indeed it examines the very nature of Quaternary climate change. Milankovitch theory, palaeoceanography using isotopes and microfossils, marine organic geochemistry, tephrochronology, the record of loess and soil deposition, terrestrial vegetationa! change, and the migration and evolution of hominins as well as other large and small mammals, are all considered. These themes combine to explore the very origins of our present biota.

Description / Table of Contents: Vorwort Gut 80% aller Online-Kunden haben ihren Einkauf schon einmal wegen fehlender Funktionalität oder mangelnder Benutzerfreundlichkeit des Shops abgebrochen. Und: Fast die Hälfte aller Online-Shops in Deutschland basiert auf Open-Source-Lösungen.1 Damit ist die Motivation zu diesem Buch auch schon deutlich umrissen: TYPO3 ist als Content Management System international etabliert, und zwar im Bereich privater Webseiten ebenso wie bei konzernweiten Internetlösungen – Grund genug also, den wichtigen Bereich des Online-Shoppings für dieses System erstmals in Buchform unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Dieses Buch wendet sich somit an all jene, die einen Webshop auf TYPO3- Basis aufsetzen und betreiben möchten. Eine vorhandene TYPO3-Installation – sei es auch auf der Grundlage eines statischen Standard-Templates – ist hierfür Voraussetzung, denn es geht nicht um eine Einführung in TYPO3 selbst. Es genügt jedoch solides TYPO3-Grundlagenwissen, um Ihren Internetauftritt um einen Webshop zu erweitern. Auch HTML- und CSS Kenntnisse sollten Sie mitbringen, um die notwendigen Anpassungen an das jeweilige Layout vornehmen zu können. Zudem verlangen Installation und Konfiguration des Shops Administratorrechte; ein Redakteur-Account reicht dazu nicht aus.

Description / Table of Contents: Manche Schriften erreichen eine solche Berühmtheit, dass ein Name allein genügt, um zu wissen, um welchen Buchtitel es sich handelt. Spricht ein Physiker von „dem Kohlrausch“, so wissen alle anderen Physiker, was gemeint ist, nämlich ein bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts stets fortgeführtes Lehrbuch der Experimentalphysik, das im Jahr 1870 von Friedrich Kohlrausch erstmals herausgegeben wurde. Aus der damals einbändigen Erstausgabe von rund 150 Seiten, dem „Leitfaden der Praktischen Physik“ (mit dem Untertitel „Zunächst für das Physikalische Praktikum in Göttingen“), wurde schließlich das 3-bändige Kompendium „Praktische Physik“, das letztmalig in 24. Auflage im Jahr 1996 gedruckt erschien (mit rund 2460 Seiten). Weitere Aktualisierungen „des Kohlrausch“ wird es nicht geben.

Description / Table of Contents: Earth is a water planet. Oceans of liquid water dominate the surface processes of the planet. On the surface, water controls weathering as well as transport and deposition of sediments. Liquid water is necessary for life. In the interior, water fluxes melting and controls the solid-state viscosity of the convecting mantle and so controls volcanism and tectonics. Oceans cover more than 70% of the surface but make up only about 0.025% of the planet's mass. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the cosmos, but in the bulk Earth, it is one of the most poorly constrained chemical compositional variables. Almost all of the nominally anhydrous minerals that compose the Earth's crust and mantle can incorporate measurable amounts of hydrogen. Because these are minerals that contain oxygen as the principal anion, the major incorporation mechanism is as hydroxyl, OH-, and the chemical component is equivalent to water, H2O. Although the hydrogen proton can be considered a monovalent cation, it does not occupy same structural position as a typical cation in a mineral structure, but rather forms a hydrogen bond with the oxygens on the edge of the coordination polyhedron. The amount incorporated is thus quite sensitive to pressure and the amount of H that can be incorporated in these phases generally increases with pressure and sometimes with temperature. Hydrogen solubility in nominally anhydrous minerals is thus much more sensitive to temperature and pressure than that of other elements. Because the mass of rock in the mantle is so large relative to ocean mass, the amount that is incorporated the nominally anhydrous phases of the interior may constitute the largest reservoir of water in the planet. Understanding the behavior and chemistry of hydrogen in minerals at the atomic scale is thus central to understanding the geology of the planet. There have been significant recent advances in the detection, measurement, and location of H in the nominally anhydrous silicate and oxide minerals that compose the planet. There have also been advances in experimental methods for measurement of H diffusion and the effects of H on the phase boundaries and physical properties whereby the presence of H in the interior may be inferred from seismic or other geophysical studies. It is the objective of this volume to consolidate these advances with reviews of recent research in the geochemistry and mineral physics of hydrogen in the principal mineral phases of the Earth's crust and mantle.