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  • Springer Nature  (40.371)
  • Hindawi  (13.560)
  • 2015-2019  (51.551)
  • 1945-1949  (2.380)
  • 2015  (51.551)
  • 1945  (2.380)
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  • 2015-2019  (51.551)
  • 1945-1949  (2.380)
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  • 1
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    The body-size structure of macrobenthos changes predictably along gradients of hydrodynamic stress and organic enrichment (2015)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Marine Biology, Springer Nature, 162(3), pp. 675-685, ISSN: 0025-3162
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    Publikationsdatum: 2023-09-22
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Therapeutic cancer vaccine survives biotech bust (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-02-26
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Digitale ISSN: 1476-4687
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    A Customizable Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Building Block for the Synthesis of Classical and Reversible Circuits (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-10
    Beschreibung: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are nanoscale digital logic constructs that use electrons in arrays of quantum dots to carry out binary operations. In this paper, a basic building block for QCA will be proposed. The proposed basic building block can be customized to implement classical gates, such as XOR and XNOR gates, and reversible gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli gates, with less cell count and/or better latency than other proposed designs.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 4
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    Performance Improvement of Inertial Navigation System by Using Magnetometer with Vehicle Dynamic Constraints (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: A navigation algorithm is proposed to increase the inertial navigation performance of a ground vehicle using magnetic measurements and dynamic constraints. The navigation solutions are estimated based on inertial measurements such as acceleration and angular velocity measurements. To improve the inertial navigation performance, a three-axis magnetometer is used to provide the heading angle, and nonholonomic constraints (NHCs) are introduced to increase the correlation between the velocity and the attitude equation. The NHCs provide a velocity feedback to the attitude, which makes the navigation solution more robust. Additionally, an acceleration-based roll and pitch estimation is applied to decrease the drift when the acceleration is within certain boundaries. The magnetometer and NHCs are combined with an extended Kalman filter. An experimental test was conducted to verify the proposed method, and a comprehensive analysis of the performance in terms of the position, velocity, and attitude showed that the navigation performance could be improved by using the magnetometer and NHCs. Moreover, the proposed method could improve the estimation performance for the position, velocity, and attitude without any additional hardware except an inertial sensor and magnetometer. Therefore, this method would be effective for ground vehicles, indoor navigation, mobile robots, vehicle navigation in urban canyons, or navigation in any global navigation satellite system-denied environment.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 5
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    Study on the Weak Decays (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: Motivated by the prospects of the potential particle at high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments, we studied the weak decays, where = , , . The nonfactorizable contributions to hadronic matrix elements are taken into consideration with the QCDF approach. It is found that the CKM-favored decay has branching ratio of , which might be measured promisingly by the future experiments.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 6
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    Pareto-Ranking Based Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization for Multiobjective Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: A study on pareto-ranking based quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) for multiobjective optimization problems is presented in this paper. During the iteration, an external repository is maintained to remember the nondominated solutions, from which the global best position is chosen. The comparison between different elitist selection strategies (preference order, sigma value, and random selection) is performed on four benchmark functions and two metrics. The results demonstrate that QPSO with preference order has comparative performance with sigma value according to different number of objectives. Finally, QPSO with sigma value is applied to solve multiobjective flexible job-shop scheduling problems.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 7
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    Pressure Prediction of Coal Slurry Transportation Pipeline Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Kernel Function Extreme Learning Machine (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-11
    Beschreibung: For coal slurry pipeline blockage prediction problem, through the analysis of actual scene, it is determined that the pressure prediction from each measuring point is the premise of pipeline blockage prediction. Kernel function of support vector machine is introduced into extreme learning machine, the parameters are optimized by particle swarm algorithm, and blockage prediction method based on particle swarm optimization kernel function extreme learning machine (PSOKELM) is put forward. The actual test data from HuangLing coal gangue power plant are used for simulation experiments and compared with support vector machine prediction model optimized by particle swarm algorithm (PSOSVM) and kernel function extreme learning machine prediction model (KELM). The results prove that mean square error (MSE) for the prediction model based on PSOKELM is 0.0038 and the correlation coefficient is 0.9955, which is superior to prediction model based on PSOSVM in speed and accuracy and superior to KELM prediction model in accuracy.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Tyrosine Kinase Ligand-Receptor Pair Prediction by Using Support Vector Machine (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Receptor tyrosine kinases are essential proteins involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation in vivo and are heavily involved in allergic diseases, diabetes, and onset/proliferation of cancerous cells. Identifying the interacting partner of this protein, a growth factor ligand, will provide a deeper understanding of cellular proliferation/differentiation and other cell processes. In this study, we developed a method for predicting tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from their amino acid sequences. We collected tyrosine kinase ligand-receptor pairs from the Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP) and UniProtKB, filtered them by removing sequence redundancy, and used them as a dataset for machine learning and assessment of predictive performance. Our prediction method is based on support vector machines (SVMs), and we evaluated several input features suitable for tyrosine kinase for machine learning and compared and analyzed the results. Using sequence pattern information and domain information extracted from sequences as input features, we obtained 0.996 of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. This accuracy is higher than that obtained from general protein-protein interaction pair predictions.
    Print ISSN: 1687-8027
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-8035
    Thema: Biologie , Informatik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 9
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    Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Frost Heave in Porous Media (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: For the construction in cold regions, frost heave and thaw settlement are the two factors which must be taken care of. Considered that a saturated soil column was subjected to an overburden pressure to model the ice lens growing process. A typical process, which coupled water, heat, and stress that happened in a saturated freezing soil column, was simulated by the finite element software. We did the numerical simulation under the same conditions as the experiment tests and then compared the results from temperature, frost heave, frozen structure, water content, and water intake. Result shows that the simulation results match well with the experimental results, and the correctness of the mathematical model is validated. On that basis, frost heave amount under different conditions by changing the temperature boundary and loading boundary is obtained. The frost heave has an optimum temperature gradient. Under the optimum value, the frost heave amount increases with increasing temperature gradient. Above the optimum value, frost heave decreases with increasing temperature gradient. Increasing the overburden pressure, frost heave amount always decreases. These results can provide references for the constrictions in cold regions.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 10
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    An Unconditionally Stable Method for Solving the Acoustic Wave Equation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: An unconditionally stable method for solving the time-domain acoustic wave equation using Associated Hermit orthogonal functions is proposed. The second-order time derivatives in acoustic wave equation are expanded by these orthogonal basis functions. By applying Galerkin temporal testing procedure, the time variable can be eliminated from the calculations. The restriction of Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) condition in selecting time step for analyzing thin layer can be avoided. Numerical results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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  • 11
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    Complete Bilateral Teleoperation System for a Rotorcraft UAV with Time-Varying Delay (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: This paper proposes the use of simple proportional plus damping injection (P+d) controllers for delayed bilateral teleoperation of a rotorcraft UAV. The proposed control scheme involves P+d remote and local controllers, considers master and slave dynamics, and takes into account asymmetric time-varying delays. The stability of the proposed teleoperation system is analyzed using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and delay-dependent stability criteria are obtained under linear-matrix-inequalities conditions. The performance of the teleoperation scheme is tested driving a virtual nonlinear 6DOF dynamic model of a minihelicopter in a human-in-the-loop simulation.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 12
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    Application of the Periodic Average System Model in Dam Deformation Analysis (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Dams are among the most important hydraulic engineering facilities used for water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power. Monitoring of dams is crucial since deformation might have occurred. How to obtain the deformation information and then judge the safe conditions is the key and difficult problem in dam deformation monitoring field. This paper proposes the periodic average system model and creates the concept of “settlement activity” based on the dam deformation issue. Long-term deformation monitoring data is carried out in a pumped-storage power station, this model combined with settlement activity is used to make the single point deformation analysis, and then the whole settlement activity profile is drawn by clustering analysis. Considering the cumulative settlement value of every point, the dam deformation trend is analyzed in an intuitive effect way. The analysis mode of combined single point with multipoints is realized. The results show that the key deformation information of the dam can be easily grasped by the application of the periodic average system model combined with the distribution diagram of settlement activity. And, above all, the ideas of this research provide an effective method for dam deformation analysis.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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  • 13
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    The Heat Transfer Coefficient of Recycled Concrete Bricks Combination with EPS Insulation Board Wall (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Four tectonic forms samples were conducted to test their heat transfer coefficients. By analyzing and comparing the test values and theoretical values of the heat transfer coefficient, a corrected-value calculation method for determining the heat transfer coefficient was proposed; the proposed method was proved to be reasonably correct. The results indicated that the recycled concrete brick wall heat transfer coefficient is higher than that of the clay brick wall, the heat transfer coefficient of recycled concrete brick wall could be effectively reduced when combined with the EPS insulation board, and the sandwich insulation type was better than that of external thermal insulation type.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 14
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    High diversity stabilizes the thermal resilience of pollinator communities in intensively managed grasslands (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Article How variation in species responses to climate may influence the resilience of ecological communities to environmental change is not fully understood. Here, the authors characterize the thermal niches of insect pollinator communities and show that resilience increases along a gradient of land-use intensity. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8989 Authors: Sara Kühsel, Nico Blüthgen
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 15
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    Oestrogen sulfotransferase ablation sensitizes mice to sepsis (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Article Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to bacterial infection, can lead to organ failure and death. Here, Chai et al. investigate the mechanisms behind the septic response and identify the role of oestrogen sulfotransferase in this process in mice. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8979 Authors: Xiaojuan Chai, Yan Guo, Mengxi Jiang, Bingfang Hu, Zhigang Li, Jie Fan, Meihong Deng, Timothy R. Billiar, Heidi R. Kucera, Nilesh W. Gaikwad, Meishu Xu, Peipei Lu, Jiong Yan, Haiyan Fu, Youhua Liu, Lushan Yu, Min Huang, Su Zeng, Wen Xie
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 16
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    DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide for highly efficient gene silencing (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Article Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can repress the expression of specific genes. Here, the authors show that a DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) with a structure different from ASOs is more potent in suppressing target gene expression, and causes a less adverse effect in mouse liver. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8969 Authors: Kazutaka Nishina, Wenying Piao, Kie Yoshida-Tanaka, Yumiko Sujino, Tomoko Nishina, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Keiko Nitta, Kotaro Yoshioka, Hiroya Kuwahara, Hidenori Yasuhara, Takeshi Baba, Fumiko Ono, Kanjiro Miyata, Koichi Miyake, Punit P. Seth, Audrey Low, Masayuki Yoshida, C. Frank Bennett, Kazunori Kataoka, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Satoshi Obika, Takanori Yokota
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 17
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    Two enzymes with redundant fructose bisphosphatase activity sustain gluconeogenesis and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Article Mycobacterium tuberculosis feeds on host fatty acids during infection, a process that requires a fructose bisphosphatase (FBPase) enzyme for gluconeogenesis. Here, Ganapathy et al. show that the bacterium has two different FBPases and that this enzymatic activity is required for full virulence. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8912 Authors: Uday Ganapathy, Joeli Marrero, Susannah Calhoun, Hyungjin Eoh, Luiz Pedro Sorio de Carvalho, Kyu Rhee, Sabine Ehrt
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 18
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    Deficient angiogenesis in redox-dead Cys17Ser PKARIα knock-in mice (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Article The regulatory subunits (RI) of protein kinase A (PKA) form a disulfide bond in response to cellular hydrogen peroxide. Here the authors show that disulfide-activation of PKARIa regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in mice and may represent a new therapeutic target in diseases with abnormal angiogenesis. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8920 Authors: Joseph R. Burgoyne, Olena Rudyk, Hyun-ju Cho, Oleksandra Prysyazhna, Natasha Hathaway, Amanda Weeks, Rachel Evans, Tony Ng, Katrin Schröder, Ralf P. Brandes, Ajay M. Shah, Philip Eaton
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 19
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    Experimental superposition of orders of quantum gates (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09
    Beschreibung: Article It has been conjectured that not only states but also quantum operations can be placed in a superposition of causal order. Here, the authors use a qubit superpose the order in which two photonic gates are applied, which is shown to enable a more efficient detection of their commutation relations. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8913 Authors: Lorenzo M. Procopio, Amir Moqanaki, Mateus Araújo, Fabio Costa, Irati Alonso Calafell, Emma G. Dowd, Deny R. Hamel, Lee A. Rozema, Časlav Brukner, Philip Walther
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 20
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    Coupling of individual quantum emitters to channel plasmons (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09
    Beschreibung: Article The confined surface plasmon-polariton modes in plasmonic waveguides are a promising platform for single-photon manipulation in small, coplanar architectures. Here, Bermúdez Ureña et al . demonstrate efficient coupling of a single quantum emitter to the supported modes of a V-groove plasmonic waveguide. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8883 Authors: Esteban Bermúdez-Ureña, Carlos Gonzalez-Ballestero, Michael Geiselmann, Renaud Marty, Ilya P. Radko, Tobias Holmgaard, Yury Alaverdyan, Esteban Moreno, Francisco J. García-Vidal, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi, Romain Quidant
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 21
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    Diastereomeric liquid crystal domains at the mesoscale (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09
    Beschreibung: Article Helical nanofilaments—composed of achiral, bent core molecules—have been shown to assemble into left- and right-handed structures. Here, the authors show diastereomeric interactions on the mesocale between chiral liquid crystal guest compounds and helical nanofilament-based pores. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8763 Authors: Dong Chen, Michael R. Tuchband, Balazs Horanyi, Eva Korblova, David M. Walba, Matthew A. Glaser, Joseph E. Maclennan, Noel A. Clark
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 22
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    Nanometre-scale probing of spin waves using single-electron spins (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09
    Beschreibung: Article Exploring magnetic excitations and spin textures on the nanoscale may lead to new spintronic technologies and new understanding of condensed matter. Here, the authors demonstrate the potential of single-electron spins in diamond to image such excitations by characterizing spin waves in a ferromagnetic microdisc. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8886 Authors: Toeno van der Sar, Francesco Casola, Ronald Walsworth, Amir Yacoby
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 23
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    Superhydrophobic-like tunable droplet bouncing on slippery liquid interfaces (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-09
    Beschreibung: Article The impact of drops on surfaces is highly relevant to our daily life and many industrial applications, such as self-cleaning and ink printing. Here, Hao et al . show the transition from superhydrophobic-like drop bouncing, due to a trapped air layer, to substrate-dependent bouncing on a liquid thin film. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8986 Authors: Chonglei Hao, Jing Li, Yuan Liu, Xiaofeng Zhou, Yahua Liu, Rong Liu, Lufeng Che, Wenzhong Zhou, Dong Sun, Lawrence Li, Lei Xu, Zuankai Wang
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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  • 24
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    UAV Recharging Opportunities and Policies for Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: Recharging sensor networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provides a possible method for increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we evaluate that approach, determining how much of a benefit it provides and under what conditions. We base our simulations and field experiments on data collected from charging with our UAV-based wireless power transfer system, which has similar transfer ranges and efficiencies as other such systems. We determine that a UAV can increase the network lifetime up to 290% compared to no recharging, that the UAV should recharge 30% of the sensor node battery capacity at one time for the maximum benefit, and that the UAV should recharge the lowest powered node until the network reaches a size of approximately 306 nodes at which point it should recharge the sink. We also examine how the sensor network can aid this through sink selection. The policy varies as network size increases, with a static approach working well until 200 nodes, and then either a perimeter or heuristic approach works best. These results inform future use of UAVs in recharging and working with sensor networks.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-1477
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 25
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    An Intelligent Wireless Sensing and Control System to Improve Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring, Prediction, and Preaction (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: The aim of this study is to construct an intelligent wireless sensing and control system to address health issues. We combine three technologies including (1) wireless sensing technology to develop an extendable system for monitoring environmental indicators such as temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration, (2) ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) to predict air quality trends and take action before air quality worsens, and (3) fuzzy theory which is applied to build an energy-saving mechanism for feedback control. Experimental results show the following. (1) A longer historical data collected time interval will reduce the effects of abnormal surges on prediction results. We find the ARIMA prediction model accuracy improving from 3.19 ± 3.47% for a time interval of 10 minutes to 1.71 ± 1.45% for a time interval of 50 minutes. (2) The stability experiment shows that the error rate of prediction model is also less than 7.5%. (3) In the energy-saving experiment, fuzzy logic-based decision model can reduce the 55% energy while maintaining adequate air quality.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-1477
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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  • 26
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    Conformal Array Pattern Synthesis and Activated Elements Selection Strategy Based on PSOGSA Algorithm (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-12
    Beschreibung: The pattern synthesis and activated element selection for conformal array is investigated based on hybrid particle swarm optimization-gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA) in this paper. With the introduction of PSOGSA algorithm which is a novel hybrid optimization technique, the element excitations are optimized to obtain the desired pattern for conformal array in the case of considering uncoupled and coupled element pattern. Numerical simulation and full-wave electromagnetic calculation verify the advantage and efficiency of our method. Then, a novel strategy of activated element selection based on PSOGSA algorithm is proposed for saving the energy consumption in conformal array.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-5877
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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    Four-Channel Teleoperation with Time-Varying Delays and Disturbance Observers (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: This paper addresses the robust stability of teleoperated systems under the four-channel architecture, affected by time-varying communication delays and using disturbance observers. It is based on our previous work which provides a framework for robust stability against delays with bounded variation and a bounded time-derivative, using structured singular values (SSV). The main new feature here is the inclusion of disturbance observers (DOBs). The DOB concept is well-documented and relevant to many applications, since only position (but not force) measurements are usually available. In this paper, we adapt two DOBs (master and slave) to our generic framework, by representing them as stable, fast filters affected by the uncertainty in the plant modelling. Our main result is an SSV test to verify robust stability. The simulation results confirm the usefulness of this approach.
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    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: The approach of metric-affine gravity initially distinguishes it from Einstein’s general relativity. Using an independent affine connection produces a theory with 10 + 64 unknowns. We write down the Yang-Mills action for the affine connection and produce the Yang-Mills equation and the so-called complementary Yang-Mills equation by independently varying with respect to the connection and the metric, respectively. We call this theory the Yang-Mielke theory of gravity. We construct explicit spacetimes with pp-metric and purely axial torsion and show that they represent a solution of Yang-Mills theory. Finally we compare these spacetimes to existing solutions of metric-affine gravity and present future research possibilities.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7365
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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    Hom--Operators and Hom-Yang-Baxter Equations (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: In Hom-Lie set, we introduce the concept of Hom--operators and study its relation with classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, as well as left-symmetric Hom-algebras. We construct the corresponding relation between left-symmetric Hom-algebras and Hom-1-cocycles, which are both related to classical Hom-Yang-Baxter equation. Moreover, in Hom-algebra setting, we establish the equivalent relationship between AHYBE (associative Hom-Yang-Baxter equations) and -operators on Frobenius monoidal Hom-algebras.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9120
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-9139
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Publiziert von Hindawi
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    Heat and Mass Transfer for MHD Viscoelastic Fluid Flow over a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Considering Soret and Dufour Effects (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: The homotopy analysis method (HAM) with two auxiliary parameters is employed to examine heat and mass transfer in a steady two-dimensional magneto hydrodynamic viscoelastic fluid flow over a stretching vertical surface by considering Soret and Dufour effects. The two-dimensional boundary-layer governing partial differential equations are derived by considering the Boussinesq approximation. The highly nonlinear ordinary differential forms of momentum, energy, and concentration equations are obtained by similarity transformation. These equations are solved analytically in the presence of buoyancy force. The effects of different involved parameters such as magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number, buoyancy parameter, Soret number, Dufour number, and Lewis number on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are plotted and discussed. The effect of the second auxiliary parameter is also illustrated. Results show that the effect of increasing Soret number or decreasing Dufour number tends to decrease the velocity and temperature profiles (increase in Sr cools the fluid and reduces the temperature) while enhancing the concentration distribution.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Application of the Preview Control Method to the Optimal Tracking Control Problem for Continuous-Time Systems with Time-Delay (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: This paper considers the application of the preview control method to the optimal tracking control problem for a class of continuous-time systems with state and input delays. First, through a transformation, the system is transformed into a nondelayed one. Then, the tracking problem of the time-delay system is transformed into one of a nondelayed system via processing of the reference signal. We then apply preview control theory to derive an augmented system for the nondelayed system and design a controller with preview function assuming that the reference signal is previewable. Finally, we obtain the optimal control law of the augmented error system and thus obtain that of the original system by letting the preview length of the reference signal go to zero. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and validity of our conclusions.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Rotation and Magnetic Field Effect on Surface Waves Propagation in an Elastic Layer Lying over a Generalized Thermoelastic Diffusive Half-Space with Imperfect Boundary (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: The aim of the present investigation is to study the effects of magnetic field, relaxation times, and rotation on the propagation of surface waves with imperfect boundary. The propagation between an isotropic elastic layer of finite thickness and a homogenous isotropic thermodiffusive elastic half-space with rotation in the context of Green-Lindsay (GL) model is studied. The secular equation for surface waves in compact form is derived after developing the mathematical model. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficient are obtained for stiffness, and then deduced for normal stiffness, tangential stiffness and welded contact. The amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are computed analytically at the free plane boundary. Some special cases are illustrated and compared with previous results obtained by other authors. The effects of rotation, magnetic field, and relaxation times on the speed, attenuation coefficient, and the amplitudes of displacements, temperature, and concentration are displayed graphically.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Numerical Investigation of Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Rectangular Tubes with Protrusions (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: Flow characteristics and heat transfer performances in rectangular tubes with protrusions are numerically investigated in this paper. The thermal heat transfer enhancement of composite structures and flow resistance reduction of non-Newtonian fluid are taken advantage of to obtain a better thermal performance. Protrusion channels coupled with different CMC concentration solutions are studied, and the results are compared with that of smooth channels with water flow. The comprehensive influence of turbulence effects, structural effects, and secondary flow effects on the CMC’s flow in protrusion tubes is extensively investigated. The results indicate that the variation of flow resistance parameters of shear-thinning power-law fluid often shows a nonmonotonic trend, which is different from that of water. It can be concluded that protrusion structure can effectively enhance the heat transfer of CMC solution with low pressure penalty in specific cases. Moreover, for a specific protrusion structure and a fixed flow velocity, there exists an optimal solution concentration showing the best thermal performance.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Research on Conflict Behavior of Top Management Team in Family Enterprises: A Complex Network Perspective (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: At present time, methods of research about top management team’s conflict become more and more prosperous with the help of complex system theory and evolutionary game. Taking family enterprise as an example, this paper makes an attempt on exploring complex network modeling to study data processing method and abstraction method of complex network of TMT conflict. And the paper will consider the attribute and relational mapping of top management team as nodes and edges in complex network to discuss the direct correspondence between complex network structure and management team characteristics. Besides that, according to the multiple attribute decision making, the method to dig into core members of the top management team will be created on the basis of the degree, closeness, cluster coefficient, and betweenness. And then the article will devote to studying the impact of attributes to the inner mechanism of TMT conflict and team cohesion through the network characteristic analysis.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Improved binding site assignment by high-resolution mapping of RNA–protein interactions using iCLIP (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: Article Individual-nucleotide resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) can map RNA binding sites of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, the authors report an analysis tool that improves the binding site assignment for some RBPs that have length-dependent broader distribution for their iCLIP fragments. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8921 Authors: Christian Hauer, Tomaz Curk, Simon Anders, Thomas Schwarzl, Anne-Marie Alleaume, Jana Sieber, Ina Hollerer, Madhuri Bhuvanagiri, Wolfgang Huber, Matthias W. Hentze, Andreas E. Kulozik
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Publiziert von Springer Nature
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    IL10-driven STAT3 signalling in senescent macrophages promotes pathological eye angiogenesis (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: Article Pathological neovascularization causes blinding eye disease. Here the authors show that IL10 activates STAT3 signalling in the macrophages in the ageing eye, promoting their polarization towards a pro-angiogenic phenotype; interfering with this pathway reverses the pathology in a mouse model. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8847 Authors: Rei Nakamura, Abdoulaye Sene, Andrea Santeford, Abdelaziz Gdoura, Shunsuke Kubota, Nicole Zapata, Rajendra S. Apte
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Effect of a CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Root Surface Caries Adjacent to Restorations of Glass Ionomer Cement or Composite Resin: An In Vitro Study (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: This study investigated the effect of CO2 laser irradiation on the inhibition of secondary caries on root surfaces adjacent to glass ionomer cement (GIC) or composite resin (CR) restorations. 40 dental blocks were divided into 4 groups: G1 (negative control): cavity preparation + adhesive restoration with CR; G2: (positive control) cavity preparation + GIC restoration; G3: equal to group 1 + CO2 laser with 6 J/cm2; G4: equal to group 2 + CO2 laser. The blocks were submitted to thermal and pH cycling. Dental demineralization around restorations was quantified using microhardness analyses and Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). The groups showed no significant differences in mineral loss at depths between 20 μm and 40 μm. At 60 μm, G2 and G3 ≠ G1, but G4 = G1, G2 and G3. At 80 μm, G4 ≠ G1, and at 100 μm, G4 = G2 = G1. At 140 and 220 μm, G2, G3, and G4 = G1. The averages obtained using QFL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 0.637, 0.162, 0.095, and 0.048, respectively. QLF and microhardness analyses showed that CO2 laser irradiation reduced mineral loss around the CR restorations but that it did not increase the anticariogenic effect of GIC restorations.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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    Trend Change Study of Climate Variables in Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang Watershed, China (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: This study emphasizes the precipitation and the maximum and minimum temperature trend and presents the results of study in temporal and spatial scales, after performing statistical analysis of the Xin’anjiang-Fuchunjiang watershed. Statistical Mann Kendall and Theil Sen techniques were used to determine the trend and its magnitude, respectively, and for determining the start and abrupt change in the trend, Sequential Mann Kendall test has been performed. Furthermore, statistical tests were performed to determine the overall trend in the area at a regional basis. For the removal of the serial effect of the data, prewhitening technique is applied. In this study, statistical tests were performed at 1901–2013 precipitation and temperature series and then after detection of the change year precipitation data were divided into two different scenarios of 1901–1960 period and 1961–2013 period. The results showed that precipitation trend is insignificant while maximum and minimum temperature have increased during 1901–2013 period except for some stations of autumn and summer seasons.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
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    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
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    Feature Extraction in Densely Sensed Environments: Extensions to Multiple Broadcast Domains (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: The vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) includes large and dense deployment of interconnected smart sensing and monitoring devices. This vast deployment necessitates collection and processing of large volume of measurement data. However, collecting all the measured data from individual devices on such a scale may be impractical and time-consuming. Moreover, processing these measurements requires complex algorithms to extract useful information. Thus, it becomes imperative to devise distributed information processing mechanisms that identify application-specific features in a timely manner and with low overhead. In this paper, we present a feature extraction mechanism for dense networks that takes advantage of dominance-based medium access control (MAC) protocols to (i) efficiently obtain global extrema of the sensed quantities, (ii) extract local extrema, and (iii) detect the boundaries of events, by using simple transforms that nodes employ on their local data. We extend our results for a large dense network with multiple broadcast domains (MBD). We discuss and compare two approaches for addressing the challenges with MBD and we show through extensive evaluations that our proposed distributed MBD approach is fast and efficient at retrieving the most valuable measurements, independent of the number sensor nodes in the network.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    A Grid-Based Linear Least Squares Self-Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: Self-localization is one of the key technologies in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). Some traditional self-localization algorithms can provide a reasonable positioning accuracy only in a uniform and dense network, while for a nonuniform network the performance is not acceptable. In this paper, we presented a novel grid-based linear least squares (LLS) self-localization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the grid method to screen the anchors based on the distribution characteristic of a nonuniform network. Furthermore, by taking into consideration the quasi-uniform distribution of anchors in the area, we select suitable anchors to assist the localization. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can greatly enhance the localization accuracy of the anonymous nodes and impose less computation burden compared to traditional Trilateration and Multilateration.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    CTLL: A Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in Large Scale Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: Localization is emerging as a fundamental component in wireless sensor network and is widely used in the field of environmental monitoring, national and military defense, transportation monitoring, and so on. Current localization methods, however, focus on how to improve accuracy without considering the robustness. Thus, the error will increase rapidly when nodes density and SNR (signal to noise ratio) have changed dramatically. This paper introduces CTLL, Cell-Based Transfer Learning Method for Localization in WSNs, a new way for localization which is robust to the variances of nodes density and SNR. The method combines samples transfer learning and SVR (Support Vector Regression) regression model to get a better performance of localization. Unlike past work, which considers that the nodes density and SNR are invariable, our design applies regional division and transfer learning to adapt to the variances of nodes density and SNR. We evaluate the performance of our method both on simulation and realistic deployment. The results show that our method increases accuracy and provides high robustness under a low cost.
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    On Minimum-Latency Broadcast in Multichannel Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: Broadcast has critical significance for wide application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Minimum-latency broadcast (MLB) studies how to devise a broadcast schedule, which can achieve minimum broadcast latency with no signal interference. In multichannel duty-cycled WSNs, nodes can exploit multiple channels to communicate and periodically fall asleep after working for some time. Nevertheless, most solutions to the MLB problem either focus on nonsleeping scenarios or only exploit one single channel. Therefore, we investigate the MLB problem in multichannel duty-cycled WSNs in this paper and call this problem as MLBCD problem. We prove that MLBCD problem is NP-hard. We propose a new concept of active interference graph (AIG). Based on AIG, we present one novel approximation broadcast algorithm called NAB to solve the MLBCD problem. We prove that our proposed NAB algorithm achieves provable performance guarantee. The results of our extensive evaluations show that NAB algorithm can significantly improve the broadcast latency.
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    A Group Mining Method for Big Data on Distributed Vehicle Trajectories in WAN (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: A distributed parallel clustering method MCR-ACA is proposed by integrating the ant colony algorithm with the computing framework Map-Combine-Reduce for mining groups with the same or similar features from big data on vehicle trajectories stored in Wide Area Network. The heaviest computing burden of clustering is conducted in parallel at local nodes, of which the results are merged to small size intermediates. The intermediates are sent to the central node and clusters are generated adaptively. The great overhead of transferring big volume data is avoided by MCR-ACA, which improves the computing efficiency and guarantees the correctness of clustering. MCR-ACA is compared with an existing parallel clustering algorithm on practical big data collected by the traffic monitoring system of Jiangsu province in China. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for group mining by clustering.
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    Kalman Filter-Based Indoor Position Tracking with Self-Calibration for RSS Variation Mitigation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: This paper investigates the indoor position tracking problem under the variation of received signal strength (RSS) characteristic from the changes of device statuses and environmental factors. A novel indoor position tracking algorithm is introduced to provide reliable position estimates by integrating motion sensor-based positioning (i.e., dead-reckoning) and RSS-based fingerprinting positioning with Kalman filter. In the presence of the RSS variation, RSS-based fingerprinting positioning provides unreliable results due to different characteristics of RSS measurements in the offline and online phases, and the tracking performance is degraded. To mitigate the effect of the RSS variation, a recursive least square estimation-based self-calibration algorithm is proposed that estimates the RSS variation parameters and provides the mapping between the offline and online RSS measurements. By combining the Kalman filter-based tracking algorithm with the self-calibration, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher tracking accuracy even in severe RSS variation conditions. Through extensive computer simulations, we have shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms other position tracking algorithms without self-calibration.
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    A Self-Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Based Multiple Source Localization Algorithm in Binary Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: With the development of wireless communication and sensor techniques, source localization based on sensor network is getting more attention. However, fewer works investigate the multiple source localization for binary sensor network. In this paper, a self-adaptive particle swarm optimization based multiple source localization method is proposed. A detection model based on Neyman-Pearson criterion is introduced. Then the maximum likelihood estimator is employed to establish the objective function which is used to estimate the location of sources. Therefore, the multiple-source localization problem is transformed into optimization problem. In order to improve the ability of global search of particle swarm optimization, the self-adaptive particle swarm optimization is used to solve this problem. Various simulations have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed method owns higher localization accuracy in comparison with other methods.
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    Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: Based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization, a localization algorithm named multiobjective particle swarm optimization localization algorithm (MOPSOLA) is proposed to solve the multiobjective optimization localization issues in wireless sensor networks. The multiobjective functions consist of the space distance constraint and the geometric topology constraint. The optimal solution is found by multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Dynamic method is adopted to maintain the archive in order to limit the size of archive, and the global optimum is obtained according to the proportion of selection. The simulation results show considerable improvements in terms of localization accuracy and convergence rate while keeping a limited archive size by a method using the global optimal selection operator and dynamically maintaining the archive.
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Lightweight Anomaly Detection for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: Anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is critical to ensure the quality of senor data, secure monitoring, and reliable detection of interesting and critical events. The main challenge of anomaly detection algorithm in WSNs is identifying anomalies with high accuracy while consuming minimal resource of the network. In this paper two lightweight anomaly detection algorithms LADS and LADQA are proposed for WSNs. Both algorithms utilize the one-class quarter-sphere support vector machine (QSSVM) and convert the linear optimization problem of QSSVM to a sort problem for the reduced computational complexity. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can keep the lower computational complexity without reducing the accuracy for anomaly detection, compared to QSSVM.
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Robust Observer-Based Feedback Control for Lipschitz Singularly Perturbed Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: The observer-based feedback control for singularly perturbed systems (SPSs) with Lipschitz constraint is addressed. A sufficient condition, independent of the perturbation parameter, for a full-order observer is presented in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) such that observation error is exponentially stable for all sufficiently small perturbation parameters. Then, for observer-based feedback control, a proper controller is constructed to guarantee the input-to-state stability of the system with regard to the observation error. Considering the convergence of observation error, the stability of the system can be obtained based on the input-to-state stability property. It is shown that the proposed method is simple and easy to operate. Moreover, the upper bound of the small perturbation parameter for stability of systems can be explicitly estimated with a workable computation way. Finally, two numerical examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Direction of Arrival Estimation Based on DDOA and Self-Organizing Map (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: An effective two-level self-organizing map (SOM) neural network for direction of arrival (DOA) of sound signals estimation is proposed. The approach is based on the distance difference of arrival (DDOA) and a uniform linear sensor array in a 2D plane; it performs a nonlinear mapping between the DDOA vectors and angles of arrival (AOA). We found that the topological order of DDOA vectors and AOAs of same signals is uniform; thus, the topological order preserving of SOM network makes it valid to estimate AOA through DDOA. From the results of simulations and lake experiments, it is shown that the network has the advantage of accuracy and robustness, can be trained in advance, and is easy to implement.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    A Max-Term Counting Based Knowledge Inconsistency Checking Strategy and Inconsistency Measure Calculation of Fuzzy Knowledge Based Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: The task of finding all the minimal inconsistent subsets plays a vital role in many theoretical works especially in large knowledge bases and it has been proved to be a NP-complete problem. In this work, at first we propose a max-term counting based knowledge inconsistency checking strategy. And, then, we put forward an algorithm for finding all minimal inconsistent subsets, in which we establish a Boolean lattice to organize the subsets of the given knowledge base and use leaf pruning to optimize the algorithm efficiency. Comparative experiments and analysis also show the algorithm’s improvement over past approaches. Finally, we give an application for inconsistency measure calculation of fuzzy knowledge based systems.
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    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    On Galileo’s Tallest Column (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-13
    Beschreibung: The height at which an unloaded column will fail under its own weight was calculated for first time by Galileo for cylindrical columns. Galileo questioned himself if there exists a shape function for the cross section of the column with which it can attain a greater height than the cylindrical column. The problem is not solved since then, although the definition of the so named “constant maximum strength” solids seems to give an affirmative answer to Galileo’s question, in the form of shapes which seem to attain infinite height, even when loaded with a useful load at the top. The main contribution of this work is to show that Galileo’s problem is (i) an important problem for structural design theory of buildings and other structures, (ii) not solved by the time being in any sense, and (iii) an interesting problem for mathematicians involved in related but very different problems (as Euler’s tallest column). A contemporary formulation of the problem is included as a result of a research on the subject.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Anterior Single Implant-Supported Prostheses with Different Bone Anchorages (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of monocortical and bicortical implant placement of external hexagon connection in the anterior region of the maxilla by 3D finite element analysis (FEA). 3D models were simulated to represent a bone block of anterior region of the maxilla containing an implant (4.0 × 10.0 mm) and an implant-supported cemented metalloceramic crown of the central incisor. Different techniques were tested (monocortical, bicortical, and bicortical associated with nasal floor elevation). FEA was performed in FEMAP/NeiNastran software using loads of 178 N at 0°, 30°, and 60° in relation to implant long axis. The von Mises, maximum principal stress, and displacement maps were plotted for evaluation. Similar stress patterns were observed for all models. Oblique loads increased the stress concentration on fixation screws and in the cervical area of the implants and bone around them. Bicortical technique showed less movement tendency in the implant and its components. Cortical bone of apical region showed increase of stress concentration for bicortical techniques. Within the limitations of this study, oblique loading increased the stress concentrations for all techniques. Moreover, bicortical techniques showed the best biomechanical behavior compared with monocortical technique in the anterior maxillary area.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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    Convexity of Ruin Probability and Optimal Dividend Strategies for a General Lévy Process (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-14
    Beschreibung: We consider the optimal dividends problem for a company whose cash reserves follow a general Lévy process with certain positive jumps and arbitrary negative jumps. The objective is to find a policy which maximizes the expected discounted dividends until the time of ruin. Under appropriate conditions, we use some recent results in the theory of potential analysis of subordinators to obtain the convexity properties of probability of ruin. We present conditions under which the optimal dividend strategy, among all admissible ones, takes the form of a barrier strategy.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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    Divergent sorting of a balanced ancestral polymorphism underlies the establishment of gene-flow barriers in Capsella (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15
    Beschreibung: Article A hybrid incompatibility between Capsella plant species is due to an interaction between two immune regulators. Here, the authors show that highly divergent haplotypes result from balancing selection in the ancestral lineage and their sorting into derived lineages facilitated the evolution of the incompatibility. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8960 Authors: Adrien Sicard, Christian Kappel, Emily B. Josephs, Young Wha Lee, Cindy Marona, John R. Stinchcombe, Stephen I. Wright, Michael Lenhard
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Bacterial physiology: Hip persisters (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15
    Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 526 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3538 Author: Cláudio Nunes-Alves Persisters are dormant bacterial populations that contribute to multidrug tolerance (MDT) because they are able to escape treatment with most antibiotics, which target metabolically active cells. A new study now characterizes the molecular basis for persister generation involving HipA, a kinase that inhibits protein synthesis
    Print ISSN: 1740-1526
    Digitale ISSN: 1740-1534
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
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    Unveiling the pathogen behind the vacuole (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15
    Beschreibung: Nature Reviews Microbiology 13, 589 (2015). doi:10.1038/nrmicro3504 Authors: Peter Liehl, Vanessa Zuzarte-Luis & Maria M. Mota Many clinically relevant pathogens, including certain bacteria and protozoan parasites, have developed an intracellular lifestyle that enables them to nestle in customized vacuoles. Although these pathogens are protected from extracellular defences, recent findings indicate that host cells have evolved multiple strategies to unmask the pathogen
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
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    Mapping molecules in scanning far-field fluorescence nanoscopy (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-15
    Beschreibung: Article Mapping the distribution of fluorescence molecules, rather than just their emission intensity, can improve super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. Here, the authors present a general solution for rendering the number of fluorescent molecules recorded by confocal or STED microscopy. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8977 Authors: Haisen Ta, Jan Keller, Markus Haltmeier, Sinem K. Saka, Jürgen Schmied, Felipe Opazo, Philip Tinnefeld, Axel Munk, Stefan W. Hell
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Position Prediction Based Frequency Control of Beacons in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: In VANETs, frequent beacon broadcasting can lead to high bandwidth consumption and channel congestion. In this paper, a position prediction based beacon approach is proposed to reduce beacon frequency and decrease bandwidth consumption. Vehicles track their neighbors using the predicted position instead of using periodic beacon broadcasting. Only when the prediction error is higher than a predefined tolerance will a beacon broadcasting be triggered. For improving the prediction accuracy, we classify the motion of vehicles into two typical patterns: a constant speed pattern and a maneuvering pattern. A maneuver detection module is responsible for recognizing current motion patterns, and a variable dimension filter that can switch dynamically between the two patterns is employed to generate high accurate position prediction. The simulation results show the proposed scheme can reduce significantly the number of beacons than three existing beacon approaches.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Mobile Device Based Dynamic Key Management Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: In recent years, wireless sensor network (WSN) applications have tended to transmit data hop by hop, from sensor nodes through cluster nodes to the base station. As a result, users must collect data from the base station. This study considers two different applications: hop by hop transmission of data from cluster nodes to the base station and the direct access to cluster nodes data by mobile users via mobile devices. Due to the hardware limitations of WSNs, some low-cost operations such as symmetric cryptographic algorithms and hash functions are used to implement a dynamic key management. The session key can be updated to prevent threats of attack from each communication. With these methods, the data gathered in wireless sensor networks can be more securely communicated. Moreover, the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with related schemes. In addition, an NS2 simulation is developed in which the experimental results show that the designed communication protocol is workable.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Memory programming in CD8+ T-cell differentiation is intrinsic and is not determined by CD4 help (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: Article Persistent antigen stimulation can cause exhaustion and unresponsiveness of CD8 cells, impairing the immune response. Here the authors show that increasing the number of CD8 cells, decreasing the antigen load or providing CD4 help can overcome the exhaustion and establish a memory response. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8994 Authors: Juhyun Kim, Su Jeong Ryu, Keunhee Oh, Ji-Min Ju, Ji Yeong Jeon, Giri Nam, Dong-Sup Lee, Hang-Rae Kim, Joo Young Kim, Jun Chang, Thomas Sproule, Kyungho Choi, Derry Roopenian, Eun Young Choi
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Absorption-induced scattering and surface plasmon out-coupling from absorber-coated plasmonic metasurfaces (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: Article Plasmonic surfaces are used as two-dimensional metamaterials for light manipulation on nanoscale, and their optical properties can be further tuned by coating. Here the authors report a new absorption-induced scattering mode in a silver nanoparticle array coated with semiconducting organic absorbers. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8899 Authors: Christopher E. Petoukhoff, Deirdre M. O’Carroll
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Tectonic control on the persistence of glacially sculpted topography (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-16
    Beschreibung: Article U-shaped glacial valleys dominate 〉10 ka since the last major glaciation and the transitions from glacier-dominated to fluvial regimes are poorly understood. Here, the authors use digital topographic data to show that glacial topography is rapidly replaced by fluvial topography where rock uplift rates are high. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms9028 Authors: Günther Prasicek, Isaac J. Larsen, David R. Montgomery
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Energy Efficient Cooperative Sleep Control Using Small Cell for Wireless Networks (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: The demand for higher throughput and more reliable quality of service (QoS) explosive increases the number of base stations in future wireless networks, which causes severe energy waste problems in wireless networks, especially when base stations are in low traffic load status. This paper has two main contributions: first of all, we propose a semistatic energy efficient method to find out the optimal on-off pattern considering the interference from adjacent base stations using integer convex optimization, from which the optimal on-off proportion of base stations could be obtained; then we propose a novel energy efficient cooperative heuristic algorithm in dynamic scenario, by separating the waiting time into two independent Markov processes using the new method; the total power consumption could be reduced significantly by adopting the novel method. Compared with reference method, simulation results indicate that in semistatic scenario, the total system power consumption could be reduced up to 26%, and, in dynamic scenario, the system power consumption could be reduced up to 40%.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Determining Sensor Locations in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: Network lifetime plays an important role in the design of wireless sensor networks. This paper studies the problem of prolonging the wireless sensor network’s lifetime, through introducing additional sensors at proper locations to achieve the goal of minimizing the length of the longest edge in the network. The problem is in fact the bottleneck Steiner tree problem, trying to find a Steiner tree minimizing the length of the longest edges for the given terminals in the Euclidean plane by introducing at most Steiner points. A restricted bottleneck Steiner tree problem is studied in this paper, which requires that only degree 3 Steiner points are not allowed to be adjacent in the optimal solution. We show that the restricted problem is MAX-SNP hard and cannot be approximated within performance ratio in polynomial time unless = NP; we first propose a polynomial time -approximation algorithm and then improve the ratio to for any given , by presenting a polynomial time randomized approximation algorithm, which is almost optimal to the restricted problem.
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    A Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Score Incentive Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of many resource constraint sensor nodes, which are always deployed in unattended environment. Therefore, the sensor nodes are vulnerable to failure and malicious attacks. The failed nodes have a heavily negative impact on WSNs’ real-time services. Therefore, we propose a task allocation algorithm based on score incentive mechanism (TASIM) for WSNs. In TASIM, the score is proposed to reward or punish sensor nodes’ task execution in cluster-based WSNs, where cluster heads are responsible for task allocation and scores’ calculation. Based on the task scores, cluster members can collaborate with each other to complete complex tasks. In addition, the uncompleted tasks on failed nodes can be timely migrated to other cluster members for further execution. Furthermore, the uncompleted tasks on death nodes can be reallocated by cluster heads. Simulation results demonstrate that TASIM is quite suitable for real-time task allocation. In addition, the performance of the TASIM is clearly better than that of conventional task allocation algorithms in terms of both network load balance and energy consumption.
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    Research on Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Based on Improved PSO (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-17
    Beschreibung: Solving systems of nonlinear equations is perhaps one of the most difficult problems in all of numerical computations, especially in a diverse range of engineering applications. The convergence and performance characteristics can be highly sensitive to the initial guess of the solution for most numerical methods such as Newton’s method. However, it is very difficult to select reasonable initial guess of the solution for most systems of nonlinear equations. Besides, the computational efficiency is not high enough. Aiming at these problems, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (imPSO) is proposed, which can overcome the problem of selecting reasonable initial guess of the solution and improve the computational efficiency. The convergence and performance characteristics of this method are demonstrated through some standard systems. The results show that the improved PSO for solving systems of nonlinear equations has reliable convergence probability, high convergence rate, and solution precision and is a successful approach in solving systems of nonlinear equations.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Conformational states of the full-length glucagon receptor (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-02
    Beschreibung: Article G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane signaling proteins in humans and exhibit diverse activation mechanisms. Here, the authors combine electron microscopy, hydrogen deuterium exchange and Molecular dynamics simulations to gain insight into the activation mechanism of the glucagon receptor. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8859 Authors: Linlin Yang, Dehua Yang, Chris de Graaf, Arne Moeller, Graham M. West, Venkatasubramanian Dharmarajan, Chong Wang, Fai Y. Siu, Gaojie Song, Steffen Reedtz-Runge, Bruce D. Pascal, Beili Wu, Clinton S. Potter, Hu Zhou, Patrick R. Griffin, Bridget Carragher, Huaiyu Yang, Ming-Wei Wang, Raymond C. Stevens, Hualiang Jiang
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-02
    Beschreibung: Article Light atoms are hardly visible through standard microscopy techniques, because of their smaller scattering power and higher knock-on probability. Here, the authors present an approach to probe light atoms by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy, relying on inelastically scattered electrons. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8943 Authors: Ryosuke Senga, Kazu Suenaga
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Kalman Filter Sensor Fusion for Mecanum Wheeled Automated Guided Vehicle Localization (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: The Mecanum automated guided vehicle (AGV), which can move in any direction by using a special wheel structure with a LIM-wheel and a diagonally positioned roller, holds considerable promise for the field of industrial electronics. A conventional method for Mecanum AGV localization has certain limitations, such as slip phenomena, because there are variations in the surface of the road and ground friction. Therefore, precise localization is a very important issue for the inevitable slip phenomenon situation. So a sensor fusion technique is developed to cope with this drawback by using the Kalman filter. ENCODER and StarGazer were used for sensor fusion. StarGazer is a position sensor for an image recognition device and always generates some errors due to the limitations of the image recognition device. ENCODER has also errors accumulating over time. On the other hand, there are no moving errors. In this study, we developed a Mecanum AGV prototype system and showed by simulation that we can eliminate the disadvantages of each sensor. We obtained the precise localization of the Mecanum AGV in a slip phenomenon situation via sensor fusion using a Kalman filter.
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    Network Coding for Severe Packet Reordering in Multihop Wireless Networks (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: Network coding is known to be effective in overcoming packet losses and packet reordering in multihop wireless networks. Despite the benefits, network coding is hard to deploy without being compatible with TCP. To address this problem, a seminal paper proposed a network coding scheme that adopts an ACK-based sliding-widow network coding approach. In this paper we show that the previous scheme may not suffice to mitigate the effects of packets received out of order in multipath wireless networks where severe packet reordering persists. We propose a modified network coding layer where the receiver acknowledges every degree of freedom by using the sequence number of a newly seen packet instead of using that of the oldest unseen packet so that the network coding layer can be compatible with a TCP variant for severe packet reordering. To reduce the decoding matrix size and the coding buffer size, our scheme allows retransmission at the network coding layer. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the exiting scheme in multipath wireless networks particularly when severe packet reordering persists.
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    A Compact Experimental Planar Antenna with a USB Connector for Mobile Phone Application (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: A practical antenna design combined with a universal serial bus (USB) connector in close vicinity is proposed. In the proposed arrangement, the antenna unit consisted of two planar inverted F antennas (PIFAs) placed on the two sides of the USB connector. The antenna is located at the bottom of the mobile phone to avoid the crowded space on the top side of the phone where various mobile phone accessories are usually assigned. A diplexer is incorporated in the unit to alleviate the adverse effect of the metal USB connector on the radiating efficiency of the antenna. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested and showed good coverage for GSM850/900/1800/1900, UMTS2100, and LTE700/2500 multibands operation. The overall performances demonstrated the good design of the proposed unit for mobile phone application.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Localization in an Industrial Environment: A Case Study on the Difficulties for Positioning in a Harsh Environment (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: While indoor localization has become a highly growing application domain in the last few years, it is hardly investigated in industrial environments. Interferences of magnetic fields, shadowing, and multipath propagation discourage positioning system vendors from porting their techniques to these harsh environments. However, the actual influence of these interferences on the positioning accuracy and the differences between an industrial and a nonindustrial environment have never been evaluated. This paper analyzes the actual differences for a positioning technique that is based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting, map matching, dead reckoning, filtering, and a plausibility determination. An investigation of the Wi-Fi signal strengths and compass sensor values in an industrial and a nonindustrial environment thereby showed that the differences between them are significant. In fact, it shows that more interferences and shadowing in the industrial environment resulted in even more accurate positioning.
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    Design and Testing of a Shell-Encapsulated Solar Collector with the Compound Surface Concentrators (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: This paper presents design and testing of a shell-encapsulated solar collector which can be used in north area of China for wall-amounting installation. The designed solar collector is based on the combination of a novel compound curved surface concentrator and an aluminum concentric solar receiver, which is contained in a glass evacuated-tube. As there is no perforative joint between the double-skin glass evacuated-tube and the aluminum concentric solar receiver, the difficulty of vacuum keeping for a glass-metal joint is avoided. The cavity shell provides an additional thermal insulation to reduce heat loss of the designed solar collector. The working principle of the compound curved surface concentrator is described. The ray-tracing results are given to show the effect of deviation angle of the concentrator on its optical efficiency, hence determining its maximum acceptance angle. A prototype of the designed solar collector has been constructed and tested under the sunny winter weather condition. The experimental results indicate that the hot water temperature higher than 80°C with a daily average efficiency of about 45~50% has been achieved at the average ambient temperature below 0°C, so the designed solar collector can produce hot water at a useful temperature in winter.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-529X
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Energietechnik
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    Asymptotic Behavior of Weak Solutions to the Generalized Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation Model (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of weak solutions to the generalized nonlinear partial differential equation model. It is proved that every perturbed weak solution of the perturbed generalized nonlinear partial differential equations asymptotically converges to the solution of the original system under the large perturbation.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    Normal Forms of Hopf Bifurcation for a Reaction-Diffusion System Subject to Neumann Boundary Condition (2015)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: A reaction-diffusion system coupled by two equations subject to homogeneous Neumann boundary condition on one-dimensional spatial domain with is considered. According to the normal form method and the center manifold theorem for reaction-diffusion equations, the explicit formulas determining the properties of Hopf bifurcation of spatially homogeneous and nonhomogeneous periodic solutions of system near the constant steady state are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-0042
    Thema: Mathematik
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    Development of an Inexpensive Sensor Network for Recognition of Sitting Posture (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: The aim of this work is the development of a network of wireless devices to determine, along with a time-stamp, postural changes of users that are to be used in personalized learning environments. For this purpose, we have designed a basic low-cost pressure sensor that can be built from components easily available. Several of these basic sensors (of sizes and shapes chosen specifically for the task) are integrated into a posture sensor cushion, which is electronically controlled by an Arduino microcontroller board. This accounts for experiments involving either a single cushion to be used by an individual end-user setting approach or classroom approaches where several of these cushions make up a sensor network via ZigBee wireless connections. The system thus formed is an excellent alternative to other more expensive commercial systems and provides a low-cost, easy-to-use, portable, scalable, autonomous, flexible solution with free hardware and software, which can be integrated with other sensing devices into a larger affect detection system, customizable to cope with postural changes at required time intervals and support single and collective oriented experimentation approaches.
    Print ISSN: 1550-1329
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-1477
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    A Building-Block Favoring Method for the Topology Optimization of Internal Antenna Design (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: This paper proposes a new design technique for internal antenna development. The proposed method is based on the framework of topology optimization incorporated with three effective mechanisms favoring the building blocks of associated optimization problems. Conventionally, the topology optimization of antenna structures discretizes a design space into uniform and rectangular pixels. However, the defining length of the resultant building blocks is so large that the problem difficulty arises; furthermore, the order of the building blocks becomes extremely high, so genetic algorithms (GAs) and binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) are not more efficient than the random search algorithm. In order to form tight linkage groups of building blocks, this paper proposes a novel approach to handle the design details. In particular, a nonuniform discretization is adopted to discretize the design space, and the initialization of GAs is assigned as orthogonal arrays (OAs) instead of a randomized population; moreover, the control map of GAs is constructed by ensuring the schema growth based on the generalized schema theorem. By using the proposed method, two internal antennas are thus successfully developed. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed technique significantly outperforms the conventional topology optimization.
    Print ISSN: 1687-5869
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-5877
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Unmet need exists for a vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here the authors report the establishment and evaluation, in mice and primates, of a series of MERS-CoV immunogens and show that they can serve as promising leads for vaccine development. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8712 Authors: Lingshu Wang, Wei Shi, M. Gordon Joyce, Kayvon Modjarrad, Yi Zhang, Kwanyee Leung, Christopher R. Lees, Tongqing Zhou, Hadi M. Yassine, Masaru Kanekiyo, Zhi-yong Yang, Xuejun Chen, Michelle M. Becker, Megan Freeman, Leatrice Vogel, Joshua C. Johnson, Gene Olinger, John P. Todd, Ulas Bagci, Jeffrey Solomon, Daniel J. Mollura, Lisa Hensley, Peter Jahrling, Mark R. Denison, Srinivas S. Rao, Kanta Subbarao, Peter D. Kwong, John R. Mascola, Wing-Pui Kong, Barney S. Graham
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Stabilization of 4H hexagonal phase in gold nanoribbons (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Noble metals typically crystallize with the face-centered cubic structure. Here, the authors report the synthesis of gold nanoribbons in the 4H hexagonal polytype, a previously unreported, metastable phase of gold, and use it to stabilize 4H hexagonal phases of silver, palladium and platinum. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8684 Authors: Zhanxi Fan, Michel Bosman, Xiao Huang, Ding Huang, Yi Yu, Khuong P. Ong, Yuriy A. Akimov, Lin Wu, Bing Li, Jumiati Wu, Ying Huang, Qing Liu, Ching Eng Png, Chee Lip Gan, Peidong Yang, Hua Zhang
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Observation of non-Markovian micromechanical Brownian motion (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article All quantum systems are connected to their environment, and this reduces their quantumness through decoherence. Here, the authors show that the interaction between a macroscale quantum system—a micromechanical oscillator—and its environment leads to non-Markovian Brownian motion Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8606 Authors: S. Gröblacher, A. Trubarov, N. Prigge, G. D. Cole, M. Aspelmeyer, J. Eisert
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Aversive learning shapes neuronal orientation tuning in human visual cortex (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Sensory cortical tuning is shaped by experience to facilitate coding of features that are predictive of behaviourally relevant outcomes. Here the authors demonstrate that rapid behaviourally driven retuning of human visual cortex involves top–down projections as well as local inhibitory interactions. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8823 Authors: Lisa M. McTeague, L. Forest Gruss, Andreas Keil
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    MCM8-9 complex promotes resection of double-strand break ends by MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article The MCM8-9 complex is required for repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, the authors show that MCM8-9 is required for the nuclease activity of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex (MRN) and stabilizes its association with DNA damage sites, promoting resection of DSB ends. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8744 Authors: Kyung Yong Lee, Jun-Sub Im, Etsuko Shibata, Jonghoon Park, Naofumi Handa, Stephen C. Kowalczykowski, Anindya Dutta
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Promotion of presynaptic filament assembly by the ensemble of S. cerevisiae Rad51 paralogues with Rad52 (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Homologous repair of DNA double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on several conserved Rad51 paralogs. Here the authors provide biochemical evidence that Rad55-Rad57 synergistically interacts with the Shu complex to promote Rad51 filament formation and homology directed repair. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8834 Authors: William A. Gaines, Stephen K. Godin, Faiz F. Kabbinavar, Timsi Rao, Andrew P. VanDemark, Patrick Sung, Kara A. Bernstein
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Phytochrome diversity in green plants and the origin of canonical plant phytochromes (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors in plants that regulate key life cycle processes, yet their evolutionary origins are not well understood. Using transcriptomic and genomic data, Li et al. find that canonical plant phytochromes originated in a common ancestor of land plants and charophyte algae. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8852 Authors: Fay-Wei Li, Michael Melkonian, Carl J. Rothfels, Juan Carlos Villarreal, Dennis W. Stevenson, Sean W. Graham, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Kathleen M. Pryer, Sarah Mathews
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Quantum Monte Carlo study of the phase diagram of solid molecular hydrogen at extreme pressures (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article Experimental studies of hydrogen at high pressure are challenging, so theory is central to understanding its phase behaviour; however, computed phase diagrams do not agree with previous measurements. Here, the authors use a quantum Monte Carlo method and present results in qualitative agreement with experiment. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8794 Authors: N. D. Drummond, Bartomeu Monserrat, Jonathan H. Lloyd-Williams, P. López Ríos, Chris J. Pickard, R. J. Needs
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Infrared nanospectroscopy characterization of oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates during amyloid formation (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-07-30
    Beschreibung: Article The onset of neurodegenerative disorders is associated at the molecular level with insoluble protein aggregates, named amyloids. Here, the authors characterize by infrared nanospectroscopy and nanomechanical studies, the amyloid aggregation at the individual species scale. Nature Communications doi: 10.1038/ncomms8831 Authors: F. S. Ruggeri, G. Longo, S. Faggiano, E. Lipiec, A. Pastore, G. Dietler
    Digitale ISSN: 2041-1723
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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    Design of Pd-Based Bimetallic Catalysts for ORR: A DFT Calculation Study (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: Developing Pd-lean catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key for large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the present paper, we have proposed a multiple-descriptor strategy for designing efficient and durable ORR Pd-based alloy catalysts. We demonstrated that an ideal Pd-based bimetallic alloy catalyst for ORR should possess simultaneously negative alloy formation energy, negative surface segregation energy of Pd, and a lower oxygen binding ability than pure Pt. By performing detailed DFT calculations on the thermodynamics, surface chemistry and electronic properties of Pd-M alloys, Pd-V, Pd-Fe, Pd-Zn, Pd-Nb, and Pd-Ta, are identified theoretically to have stable Pd segregated surface and improved ORR activity. Factors affecting these properties are analyzed. The alloy formation energy of Pd with transition metals M can be mainly determined by their electron interaction. This may be the origin of the negative alloy formation energy for Pd-M alloys. The surface segregation energy of Pd is primarily determined by the surface energy and the atomic radius of M. The metals M which have smaller atomic radius and higher surface energy would tend to favor the surface segregation of Pd in corresponding Pd-M alloys.
    Print ISSN: 2090-9063
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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    Distributed Software-Attestation Defense against Sensor Worm Propagation (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable to sensor worm attacks in which the attacker compromises a few nodes and makes these compromised nodes initiate worm spread over the network, targeting the worm infection of the whole nodes in the network. Several defense mechanisms have been proposed to prevent worm propagation in wireless sensor networks. Although these proposed schemes use software diversity technique for worm propagation prevention under the belief that different software versions do not have common vulnerability, they have fundamental drawback in which it is difficult to realize the aforementioned belief in sensor motes. To resolve this problem, we propose on-demand software-attestation based scheme to defend against worm propagation in sensor network. The main idea of our proposed scheme is to perform software attestations against sensor nodes in on-demand manner and detect the infected nodes by worm, resulting in worm propagation block in the network. Through analysis, we show that our proposed scheme defends against worm propagation in efficient and robust manner. Through simulation, we demonstrate that our proposed scheme stops worm propagation at the reasonable overhead while preventing a majority of sensor nodes from being infected by worm.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
    Digitale ISSN: 1687-7268
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    A Self-Adaptive Wireless Sensor Network Coverage Method for Intrusion Tolerance Based on Trust Value (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: The sensor is quite easily attacked or invaded during the process of the node coverage optimization. It is a great challenge to make sure that the wireless sensor network could still carry out a secure communication and reliable coverage under the condition of being attacked. Therefore, this paper proposes a network coverage method for intrusion tolerance based on trust value of nodes by combining the trust value model with the reliable coverage optimization. It first estimates trust value of nodes through which to regulate the perception radius and decision-making radius. Furthermore, this algorithm also combines the classical methods of wireless network coverage, such as GSO and PSO, to realize the networks coverage of invasive tolerant sensor. After comparing with the conventional single cover mechanism, it can improve the security and coverage rate of network under the condition of invasion. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Accurately Identifying New QoS Violation Driven by High-Distributed Low-Rate Denial of Service Attacks Based on Multiple Observed Features (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: We propose using multiple observed features of network traffic to identify new high-distributed low-rate quality of services (QoS) violation so that detection accuracy may be further improved. For the multiple observed features, we choose F feature in TCP packet header as a microscopic feature and, P feature and D feature of network traffic as macroscopic features. Based on these features, we establish multistream fused hidden Markov model (MF-HMM) to detect stealthy low-rate denial of service (LDoS) attacks hidden in legitimate network background traffic. In addition, the threshold value is dynamically adjusted by using Kaufman algorithm. Our experiments show that the additive effect of combining multiple features effectively reduces the false-positive rate. The average detection rate of MF-HMM results in a significant 23.39% and 44.64% improvement over typical power spectrum density (PSD) algorithm and nonparametric cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Trust-Aware and Low Energy Consumption Security Topology Protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-04
    Beschreibung: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a kind of distributed and self-organizing networks, in which the sensor nodes have limited communication bandwidth, memory, and limited energy. The topology construction of this network is usually vulnerable when attacked by malicious nodes. Besides, excessive energy consumption is a problem that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper proposes a secure topology protocol of WSN which is trust-aware and of low energy consumption, called TLES. The TLES considers the trust value as an important factor affecting the behavior of node. In detail, the TLES would take trust value, residual energy of the nodes, and node density into consideration when selecting cluster head nodes. Then, TLES constructs these cluster head nodes by choosing the next hop node according to distance to base station (BS), nodes’ degrees, and residual energy, so as to establish a safe, reliable, and energy saving network. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively isolate the malicious node in the network and reduce the consumption of energy of the whole network.
    Print ISSN: 1687-725X
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Anticorrosion Nanocrystalline Beta Zeolite Thin Film for Advanced Applications (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: Steel alloys corrosion is ubiquitous and is conventionally protected by anticorrosion chromate coatings. However, the process suffers from the release of carcinogenic hexavalent chromium ions that needs to be replaced by an ecofriendly alternative. In this context, the need for the development of satisfactory ecofriendly chromium-free coating with superior corrosion performance is highly desirable. In the present study, we synthesized fully dispersible nanocrystalline Beta zeolite seeds and coated on steel alloys followed by steaming. The samples were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, and DLS analyses. The anticorrosion behavior of the synthesized nanoparticle coatings on steel alloys was investigated by electrochemical measurements (DC polarization) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in NaCl and acid and alkaline media under identical experimental conditions. The present study demonstrated that the nanozeolite coating can be a potential alternative for toxic and carcinogenic chromate coating.
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    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
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    Intrusion Detection Algorithm for Mitigating Sinkhole Attack on LEACH Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: In wireless sensor network (WSN), the sensors are deployed and placed uniformly to transmit the sensed data to a centralized station periodically. So, the major threat of the WSN network layer is sinkhole attack and it is still being a challenging issue on the sensor networks, where the malicious node attracts the packets from the other normal sensor nodes and drops the packets. Thus, this paper proposes an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) mechanism to detect the intruder in the network which uses Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol for its routing operation. In the proposed algorithm, the detection metrics, such as number of packets transmitted and received, are used to compute the intrusion ratio (IR) by the IDS agent. The computed numeric or nonnumeric value represents the normal or malicious activity. As and when the sinkhole attack is captured, the IDS agent alerts the network to stop the data transmission. Thus, it can be a resilient to the vulnerable attack of sinkhole. Above all, the simulation result is shown for the proposed algorithm which is proven to be efficient compared with the existing work, namely, MS-LEACH, in terms of minimum computational complexity and low energy consumption. Moreover, the algorithm was numerically analyzed using TETCOS NETSIM.
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Determining Replenishment Lot Size and Shipment Policy for an EPQ Inventory Model with Delivery and Rework (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: The determination of production-shipment policies for a vendor-buyer system is dealt within this paper. The main objective is to derive the optimal replenishment lot size and shipment policy for an EPQ inventory model with multiple deliveries and rework. This inventory model contains two decision variables: the replenishment lot size and the number of deliveries. Previous researches solve this inventory model considering both variables to be continuous. However, the number of deliveries must be considered as a discrete variable. In this direction, this paper solves the inventory model considering two cases: Case 1: the replenishment lot size as a continuous variable and the number of shipments as a discrete variable and Case 2: the replenishment lot size and the number of shipments as discrete variables. The final results are two simple and easy-to-apply solution procedures to find the optimal values for the replenishment lot size and the number of deliveries for each case.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Digitale ISSN: 1563-5147
    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    A Study of SUOWA Operators in Two Dimensions (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: SUOWA operators are a new class of aggregation functions that simultaneously generalize weighted means and OWA operators. They are Choquet integral-based operators with respect to normalized capacities; therefore, they possess some interesting properties such as continuity, monotonicity, idempotency, compensativeness, and homogeneity of degree 1. In this paper, we focus on two dimensions and show that any Choquet integral with respect to a normalized capacity can be expressed as a SUOWA operator.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    A New Biobjective Model to Optimize Integrated Redundancy Allocation and Reliability-Centered Maintenance Problems in a System Using Metaheuristics (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: A novel integrated model is proposed to optimize the redundancy allocation problem (RAP) and the reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) simultaneously. A system of both repairable and nonrepairable components has been considered. In this system, electronic components are nonrepairable while mechanical components are mostly repairable. For nonrepairable components, a redundancy allocation problem is dealt with to determine optimal redundancy strategy and number of redundant components to be implemented in each subsystem. In addition, a maintenance scheduling problem is considered for repairable components in order to identify the best maintenance policy and optimize system reliability. Both active and cold standby redundancy strategies have been taken into account for electronic components. Also, net present value of the secondary cost including operational and maintenance costs has been calculated. The problem is formulated as a biobjective mathematical programming model aiming to reach a tradeoff between system reliability and cost. Three metaheuristic algorithms are employed to solve the proposed model: Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Multiobjective Firefly Algorithm (MOFA). Several test problems are solved using the mentioned algorithms to test efficiency and effectiveness of the solution approaches and obtained results are analyzed.
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    Thema: Mathematik , Technik allgemein
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    A Data Processing Middleware Based on SOA for the Internet of Things (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: The Internet of Things (IoT) emphasizes on connecting every object around us by leveraging a variety of wireless communication technologies. Heterogeneous data fusion is widely considered to be a promising and urgent challenge in the data processing of the IoT. In this study, we first discuss the development of the concept of the IoT and give a detailed description of the architecture of the IoT. And then we design a middleware platform based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) for integration of multisource heterogeneous information. New research angle regarding flexible heterogeneous information fusion architecture for the IoT is the theme of this paper. Experiments using environmental monitoring sensor data derived from indoor environment are performed for system validation. Through the theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the data processing middleware architecture represents better adaptation to multisensor and multistream application scenarios in the IoT, which improves heterogeneous data utilization value. The data processing middleware based on SOA for the IoT establishes a solid foundation of integration and interaction for diverse networks data among heterogeneous systems in the future, which simplifies the complexity of integration process and improves reusability of components in the system.
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    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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    Rutting and Fatigue Cracking Resistance of Waste Cooking Oil Modified Trinidad Asphaltic Materials (2015)
    Hindawi
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    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: The influence of waste cooking oil (WCO) on the performance characteristics of asphaltic materials indigenous to Trinidad, namely, Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA), Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB), and TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blend, was investigated to deduce the applicability of the WCO as a performance enhancer for the base asphalt. The rheological properties of complex modulus () and phase angle () were measured for modified base asphalt blends containing up to 10% WCO. The results of rheology studies demonstrated that the incremental addition of WCO to the three parent binders resulted in incremental decreases in the rutting resistance (decrease in values) and increases in the fatigue cracking resistance (decrease in value). The fatigue cracking resistance and rutting resistance for the TLA : TPB (50 : 50) blends were between those of the blends containing pure TLA and TPB. As operating temperature increased, an increase in the resistance to fatigue cracking and a decrease in the rutting resistance were observed for all of the WCO modified asphaltic blends. This study demonstrated the capability to create customized asphalt-WCO blends to suit special applications and highlights the potential for WCO to be used as an environmentally attractive option for improving the use of Trinidad asphaltic materials.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion to Treat Saline Sludge from Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: The effectiveness of carbohydrate addition and the use of ultrasonication as a pretreatment for the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of saline aquacultural sludge was assessed. Analyses were conducted using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), which included stopped gas production attributed to the saline inhibition. After increasing the C : N ratio, gas production was observed, and the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency increased from 75% to 80%. The TCOD removal efficiency of the sonication period was approximately 85%, compared to 75% for the untreated waste. Ultrasonication of aquaculture sludge was also found to enhance the gas production rate and the TCOD removal efficiency. The average volatile fatty acid (VFA) to alkalinity ratios ranged from 0.1 to 0.05, confirming the stability of the digesters. Furthermore, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), VFA, and concentrations increased in the effluents. There was a 114% greater gas generation during the ultrasonication period, with an average production of 0.08 g COD/L·day−1.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Vitamin D Status among Older Adults Residing in the Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador (2015)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2015-08-03
    Beschreibung: Objectives. To estimate the prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and its determinants among older adults in Ecuador. Methods. 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency prevalence rates were examined among participants in the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing, and Aging. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate demographic characteristics associated with 25(OH)D deficiency. Results. Of 2,374 participants with a mean age of 71.0 (8.3) years, 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency were present in 67.8% (95% CI, 65.3–70.2) and 21.6% (95% CI, 19.5–23.7) of older adults in Ecuador, respectively. Women (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 3.15–3.22), self-reported race as Indigenous (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.70–2.80), and residents in rural (OR, 4.49; 95% CI, 4.40–4.58) and urban (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 2.69–2.80) areas of the Andes Mountains region were variables significantly associated with 25(OH)D deficiency among older adults. Conclusions. Despite abundant sunlight throughout the year in Ecuador, 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly prevalent among older women, Indigenous subjects, and subjects residing in the Andes Mountains region of the country. The present findings may assist public health authorities to implement policies of vitamin D supplementation among older adults at risk for this condition.
    Digitale ISSN: 1537-744X
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Publiziert von Hindawi
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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