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  • Nature Publishing Group  (3,777)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • 1990-1994  (3,777)
  • 1990  (3,777)
  • 1
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    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 346 (6282). pp. 323-324.
    Publication Date: 2017-08-10
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-05-08
    Description: ISOTOPE ratios and concentrations of incompatible trace elements are remarkably successful in discriminating the tectonic origin and magmatic source components for basalts1–5. But problems remain with discriminating the tectonic origin of some tholeiites, especially where field relations and other geological evidence are ambiguous. For example, the tectonic origin of basalts from the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) has been debated for several decades. Most workers have been unable to distinguish between an island-arc and/or back-arc origin for the ophiolite6–8. Here we use volatile, K2O and TiO2 contents from ∼250 fresh submarine volcanic glasses to discriminate between tholeiites from different tectonic regimes. K2O÷H2O ratios are lower (〈0.70) in spread ing-centre glasses than in those from island arcs and intraplate oceanic islands. Back-arc-basin basalts can generally be separated from mid-ocean-ridge basalts by their high H2O contents. Using this information, we show that some fresh glasses from the Troodos ophiolite have a clear back-arc-basin affinity.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 665-665 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Munich & London AFTER years of argument and uncertainty, the European Space Agency (ESA)'s council last week agreed to increase the agency's budget for space science in 1993 and 1994, dispelling fears that important projects would be cut because of a lack of funds. The agreement comes as a ...
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  • 4
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 666-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London & Tokyo TOSHIBA, the Japanese electronics company, is opening a semiconductor research centre in Cambridge, England, in January 1991, its first European basic research laboratory. The centre is one of a series of British-based research laboratories being set up by Japanese ...
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  • 5
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 669-669 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-British science and technology have until recently had an enviable record of innovation. We think this is due to the fact that they have been run on well tried and, until recently, trusted principles of 'backing the man'. Although this principle may have been elitist, it meant that science and ...
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A gene has been identified that is expressed specifically in stromal cells surrounding invasive breast carcinomas. On the basis of its sequence, the product of this gene, named stromelysin-3, is a new member of the family of metalloproteinase enzymes which degrade the extracellular matrix. The ...
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  • 7
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 711-714 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used published palynological, pedological and sedimentological data to produce global maps of vegetation and ice cover at 18kyr, which we compare with present natural vegetation (the vegetation types which it is thought would exist without human influence, under present climate conditions). ...
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  • 8
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 735-738 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Single acinar cells responded to acetylcholine (ACh) with a rise in [Ca2+]j (Fig. 1)6-8, which was mainly due to release of Ca2+ from internal stores9, because its amplitude was not altered by the removal of external Ca2+ (data not shown). Exposure to ACh also elicited an ionic current carried by ...
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  • 9
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 665-665 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi INDIA'S Department of Space (DOS) has drawn up an ambitious plan to use space technology to tackle the country's illiteracy problem. It aims to launch a pair of satellites dedicated to beaming classroom education to every rural household. The programme, known as Gramsat (gram is ...
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  • 10
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 665-665 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London BRITISH ecology will celebrate the New Year with the opening on 9 January of a unique ecology research facility at the Centre for Population Biology. The new £1-million facility, the Ecotron, will make it possible to model complete ecosystems in precisely controlled environments. ...
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  • 11
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 666-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London THE last remaining stocks of the smallpox virus should be destroyed by the end of 1993, after US and Soviet laboratories have finished sequencing the smallpox viral genome. Frozen viruses are now kept only at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta and the Research Institute for ...
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  • 12
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 661-661 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE annual budget of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), now more than $8,000 million a year, is the largest single source of support for basic research in the whole wide world. This pot of gold, steadily enlarged over four decades, has created and sustained the US biomedical research ...
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  • 13
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 666-666 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London AGRICULTURE ministry pathologists have confirmed that an 18-month-old kudu from London Zoo, never fed the animal feed thought to contain the infective agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), died of a BSE-like disease. The only source for infection seems to be the antelope's ...
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  • 14
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 667-667 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AFTER of years of appeals from abroad, the largest private source of research funds in the United States is planning to go international. The wealthy Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) has agreed to begin funding research in Canada and Mexico, and hopes to expand across the ...
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  • 15
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 682-682 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] LAST week Daedalus proposed synthesizing benzene in a magnetic field. Each ring molecule would then have a magnetic flux line threaded through it. Since the benzene ring acts as a room-temperature superconductor, through which flux lines cannot pass, the molecules would then be permanently linked ...
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  • 16
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 684-684 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Cherry, in his News and Views article1, gives a good account of the "case of vanishing neutrinos", but by referring only to Bahcall and Bethe for its interpretation, he creates a "case of vanishing authors". The significance of the third, or small-mass-difference, MSW solution was recognized ...
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  • 17
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 687-687 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Igloos, built from blocks of wind-packed snow cut with long knives and stacked up in a spiral fashion, can last for several weeks in the polar winter. This picture is taken from North Pole, South Pole by Bernard Stonehouse, which examines life at the poles and polar issues. Published by Prion, ...
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  • 18
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 578-578 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The recent report1 of the detection of HIV-1 sequences in the tissues of a British sailor who died in Manchester in 1959 highlights again the question of when HIV first infected human beings. The same year is also that of the earliest recorded serum samples (from Zaire) found to contain ...
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The existence of a distinct peptide transporter for class I molecules was proposed initially to account for the properties of the mutant mouse cell line, RMA-S (ref. 5). Class I MHC molecules in RMA-S fail to assemble normally in the ER, and the cell is unable to present peptides of biosynthetic ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 749-752 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To examine the elements contributing to tissue-specific and integration site-independent expression, we produced transgenic mice containing the chicken ßA-globin gene with (ßAE) or without (ßA?e) the downstream enhancer (Fig. la). Six of 33 mice developing from embryos ...
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Eighteen individuals from six generations of the Li-Fraumeni family that we studied had malignancies. No karyotypic abnormalities in the family members have been previously identified. The diversity of malignancies in the specific cancer-prone branch of the family that we studied (see Fig. 1 for a ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 570-570 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] London A controversial French and Australian proposal that would have made Antarctica a unique continental 'natural reserve' was rejected by delegates from the Antarctic Treaty nations, meeting in Vina del Mar, Chile, over the past three weeks. But the central plank of the French and ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 569-569 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE future of the US space programme depends on cutting costs, setting new goals and scaling down big projects like Space Station Freedom, the Augustine commission on NASA's long term future reported on Monday. Some concerns over NASA's activities are "deserved, and ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 570-570 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] San Francisco IN the latest episode of Stanford University's ongoing saga of problems with the high overhead rate it charges to government research grants, Stanford has admitted that in the name of research it billed taxpayers from 1981 to 1988 for depreciation of its 72-foot yacht, the ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 572-572 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology (POST), set up in April 1989 to inform Members of Parliament (MPs) on scientific issues, may win support from public funds following the change in prime minister. After former prime minister Margaret Thatcher refused to provide any public ...
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  • 26
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 705-707 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The main assumptions of the CDM cosmogony are that the Universe is flat and dominated by weakly interacting particles, and that gaussian, scale-invariant, adiabatic fluctuations were generated in the early Universe and grew by gravitational instability to form the structure that we observe today. ...
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  • 27
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 710-711 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Direct radiocarbon dating of prehistoric rock paintings requires that organic material was incorporated into the paints, and that this carbonaceous matter can be extracted without contamination from other sources. The paint pigments themselves are inorganic, primarily iron and manganese oxides21. ...
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  • 28
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 715-717 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used the results of previous measurements of SiC in acid residues to define the conditions for the in situ search: the concentration is 6-9 p.p.m., most of the mass is in grains 〈1 µm in size, the background of other silicon-bearing compounds is high, and it is not known whether the ...
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Notes: [Auszug] The gene encoding ISP42, an integral outer-membrane protein located at the yeast mitochondrial protein import site was cloned, sequenced and modified. Yeast cells depleted of ISP42 accumulate uncleaved mitochondrial precursor proteins and then die. ISP42 is the first mitochondrial membrane protein ...
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1476-4687
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We obtained 1.6-4.8 p,m wavelength images of lo in sunlight and in Jupiter eclipse using the 3.2-m NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) and its 62 x 58 pixel InSb array camera, Proto-CAM13, on 22-24 December 1989 and 21 March 1990, with an image scale of 0.136 arcsec pixel-1. The full width at ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 626-628 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stratospheric aerosols (solutions of sulphuric acid in water) are present in the lower stratosphere at all latitudes. The aerosol layer, discovered by Junge5, extends from about 10 to 30km altitude; the aerosol concentration, and therefore the area available for heterogeneous chemistry, is ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 658-660 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Year-end products include instrumentation for the automatic injection of oocytes with DNA, a twin-block thermal cycler where each block can be controlled independently, and bibliographic software that brings order to chaos. ...
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  • 33
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 469-469 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Research per dollar yardstick Total new grants limited to 5,750 per year Washington IN the face of pressure from Congress and their own grant recipients to stretch research dollars, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) have unveiled plans to change the rules dramatically in ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 483-484 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WHAT has more than a million cubic metres of rock debris, travels up to 100 km horizontally at speeds faster than 50 m s ' and can climb hills? The answer to this geological riddle is a giant rock avalanche, dubbed a sturzstrom by the Swiss geologist Albert Heim in 1932. Known to geologists since ...
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  • 35
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 487-487 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Two liquids of different viscosities will stratify with the heavy liquid below, when stationary. But when these stratified liquids are made to flow down a pipe, the less viscous liquid will tend to encapsulate the more viscous liquid, even lubricating it, regardless of their relative densities ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 642-644 
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    Notes: [Auszug] To study the ability of mouse T lymphocytes to generate a primary cytotoxic T-cell response against HLA class I antigens, spleen cells from C57B1/6 or (C57Bl/6x DBA/2)F! mice were stimulated in vitro against splenocytes from HLA-transgenic mice. HLA-transgenic spleen cells were used instead of HLA ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 573-573 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Budapest THE Hungarian research community is anxiously awaiting a decision later this month that could signal the beginning of a scientific renaissance. But its hopes are clouded by economic and other uncertainties. At issue is a government proposal to double the Hungarian Research Fund ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 575-575 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo JAPANESE journalist Toyohiro Akiyama returned safely to Earth on Monday after propelling the Soviet space industry into a new, commercial orbit. Lenin must have turned in his grave when a Soyuz rocket, the pride of the Communist nation's space fleet, carrying Akiyama of Tokyo ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 577-577 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The report of Peter Aldhous (Nature 347, 216; 1990) about the setting-up by the Japanese pharmaceutical company EISAI of a neurosciences research centre at University College, London, takes the opportunity to castigate British pharmaceutical companies for not investing in UK universities. ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 579-579 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE past few months appear to have brought endless disappointments for those hunting for the dark matter that is supposed to give the Universe the appear-ence of being almost held together. Every few weeks or so, there seems to have been yet another demonstration that neither the hypothetical ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 582-582 
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    Notes: [Auszug] MANY vertebrate lineages show a tendency to extreme smallness that imposes constraints on their anatomy. In the Palaeozoic amphibian Quasicaecilia texanafrom the Permian of Texas, discussed by R. L. Carroll (Palaeontology 33, 893-909, 1990), the back of the skull is dominated by an enormous otic ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 583-583 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WHEN in 1987 physicists at a meeting of the American Physical Society held an all-night session to discuss the newly discovered high-temperature superconductors, they may have established a precedent. Certainly this comparison was on the tongues of some of the 500-plus participants of the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 471-471 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Johannesburg THE African National Congress (ANC) held its first conference on science and technology here two weeks ago, at the University of the Witwatersrand. Described by Mohammed Valli Moosa, head of the ANC's political committee, as "successful far beyond expectations", the conference was ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 566-566 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Please follow these guidelines so that your manuscript may be handled expeditiously. Nature is an international journal covering all the sciences. Contributors should therefore bear in mind those readers for whom English is a second language and those who work in other fields. Please write ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 475-475 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London THE Joint European Submicron Silicon Initiative (JESSI), a $5,000 million collaborative semiconductor research programme set up in 1989 to help the struggling European computer industry to compete with the United States and Japan, is opening its doors to US companies. American ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 477-479 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN the tenth and last chapter of his book The Emperor's New Mind1, the mathematician and theoretical physicist Roger Penrose warns that "we may actually be going badly wrong when we apply the usual physical rules for time when we consider consciousness!". That alarming statement - the adjective is ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 520-523 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We have initiated a programme aimed at determining solar changes over longer periods of time using the hypothesis of stellar equivalence (that all stars of the same age and mass have nearly identical properties with respect to magnetic activity). In the first phase of the programme we have analysed ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 383-383 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Paris AFTER a week of nationwide protest marches and sit-ins, French lycee students have won significant new concessions from the education minister, Lionel Jospin (see Nature 348,271; 22 November 1990). Complaining of dilapidated buildings, shortage of teachers and classroom violence, the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 384-384 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-It is indeed gratifying to read that the nomenclature proposed for the earliest-known reptile is Westlothiana curryi (Nature 346, 399; 1990) and that Wood's name will not be cited in the nomenclature. I and many others deplore the mercenary aspect that is becoming increasingly prevalent ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 533-535 
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    Notes: [Auszug] For these experiments we used powdered San Carlos olivine (Mg088Fe0.i2)2SiO4 (ref. 15) and Bamble enstatite (Mg0.88Fe0 12)SiO3 (ref. 16; l-3 jxm grain size). These materials were compressed with 〈3% weight ruby, of similar grain size, in a Mao-Bell diamond cell (350-|xm culets) using ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 489-490 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE cloning and sequencing of the first voltage-gated chloride channel, reported by Jentsch and colleagues on page 510 of this issue', is notable for several reasons. The electroplax channel of the electric ray (Torpedo) defines a new class of membrane channel proteins; in particular, its sequence ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 550-552 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-l ra)10,11 that blocks the effects of IL-1 in vitro has provided a tool for determining the role of IL-1 in animal models of septic shock. The hypotension and leukopaenia that follow a single intravenous injection of recombinant human ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] During routine culturing of capillary endothelial cells we found a fungal contamination that produced a local gradient of endothelial cell rounding (Fig. 1). Cells that were only a few cell diameters away were normally spread, suggesting that the fungus was specifically inducing cell rounding ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 468-468 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AT least for the time being, most researchers should not take fright that apple-growers in the United States, who have been using 'Alar' to protect their crops against fungal infection, plan to sue the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) over an allegedly damaging report published last year ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 470-470 
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    Notes: [Auszug] San Francisco DEVELOPERS of genetically engineered plants brought their products one tentative but important step closer to the American dinner table last week when Calgene, Inc. asked the US Food and Drug Administration (PDA) for a preliminary opinion on the use of a selectable genetic ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 471-471 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington TECHNICIANS working on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) knew that something was wrong with the shaping of the main mirror, but did not tell their supervisors, a NASA investigative team revealed last week. On at least three occasions, tests showed clear signs of a spherical ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 510-514 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A complementary DNA encoding a voltage-gated chloride channel from Torpedo marmorata electric organ was cloned by expressing hybrid-depleted messenger RNA in Xenopus oocytes. The predicted protein has a sequence of 805 amino acids containing several putative membrane-spanning domains. Expression of ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 474-474 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London, Paris & Munich THE European Space Agency (ESA)'s science programme, one of the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC)'s major worries (see opposite), will be hotly debated at a two-day meeting in Paris next week. Delegates from the 13 member states hope to agree how much ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 475-475 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Sao Paulo BRAZIL intends to more than double the amount it spends on research and development by 1994, the end of President Fernando Collor de Mello's term, Secretary of Science and Technology Jose Goldemberg said last week. At present, just 0-7 per cent of the country's gross national product ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 536-538 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We used the International Seismological Centre (ISC) database and the two-station method3 to search for azimuthal anisotropy beneath the Basin and Range Province. The paths between the station pairs are restricted to this province (Fig. 1). Because the quality of the ISC data is variable at ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 486-487 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FREEZE a collection of interstellar dust into a porous, icy ball, then hurl that ball close to the Sun so that the ices evaporate, liberating the dust. Do the spectra of such interplanetary dust particles streaming away from the comet resemble those of interstellar dust - the hypothesized ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 491-491 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-For a remarkably long time after the publication of Linnaeus's Systema Naturae (1758) only two branches of systematics were generally recognized: zoology and botany. Fungi and even bacteria were traditionally looked after by botanists and studied in botany departments. In due time, primarily ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 562-565 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EDP-PLus M8 is an eight-channel, 250 µl motorized electronic pipette from Rainin designed for use with 96-well plates (Reader Service No. 101). The pipette has ten pipetting speeds and five liquid measurement modes: pipette, multiple dispense, dilute, titrate and measure. In addition, ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 494-494 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Successful vaccination against viruses and bacteria has, it seems, led to the notion that vaccines could also be developed against malaria parasites. But malaria parasites reproduce sexually within the insect host. Sexual reproduction leads to the maintenance of and increase in heterozygosity, ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 497-497 
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    Notes: [Auszug] As the writers of this book on freshwater ecology tell us, its main theme "is to explore the processes that sculpt and develop whole communities and what happens when human activity intervenes." By way of introduction there are elementary accounts of the properties of water, the hydrological cycle ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 400-401 
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    Notes: [Auszug] "HE who sees things grow from the beginning will have the best view of them" (Aristotle). Crystallography has been an international science from the earliest times. The atlas contains some maps of Europe to show where the principal crystallograph-ers worked in the sixteenth to the nineteenth ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 403-407 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A tantalizing correlation (at the 0.97-0.999 level) between reported variations in low-order acoustic solar oscillations over the solar cycle from 1977 to 1988 and the event rate in the 37CI solar-neutrino detector over the same period is demonstrated. Such a correlation could ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 428-429 
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    Notes: [Auszug] WITH the continuing need to identify new ways of synthesizing transportation fuels and hydrocarbon-based chemicals that do not rely on petroleum products, considerable effort is being devoted to the catalytic partial oxidation of natural gas. A number of oxide and other catalysts have been ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] CD4 glycoprotein on the surface of T cells helps in the immune response and is the receptor for HIV infection. The structure of a soluble fragment of CD4 determined at 2.3 Å resolution reveals that the molecule has two intimately associated immunoglobulin-like domains. Residues implicated in ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 435-437 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Mount St Helens dacite dome, which was active from October 1980 to October 1986, provided an excellent opportunity to evaluate the conditions necessary for these different styles of growth. Dome emplacement occurred during more than 15 eruptive pulses, or episodes, lasting from a few days to ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 390-390 
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    Notes: [Auszug] FOLLOWING the positive identification of the skull of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart last year, a group led by P.-F. Puech has used forensic techniques to recreate his face (L'lnformationDentaire22, 2003-2008; 1990). The skull was exhumed in 1801, since when it has been kept in the Mozarteum in Salzburg. ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 394-394 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IT is widely accepted that volatile species in the carbon-oxygen-hydrogen system dominate the fluid-present processes in the upper mantle1. The redox state of the mantle controls the fluid speciation and hence the types of magma produced at depth: both the percentage melting at a given pressure and ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 195-195 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE strength of gravity has changed by less than one part in a million million each year since the beginning of the Universe, according to new calculations by F. S. Accetta, L. M. Krauss and P. Romanelli (Phys. Lett. B248, 146-150; 1990). The key to the calculation is, curiously, the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 195-195 
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    Notes: [Auszug] DONT do it, isthe advice of A. K. Baksi to those who would seek evidence of cyclical events in Earth history. Writing in Geology(18, 983-986; 1990), Baksi discusses various hypotheses proposing that events have recurred with periodicities of around 30 million years (flood-basalt volcanic episodes, ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 196-196 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SCANNING tunnelling microscopes are now almost routine devices that can trace the topography of a surface through the tiny chance that an electron can leap the insulating gap between two closely separated conducting surfaces, one a nanometre-sized microscope stylus, the other the sample. The ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 202-202 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The study of Plio-Pleistocene hominid dentition13 has challenged the notion of a prolonged maturation period throughout human evolution4. New information indicates that some of these conclusions1 are premature and that additional research is needed to clarify the issue. Bromage and Dean1 ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 202-202 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Professor May, in his News and Views article1 on the paper by Daugherty etal.2concerning the taxonomic classification of the tuatara (Sphenodon), says, as an aside on the animal's third eye, "most other vertebrates retain this organ in vestigial form as the pineal gland". Vestigal organs ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 205-205 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN 1959 a vicious murder took place in Holcomb, a small town in Kansas. The novelist Truman Capote became obsessed with this murder; he became so obsessed that he went to live in Holcomb and interviewed everyone he could find who was prepared to comment on the murderers or their victims. Eventually ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 217-221 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Comparisons of three-dimensional maps of vertebrate muscle thin filaments obtained by cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis, reveal the molecular structure of F-actin, the location of the C terminus of the monomer and the positions of the binding sites of tropomyosin, the myosin head and the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 274-274 
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    Notes: [Auszug] London & Boston THE International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has reduced its recommended limits for radiation doses received at work. Long-running studies have shown that the risks to health from radiation exposure are about three times higher than was thought in 1977, when ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 279-279 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-There is no doubt that British universities could and should do more to recover a greater fraction of overheads from external research contracts than the 14 per cent reported by Science and Engineering Policy Studies Unit (SEPSU) (Nature 347, 506; 1990). Something like the old University Grants ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Isla Vista hydrocarbon seep (34á°19' N, 119á°50' W), located offshore from Santa Barbara, differs from the deeper, well studied seeps of the Gulf of Mexico10'11 in its shallow depth (16 m) and nearshore location (0.5 km) and in the absence of vent-type fauna. The ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 227-229 
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    Notes: [Auszug] One of us1 has described the density structure of an oceanic front using data from an eight-leg survey in February 19862 obtained with a towed conductivity-temperature-depth measurement package (SeaSoar). The separation of isopycnals was very variable and there was a tendency for isopycnals in the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 237-239 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The material comes from -18 to 1 Myr old Siwalik Group sediments exposed on the Potwar Plateau near Rawalpindi in Pakistan. Collections have been made there since 1973. Some 40,000 specimens including about 160 hominoids are known from over 800 localities1"7. Age determinations are based ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 270-270 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the largest basic research organization in France, has awarded its 1990 Gold Medal to Professor Marc Julia. Julia is director of the chemistry department of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris and is head of the CNRS 'molecular activation ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 458-461 
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    Notes: [Auszug] An 84-amino-acid peptide including the DNA-binding domain and the putative nuclear localization domain14 of the oestrogen receptor (ERDBD, Fig. la), was expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 expression system15. The soluble fraction was purified to near homogeneity. Native DNA-binding activity ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 267-268 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE Antarctic Treaty keeps accreting members, mostly on the strength of governments' eagerness to carry out research programmes of marginal interest on the margins of Antarctica, where the costs and physical difficulties are relatively small. At the meeting beginning this week at Santiago, the ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Boston IN A bizarre twist to the decades-long battle over the nuclear plant at Shoreham, New Hampshire, US Department of Energy (DoE) officials are now claiming that the situation in the Middle East may bring the plant back into operation. The fate of the plant appeared sealed in July 1989 ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 271-271 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Boston STUDENTS at Texas public elementary and high schools will now use biology textbooks that teach the theory of evolution unimpeded by creationist views, thanks to a recent vote by the state's Board of Education. The board's approval of new texts for grades 1-12 will determine the choice of ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 312-314 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] An observational programme was initiated using a low-dispersion high-sensitivity imaging spectrograph8 to search for emissions from ionic and neutral species at the great distances from Jupiter that would be appropriate for imaging magneto-spheric structures. Our observations were made at the ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 273-273 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AFTER a summer of US Department of Energy (DoE) press conferences designed to detail every step of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) project's redesign, DoE deputy secretary Henson Moore finally let the bad news slip out last week at a poorly attended signing ceremony in Texas. ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 118-119 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Although the cause of essential hypertension is unknown, our present knowledge suggests that sympathetic nerves have a key role in the development and/or maintenance of hypertension. The most compelling evidence for this has come from studies on the spontaneously hypertensive rat, an animal ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 120-120 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Keymer, May and Harvey drew attention in News and Views' to a paper by Tibayrenc and colleagues2 who claimed that infections of most human parasitic protozoa are 'clonal', that is, derived from the reproduction of a few highly successful genotypes. This idea of clonality, with its implication ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 291-291 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Greene's study1 of colonial ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in Nova Scotia is one of six that strongly supports the 'information centre' hypothesis2. Greene suggested that members of a colony of these birds obtained information on the location of ephemeral schools of fish from other members. ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 298-302 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Meteoritic silicon carbide grains, formed in the winds from carbon stars, contain noble gases and other species whose elemental and isotopic abundances are a probe of stellar nucleosynthesis. Theoretical models of carbon stars can explain a variety of measured abundances, in particular the range of ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 280-280 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-I was pleased that Nature (347, 221; 1990) highlighted the fact that confidentiality, in particular matters of life and health insurance, will complicate attempts to sequence the human genome in ways that should be faced. What the report did not address was a much more fundamental and equally ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 284-285 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ASSAYS in vitro that provide quantitative values for the velocity of movement of molecular motor molecules along either actin filaments or microtubules are now in common use. In this issue, reports by Block et al.1 (page 348) and Ashkin et al.2 (page 346) underscore the rapid increase in ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 322-325 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Thermodynamic models of trace-element speciation4'5 predict that the neutral species, TiO(OH)2, should be the dominant form of dissolved titanium in sea water. This species is expected to be particle reactive6'7, resulting in a short oceanic residence time. Titanium is therefore potentially ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 289-290 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] STAR formation is a complex process in which giant interstellar clouds containing millions of solar masses of gaseous hydrogen collapse under gravity to form individual stars. The physical processes involved are complex and remain poorly understood. Recent measurements at radio wavelengths by Farad ...
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    Nature 348 (1990), S. 5-5 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington ALTHOUGH it is not the sort of thing they always like to talk about, oil and gas companies spend millions on environmental measurements each year, collecting satellite, atmospheric, geological, and oceanographic data that could prove invaluable to climate change researchers. ...
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