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  • Artikel  (36)
  • Gas chromatography  (36)
  • Springer  (36)
  • 1985-1989  (36)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1987  (36)
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  • Artikel  (36)
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  • 1985-1989  (36)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monoterpene hydrocarbon contents of the resin from seeds of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) (1987)
    Springer
    Trees 1 (1987), S. 94-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Schlagwort(e): Monoterpenes ; Abies alba Mill ; Resin ; Seeds ; Gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Using gas-chromatographic methods, the variability of the contents of monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ3carene and limonene) in the resin of silver fir seeds (Abies alba Mill.) was studied. Resin cavities were characterized according to their position on the seed surface. It was estabilished that the terpene content of the resin of cavities localized on the abaxialadaxial surfaces of the seed differs significantly, creating a gradient of resin composition around the circumference of the seed. The differences between various resin cavities of single seeds were greater than the differences between different seeds of a single cone and between seeds of various cones on a single tree. An accurate definition of the resin cavity location on the seeds appears to be a fundamental condition for the collection of a sample representing the resin composition of individual trees. Resin biosynthesis in the course of organogenesis and the control of terpene contents in the resin of various locations on the seed and the cone are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203577
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selective sampling and capillary gas chromatography in the analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 818-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Selective sampling ; On-line fractionation ; Essential oil analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The paper describes the possibilities of on-line selective sampling as an on-line fraction technique for the analysis of essential oils. Selective sampling is a micro-separation method, on-line with on-column injection, carried out directly in the syringe body by means of a selective elution of the sample through a fraction cartridge. The paper reports a method of both preparing and standardizing silica gel cartridges, and illustrates through some examples the results of some elution series of solvents on different essential oils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311406
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Advances in the determination of volatile organic solvents and other organic pollutants by gas chromatography with thermal desorption sampling and injection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 856-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Organic pollutants determination ; Gas chromatography ; Thermal desorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The problem of the separation of 34 volatile organic chlorinated compounds is solved by using three different GC columns selected according to the needs of the particular separation required. The effect of water vapor contained as moisture in the trapped air on the retention of some characteristic compounds is studied. The influence of dead volumes on trap injection is also studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311413
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of retention indices in temperature-programmed gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 888-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Calculation of temperature programmed ; Retention indices
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A new method is presented for the calculation of the retention indices under linear temperature programming with or without an initial isothermal period. The data calculated by the method are in good agreement with the isothermal retention indices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261466
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C22 fatty acids and C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 925-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-propyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The n-propyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, trimellitic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. At mode ratios of [H2O]/[n-PrOH]≤0.03 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4anh.]/[H2O]=0.51–1.52 and of [H2SO4]/[Na2SO4anh.]=0.43–1.28, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261472
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New stationary phase polarity parameters considering the electric intermolecular interactions in gas chromatographic column (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Structure-retention relationships ; Polarity parameters ; Retention index
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The possibility of evaluation of the parameters representing the dispersive solute-solvent interactions is presented. BN and Bs values can be used to describe the liquid phase polarity and to predict the retention indices of alcohols when the model polyxyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and their sulphur analogs are used as stationary phases. The possibility of the first ionization potentials estimation is also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311479
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography using porous polymers coated with different stationary phases (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 481-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Prediction of retention volume ; Porous polymers coated with liquid phases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A new expression which permits the prediction of the net retention volumes in gas chromatography with column packings of coated porous polymers is reported. The porous polymers Chromosorb 101 and Chromosorb 102 were used as supports and squalane, Ethofat and Carbowax 20M as stationary phases at three different column temperatures of 80°C, 100°C and 150°C. Several organic compounds of various polarity were used as test compounds and the net retention volumes, VNtheor, have been calculated according to this new expression. The VNtheor values were compared with the experimental net retention volumes, VNexp, and it was found that the difference between these two values is dependent on the type of compound and column packing. Nevertheless, the elution order could be predicted in most cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309415
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new type of two-dimensional packed+capillary column GC system. III. Instrumentation (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Precolumn construction, oven and connector
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The constractional details of precolumns, its oven and connector have been given with two types of multiflow control modules. Two types of phases made in China, a silanized pellicular beads and a non silanized pellicular silica beads, with an optimum particle size of 20μm to 30μm were packed in the precolumn 20mm in length with the column efficiency of 4620 plates/meter at column temperature of 49°C. A 25m×0.22mm i.d. capillary column coated with bonded methylsilicone phase from Chrompack connected with the precolumn (250°C) has an efficiency of 5376 plates/meter for n-octane. But it decreased to 3149 plates/meter by decreasing the precolumn temperature to 130°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309418
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of some properties of immobilized polyethylene glycol type stationary phases modified with an acid (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 553-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Immobilized Carbowax-type stationary phases ; Free fatty acids analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Capillary columns coated with acid-modified poly-(ethylene glycol)-type immobilized stationary phases have been studied. The thermostability and chromatographic behaviour of the columns and the stability of the coated films after washing with different solvents were investigated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324862
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of solvents of abuse using gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry after headspace sampling (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 626-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Fourier transform IR detection ; Headspace sampling ; Solvents of abuse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary After experimental intoxication of rats, gas chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectrometry with headspace sampling (HS/GC/FT-IR) was used to identify solvents of abuse in biological material (blood, liver, lungs and brain). Limits of detection were measured for acetone, 2-butanone, ether, toluene and trichlorethylene with standard solutions. All the solvents have been identified in the organs of the intoxicated rats. For blood samples a salting-out effect was obtained with potassium carbonate. HS/GC/FT-IR allowed the identification of metabolites of acetone (isopropanol) and of 2-butanone (2-butanol) in blood and organs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311489
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The chromatographic behaviour of cycloolefins on stationary phases of different polarity. Prediction of their retention indices and boiling points (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 33-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Physico-chemical properties ; Retention indices ; Cycloolefins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The retention indices of mono and polycycloolefins with endo or exo double bonds, on squalane or polypropylenglycol 425 are related to their physico-chemical properties such as boiling point, molar volume, molar refraction, and refractive index. Equations have been empirically obtained, from which accurate retention indices of these compounds can be predicted. Unknown boiling points of some of these compounds can also be calculated from their lineal relation with the retention index on squalane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310415
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of solute polarity on the performance of porapak type porous polymers (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 839-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Stationary phases ; Porous polymer beads ; Polarity ; Adsorbents ; Breakthrough volume
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The breakthrough volume of ådsorbent traps made with porous polymer beads Porapak N, P. Q, R, S was evaluated by analysis of polarity reference substances proposed by Rohrschneider (ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, nitrometane, benzene, pyridine) by McReynolds (butanol, methyl propyl ketone) and of the first term of some homologous series: alcohols, aldehides, carboxilic acids, nitrocompounds, iodoalkanes and nitriles. Adjusted retention times of the compounds were measured at 200°C and correlated with the physical properties and with polarity class according to Ewell. Trapping efficiency of the various Porapak types was evaluated and the theoretical breakthrough volumes at 25°C was calculated for the used test substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311410
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selectivity optimization for the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial cellular fatty acids (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 850-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Bacterial cellular fatty acids ; Stationary phase selectivity ; Solid phase preseparation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The importance of selectivity in the capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the cellular fatty acids of micro-organisms is underestimated. The analysis on apolar silicone phases can lead to erratic elucidation of the fatty acid structure. Qualitative errors have been detected in commercially available standards on which computer matching identification techniques are based. Using highly polar capillary columns of the cyanopropyl silicone type, the errors could be elucidated. The exact identification of the hydrolysis products of bacteria is a must for chemotaxonomic studies applying chromatographic techniques. The fatty acid methyl ester profiles can also contain other chemical components which are very important taxonomic markers. Fatty aldehydes, for example, are main components in someClostridium species. Fractionation techniques are described for selective enrichment of fatty aldehydes and hydroxy fatty acids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311412
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of thermodynamic equilibria by chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 215-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Thermodynamic equilibria ; Solution and adsorption thermodynamics ; Gas adsorption isotherms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary After a brief recall of the chromatographic principles, the different applications of gas chromatographic measurements of thermodynamic equilibria were reviewed. Gas and liquid chromatographies are now well known and elegant methods for measuring the physicochemical properties and phase equilibrium thermodynamic constants. Although fundamentally a dynamical method and mostly known as a powerful separation technique, chromatography can be schematized by a sucession of equilbria of a chemical species partitioning between a mobile phase and a fixed liquid or solid stationary phase. It can be operated in either infinite dilution or finite concentration conditions and permits to collect a large number of data for calculating molecular interactions for solutes which are either rare or available at the trace level. Gas chromatography permits the measurement of gas adsorption isotherm, gas-liquid equilibria, molecular diffusion and interaction virials. The modelization of successive partition equuilibria occuring in the chromatographic column leads to rather simple expression of differential enthalpy, entropy, free energy of adsorption or solution, variation of heat capacity, complexation constant, second virial coefficients, gas-solid and gasliquid isotherm and also binary or ternary equilibria. The possibilities of High Performance-Liquid Chromatography to investigate adsorption from solutions and chemical equilibria are also discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311484
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Trace analysis of volatile polar organics by direct aqueous injection gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Aqueous samples ; Direct injection ; Traces of ketones and halogenated hydrocarbons ; Environmental analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Procedures for the quantitative analysis of industrial effluents which involve concentration by solvent extraction or the purge-and-trap method are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to error. Direct aqueous injection gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector for the analysis of volatile halocarbons at the ppb level is in routine use in many laboratories. We now discuss the development of a similar protocol for the analysis of volatile polar organics such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and tretrahydrofuran using a flame-ionization detector.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311779
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic method for detection of barbital and pentobarbital in blood using flash-heater methylation and nitrogen-specific detection (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 269-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen-specific detector ; Flash methylation ; Barbital and pentobarbital ; Blood analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A sensitive and simplified method is described for the determination of barbital (B) and pentobarbital (PB) in blood using gas chromatography with a nitrogen-specific flame ionization detector. After a simple one-step extraction, B and PB were reconstituted in trimethylanilinium hydroxide and introduced directly into the gas chromatograph. Lower limits of detection was 0.14 μg/ml for B and PB in either water or blood solutions. The recoveries for B from water and blood were 90 and 88%, respectively; for PB they were essentially complete. The average between-run and within-run coefficients of variation for B from water and blood were lower than 7.8%, whereas those of PB were lower than 3.0%. The scale and sensitivity of detection for B and PB were found to be suitable for use in pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311778
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GC investigation of olefins with chemically bonded gamma-mercaptopropylsilane-copper(II) complexes (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 423-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Complexation ; Mercaptosilane chemically bonded phase ; Transition metal complexes ; Olefinic π-complexes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A column packing containing thiol groups chemically bonded to the silica surface was synthesized. The thiol functional groups were used as ligands capable of forming stable complexes with Cu(II). The prepared material was characterized by gas chromatography using unsaturated linear and branched hydrocarbons as well as cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The occurrence of specific metal—olefin interactions resulting from the formation of π-complexes during the chromatographic process was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311818
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of backflushing and peak-cutting technique in gas chromatographic trace analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Backflushing, peak-cutting technique ; Trace analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A backflusing, peak-cutting method was developed for the analysis of trace components present in the tail of a major component peak. Using a helium-ionization detector, the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) was: oxygen in hydrogen, 0.5ppm; nitrogen in oxygen or argon, 1ppm; and methane and carbon monoxide in nitrogen, 1ppm. The corresponding MDC values for the conventional single-column method were 7.2ppm, 8.3ppm, and 14 and 5ppm, respectively. Equations used to predict the retention time are given. The accuracy of the predicted retention time is about two percent compared to experimental results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324865
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calculation of the thermondynamic values of alkylthiazoles from the Kovats retention indices on the basis of the non-linear additivity principle (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 595-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Alkylthiazoles ; Energy contributions of the alkyl groups ; Retention indices
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Retention indices and their energy equivalents were determined for ten alkylthiazoles analysed on the stationary phases Apiezon L, Triton X-305 and Carbowax 1000. It was found that the energy contributions of identical alkyl groups to the partial molar free energy of sorption of a molecule are not equivalent. Smaller energy contribututions are due to the α-position of alkyl groups with respect to the heteroatoms in the thiazole ring (α-effect). This effect was most pronounced for 2-alkylthiazoles. Higher sorption energies were found for dimethylthiazoles with two methylgroups in a vicinal position. The retention indices were predicted for ten other di- and tri-substituted methyl, ethyl and propyl thiazoles on the basis of the so-called α- and ortho-effects. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimentally determined values.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324871
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification of the components of aldoses in a tautomeric equilibrium mixture as their trimethylsilyl ethers by capillary gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Carbohydrate TMS-ethers ; Tautomeric equilibrium mixtures of aldoses ; MS and NMR identification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Equilibrium tautomers of aldopentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose and lyxose) and aldohexones (allose, altrose, gulose, idose and talose) have been analyzed as their trimethyl-silyl ethers by capillary GC. Pentoses were separated on SE-54 and hexoses on OV-225. The four components of the tautomer equilibrium mixture have been identified using GC/MS and NMR data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310417
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How to count strong adsorption sites by gas chromatography? (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Adsorbents for gas chromatography ; Strong adsorption sites ; Heterogeneity of silica surface
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A simple gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of the quantity of the strongest adsorption sites on an adsorbent's surface. The method consists of the blockage of the sites with quasi-irreversibly adsorbed, known amount of a strongly interacting compound and subsequent measuring of the retention of a hydrocarbon during the presence of the blocking compound in the column. Heterogeneity of chromatographic grade silicas is investigated with this method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312663
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-propyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 760-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Propyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of different amounts of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic, malic and citric acids in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.15 can be utilized for the determination of these acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.03. For mole ratios above 0.03 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.24–2.13 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–1.28 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312669
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Determination of the concentration of silanol groups by a chemical reaction with methyllithium and GC measurements of evolved methane (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Column liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Bonded silica ; Residual silanol groups
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Silanol groups of chromatographic material surfaces were determined by chemical reaction with methyl-lithium. Evolved methane was measured by a gas chromatographic method using a column packed with molecular sieves. This chromatographic technique leads to very reproducible results, particularly for the control of the hydroxylation of a silica gel and for the analysis of residual groups at the surface of bonded silica.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312671
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Capillary columns in series for the gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 790-795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns in series ; Variable polarity columns ; Essential oils analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary By connecting capillary columns of different polarity in series and by changing the temperature program gradient, a system of variable polarity is obtained. The working conditions can be adjusted to optimize separations of complex mixtures. Application to the analysis of essential oils of: lavender, thyme, lemon petit grain, bergamot, and tangerine, are reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311401
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipids of contemporary stillingia oil (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 240-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Stillingia oil ; Quantitative lipid analysis ; Chinese tallow,Sapium sebiferum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Contemporary stillingia oil from China is qualitatively similar to the oil described earlier, but it exhibits significant quantitative differences reflecting a degree of autoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acids either before or after crushing of the seeds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311771
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of interactions between chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes and chemically bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Chemically bonded phases ; Specific interactions ; Chloroderivatives of alkanes and alkenes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Interactions of Cu(II) complexes chemically bonded to the surface of silica with chloro-derivatives of alkanes and alkenes were investigated. It was found that chlorine as a substituent exerts a considerable influence on the retention of the individual chloro-derivatives. In the case of chloroalkenes this influence is negative while in the case of chloroalkanes it is positive. The magnitude of the observed effect depends on the number of substituents and on the way of their distribution within the molecule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311776
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A polar macroporous sorbent for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 286-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Macroporous copolymers of 2-hydroxyethyl ; methacrylate ; Graft polymers ; Polar sorbent for gas chromatography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The gas chromatographic behaviour of crosslinked macroporous 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted with 2-methyloxazoline was investigated and the range of applicability of the copolymer was assessed. Retention index values were measured on this copolymer and compared with those obtained on the terpolymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate-acrylonitrile. Rohrschneider constants and efficiency data for selected sorbates are given. The use of this type of polymer in the separation of various types of compounds is documented by various examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311781
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic retention indices for C6 alkanols on OV-101 and Carbowax 20M capillary columns (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Retention indices ; C6 alkanols ; OV-101 ; Carbowax 20M
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Gas chromatographic retention indices for 16 C6 alkanols measured on capillary columns coated with OV-101 methylsilicone and Carbowax 20M propylethyleneglycol liquid phases at 80° and 90°C were determined. The respective standard deviation values were 0.5 and 0.8 i.u. The correlation between the retention indices measured on non-polar and polar stationary phases and the boiling points of the alkanols was studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310419
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen by gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 53-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Dual-column system ; Thermal conductivity detector ; Anesthetic gas mixtures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A simple dual-column system with a thermal conductivity detector is described, that can be used for the quantitative analysis of anesthetic gas mixtures of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), nitrous oxide and oxygen. The separation was performed on a Carbopack (SP 1000) column and a Porapak Q column arranged in series across the detector.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310420
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatographic determination of lactulose (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography ; Analysis of lactulose in carbohydrate mixtures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Lactulose is a disaccharide with important implications in medicine, nutrition and dairy technology. It has to be determined usually as a minor component in complex matrices containing many other sugars. This paper describes the different chromatographic techniques (planar, liquid and gas chromatography) which have been proposed for the separation and quantification of lactulose in mixtures with other carbohydrates; the advantages of each technique are compared and some features where more research is necessary are outlined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312889
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immobilization of silicone stationary phases on supports using ozone (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 169-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Packed column ; Immobilized silicone stationary phases ; Ozonization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Immobilization of silicone stationary phases, OV-1701 vinyl and OV-225 vinyl, on Chromosorb W-AW support was achieved in a simple procedure using ozone as an initiator. A column efficiency of 2400 theoretical plates/meter was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311474
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The allyl bonded stationary phase. II. Conversions to new phases for gas chromatography (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Allyl bonded phases ; Addition Reactions ; Synthesis of new bonded phases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The presence of the double bond on the allyl moiety has been utilized as a site for addition reactions which could produce new stationary phases. Bromination and hydrobromination reactions have been employed to prove the feasibility of making modifications to the allyl bonded phase. Both retention volumes and thermodynamic parameters for the solutes studied change upon conversion to one of the brominated phases. Sample size studies are consistent with a bonded phase adsorption mechanism. FTIR spectra also confirm the modifications which have occurred on the allyl bonded material.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310409
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gas chromatographic analysis of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as n-propyl esters (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 265-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis ; n-Propyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Esterification in aqueous solution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-propanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.03 and 2.21 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-propanol mole ratios below 0.45. For mole ratios above 0.45 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range tested was 0.12–0.99 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.16–2.55 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311777
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. I. Theory (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Column efficiency utilization ratio ; New packed precolumn
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary To match the need of high efficiency capillary column (plate number N2, Plate height H2 and carrier gas linear velocity U2), a new high efficiency packed column (N1, H1 and U1) at high carrier gas velocity with small capacity factor has been developed in the light of theoretical discussion of factors effecting the column efficiency utilization ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309416
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A new type of two-dimensional packed + capillary column GC system. II. System and applications (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 492-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; Packed+capillary GC switching system ; Accurate system quantitation ; Analysis of complex samples or dilute solution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary A packed column containing immobilized SE-54 liquid phase on pellicular silica beads ZIPAX and having a high efficiency and high mass transfer rate has been successfully used in a two-dimensional packed+capillary column system without a cold trap. The application of this system is demonstrated by the analysis of C6-C8 aromatic hydrocarbons and lowboiling hydrocarbons present in natural oils, and of highboiling components present in low concentrations in a low-boiling solvent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02309417
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the metal-catalyzed decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters by GC/FT-IR (1987)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 23 (1987), S. 547-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Schlagwort(e): Gas chromatography ; FT-IR detection ; γ- and δ-Haloesters
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary The decomposition of γ- and δ-haloesters has previously been observed to take place within a commercial GC/FT-IR light-pipe system. Using a home-built light-pipe interface, an analysis of this same class of compounds was conducted from which the source of the decomposition was determined to be a brass fitting central to the commercial system's assembly. It is proposed that the reaction is due to a weakening of the carbon-halogen bond by metal interaction thereby allowing lactonization to occur.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02324861
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