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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (6,888)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (1,258)
  • 1975-1979  (8,146)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1976  (8,146)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
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  • 1975-1979  (8,146)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model drawing programs:production of diperiodic patterns (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 57-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010534
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    Crystallographers (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 58-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010558
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
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    Données cristallographiques sur le trimétaphosphate de plomb trihydraté Pb3(P3O9)2.3H2O (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 184-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The chemical preparation of Pb3(P3O9)2.3H2O is described and crystal data are given. Lead trimetaphosphate trihydrate is tetragonal with a = b = 11.957, c = 12.270 Å. The space group is P41212 or P43212.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010868
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stereographic net for measuring direction cosines (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Stereographic X-ray reflection topography of dislocations in zinc (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 34-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray reflection topographs were taken of a zinc surface oriented about 1° from a basal plane. Basal dislocations are revealed in the topographs, and their apparent depth was determined using stereo pairs of topographs. The apparent depths observed in a complimentary pair of topographs using 10\bar 13 and \bar 1013 reflections were significantly greater than those observed in an asymmetric pair of topographs in which the same 10\bar 13 reflection was used. This difference is attributed to shifts of the image with respect to the dislocation position. Quantitative estimates of the image shifts and the actual depths of the observed dislocations are obtained from the measurement of apparent depths. Dislocations are visible over the range of depths from 1.7 to 4.5 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010443
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Absolute sign of piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients and spontaneous polarization temperature dependence in α-Cu(IO3)2, Nd(IO3)3.H2O and LiIO3 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The absolute polarity of single crystals of α-Cu(IO3)2 and Nd(IO3)3.H2O, determined by anomalous X-ray scattering techniques, has been related to the sense of the piezoelectric d22 and pyroelectric p2 coefficients in these monoclinic crystals. The absolute sense of d22 in both cases is predictable from a consideration of the behavior of the spontaneous polarization Ps under stress. Ps was calculated on the basis of a simple point-charge and dipole model. The positive sense of p2 in α-Cu(IO3)2 and Nd(IO3)3.H2O (each with magnitudes of about 2 x 10−5Cm−2deg−1: the secondary pyroelectric coefficients are probably nearly an order of magnitude smaller) allows the inference that |Ps| increases with increasing temperature. The absolute sense of d33 in hexagonal LiIO3, determined by Morosin [Private communication (1972) quoted as Ref. 25 of Bergman, J. G. & Crane, G. R. (1974). J. Chem. Phys. 60, 2470–2474] is similarly predictable from the calculated Ps. Turner's [J. Appl. Cryst. (1976). 9, 52] measurement of p3 in LiIO3 combined with Ps also leads to the inference of increasing |Ps| with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010467
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  • 7
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    Crystal data for the complexes of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and benzyldiphenylphosphine oxide (BDPPO) with cobalt (II) thiocyanate (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 52-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal data for TPPO and BDPPO complexes with cobalt (II) thiocyanate, space group R32 (a = 17.50±0.06 Å, b = 30.99±0.08 Å) and Pbcn (a = 10.10±0.01 Å; b = 20.22±0.03 Å; c= 18.94±0.01 Å), respectively, suggest C2 as the only compatible symmetry for both complexes. Optical, morphological and X-ray powder data are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010492
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Cyanoacrylate: a useful cement for mounting crystals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010546
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Metals, ceramics and polymers by O. H. Wyatt and D. Dew-Hughes (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 59-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010595
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  • 10
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    Quantitative scanning electron microscopy edited by D. B. Holt, M. D. Muir, P. R. Grant and I. M. Boswarva (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010625
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  • 11
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    Crystal growth by B. R. Pamplin (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 61-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010637
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Digital processing of fibre diffraction patterns (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 81-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A procedure is described for the digital processing of fibre diffraction patterns to yield a quasi-continuous map representing a central section through the cylindrically averaged intensity transform of the specimen. No assumptions are required about the nature of the specimen other than that it has fibre-type symmetry. The specimen intensity transform can be used to obtain integrated intensities for discrete reflections from microcrystalline fibres that are potentially as accurate as those obtained from crystals. Improved procedures for extracting structure amplitudes from specimens with continuous layer lines are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010674
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Computer programs for radial distribution analyses of X-ray and electron diffraction data (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 253-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A set of Fortran programs for radial distribution function analyses of X-ray and electron diffraction data of liquid and amorphous samples is available. The programs relate, first, to the formation of a reduced intensity function, F(K) ≡ (I − 〈f2〉)/〈f〉2, where I is the coherent scattered intensity in electron units, K is 4π sin &thgr;/λ, and 〈f〉 is the average of the scattering factors. The experimental radial distribution function G(r) = 4πr[ρ(r)−ρ0], is derived as the Fourier sine integral of F(K).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011163
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Reliability in automated flatbed microdensitometers (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 257-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011199
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  • 15
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    Topics in applied physics, Vol. 5. Mössbauer spectroscopy edited by U. Gonser (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 259-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011242
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Extension of the FIGATOM program to the automatic plotting of layers in close-packed structures: erratum (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 181-182 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A correct version of Fig. 1 of Langlet [J. Appl. Cryst. (1975). 8, 515–519] is given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876010844
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Manipulator for Gandolfi-attachment X-ray spindles (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 185-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987601087X
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Problems in the simulation of dark-field images in X-ray topography and electron microscopy (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 355-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The simulation of an image gives the values of the intensity on the exit surface of the crystal; difficulties arise in the representation because the corresponding luminance is not known. This explains the difference between the densitometric responses of the real and the simulated photographs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011497
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    Crystal data for two new lanthanide acid iodates: Pr(IO3)3.HIO3 and 3La(IO3)3.JIO3.7H2O (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Method of growth and chemical characterization of single crystals of Pr(IO3)3. HIO3 and 3La(IO3)3. HIO3.7H2O are given together with the powder data. Pr(IO3)3.HIO3 is monoclinic, a = 14.237±0.006, b = 7.578± 0.003, c = 10.616±0.005 Å, β = 110.48±0.04° at 298 K with space group P21/a and four formulas perunit cell. 3La(IO3)3.HIO3.7H2O is orthorhombic, a = 13.18008±0.00010, b = 21.72076±0.00010, c = 12.15514±0.00018 Å at 298 K with space group Aba2 and four formulas per unit cell. The hydrated La acid salt generates second harmonics: the pyroelectric coefficient p3 = 2.1 x 10−5 Cm−2 deg−1. Mo K radiation produces a bright orange coloration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011515
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Constantes cristallographiques de CuSe2O5, CuSeO3 et Cu2SeO4 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 364-366 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal data of three compounds in the system SeO2–CuO have been determined from X-ray single-crystal and powder studies. CuSe2O5 is monoclinic, space group Cc or C2/c, with a = 12.254 (5), b = 4.858 (3), c = 7.960 (3) Å, β = 110.7 (1)°, Z = 4. CuSeO3 is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 7.718 (2), b = 8.266 (3), c = 10.529 (3), β = 127.2 (2)°, Z = 8. Cu2SeO4 is cubic, space group P213 or P4232, with a = 8.928 (3) Å, Z = 8. Powder diffraction data are given for all three compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011540
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  • 21
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    Données cristallographiques sur deux phosphates de scandium: Sc(PO3)3 et Sc4(P4O12)3 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 368-369 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The chemical preparation and crystal data for two scandium phosphates are reported. (a) Scandium tetrametaphosphate, Sc4(P4O12)3, is cubic with a = 14.363 (5) Å, and Z = 4. It is isotypic with Al4(P4O12)3. (b) Scandium polyphosphate, Sc(PO3)3, is monoclinic with a = 10.84 (1), b = 19.58 (2), c = 9.694 (5) Å, β = 97.92 (5)° and Z = 12. It is isotypic with the C form of Al(PO3)3.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011564
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  • 22
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    The development of X-ray analysis by W. L. Bragg (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 260-260 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011266
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  • 23
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    Indexing crystal faces on SEM photographs (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 291-295 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Given a photograph of small crystals, it is often desirable to determine the face indices. This paper describes a straightforward iterative method, incorporated in a computer program, by which the azimuth and polar coordinates of the optical axis of the photographic camera are computed from: the lattice parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ; the assumed indices of the three faces intersecting at a point; and the angles between the zone axes to which the faces belong, as measured in projection on the photograph. This optical axis is required to satisfy two conditions: it should be consistent with the assumed indices, and it should be constant with respect to intersection points throughout the photograph. Using these conditions as a criterion, one can eliminate the uncertainty in the assignment of face indices.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011382
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  • 24
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    Twinning in Ti4O7 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 391-393 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Twinning has been studied in Ti4O7 crystals. It has been found that they are twinned by reticular pseudomerohedry. The sublattice controlling the twinning has an orthorhombic pseudosymmetry and is obtained from the triclinic cell (a = 5.593, b = 7.125, c = 12.456 Å, α = 95.02, β = 95.21, γ = 108.83°) by means of the transformation (a/b/c)* (½½½/½02/½2\bar 2) (a/b/c)* triclinic. The effect of the twinning on the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra is also reported.
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  • 25
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    Crystal data for lanthanide orthophosphates (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 413-414 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Monoclinic unit-cell parameters for LnPO4 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) have been redetermined from Guinier photographs, and are plotted against effective ionic radii of the lanthanides. Full powder-diffraction data are given for LaPO4 and GdPO4.
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  • 26
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    Crystallographers (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 417-417 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011783
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  • 27
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    A simple and rapid coordinate measurement system for large-molecule oscillation photographs (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 416-417 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011771
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  • 28
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    Optimization of powder-diffraction identification (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 429-432 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model for X-ray powder-diffraction phase analysis is formulated and, based on this model, new identification criteria are established and the conditions under which a solution is optimal are discussed. The proposed concept is illustrated with a three-phase sample problem.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011862
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  • 29
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    Harmoniques sphériques Généralisées, coefficients de Fourier des polynômes de Legendre associés généralisés: exemple d'un programme Fortran (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 441-443 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A computer program for numerical calculation has been written in Fortran which enables Fourier coefficients of associated generalized Legendre polynomials to be obtained in the general case. Thus the generalized spherical harmonics, involved in the quantitative analysis of the distribution function of the orientations of a texture, can be calculated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011886
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  • 30
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    Application du lissage des raies de diffraction des rayons X à la séparation du doublet Kα1Kα2 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 460-465 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It may be very useful to know a mathematical expression which helps reconstruct the X-ray diffraction profile. It is in fact easier to work on one relation I(&thgr;) = f(&thgr;) rather than on a series of experimental points. The relation proposed in this paper, I(x) = A \big[cos\pi{(x-x_o-\delta)\over a}\big]^{n} {K^2 \over K^2 + (x-x_{0})^2},gives a good correspondence between experimental values and the values calculated in the case of a monochromatic source. Its use still remains very simple in the case of a doublet, Kα1 Kα2, which can be expressed as follows: I(x) = I_{K\alpha_{1}}(x) + \textstyle{1\over2} I_{K\alpha_{1}}(x - \Delta). IKα1(x) is given by the previous expression, Δ represents the angular separation of the doublet. Different forms of profiles are used in order to verify the validity of the relation proposed and the results are compared with those resulting from the Rachinger classical method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011928
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  • 31
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    Structural mechanics from nonlinear optics – the α to β phase transition in quartz (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 476-480 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Second harmonic generation SHG may be used as an experimental technique in structural crystallography. By applying a bond polarizability model to the nonlinear optical coefficients of quartz, the rotation of the SiO4 tetrahedron with temperature is `observed'. Additionally, the oxygen positional parameter x in β quartz is obtained in excellent agreement with previously published X-ray results.
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    The reduced cell: its use in the identification of crystalline materials (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 491-498 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A rapid-identification file for crystalline materials is being prepared from the Crystal Data file. In this new file, each cell is represented in its reduced form, which is unique, primitive, and based on the three shortest noncoplanar vectors of the lattice. Unknown materials can be rapidly matched with the same or related crystals in the file. To identify an unknown crystalline material, a primitive cell is first determined experimentally, then it is reduced and checked against the file for a match. Even if the cell of the unknown lattice is not primitive, identification is still possible by calculating appropriate derivative lattices, reducing them, and then checking the file.
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    The use of structure factors in the refinement of unit-cell parameters from powder diffraction data (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 373-374 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is described for the least-squares refinement of lattice constants from powder diffraction data. This method differs from the other analogous methods mainly because it takes into account, for the indexing of the observed peaks, also the structure factors of the reflexions hkl. The refinement is carried out on the weighted observed peaks where the weight wO depends on (1) an individual standard error which takes into account the peculiarities of the peak, and (2) a parabolic function of the &thgr;O value. The description of a computer program based on this method is given.
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    A comparison between the structures of amorphous and liquid Ag–Cu and Cu–Mg alloys (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 159-168 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Amorphous films of AgCu and CuMg2, approximately 3000 Å in thickness, were prepared by co-evaporation of Ag and Cu, and Cu and Mg, respectively, onto 25 μm thick Be sheets, held at liquid nitrogen temperature. Mo Kα X-rays were used as a radiation probe to determine the structure of the films, at room temperature, and of the liquid alloys of Cu with 50 at.% Ag and with 0 and 67 at.% Mg at 50°C above the liquidus temperature. With the transmission technique, the interference functions (or structure factors) I(K) were determined in the range of K = 4π sin &thgr;/λ between 0.8 Å−1 and 12.5 Å−1, and then Fourier transformed to obtain the radial distribution functions (RDF). The I(K) and RDF of the amorphous AgCu and CuMg2 films were compared with those of the liquid Ag–Cu and Cu–Mg alloys, respectively. It was found that the structures of the amorphous and liquid Ag–Cu alloys were similar with a more well defined short-range order occurring in the solid alloys, whose I(K) exhibited the well known shoulder on the second peak. The I(K) and RDF of the amorphous CuMg2 and the liquid Cu–Mg alloys cannot be explained by a common structure, although I(K) showed a small premaximum below the first main peak in both the amorphous and liquid alloys, a feature observed in many liquid Mg alloys.
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    Topographic observation of micro defects (e.g. `swirls') in nearly perfect crystals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 178-180 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A double-diffractometric method for X-ray topography revealing the smallest crystal defects in as-grown silicon by a relatively low display is described.
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    Crystallographers (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 185-185 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Anomalous Scattering Errata (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 186-186 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    A fast search–match program for powder diffraction analysis (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 199-204 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Four major improvements have been made in the ZRD–SEARCH–MATCH program [Frevel (1965), Anal. Chem. 37, 471–482]; namely, (1) restriction of the file of standards to the 298 most frequently encountered phases, (2) utilization of a single index file based on the most intense reflection, (3) incorporation of a novel search function, and (4) revision of the quantitative matching of powder patterns.
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    On the determination of unit-cell dimensions from inaccurate powder diffraction data (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 216-219 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An upper limit for the volume of unit cells which can be verified by the de Wolff figure of merit [Wolff, P. M. de, J. Appl.Cryst. (1968). 1, 108–113] is given as a function of the errors in observed d spacings. In the use of the de Wolff figure of merit the requirement of information about the errors of measurement is emphasized. A number of examples are given where the unit cells that are found cannot be accepted as true, because of the lack of accuracy in the published data.
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    Mise en évidence et étude, par diffraction des rayons X sur poudre, d'une transition ordre–désordre pour le nickelocène Ni(C5H5)2 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 212-215 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: About forty X-ray powder diagrams were recorded, in the range 5 to 295 K, with a prototype diffractometer and a high-efficiency cryostat. The temperature dependence of the cell parameters and the principal thermal expansion coefficients presents anomalies (below 240 K) which are due to the existence of an order–disorder transition in the range 240–170K. There is a correlation between the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficients αhkl and the asymmetric broadening of corresponding peaks. The existence of domains and frontier zones and the important reorganization of the molecular packing, in the ordered phase, explain the asymmetrical broadening of peaks. The nickelocene molecular configuration is probably eclipsed (D5h) in the ordered phase.
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    X-ray spectroscopy by L. V. Azaroff (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 259-260 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 42
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    Crystal data for tris (trimethylammonium) heptabromodicadmate (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 360-360 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Tris(trimethylammonium) heptabromodicadmate [(CH3)3NH]3Cd2Br7 is hexagonal, space group P6mcc. Unit-cell dimensions are: a = 14.863 (6), c = 6.869 (3) Å. Powder diffraction data are given.
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    Observation of lead Lα radiation from commercial X-ray tubes (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 370-370 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    World Directory of Crystallographers. Fifth Edition (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 371-371 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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  • 45
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    The thermal expansion of 2H-MoS2, 2H-MoSe2 and 2H-WSe2 between 20 and 800°C (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 403-406 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The hexagonal cell dimensions a and c of 2H-MoS2, 2H-MoSe2 and 2H-WSe2 have been measured over the temperature range 20 to 800 °C. In all three compounds a and c increased non-linearly with temperature, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of c being greater than that of a. Above 500°C the compounds begin to decompose in vacuum.
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  • 46
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    Dislocations in molybdenum ditelluride (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 407-410 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the dislocations found in molybdenum ditelluride. Three different types were observed: undissociated dislocations, widely dissociated ribbons, and ribbons of an intermediate width. The γ/λ ratio was determined for each type of dislocation and found to lie in the range 10−11 to 6.2 × 10−12 cm. In addition an estimation was made of both the growth fault and deformation fault probabilities.
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  • 47
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    Données cristallographiques sur un phosphobéryllate d'ammonium: Be2P3O10NH4 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 412-412 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Ammonium phosphoberyllate, Be2P3O10NH4, is monoclinic with a unit cell a = 12.200 (8), b = 8.645 (3), c = 8.937 (3) Å, β = 117.40 (5)° and Z = 4. Possible space groups are Cc or C2/c. The chemical preparation and crystal data are given for this new compound.
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  • 48
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    Computer simulation of thermal expansion of non-cubic crystals: forsterite, anhydrite and scheelite (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 11-16 
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    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The thermal expansion of non-cubic crystal structures may be simulated by a geometric least-squares refinement of the known structure after predicting the thermal expansions of various coordination polyhedra. This method has been applied to forsterite, Mg2SiO4, anhydrite, CaSO4, and scheelite, CaWO4. The expansions of different M-O bonds (M = Mg or Ca) are predicted by using an empirical relationship between the expansion cofficient, α, and bond-strength, s. The expansions of the polyhedral edges are approximated from the changes in the average M-O bond lengths. The rigid tetrahedral groups (SiO4, SO4 or WO4) were assumed to retain their size and shape during the process of thermal expansion. The structural changes are simulated at 300°C for forsterite and at 200°C for anhydrite and scheelite. Calculated changes in the position parameters for forsterite are generally in the same direction as those observed experimentally. The lattice parameters compare well and calculated values of the expansion coefficients along the three crystallographic axes show the same trend as the observed values namely αa 〈 αc 〈 αb. Thermal expansion behavior of anhydrite has been determined experimentally in the temperature range 20-275°C and the structure has been simulated at 200°C. The observed and calculated values of the expansion coefficients agree well; both show that αa 〉 αc 〉〉 αb. The calculations on scheelite successfully reveal the characteristic anisotropic thermal expansion behavior of scheelite-type structures, which is αa 〈 αc.
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    A joint probability distribution of seven structure factors in P\overline{1} (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 43-45 
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    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: For a fixed crystal structure in P{\bar 1}, it is assumed that h, k, l, m are random variables (vectors) uniformly and independently distributed over the subset of reciprocal space defined by h + k + l + m = 0. Then the seven structure factors Eh, Ek, El, Em, Eh + k, Ek + l, El + h, as functions of the primitive random variables h, k, l, m, are themselves random variables, and their joint probability distribution is found. This distribution plays the central role in the theory and estimation of the four-phase structure invariants φh + φk + φl + φm.
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    An improved probabilistic theory in P\overline{1} of the invariant EhEkElEh+k+l (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 74-82 
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    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The probabilistic approach used by the author in a preceding paper [Acta Cryst. A31, 252-259] for deriving the sign of quartet relations is used to obtain formulae which take terms of order 1/N2 into account. Experimental tests show that the overall reliability of the quartets is better estimated by these formulae, but does not reach the reliability of the triplets. Probabilistic formulae are then rescaled by suitable empirical factors. The new expressions lead to an improvement compared both with theoretical formulae and with the empirical [Schenk (1975). Acta Cryst. A31, 259-263] method: what is more significant, the new quartets are almost always found to be more reliable than triplets.
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    A probability theory of the cosine invariant cos(φh + φk + φl – φh+k+l) (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 91-99 
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    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A conditional joint probability distribution is derived in order to estimate the values of the cosine invariant cos (φh + φk + φl - φh + k + l) in terms of the magnitudes of Eh, Ek, El, Eh + k, Eh + l, Ek + l, Eh + k + l. The theory leads to values for the cosines which lie anywhere between - 1 and + 1. Some applications of the quartets in procedures for crystal structure determination are described.
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    Lattice parameter determination using Kikuchi-line intersections: application to olivine and feldspar (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 9-13 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The method of determining the ratio between lattice parameter and electron wavelength from Kikuchi-line intersections with an accuracy about 0.1% which was described by Høier [Acta Cryst. (1969). A25, 516–518] for cubic crystals, is extended to crystals with any lower symmetry. A computer program using a least-squares refinement has been developed and applied to the determination of unknown lattice parameters in an orthorhombic olivine and a triclinic feldspar crystal. A combination of energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and Kikuchi-line intersection measurements can in many cases be utilized to increase the accuracy in the determination of the lattice parameters. For the feldspars such a combination of measurements can be used to determine the distribution of the Al and Si atoms in the tetrahedral positions of the structure.
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    Changes in microstructure of oriented Ba3Co2Fe24O41 material during sintering. II (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 18-27 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Pellets of the ferrimagnetic material Ba3Co2Fe24O41 were sintered at temperatures between 1220°C and 1310°C in (1) a non-oriented state, (2) with a fibre texture generated by a rotating magnetic field during pressing and (3) with a fan texture due to a static magnetic field. During sintering up to 24 h. the changes in texture sharpness and density were studied. Textured samples attained a higher ultimate density than non-oriented ones and those with fibre texture became densest. To determine the sharpnesses of the texture the maximum standardized intensities of the reflexions 0′0′0′14, 1′0′\bar 1′16, 1′1′\bar 2′10 and 11\bar 20 were calculated from the experimental intensities. The mutual relations of the maximum standardized intensities of the four reflexions were given by representing the intensities of these reflexions for both textures as polynomials. The dependence of sharpness of texture on position in the pellet has been determined. It followed that this sharpness had to be averaged over the height of the pellet, to get a representative value for the whole pellet. Both kinds of texture were found to sharpen during normal grain growth, but during exaggerated grain growth in the last stage of sintering the sharpness of the fibre texture decreased, whereas that of the fan texture still increased. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is given on the basis of the different characters of these textures. A linear relationship is found between sharpness of texture and area porosity during normal grain growth. The compound starts decomposing at a lower temperature than that given in literature.
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    X-ray topographic study of defects in olivine crystals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 39-41 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The dislocation structure in olivine crystals has been studied by means of X-ray topography. The dislocations have Burgers vector [100] or [001], the majority of the dislocations lying in the (100) or the (001) plane and being of the edge, screw or mixed type. Some dislocation tangles are apparently closely connected to Ca-rich inclusions. The observed dislocation structure and its possible origins are discussed in relation to previous electron diffraction studies and slip line observations on olivine crystals deformed naturally or experimentally at various temperatures.
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    Pyroelectric sign of LiIO3 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 52-52 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The sign of the total pyroelectric coefficient, p3, of LiIO3 has been related to the known [Morosin, 1972. Private communication quoted as Ref. 25 of Bergman, J. G. & Crane, G. R. (1974). J. Chem. Phys. 60, 2470–2474] absolute configuration by use of a model of Liminga & Abrahams [J. Appl. Cryst. (1976). 9, 42–47]. It has been experimentally verified to be positive (piezoelectric convention) as predicted.
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    Commission on Journals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 58-58 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes and News (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 58-58 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Caractérisation du fer amorphe élaboré par décomposition à froid du fer carbonyle (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 175-177 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Very low-concentration mixtures of gaseous Fe(CO)5 and neon are decomposed in a glow discharge, leaving powdered amorphous iron. A charcoal trap cooled at liquid nitrogen temperature selectively adsorbs the CO from decomposition under a constant pressure of neon. The product, stable at room temperature, has been characterized as iron by X-ray diffraction. The pair distribution function gives the distance ratios expected for an amorphous material (tetrahedral model) computed on the basis of dense random packing of hard spheres or molecular dynamics with a central potential. However, these models may be questioned in the case of a non-compact body-centred structure.
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    Crystal data of three new potassium hydrogen polyiodate compounds (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 183-183 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three new potassium hydrogen polyiodate compounds [KHn(IO3)1 +n] have been grown from aqueous solution. Their cell parameters, d values and space groups are reported.
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    Méthode de détermination rapide par diffraction électronique des faces de croissance de l'hématite (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 180-181 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method is described for the rapid indexing of facets of crystals of hematite α-Fe2O3 from the study of electron diffraction diagrams. The only measurements consist in reading the values of the angles defining the position of the goniometer which allows rotation of the facet in its own plane.
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    A low-temperature apparatus for single-crystal diffractometry. The unit-cell dimension of α-quartz in the temperature range 86–298 K (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 14-17 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A detailed description of an automatic low-temperature apparatus to be used in single-crystal diffractometry is given. The crystal is cooled by a stream of nitrogen gas. Prevention of ice formation on the crystal is achieved by heating the outer parts of the gas stream by a conical metal device. The unit-cell dimensions of α-quartz have been determined in the temperature range 86–298 K with this apparatus on a four-circle diffractometer of type CAD-4.
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    Stacking disorder in natural 2H wurtzite (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 190-192 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Specimens of 2 H wurtzite from Pribram, Czechoslovakia have extremely high degrees of stacking disorder, probably much greater than that reported for any close-packed stacking sequence. The fraction of hexagonal stacking layers in two specimens is 0.63 and 0.68, respectively. For lattice rows affected by stacking faults, the agreement between the observed scattering and that calculated from the Jagodzinski model, reduced to one parameter, is remarkably good. The scattering from associated sphalerite is clearly incoherent.
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    Crystallite shape and the Fourier analysis of diffraction line profiles (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 187-189 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The relation between the column distribution as determined from the Fourier analysis of diffraction line profiles and the overall size distribution is examined for mixtures of crystallites of uniform shape, but differing in size. It is concluded that for such systems Fourier analyses of a number of profiles can lead to information on the nature of the shape, but that very careful measurements will be necessary to generate useful information on the nature of the distribution of sizes. While the detailed application of the results of this model may be limited, more general consequences seem to be that (a) there is normally no superficial resemblance between the Fourier column distribution and the true size distribution and (b) information on the latter can only be extracted with difficulty from Fourier analyses.
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    A simple check of the stability of automatic diffractometers (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 205-208 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Instabilities in the mechanical set-up and in the electronic equipment for measuring intensities can be detected by a statistical analysis of a series of profile measurements of one reflexion. The analysis is carried out in three steps starting with the raw data which, at stage 2, are corrected for a drift of intensity and at stage 3 for a drift of the scanning angle.
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    Perfect-crystal monochromators for synchrotron X-radiation (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 223-230 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Some techniques are surveyed of how to monochromatize synchrotron X-radiation and to eliminate harmonics in the most appropriate way. The theoretical estimates are compared with spectral intensity distribution measurements at DESY in Hamburg and found to be in good agreement.
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    A mechanically refrigerated gas stream (to -120°C) and some useful accessories (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 220-222 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A system for cooling a stream of dry air to −120°C is described. Mechanically refrigerated cooling units are used to maintain the cold baths in which heat exchangers are immersed. Adapters for converting a precession camera to a flat-plate oscillation-rotation camera and for mounting crossed polaroids on the precession camera are described. These devices are particularly useful for examining and aligning crystals grown in situ at low temperatures. They can also be used for aligning crystals on the precession camera even when monochromated radiation is used.
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    Determination of the Burgers vector of a dislocation from equal-thickness fringes observed with a plane wave of X-rays (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 240-241 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: This note reports on the observation of the appearance of singularity in the equal-thickness fringes at the outcrop of a dislocation in silicon observed with a plane-wave of X-rays and proposes a method of determining directly the magnitude and sense of the Burgers vector from the number of the extra half lines of the fringes.
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    Crystal data for Cs2HfCl6 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 245-245 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The crystal structure of Cs2HfCl6 was determined to be cubic, Fm3m, similar to K2PtCl6, with parameters: a0 = 10.42±0.01 Å, and u = 0.247±0.003. Powder diffraction data on which the determination was based are given.
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    Diffraction physics by J. M. Cowley (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 261-261 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Advances in quantum electronics Vol. 3 edited by D. W. Goodwin (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 262-262 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Commission on Crystallographic Apparatus (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 186-186 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The physics of liquid crystals by P. D. de Gennes (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 186-186 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    The detection of small differences in lattice constant at low temperature by an energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 286-290 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A cryostat has been designed for an energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer so that the specimen can be measured between 1.48 K and room temperature. Three powder samples can successively be measured at a fixed temperature by rotating the cryostat in steps of 120°. This design is very suitable particularly for detecting a slight change or difference, if any, in lattice constant among samples. A typical example is described of detecting the difference in lattice constant between 92Mo and 100Mo.
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    Diffraktometerwinkel für die Messung der integralen Intensitäten dicht benachbarter Reflexe mit einem Vier-Kreis-Diffraktometer (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 209-211 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: For the measurement of the integrated intensities of the reflexions from a crystal which shows satellite reflexions or which has one comparatively short reciprocal lattice constant, the setting angles for a four-circle diffractometer are derived which minimize the overlapping of neighbouring reflexions.
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    An X-ray method for the accurate determination of c/a ratios (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 231-232 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: It is shown that by using a three-circle single-crystal diffractometer to measure interplanar angles, one can obtain accurate ratios of crystal lattice parameters. The c/a ratios of BeO and CdS have been determined to demonstrate the method.
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    Crystal data for methylammonium manganese (II) trichloride, CH3NH3MnCl3 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 243-243 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Methylammonium manganese(II) trichloride crystallizes with a hexagonal unit cell, a = 7.626 (2) Å, c = 6.399 (1) Å, Z = 2, space group P63/mmc or P63mc. It is isostructural with CsCdBr3.
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    Méthode d'indexation rapide des diagrammes de diffraction électronique en réflexion de la face (00.1) de cristaux hexagonaux (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 347-351 
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    Notes: A method is described for the rapid indexing of (00.1) electron diffraction diagrams obtained from materials having trigonal or hexagonal symmetry. When the substance is known it is possible to determine the azimuthal orientation of the sample. A second diffraction diagram allows the determination of the lattice parameters of the substance when it is unknown.
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    Absolute structure-factor measurements in imperfect single crystals by means of γ-ray diffractometry (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 394-402 
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    Notes: An experimental method of measuring absolute structure factors in imperfect single crystals by means of Bragg diffraction of 0.03 Å γ-radiation is presented. It is shown that in principle atomic scattering factors can be deduced with an accuracy of about ±0.5% from rocking curves measured by means of γ-ray diffractometry. Due to the uncertainties in the correction for thermal motion of the atoms, however, the values of the atomic scattering factors of copper at the 220, 2\bar 22 and 333 reflexions could be derived only with an accuracy of ±1%. The measurements were made at room temperature.
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    Crystal data for phosphorus oxynitride (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 411-411 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Crystals of phosphorus oxynitride are tetragonal with a = 4.621 (2), c = 7.007 (4) Å, Z = 4, space group: I4122.
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    Präparation von biologischem Material und eine verbesserte Präparatträgerhalterung für Kiessig-Kameras (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 415-416 
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    Symmetry Aspects of M.C.Escher's Periodic Drawings (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 417-417 
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    Notes and News (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 417-418 
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    A semi-automated system for identifying crystalline materials with powder diffraction data (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 419-423 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A semi-automated system has been developed for identifying the components of a crystalline mixture according to correlations between the diffraction pattern of the mixture and the Hanawalt index of the Powder Diffraction File. The system is designed for use in the laboratory with modest computing facilities, e.g. a disc or tape-based 16 K mini-computer. In the computerized stage of the system those components which cannot contribute to the measured pattern are automatically eliminated. Subsequent manual interpretation of the results of the computer search, preferably with the support of a semi-quantitative elemental analysis, further reduces the number of possibilities.
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    On two methods of determination of particle size distribution functions by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 433-440 
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    Notes: The total X-ray intensity as a function of h (h is the radial coordinate in reciprocal space), scattered by an isotropic system of particles of equal shapes but of different sizes R, can, under certain conditions, be expressed as an integral over the particle size distribution function D(R), multiplied by a common single-particle function of hR which can be calculated from the assumed particle shape. In the first method D(R) is calculated from this relation by the method of least squares, in which values of D at a limited number of particle sizes are the unknowns. To avoid oscillations in the D curve, constraints are imposed on the D values. The proper weight to be assigned to these constraints must be determined by trial and error. The method has been adapted to suit various assumptions and requirements as to the shape of the particles, the type of distribution function to be calculated, and experimental conditions (slit or pinhole focusing). The second method is essentially the one described by Schmidt, Weil & Brill [X-ray & Electron Methods of Analysis, pp. 86–100. (1968), New York: Plenum], which, however, is adapted to the use of slit-smeared intensities. Both methods may give rise to artefacts in the calculated distribution functions in the range of the smallest particle sizes, which are sensitive to the setting of the various parameters and to experimental errors. However, the position and shape of the main maxima can usually be determined quite well. The agreement between the results obtained by the two methods is satisfactory.
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    Crystal data for apophyllite (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 54-56 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Apophyllite from the Poona region of the Deccan Traps has been confirmed to be tetragonal, space group P4/mnc, a = 8.965 (3), c = 15.756 (7) Å, at 25°C, Z = 2 and measured density = 2.369 g cm−3 at 33°C. Complete powder data and chemical analysis are given.
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    Deformation geometry for material scientists by C. N. Reid (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 59-59 
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    Advances in X-ray analysis. Vol. 18 edited by W. L. Pickles, C. S. Barrett, J. B. Newkirk and C. O. Ruud (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 60-60 
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    Crystal data for TlAsSe2 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 248-249 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Crystals of TlAsSe2 have been grown in a single-zone furnace. Precession photographs show that the compound is monoclinic, space group P21/c. Data for the unit cell are: a = 6.26, b = 23.64, c = 12.33 Å; β = 106.5°; Z= 16, Dm = 6.19, Dx = 6.64 g cm−3 . An indexed powder pattern is given. In relation to its sulphur analogue TlAsS2 (the mineral lorandite), TlAsSe2 has a doubled unit cell in the direction of the unique axis.
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    Données cristallographiques sur deux nouveaux trimétaphosphates BaAgP3O9.4H2O et BaAgP3O9 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 247-248 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Barium silver trimetaphosphate tetrahydrate: BaAgP3O9.4H2O is monoclinic with a unit cell: a = 21.35 (3), b = 7.163 (3), c= 18.35 (2) Å, β = 121.72 (5)°, Z = 8, space group = Cc or C2/c. Barium silver trimetaphosphate: BaAgP3O9 is orthorhombic with a unit cell: a = 11.05 (1), b = 12.28 (1), c = 5.903 (5) Å, Z = 4, space group: P212121. These two salts are isotypic with the corresponding barium–sodium salts: BaNaP3O9. 4H2O and BaNaP3O9 previously described by the authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011138
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  • 90
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    Phase transition studies of pure and flux-grown barium titanate crystals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 335-338 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the axial lattice spacings of a pure BaTiO3 crystal, grown from a `top-seeded' TiO2-rich melt, is presented for the four phases. This behaviour is compared with that of a crystal grown using a potassium fluoride flux. The lower ferroelectric paraelectric transition temperature and the smaller lattice parameter discontinuities exhibited by the latter crystal are attributed to the incorporation of impurities from the flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011436
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    Lattice-parameter measurement technique for single crystals using two lattice planes, and its application to Gd3Ga5O12 single crystals (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 342-346 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A lattice-parameter measurement technique using two lattice planes and monochromatic X-ray beams has been investigated. Accuracy, measurement correction and extensions of the technique are discussed. With this technique, the lattice parameters of Gd3Ga5O12, single crystals, grown under different conditions, have been measured to an accuracy of ±0.0003 Å. From the results obtained for Gd3Ga5O12, single crystals, it has been found that the technique has several advantages in comparison with conventional methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987601145X
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    Crystal mounter (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 416-416 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188987601176X
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    International Tables for X-ray Crystallography (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 417-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011795
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  • 94
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    Practical electron microscopy in materials science edited by J. W. Edington (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 418-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876011825
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  • 95
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    A simple monochromator design (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 510-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876012089
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  • 96
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    Institute of Physics crystallography group meeting (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 511-512 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876012119
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  • 97
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    Report of Executive Committee for 1975 (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 512-512 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876012144
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  • 98
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    Prices of Acta Crystallographica and Journal of Applied Crystallography (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 512-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876012156
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    Handbook for the X-ray investigation of minerals edited by V. A. Frank-Kamenetskij (1976)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 9 (1976), S. 514-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889876012181
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  • 100
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    Univalent (monodentate) substitution on convex polyhedra. II. Listing of cycle indices (1976)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 65-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: To extend the usefulness of the tabulation of the numbers N of positional isomers [Knop, Barker & White (1975). Acta Cryst. A31, 461-472], all the distinct cycle-index polynomials Z on which the tabulation is based have been listed in a convenient form. This condensed summary facilitates identification of Z-isomorphisms; in turn, N for univalent substitution on many polyhedra not listed previously can be evaluated simply by reference to the existing tabulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739476000120
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