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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 336-344 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An attempt is made to differentiate between the three previously proposed models of the structure of tetragonal BaTiO3. In the new model, the serious parameter-interaction problem was avoided by the use of both neutron and X-ray diffraction data collected from c-domain single crystals. The result of the refinement gave the displacement of the Ti atom from its cubic position as 0.0135 ± 0.0004 Å; the R value was 0.027 and 0.024 for the neutron and X-ray data respectively. The analysis also showed that the temperature parameters, B33, along the c axis are approximately independent of mass; B33 = 0.32 ± 0.03 Å2 from X-ray and 0.33 ± 0.04 Å2 from neutron diffraction. The average value obtained for the B11 temperature parameters, B11 = 0.50 Å2, is considerably higher than the B33 value, which thus clearly indicates the existence of low frequency optic modes at room temperature.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 806-813 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Accurate integrated intensities for the Bragg reflexion of neutrons from two single crystals of SrF2 have been measured at temperatures between 295 and 1043 °K. Corrections for extinction and thermal diffuse scattering were applied and the experimental data were analysed in terms of a model which includes both harmonic and anharmonic components in the thermal vibrations of the atoms. Significant contributions from the third-order anharmonic term, βF, in the one-particle potential of the fluorine atoms, consistent with their tetrahedral site symmetry, were observed at all temperatures. At 773 °K significant anisotropic fourth-order components, δSr and δF, became apparent in the thermal vibration of both the strontium and the fluorine atoms. At this temperature βF was refined to - 3.45 ( ± 0.11) × 10-12 erg Å-3, with δSr = 1.30 ( ± 0.75) × 10-12 erg Å-4 and δF = 0.84 (± 0.29) × 10-12 erg Å-4. The positive signs of the parameters δSr and δF result from the influence of Coulombic forces on the atomic vibrations.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 260-265 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Noncentrosymmetric structures are considered in terms of a generalized substructure formulation. Inclusion of dispersion, bonding and anharmonicity leads to generalized expressions for Bijvoet ratios. Methods of numerically estimating the effects due to bonding and anharmonicity upon the Bijvoet ratios are suggested. Allowance for bonding and anharmonicity is shown to have wide implications for the breakdown of Friedel's law. Subsets of reflections that obey Friedel's law in the conventional approximation are now shown to violate it. These violations are of considerable importance for measuring antisymmetric contributions due to bonding and anharmonic thermal vibrations. The possibility that bonding effects will result in the appearance of Bijvoet differences in noncentrosymmetric structures of elements is explored.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 39 (1983), S. 548-552 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray intensity measurements from an extended-face single crystal of cubic zinc selenide obtained by Mcintyre, Moss & Barnea [Acta Cryst. (1980), A36, 482-490] have been reanalysed with a view to explaining the unresolved discrepancies between theory and experiment present in the original analysis of the most severely extinguished reflections. The results obtained are shown to complement the recent findings of a wavelength-dependent study using the same crystal specimen [Stevenson & Barnea (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 538-547] and foreshadow the need to allow for the presence of the Borrmann effect.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 21 (1966), S. 181-182 
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 168-168 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is pointed out that under certain conditions one may need to take account of absorption and other effects in order to achieve the high precision claimed by Christiansen, Gerward and Alstrup [Acta Cryst. (1975). A31, 142-145].
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 482-490 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Generalized structure factor expressions are derived for the zinc blende structure. Inclusion of dispersion corrections is shown to give rise to the breakdown of Friedel's law for all-even-index reflections, an effect due to the presence of bonding or anharmonicity. X-ray intensity measurements from an extended-face crystal are interpreted within the generalized structure factor formalism to yield the B factors BZn = 1.020 ± 0.005 Å2 and BSe = 0.739 ± 0.008 Å2 and an effective cubic anharmonic thermal parameter {\cal B}ZnSe = βZn/α3Zn - βSe/α3Se = --(6.8 ± 1.1) × 1036 J-2 Å3 at 296 K. These are compared with values for other zinc blende compounds and with theoretically calculated B factors.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 335-337 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Integrated intensities from ground spherical single crystals of silicon, zinc sulphide, and calcium fluoride before and after etching are compared. The surface damage of the unetched crystals, apparent on scanning electron micrographs, is shown to give rise to a very appreciable enhancement of the X-ray Bragg intensities. A possible explanation for physically unrealistic phenomenological extinction parameters reported in the literature is suggested.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 31 (1975), S. 201-207 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The general form of the effective one-particle potential has been derived up to cubic terms for an atom undergoing anharmonic thermal vibration in a wurtzite-type crystal. The resulting potential suggests a mechanism for the primary pyroelectricity observed in these structures. The deviation of the structural parameters u in the various wurtzite structures from their predicted values, is shown to be closely related to the pyro-electric effect, and can also be attributed to anharmonicity. The effects of anharmonicity on the elastic scattering of X-rays and neutrons have been investigated. It is shown that the u parameter in the conventional expression for the Bragg intensities implicitly contains first-order anharmonic effects, but that a modified form of the intensity expression is necessary to account for higher-order anharmonic effects.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 33 (1977), S. 355-359 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of cadmium selenide has been determined from X-ray intensity data obtained with extended-face crystals. The wurtzite parameter u was found to be 0.37679 ± 0.00012. Comparison of the intensities of equivalent reflexions provided a test for the internal consistency of the measurements. Equivalent reflexions in two specimens differed on average by 1.4 and 0.6% from the mean measured intensity, attesting to the high internal consistency of measurements from extended-face crystals. Comparison of 36 structure factors derived from data obtained from both specimens showed their average deviation from the mean to be 0.9%. An attempted least-squares refinement of the dispersion corrections of both atoms from observed Bijvoet ratios failed, presumably on account of correlation. When the dispersion corrections of one atom were held constant, it did prove possible to refine the dispersion corrections of the other atom.
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