ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Springer  (31,733)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (5,165)
  • 1970-1974  (36,898)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
  • 1970  (36,898)
Collection
Years
  • 1970-1974  (36,898)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The histological structure of the veliger of Cymbulia peroni is described at the stage close to metamorphosis and during the metamorphosis. Major transformations are observed in the tegument and in the digestive system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Certain temperatures and H-Ion concentrations are necessary for the development of male and female reproductive organs. The differentiation of the reproductive system from undifferentiated cells conforms precisely with data on other species of Stenostomum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 37-68 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The histology of the four types of silk gland, occurring in the wolf spider Pardosa amentata are given. The changes in epithelium height, lumen breadth and size of the granules were studied in relation to silk production in the sub-adult and adult stage of the life-cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 127-139 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ossification of the limb bones in newborn primates has been studied roentgenographically in 5 species of Prosimiae and 6 species of Simiae. These observations were compared with earlier data and discussed with regard whether they should be classified as altricial or precocial animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gross morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules and hindgut in adults of the water bug Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) is described. These are compared with similar structures in other insects with a view to relating the observed structure with potential function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 343-369 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To facilitate further physiological investigation, a survey was undertaken of all the slit sense organs to be found on the body of the spider Cupiennius salei. We counted and mapped more than 3 000 sensory slits in the cuticle about half of which are combined to small groups of up to 29 slits forming compound or lyriform organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 212-223 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Every joint of the walking legs and the pedipalps of the tarantula is equipped with at least 2 groups of proprioceptors. There is a total of 18 groups containing around 135 neurones. They lie at the most “strategic” points, i.e. right at the pivots, where stress and strain are maximal during movements. The greatest number, namely 5 groups, is to be found at the coxotrochanteral joint, a ball and socket joint that permits movements in nearly every plane. At least some of the receptor cells are multipolar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 310-322 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Comparative finestructural studies on the integument of 18 polychaetes belonging to 14 families were conducted. Main differences are to be found in the organisation of the cytoplasm (homogenous or vacuolated) and the occurrence of layers of fibers between the apical microvilli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of the head segments, especially of the procephalon is described. Formation and differentiation of the mesodermal and ectodermal structures show that the head consists of an acron and six segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 40-57 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The arrangement of lateral line sense organs in 4 families of nonrelated surface feeding fishes is described. Although lateral line sense organs in these fishes show great variability they are all sensitive to surface waves. Morphological differences are emphasized and discussed functionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 189-211 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Descriptions are given of the tooth skeletons of three species of Diadematoida and of one species of Echinothuroida. The teeth of both superorders mentioned are grooved, but great differences exist in the microscopical structure of the tooth skeletons. Attention is called to the phylogenetic relationships of regular sea urchins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This new species of the family Didemnidae (Order Aplousobranchiata) presents the first moving synascidia from the interstitial system of marine sand. Tubular projections with glands form characteristic fixtures for locomotion and adhesion of the tiny colony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 16-28 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The turbellarian Triloborhynchus astropectinis gen. et sp. nov. lives in the hepatic caeca of the sea star Astropecten irregularis. It belongs to the family Pterastericolidae. It is provided with an opisthaptor and anteriorly with three evaginable pockets. Its body-wall ciliation is reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the laboratory, Tarantula marginemaculata breeds during the summer months. Egg development takes 98 days. Development from hatching to maturity takes 8 to 10 months and involves 5 to 8 moults. Mature animals continue to moult and to grow and normally produce 1 to 2 broods per year. Moulting frequency, growth, development of sexual organs and of trichobothriotaxy, and regeneration are described and compared to those of other arachnids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 263-306 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The present study of the development of the different organs of the gut, the vitellophags (primary yolk cells) and the other cell-types concerned with the resorption of the yolk gives the first detailed analysis of an Anomuran development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The multiple optic papilla in the retina of two Synodontis species is described with special emphasis on the arrangement of the optic nerve fibers in fascicles. In a comparison of the eyes of the Brachiopterygei and Holostei with those of various Teleosts, the functional importance of these plesiomorphic structures is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 177-254 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The setal pattern of Pterophorid first larval stages is homologized to the hypothetical pattern of the Ditrysia ancestor; it is utilized to reconstruct the ancestral pattern of the three European subfamilies and to classify them genealogically. For infra- and interspecific analysis, the setal characters of Pterophorinae are discussed in combination with the morphologic characters of the genitalia, which for this purpose are presented in detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 284-291 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The influence of strong alkaline attack on the elastic modulus of beech wood was investigated from a physico-chemical point of view. It was shown that by treating rather large samples with 24% caustic potash solution, part of the hemicelluloses and lignin is removed; also wood shrinks more that three times as much as normally. This has no effect on the net cell wall elastic properties of the wood in spite of statements by other authors on milder treatment. It is supposed that such a treatment triggers a dissolution of the so-called sparingly-soluble hemicelluloses up to an extent by which wood is densified without loosing its structure. Further investigations will be carried out on the general properties of wood subjected to this kind of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 224-241 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Green, blue and violet colours of Lycaenidae examined by us — with the exception of Rapala arata (Theclinae) — are due to iridescent scales which are arranged before a dark background. The iridescent scales are constructed according to the Urania-type and may be diverted from pigmented scales by laying in equidistant lamellae and little cuticular bars, which maintain the distance between the lamellae. The ribs in the longitudinal axis of the scales contain lamellae and bars only in the Plebejinae, in Lycaeninae and Theclinae they are small and sit on the plain upperside of the scale with a narrow base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 299-309 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The laryngi of the Central European and the Mediterranean treefrog exhibit a great morphological similarity. It suggests that mechanisms of the CNS and not the laryngi determine the patterns of the mating calls which are very different in these two species of treefrogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 66 (1970), S. 337-399 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The goatsuckers are able to enlarge the opening of the mouth in two dimensions. A very broadened occipital region, a division of the Musculus pterygoideus in two parts, and two pairs of highly adapted intramandibular articulations are the morphological conditions for the mechanism. The jaws are spread by several simultaneous movements. As a result of these movements the five parts of the lower jaw, the two quadrates and the skull base integrate into the annular gular frame of the expanded mouth. The unusual kinetik is an adaptation to nocturnal living.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 29-39 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pterastericola fedotovi Beklemishev, 1916, is reinvestigated. The family Pterastericolidae is retained. It holds a transitory position between the turbellarians and the monogenetic trematodes. A phenomenon regarded by the author as a bacterial infection of the worm, is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 300-307 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticle of Dinophilus, consisting of four different layers, is of a simple structure. The outer layer, composed of uniform globules, borders on processes in which the epidermal cells terminate. As to its structure, the cuticle of Dinophilus seems to be a larval type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 370-389 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Descriptions are given of the tooth skeleton of two species of Gnathostomata. Fundamental differences in the constructions of tooth elements of Gnathostomata compared with those of regular sea urchins are discussed. In the author's opinion the teeth of Gnathostomata are not to be derived from the teeth of any order of post paleozoic regular sea urchins, and the Gnathostomata is thought to be a monophyletic group of its own.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The results of this investigation by electron microscopy on the vascular cambium in Pinus strobus L. confirm the results of earlier investigations by light microscopy. First, they showed that differences in the thickness of tangential walls of cambial cells exist and that these differences permit grouping of cells according to the sequence of the previous divisions of the initial. This, in turn, permits the site of the initial cell in the cambial zone to be deducted. The thicker distal tangential wall of the initial in the successive series of tissue production allows for precluding the direction in which the initial function proceeds, toward the xylem or toward the phloem. Second, it was demonstrated that immature xylem cells exist in groups of four, that immature phloem cells exist in pairs, and that at all times more cells are produced toward the xylem than toward the phloem. Third, it was shown that the extra-thick tangential wall in immature xylem serves as a landmark to signal the changeover in the initial function from phloem to xylem production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 45-49 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The critical dose above which a decrease in toughness of Western Red Cedar and Peroba wood, extracted with benzene-alcohol is noted, was determined to be approximately 0.5×106 rad lower than that for the same non-extracted species. Investigations have shown that the presence of benzene-alcohol extractives in wood raises its radiation stability. This conclusion is supported by the fact that the toughness curve which generally falls with increasing doses of absorbed irradiation shows a steeper decrease for extracted than for nonextracted wood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 70-77 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary New information is presented that concerns flexural strength and stiffness of southern pine plywood and verification of a method developed by the U. S. Forest Products Laboratory for predicting properties of plywood. This method can predict, with sufficient accuracy, properties of southern pine plywood despite the large natural variability of veneer of this species and other variables. Strength and stiffness between 3-ply and 5-ply plywood with face grain parallel to span are compared. In addition, strength and stiffness between plywood and unidirectionally laminated veneer with same number of plies and total thickness are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 78-80 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Measurements of the gas pressure just required to displace saturating liquids and allow a slow continuous stream of gas to pass through ponderosa pine and redwood cross sections over a broad range of thicknesses at varying distances from pith to bark, together with the surface tensions of the liquids, have been used to calculate: (1) maximum lumen radii and maximum fiber lengths from the data for the thinner specimens, and (2) maximum pit pore radii for the specimens thicker than the maximum fiber lengths. Maximum lumen radii and maximum fiber lengths both increase from pith to bark and with increasing height in the tree. Maximum effective pit pore radii increase from the pith to the sapwood transition point, then increase abruptly followed by a variable zone in the sapwood. Displacement of water or a wetting agent solution gave comparable results for never-dried wood. Drying from water and resoaking reduced the maximum effective pit pore size. Drying from a wetting agent soaked condition followed by resoaking reduced the loss in permeability but not to the degree anticipated. ponderosa pine sapwood, that had been exposed to bacterial action, showed a large increase in the maximum effective communicating opening sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 140-154 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The effects of air-drying and solvent-drying on the sapwood of Abies grandis have been investigated by a new method for the determination of the size and number of conducting tracheid lumina and pit membrane pores which involves the measurement of gaseous permeability at various mean pressures. Both earlywood and latewood tracheids (83% of the total) were found to be conducting in solvent-dried wood, but in air-dried wood only latewood tracheids (32% of the total) were conducting. In solvent-dried wood there were on average 27,000 pit membrane pores per conducting tracheid compared with only 600 in air-dried wood. In both, the average pit membrane pore radius was about 0.1 μm. Liquid permeabilities have been predicted from the calculated radii and numbers. The liquid permeability of solvent-dried wood was 31 times greater than that of air-dried wood in which the lumina were responsible for 13% of the total resistance to flow. The lumina were responsible for 39% of the resistance in solvent-dried wood and it is suggested that in first-formed earlywood the lumina may cause more than half the total resistance. A new method is described for the cleaning of direct carbon replicas of wood. In this the cellulose is removed by cellulase instead of sulphuric acid, and no wax backing is required. This provides much cleaner replicas. Electron micrographs have been obtained of both earlywood and latewood dried by the two methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 163-175 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Forty lobiolly pine trees were studied for the purpose of finding a possible reason for the growth rate-specific gravity controversy. In addition, properties such as specific gravity of earlywood and latewood, latewood percentage, and their relations with growth rate and specific gravity of wood were investigated. The results show that, in general, significant relationship do exist between specific gravity and number of rings per inch for growth rates ranging from approximately 3...8 rings per inch. Specific gravity was generally unrelated with slower growth rates, i.e., more than 8 rings per inch. Specific gravity of specimens having the same number of rings per inch varied according to height-decreasing with increasing height. Latewood percentage was related to number of rings per inch in a similar manner as specific gravity. Within a tree, latewood percentage of wood having the same number of rings per inch decreased with increasing height. Negative relationships between earlywood specific gravity and number of rings per inch were found to be significant for the 30 percent height and for all heights when combined. However, there was no significant relationship between latewood specific gravity and number of rings per inch. Average laterwood specific gravity decreased with height. Earlywood specific gravity only decreased from 5.3...30 percent height levels and then showed an increase. In general, wood properties such as specific gravity and latewood percentage of wood, specific gravity of earlywood and latewood, varied more from breast height to approximately the 30 percent height, than between equal distances above the 30 percent height level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The effect of supersonic waves on the capillary penetration of liquids into wood was found to be positive or negative depending upon a number of factors. The penetration of non-polar compounds like paraffins and aromatic hydrocarbons was not improved by using supersonic waves. The effect of supersonic waves, however, became positive by introducing one or several hydrophilic groups into straight hydrocarbon chains. Diluting hydrocarbons containing hydrophilic groups with non-polar solvents reduced the positive effect of supersonic waves until it became negative below a certain concentration. Polyfunctional alcohols exhibited an optimum effect at certain concentrations when diluted with water. These concentrations correspond to alcohol-water blends of maximum affinity to the surface of wood. Supersonic waves improved the capillary penetration of water when the surface tension was reduced by using surface active agents. In fields were the rapid and thorough impregnation of wood by various liquids is important, supersonic waves can under certain conditions aid this process and be of practical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The variation of six wood properties was studied within and between six trees ofPinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (syn.P. khasya Royle;P. insularis Endlicher) grown in Zambia from seed of Assam provenance and exhibiting 24 annual rings at 5 ft. above ground. There were no important variations in latewood width (mean 0.8 mm) or grain angle (-1.7°). Total ring width (5.2 mm), latewood percentage (19.5%), tracheid length (4.8 mm) and density (0.50 g/cm3) exhibited systematic patterns of variation within trees that could be related to ring number and height by quadratic polynomials, which explained 70 to 90% of the variation. The most important source of random variation was the difference between individual trees and it is recommended that for plantation surveys many trees should be sampled by 3 to 4 annual rings on two radii at breast height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 237-239 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Photolysis of lignin occurred when thin sections of wood were examined microscopically in ultraviolet light. An exposure of 2 hours reduced the UV absorbance at 280 nm to less than 25% of its original value. Unless recognized, this effect could lead to serious errors in the use of the UV method for the detection of lignin in wood tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 240-245 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Individual fibre lengths were measured on the projected images of macerated tissue samples of seven Eucalyptus species grown in a replicated species trial in Zambia. Analyses of variance and variance components were used to study variation between species, replications, distances from the pith, radial positions, microscope slides and individual fibres. The overall mean was 0.93 mm and little variation was attributable to the main factors (fixed effects); two-thircs of total variation was due to differences between fibres within samples. Variance components for random factors were used to compare different sampling strategies; the size of acceptable difference for hardwoods (0.10 ... 0.14 mm) is considerably less than that for conifers and samples of 80 ... 200 fibres may be necessary. Differences between microscope slides were unimportant and two or more slides would be necessary only to facilitate location of the large numbers of fibres or to provide a check on operators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Mechanical injury to the sapwood of Quercus alba, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Maclura pomifera resulted in the formation of discolored tissue which was more resistant to decay fungi than the adjacent uninjured sapwood but usually less resistant than the heartwood. Considerable tree-to-tree variation in response to injury, as measured by subsequent variations in decay resistance, was noted. The exact cause for this induced decay resistance is unknown, but it appears to be due to fungistatic substances produced in situ by the dying parenchymous cells in the xylem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 292-300 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Recent developments in refiner pulping are interpretively reviewed in terms of various aspects. These are the mode of chip breakdown, thermoplasticity, the influence of temperature on fiber breaks, torsion effects, physical state as a factor in the breakdown to coarse fiber bundles as well as fiber fraction characteristics, within fiber changes, observations on a hardwood, the introduction of chemicals, and future developments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The spiracular chambers of the three anterior pairs of spiracles are described, and their relationships with the air stores on the body are discussed. Morphological variations in the spiracular chambers of Ambrysus, Notonecta, and Hesperocorixa appear to be correlated with the manner in which these insects obtain atmospheric and dissolved oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sensorial equipment of the labrum consists of mechanical receptors with simple innervation (sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica and sensilla campaniformia) and sensory pores innerved by one or several neurons the functions of which are probably gustatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 67 (1970), S. 172-182 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological structure of a spinning organ with three openings is described in the labium of some ant larvae of the Family Formicidae. It represents the end of the labial glands from which the silk for the pupal coccon comes out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The morphological supports of integration, including the nervous system, are to be found. After a morphological observation, ecto and endoderms and their intercellular junctions are presented. The regionally different mesogleal synaptic nerve nets are surrounded by ecto and endodermal nervous structures. The presence of behavioural activity centers is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dinophilus has a protonephridial system with end-cells. These end-cells are cyrtocytes with an inner canal, a tuft of flagella and a cell wall consisting of rods joined by membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 255-268 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A scanning electron microscope study of the surface of Priapulus caudatus is presented. Both adults and larvae have been studied. The pharynx, circumoral region, “collar”, proboscis, trunk, caudal appendage, and larval lorica are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 68 (1970), S. 308-322 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An anatomical study of five spider types has shown that the musculi laterales of the prosoma, together with the subcuticular muscle sheet of the opisthosoma, may be jointly responsible for generating the internal hydrostatic pressures which control the leg extension mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 313-314 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 226-236 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Specimens ofAbies sp. (fir),Pinus longifolia (chir),Vateria indica (vellapine),Dichopsis elliptica (pali) andMangifera indica (mango) were impregnated with monomers of styrene and methylmethacrylate and irradiated under different conditions. The treated specimens were tested as to their crushing strength, their bending strength and their water absorption. The results first indicate and increase in density due to impregnation. A reduction in moisture absorption and volumetric swelling as compared with untreated controls and increase in crushing strength were observed. The properties varied due to a non-uniform penetration of the polymer. Further experiments on the resistance against degradation by fungi were carried out and respective results are listed and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 4 (1970), S. 246-254 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary An anatomical and chemical examination was made of living stumps of Douglas-fir. Changes in heartwood and extractives formation are not significant under the conditions of severe physiological stress that existed unless cell morphology was also altered. It is proposed that the factors controlling the amount and composition of heartwood extractives are incorporated in the ray cells during the early stages of their development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The variation of six wood properties was studied within and between eighteen trees of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon (syn. P. khasya Royle; P. insularis Endlicher) grown in Zambia from seed of Burma provenance and exhibiting 16 annual rings at 5 ft. above ground. Three trees represented each of two size classes in each of three thinning treatments. Thinning effects were poorly estimated but heavy thinning increased ring width, decreased latewood percentage and caused marginal decreases in tracheid length and density. The two tree classes differed in ring width characteristics. Individual trees varied particularly in density; significant height effects were detected for tracheid length and density. Latewood width (mean 0.9 mm) and grain angle (-1.2°) varied little but total ring width (5.8 mm), latewood percentage (19.6%), tracheid length (4.6 mm) and density (0.46 g/cm3) exhibited systematic patterns of variation within trees; quadratic polynomials including ring number and height as independent variables explained 80 to 90% of the variation. Radial differences were often statistically significant but practically unimportant. For plantation surveys many trees should be sampled by 3–4 annual rings on two radii at breast height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Cellulases and hemicellulases (mannanase and xylanase) from culture filtrates of various fungi, including a brown rot fungus, Polyporus schweinitzii and a soft rot fungus, Chaetomium globosum, have been isolated and characterized. Investigations of their molecular weights, pH- and temperature optima and stabilities indicate that hydrolases of the wood destroying fungi are very similar to one another and to hydrolases from various other plant organisms. Substrate specificities and the effect of substituents on the natural substrates have also been investigated. Routine tests for mannanase and xylanase were carried out with model substrates (mannan from Tubera salep, xylan from wheat straw), but preliminary tests with complex hemicelluloses isolated from wood showed that these too could be broken down to monoor oligosaccharides. The results presented are discussed in relation to possible roles of the various enzymes in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A spill of 650,000 to 700,000 l of No. 2 fuel oil has contaminated the coastal areas of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (USA). Gas chromatography demonstrates the presence of this oil in the sediments of the affected area. Two months after the accident, essentially unchanged oil is still being released from the sediments. The presence of the same pollutant is demonstrated in whole oysters Crassostrea virginica and in the adductor muscle of the scallop Aequipecten irradians. A presumably biochemical modification leads to a gradual depletion of the straight chain and, to a lesser extent, of branched chain hydrocarbons. This does not result in detoxification, as the more toxic aromatic hydrocarbons are retained in the organisms several months after the accident. Scallops from an uncontaminated area contain hydrocarbons in lesser amounts and of very different molecular weight and type distribution; they are accountable entirely from biological sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory cultures, increased growth of Trichodesmium erythraeum was induced by the addition of gibberellic acid (GA). Addition of 2.0 mg/l GA to basal medium increased the initial concentration of 62 to 68 cells/10 ml to 450 to 950 cells/10 ml in 7 days, while no cell division occurred in control cultures. Addition of inorganic phosphate and nitrate have very little growth promoting effects; during a period of 7 days, the initial concentration of 62 cells/10 ml increased to only 74 to 80 cells/10 ml. These results suggest that red tide outbreaks in tropical oceans may be caused by growth promoting substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 275-282 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The material was collected in the western equatorial part of the Pacific Ocean at a 24 h station on December 21 to 23, 1968. Collections were made by means of 2 Juday nets from 2 winches simultaneously. A series of hauls was made at 2 h intervals. The vertical distribution of 17 Cyclopoida species, belonging to 3 families (Oithonidae, Oncaeidae and Corycaeidae) was studied. From 0 to 300 m, the absolute number of Cyclopoida individuals was practically constant throughout the 24 h period. The bulk of the species performed no diurnal vertical migration, or migrated with low intensity in the usual way (i.e. moved upward at night and downward during the day). Only 2 Oncaeidae species performed significant diuranl vertical migration. No reversed migration in Cyclopoida was discovered. To characterize the vertical distribution of Cyclopoida, the distribution of the “cores of populations” (abundancies between 25 and 75%) was examined. During the 24 h period, the cores of populations of various Cyclopoida species were found at different depths; this steplike distribution was not disturbed in migrating species. The cores of populations differed both with habitat depth and time of ascent of the migrating species to the surface layer. This peculiarity, probably, tends to lessen the intensity of food competition between Cyclopoida species with similar nutritional habits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 283-293 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'étude que nous avons entreprise sur les eaux de surface du golfe de Fos a permis de mettre en évidence (a) une forte dessalure: 14‰〈S〈32‰; (b) une réserve nutritive très importante: 1,41 μatg/l ≤P.PO4≤6,14 μatg/l; 0,7 μatg/l≤N-NO3≤29,3 μatg/l; (c) des populations phytoplanctoniques à fort effectif numérique (maximum 75·106 cell/l), de 2 à 15 fois plus élevé que les maxima méditerranéens observés jusqu'à ce jour. Ces fortes concentrations cellulaires semblent plus ou moins inhiber l'assimilation chlorophyllienne relative, (concentration en chlorophylle pour un million de cellules). 2. Des valeurs très importantes pour le carbone particulaire ont été trouvées, dues probablement à un taux très élevé de carbonates d'origine minérale amenés par les caux douces. Ceci semble confirmé par les valeurs des rapports C/N.
    Notes: Abstract A study undertaken in the surface waters of the Gulf of Fos (France), revealed very low salinities, high nutrient concentrations, and very rich phytoplanktonic populations (maximum 7.5·105 cells/l). Very often the phytoplanktonic populations attain abundances 2 to 15 times higher than maximum population densities found in the Mediterranean Sea. Such high cellular concentrations seem to suppress more or less the rates of relative photosynthesis if the concentration of chlorophyll a per 1 million cells is considered. Furthermore, the analysis of particular carbon yields high values. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that, in addition to organic carbon, other organic forms of carbon were measured, especially some carbonates which are abundant in fresh waters. The C/N ratios found seem to support this explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 303-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments using 14C sugars were carried out on the holothurian Holothuria scabra Jäger, in order to assess the role of its perivisceral fluid in the translocation and transportation of dissolved organic materials. The results obtained indicate that the perivisceral fluid plays a significant part. Rates of 14C glucose, fructose and sucrose uptake were followed in major tissues such as the alimentary canal, haemal system, respiratory tree and body wall. The monosaccharides are absorbed more intensively by digestive and haemal systems, the disaccharide by respiratory tree and body wall. It is, therefore, presumed that tissues in H. scabra selectively absorb sugars depending on their metabolic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Im Indischen Ozean lebt der Fisch Siphamia argentea in Gruppen auf dem Seeigel Astropyga radiata. Der Fisch ist farblich dem Seeigel angepaßt und verläßt ihn tagsüber nicht. 2. Kleine Fischgruppen halten sich in den stachellosen Interradialräumen des Seeigels auf, wo sie vor den Stacheln geschützt sind. Der Seeigel versucht die Fische mit seinen Stacheln zu vertreiben oder aufzuspießen; dies wurde im Aquarium beobachtet. 3. Große Schwärme von Siphamia argentea haben nicht auf den geschützten Interradialräumen des Seeigels Platz. Sie gleichen sich unter Bildung eines dichten Schwarmkörpers äußerlich der Form des Seeigels an. 4. Das Verhalten wird als ein kollektives mimetisches Verhalten gedeutet und diskutiert. Ob ein Mimikry-System vorliegt, kann nach den vorliegenden Beobachtungen noch nicht entschieden werden.
    Notes: Abstract In the Indian Ocean, the fish Siphamia argentea usually lives in small groups within the interradial spaces of the sea urchin Astropyga radiata. The fish has a colouration similar to that of the sea urchin and is thus protected from predators both by camouflage and the physical barrier of the sea urchin's spines. If the fish do not keep to the interradial spaces, the urchin can prick them with its spines. When the fish groups become too large, there is not enough space for them in these protected interradial spaces. Individuals which cannot be accomodated, form a dense group around the sea urchin which resembles a large urchin. Such dense groups are also known to occur in the fish Plotosus anguillaris where the individuals actually touch each other. The relationship between fish and sea urchin is described and discussed as an example of collective mimetic behaviour. This is the first record of collective mimetic behaviour in a marine environment. It is difficult to decide whether this is mimicry or mimese, as detailed research on the predators of both the sea urchin and the fish has not been carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 337-340 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gattung Pogaina Marcus wird um 2 neue Arten aus dem marinen Mesopsammal erweitert. Pogaina kinnei nov. spec. stammt aus dem eulitoralen Sandwatt der Nordseeküste, Pogaina annulata aus sublitoralen Grobsanden des Golfes von Neapel. Wahrscheinlich liefert die Gattung Pogaina ein neues Beispiel für eine Endosymbiose zwischen Turbellarien und Diatomeen.
    Notes: Abstract Two new species of the genus Pogaina Marcus are described. Pogaina kinnei nov. spec. lives in intertidal sand flats of the North Sea whereas Pogaina annulata nov. spec. was collected from sublittoral coarse sand of the Gulf of Naples. The genus Pogaina probably represents a new example of an endosymbiosis between turbellarians and diatoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Enchytraeus albidus (Henle) zeigt gegenüber den unteren und oberen Grenztemperaturen eine “sinnvolle” Resistenzadaptation. 2. Erhöhter Salzgehalt während der Vorbehandlung (AS) steigert sowohl die Hitze- als auch die Gefrierresistenz. 3. Die Wirkung eines erhöhten Salzgehaltes auf die Hitze- und besonders auf die Gefrierresistenz nimmt mit fallender Adaptationstemperatur (AT) zu. 4. Der Salzgehaltsbereich, in dem E. albidus homoismotisch ist (2 bis 15‰), hebt sich (zumindest für die Hitzeresistenz) nicht durch eine gleichbleibende Resistenz heraus. 5. Eine spezifische Ionenwirkung kann nicht aufgezeigt werden; die Wirkung einzelner Ionen ist konzentrations- und AT-abhängig. 6. Na, K, Ca, Mg vermindern die Gefrierresistenz bei 5 °C-Tieren, also bei ohnehin schon stark gefrierresistenten Individuen; 23 °C-Enchytraeen werden durch Zusatz von K und Ca gefrierresistenter. 7. Ca und Mg setzen bei 23 °C-Tieren die Hitzeresistenz herab. 8. Höhere Ionenzusätze wirken in allen Fällen resistenzvermindernd. 9. Das Gefrierschutzmittel Dimethylsulfoxid hebt sowohl bei kalt- als auch warmadaptierten Enchytraeen die Gefrierresistenz beträchtlich an; der Einfluß der AT verschwindet dann.
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the combined effects of temperature and salinity on resistance-adaptation to temperature in the oligochaete Enchytraeus albidus Henle. This worm shows reasonable resistance-adaptation to both cold (-13.2°C) and heat (35.8 °C). Acclimation to high salinity increases the degree of resistance to temperature extremes. The effect of salinity on heat-resistance, and especially on cold-resistance, decreases with rising adaptation-temperature. While a general effect of cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) on temperature resistance does not exist, the influence of special ions depends upon ion concentration and adaptation-temperature; addition of Na, K, Ca and Mg reduces cold-resistance in cold-acclimated (5 °C) individuals, while, in warm-acclimated (23 °C) specimens, cold tolerance increases after addition of K and Ca. Heat-resistance decreases in warm-acclimated worms after addition of Mg and Ca. Higher proportions of cations reduce thermal resistance in all cases. Over the salinity range which allows homeo-osmotic conditions (2 to 15‰), E. albidus does not exhibit a constant resistance level (at least not to heat). The cryoprotective agent dimethylsulphoxide is highly effective both in cold and warm acclimated worms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A design for a pressure vessel, suitable for continuous observation of small planktonic animals at moderate hydrostatic pressures is presented. The long side windows are 3/4 inch (ca. 19 mm) armourplate glass, and smaller windows are provided at each end. The dimensions of the inner working chamber are approximately 16 × 2 × 1 3/4 inches (ca. 0.41×0.05×0.045 m). Internal pressures up to 800 psi (55 bar) have been used successfully during testing. The entire apparatus is placed in a water jacket to provide precise temperature regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 5-11 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A laboratory-scale vertical migration, using adult Daphnia magna, was observed within an observational pressure vessel. The animals exhibit a clearly defined movement along the water column in response to an overhead light regime. The hydrostatic pressure was increased to 41.5 bar (600 psi) during the course of a migration. a short lived increase in swimming rate was observed, but the pattern of the migration was quickly restored; the migration continued at the high ambient pressure. The response of D. magna to light does not appear to be affected by high pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 48-57 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two indices of community association and a 3 dimensional ordination of stations were used to elucidate the relationship between small-scale changes in species, composition of polychaete assemblages and changes in the physical character of the sediment, at 9 stations along a 1.5 km subtidal transect. There were no faunal or physical discontinuities that might have been used to delineate boundaries of polychaete communities, except at a very shallow station where the effects of extreme fluctuations of temperature and salinity were evident. The degree of similarity between assemblages was related to the similarity of the sediments at the different stations. In particular, the changes in species composition appeared to correspond most clearly to differences in the clay content of the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 58-65 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Under the general heading of symbiosis, defined originally to mean a “living together” of two dissimilar species, exist the sub-categories of mutualism (where both partners benefit), commensalism (where one partner benefits and the other is neutral) and parasitism (where one partner benefits and the other is harmed). The sea anemone-fish (mainly of the genus Amphiprion) symbiosis has generally been considered to benefit only the fish, and thus has been called commensal in nature. Recent field and laboratory observations, however, suggest that this symbiosis more closely approaches mutualism in which both partners benefit to some degree. The fishes benefit by receiving protection from predators among the nematocyst-laden tentacles of the sea anemone host, perhaps by receiving some form of tactile stimulation, by being less susceptible to various diseases and by feeding on anemone tissue, prey, waste material and perhaps crustacean symbionts. The sea anemones benefit by receiving protection from various predators, removal of necrotic tissue, perhaps some form of tactile stimulation, removal of inorganic and organic material from on and around the anemone, possible removal of anemone “parasites”, and by being provided food by some species of Amphiprion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gastro-intestinal contents of the sea gull Laurus brunicephalus Jerdon were found to possess antibacterial activity. This activity could be traced to heavy accumulations of the marine blue-green alga Trichodesmium erythraeum in the gut. During 1969, a bloom of T. erythraeum began in Porto Novo waters about the middle of February, and attained a peak during the second week of March. It has been reported previously by the author that antibacterial properties are exhibited by T. erythraeum maintained in laboratory cultures, as well as in water samples collected from a red tide area. It was also reported (Ramamurthy, 1970) that the gut contents in 2 pelagic fishes, Hilsa kanagurta and Rastrelliger kanagurta, collected during the same red tide bloom period, possessed antibacterial properties. During this period large numbers of these fishes were consumed by sea gulls L. brunicephalus. In view of this finding, experimental procedures were adopted to determine whether extracts of T. erythraeum occurring in the gut of the sea gulls might exhibit antibacterial activity. It was found that T. erythraeum collected from the gut of L. brunicephalus could inhibit both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Gastro-intestinal extracts from L. brunicephalus collected during the non-bloom period of T. erythraeum showed heavy microbial growth of bacteria and fungi. Evidently, antibacterial or sterile conditions prevail in the gut of these tropical sea gulls in a manner similar to that observed in Polar penguins by Sieburth (1959, 1961).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 66-73 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Im Meerwasser ist die Druckresistenz bei marinen Evertebraten (Idotea baltica, Cyprina islandica) und isoliertem Gewebe (Kiemenstücke von Cyprina islandica und Mytilus edulis) unter herabgesetzter Sauerstoffspannung des Mediums erhöht. Bei zunehmenden Sauerstoffgehalten im Bereich der Luftsättigung und darüber hinaus nimmt die Druckresistenz ab. Auch bei nahezu völligem O2-Mangel wird die Druckresistenz vermindert. 2. Die Voranpassung an O2-armes Medium wirkt sich ebenfalls positiv auf die zelluläre Druckresistenz aus. 3. Milchsäure, die während anaerober Glykolyse angereichert werden kann, wirkt sich nur dann erhöhend auf die zelluläre Druckresistenz aus, wenn ihr Vorkommen mit einer gleichzeitigen Herabsetzung des pH-Wertes verbunden ist. 4. Durch Atmungshemmung mit Cyanid in geringer Dosis wird die Druckresistenz nicht meßbar beeinflußt; bei höheren Dosen wird sie verringert. 5. Es wird gefolgert, daß die höhere Druckresistenz bei herabgesetzter Sauerstoffspannung wahrscheinlich auf verminderte Oxydation empfindlicher Gruppen (z. B. SH-Gruppen) einzelner Enzyme zurückzuführen ist. 6. Beziehungen zwischen Druckresistenz und Sauerstoffspannung sind besonders bei Tiefseebewohnern von Bedeutung, da diese in ihrem Lebensarum oft bei verminderten O2-Partialdrücken vorkommen.
    Notes: Abstract Variations in oxygen tension exert a considerable influence on the resistance of invertebrates to high hydrostatic pressure. Pressure resistance of whole animals (Idotea baltica, Cyprina islandica) and of isolated tissues (gill tissues of Cyprina islandica and Mytilus edulis) is higher in a medium not fully air saturated; it decreases with increasing oxygen tension to about air saturation or higher. In some species, pressure resistance decreases when dissolved oxygen is almost absent. Oxygen tension influences pressure resistance not only during exposure to increased pressure; our experiments revealed that pressure resistance increases in isolated tissues kept under oxygen deficiency prior to the experiment. Lactic acid, a result of anaerobic glycolysis, increases cellular pressure resistance only if its presence is combined with decreased pH values. Metabolic inhibition with cyanide does not increase pressure resistance. It is suggested that the primary reasons for lowered pressure resistance at saturation or higher oxygen levels are oxydation and inhibition of sensitive SH-enzymes under pressure. Decrease of pressure resistance at extreme degrees of oxygen deficiency may be due to insufficient rates of ATP synthesis. According to Marsland (1957), ATP is required for maintenance of protoplasmic gel structures. Correlations between pressure resistance and oxygen tension are of special importance in deep-sea animals, which often have to face reduced oxygen contents in their ambient medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'ablation de l'organe axial chez l'Étoile de mer Asterina gibbosa Penn. est suivie de perturbations dans l'activité respiratoire. Les troubles se traduisent, tout d'abord par une diminution de la consommation d'oxygène, de 1/2 à 2h après l'ablation de l'organe, puis par une hyperconsommation d'oxygène, de 4 h à 2–3 jours après l'ablation. Ensuite la consommation d'oxygène diminue puis les animaux meurent. 2. Ces résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus chez certains échinides. 3. La survie d'autres animaux pouvant être obtenue, sous certaines conditions, on conclut que si l'organe axial peut intervenir dans les mécanismes respiratoires il ne leur est cependant pas nécessairement indispensable.
    Notes: Abstract The removal of the axial organ from the sea-star Asterina gibbosa Penn is followed by disturbances in respiratory activity. Decrease in oxygen uptake occurs from 1/2 to 2 h after which continues from 4 h to 2–3 days. Oxygen uptake then decreases and the test individuals die. These results are compared with those obtained with certain echinids. Since survival after removal of the axial organ is observed in certain other animals, it is concluded that, although the axial organ may partake in respiratory mechanisms, it is nevertheless not indispensable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 93-97 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Copper in ionic form is found to be very poisonous for photosynthesis and growth of unicellular algae at concentrations of Cu usually found in natural waters. This indicates that Cu is ordinarily not present in ionic form but is complexed by organic matter such as polypeptides. The affinity of Cu to diethyl-dithiocarbaminate is very much higher than to the organic matter which complexes Cu in nature. Thus, it is not possible to distinguish the two forms of Cu during analysis. Complexed Cu is not poisonous to algae. It has recently been shown that ocean water in the centres of upwelling becomes suitable for plankton growth only after the addition of a chelator. This suggests that a large part of the Cu found in the subsurface waters of the oceans is present in ionic form. Some manufactures of C14 ampoules have used ordinary distilled water which often has a content of about 250 μg Cu/l. Thus, it is very likely that some productivity measurements have been influenced. A likely example is mentioned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 98-105 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experimental measurements of the sinking velocity of anaesthetized planktonic animals carried out in the first half of this century prove that the downward migration of planktonic populations may be entirely attributed to passive sinking. This conclusion, along with data from voluminous literature devoted to circadian rhythms, supports the supposition that diel vertical migration is the result of an innate alternation of phases of high and low activity. During the phase of low locomotory activity, a passive sinking of an organism of negative buoyancy takes place; during the phase of high activity, the same organism actively climbs to the surface using the well-known mechanisms of space orientation. This hypothesis offers an explanation both of the usual course of diel migration and various deviations from this course, some of which are mentioned here. If the above considerations are correct, and if we admit that one of the trends of the evolution of pelagic organisms is directed towards the reduction of energy expenditure for the maintenance of the body in a suspended state, i.e. towards neutral buoyancy, the conclusion may be drawn that diel vertical migrations are not the result of adaptation to the planktonic mode of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 106-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Approximately 22 species of sea anemones and 20 species of alcyonarians were found on the reef fringing the shallow water at Eilat (Gulf of Aqaba) and other localities along the Red Sea coast of the Sinai Peninsula. Investigations showed that these 2 groups of non-scleractinian coelenterates from (on different substrates) well identified colonies, part of them inhabiting sandy bottoms, other groups growing on the reef surface. Observations lead to the conclusion that several of the sea anemones and alcyonarians can act, under certain conditions, as factors limiting the development of hermatypic corals. In some areas, several species of the 2 groups of animals are found together with their symbiotic partners, such as fishes and crustaceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 81-92 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. 1968 und 1969 wurden über Distanzen von maximal 253 km entlang der deutschen und holländischen Nordseeküste insgesamt 2828 markierte Aale Anguilla anguilla verpflanzt, um ihr Rückwanderungsvermögen über große Entfernungen zu untersuchen. Die Fische stammten aus Reusen-oder Schleppnetzfängen. 2. Der Wiederfangprozentsatz betrug 1968 9,9% und 1969 2,7%. 1968 wurde während der Hauptaktivitätszeit der Aale (Anfang September) verpflanzt, 1969 zu Beginn der Saison (Juni) bei noch sehr niedrigen Wassertemperaturen (beginnende Aktivität der Aale). Hierdurch sind vermutlich die unterschiedlichen Wiederfangerfolge in den beiden Jahren zu erlären. 3. Der Wiederfang erfolgte größtenteils druch Geräte der Berufsfischerei, vornehmlich durch Reusen, ferner durch Krabbenkurren, Schleppnetze, Hamen und Angel. Von der offenen See wurden verhältnismäßig wenig Aale zurückgemeldet; dies ist teilweise wohl auf den geringeren Fischereiaufwand in diesen Gebieten zurückzuführen. Sehr häufig trafen dagegen Rückmeldungen (bis zu 20%) aus dem Wattenmeer ein, insbesondere vom Abschlußdeich de IJsselmeeres; dort findet eine intensive Reusenfischerei statt. 4. Die beiden zur Kennzeichnung verwendeten Markentypen (Plastikplättchen mit Nylonfaden und flexible Plastikpfeile) lieferten annähernd gleiche Wiederfangergebnisse. Für den vorliegenden Zweck hat die Verwendung von besser haftenden Marken keinen wesentlichen Vorteil gebracht, da deren geringe Sichtbarkeit den Prozentsatz der Rückmeldungen erniedrigte. In beiden Untersuchungsjahren ging, bedingt durch den Markenverlust, der Wiederfang nach 40 Tagen und ein zweites Mal 1968 durch das Ende der Fangsaison stark zurück. 5. Bei über 133 km Verpflanzungsstrecke ließ die Tendenz, in das Heimatareal zurückzufinden, nach. Einzelne Aale wurden jedoch noch nach Deportationen von über 200 km in ihrem Heimatareal wiedergefangen. Verhältnismäßig viele Versuchstiere wurden über 133 km Verpflanzungsentfernung in der richtigen Richtung zum Heimatareal angetroffen. 6. Die Untersuchungen haben erwiesen, daß die Aale nicht nur in nord-südlicher Richtung heimzufinden vermögen, sondern auch in ost-westlicher und west-östlicher Richtung. Da in der südlichen Nordsee eine nach Nordosten gerichtete Restströmung herrscht, erscheint für nach Westn verpflanzte Aale eine Geruchsorientierung kaum möglich. Ein Richtungsnavigieren, ähnlich wie bei zu den Laichplätzen wandernden Aalen, ist wahrscheinlich. 7. Verirrte Aale entfernten sich weniger weit vom Aussetzungsort als heimfindende Aale. Wurden die Versuchstiere in der „falschen” Richtung angetroffen, so gelang ihr Wiederfang erst nach einer längeren Zeit als bei heimfindenden Exemplaren. 8. Durch die Ergebnisse werden in früheren Untersuchungen ermittelte Wandergeschwindigkeiten von 1 km/h bestätigt und noch höhere Maximalgeschwindigkeiten wahrscheinlich.
    Notes: Abstract Homing has been studied in 2,828 tagged eels Anguilla anguilla (L.) which had been transplanted in 1968 and 1969 over distances up to 253 km off the coasts of Germany and the Netherlands. Of the tagged specimens, and average of 9.9% were recaptured in 1968 and 2.9% in 1969. Recapture percentages were highest (up to 20%, depending upon the intensity of fyke net fishery) near the coast, especially along the IJsselmeer Dike. The return percentages of 2 types of tags (small plastic dises with perlon thread and flexible plastic arrows) gave similar results. Forty days after transplantation, recapture values decreased markedly, probably due to tag loss. The homing tendency decreased at displacement distances exceeding 133 km. However, even over such long distances, a fair number of eels were still recaptured on routes pointing towards the home area. Single eels returned to their home area over a range of more than 200 km. Straying eels have been recaptured within shorter distances from the releasing point. The period of time between release and recapture was shorter with straying than with homing individuals. These investigations confirm that homing of eels is possible not only in North-South, but also in West-East or East-West directions. The long distance (East-West) homing certainly excludes olfactory orientation because of the North-East flowing residual current of the southern North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 117-120 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Investigations have been made on the carotenoids in the marine amphipod Hyale perieri (Lucas) from the Black Sea. The presence of the carotenoids β-carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin and astaxanthin was determined by means of columnar and thin-layer chromatography. It is highly probable that violaxanthin is also present in H. perieri.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pleopod ventilatory activity of the tube-dwelling amphipods Corophium volutator (Pallas) and C. arenarium Crawford is intermittent. Unlike the free-living amphipod Marinogammarus obtusatus (Dahl), which increases its rate of pleopod beating, the pleopod beat rate of both Corophium species is unaffected by low oxygen concentrations. However, the nature of the intermittent ventilation rhythm is altered so that, at low oxygen concentrations, the pleopods of Corophium beat almost continuously. It is suggested that the intermittent ventilation of Corophium can be interpreted as an adaptation to a tubicolous existence. The peracaridean Tanais chevreuxi Dollfus has 2 independent ventilatory systems, the maxilliped epipodites and the pleopods. The former, which respond to low oxygen concentrations, are thought to be the principal respiratory organs of T. chevreuxi, while the pleopods, which show no response to low oxygen tensions, are believed to be primarily concerned in filter feeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various enzyme activities have been demonstrated in the pharynx, midgut, and caeca of the polychaetes Aphrodita aculeata, Lepidonotus squamatus, and Nephtys ciliata; these activities, together with ultrastructural characteristics, indicate both secretory and absorptive abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 236-240 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The osphradium of Conus flavidus, Lamarck has been examined by histological methods. Each lamella consists of 3 clearly defined regions: a dorsal spine and digitiform processes extending ventrally, composed of pseudostratified epithelium and occasional hair cells; a lateral and interdigitating region which contains numerous hair cells arranged in discrete ridges; a lamella nerve originating from the osphradial ganglion which sends a branch down the centre of each digitiform process. Each lamella has ciliary tracts which cause fluid, impinging on the osphradium, to be passed repeatedly between the lamellae and, therefore, to come into contact with the hair cells which are believed to be the primary sensory units of chemoreception in this organ. The whole structure responds immediately to substances dissolved in water by increased lamellar movement and by arching of the whole structure in towards the osphradial axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 241-247 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The membrane potential, impulse activity (mostly spontaneous) and, in some cases postsynaptic potentials, have been recorded in vitro under optical control (glass micropipets, cathode follower, oscilloscope with movie camera and/or ink writing recorder) in neurons of the visceral ganglia of Aplysia depilans. The value of the membrane potential is usually 40 mV. The majority of cells entered by the microelectrode show no spontaneous nerve impulse-spike activity. Statistical analysis of the spontaneous impulse activity made with records taken mostly from autoactive pacemaker neurons (using a computer), shows that these neurons generate relatively regular nerve impulses (the inter-spike interval histograms are often approximated by a Gaussian shape), irrespective of marked differences in mean values of the inter-spike intervals. Construction of special types of interval histograms and statistical comparison of corresponding distributions demonstrated, in several neurons, that the occurrence of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials tends to postpone the onset of the subsequent spike. Statistical description of in vitro recorded activity of neurons may be used for establishing correlations between metabolic and functional aspects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 213-225 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Ein kritischer Überblick über die bisher angewandten Methoden zur Bestimmung von Aminosäuren im Meerwasser zeigt, daß in der Beurteilung der Verfahren beträchtliche Widersprüche bestehen. 2. In einer Reihe von Blindversuchen mit den für die Untersuchung benötigten Hilfsstoffen wurde festgestellt, daß vor allem Ionenaustauscherharze ninhydrinpositive Verunreinigungen abgeben, wodurch die Genauigkeit von Aminosäurenanalysen beeinträchtigt werden kann. 3. Methodische Untersuchungen ergaben, daß ein zuerst von Palmork (1963a) angewandtes, zweistufiges Aufbereitungsverfahren nach einigen Abänderungen Ausbeuten von ca 80% gewährleistet bei einer relativ guten Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse. Das Verfahren besteht in einer Konzentrierung der Aminosäuren durch Einengen der Meerwasserproben bis auf ein geringes Restvolumen und einer nachfolgenden Entsalzung des Konzentrats durch Ionenaustausch. Die qualitative und quantitative Analyse der Extrakte wird mit Hilfe des Beckman-Aminosäurenanalysators Modell “Unichrom” durchgeführt. 4. Das aus der Deutschen Bucht stammende gealterte Meerwasser aus dem Versorgungssystem der Zentrale (Hamburg) der Biologischen Anstalt Helgoland erwies sich mit insgesamt knapp 60 nM/l als extrem arm an freien gelösten Aminosäuren. 5. In den Monaten April und Mai 1969 wurden in Abständen von wenigen Tagen Wasserproben bei der Station Helgoland Kabeltonne entnommen. Bei der Analyse dieser Proben ergaben sich ein kleines Maximum der Aminosäuremengen in der zweiten Aprilhälfte, ein deutliches Minimum am Monatsende und ein ziemlich gleichmäßiger Anstieg der Aminosäurenwerte im Mai. Als Monatsmittel für den Gesamtgehalt an Aminosäuren wurden im April 195 nM/l gefunden, im Mai 451 nM/l. Unter den einzelnen Aminosäuren sind Glycin und Serin stets in der größten Menge vorhanden.
    Notes: Abstract In the literature concerning the determination of free dissolved amino acids in sea water, the evaluation of the various methods employed varies considerably. During our experiments, a two-stage preparatory method—evaporation of sea water to a small volume and desalination of the solution by ion exchange — which in principle was first used by Palmork (1963a), proved satisfactory. Recovery was about 80%, and reproduction of results sufficiently good. Following this preparatory method, and using the Beckman-Amino acid analyzer “Unichrom” for final analysis, a series of aged seawater samples was submitted to amino acid determination. The water samples always contained very small amounts of amino acids. A larger number of samples was collected in April and May, 1969, near Helgoland (54°11.3′ N, 7°54.0′ E). The samples were immediately filtered through a membrane filter (pore size 0.45 μ) and stored at-20°C until processed. Of the total amino acid content, glycine and serine were present regularly in the largest amounts, followed at some distance by lysine, glutamic acid, proline, and threonine. Quantitative determinations of aspartic acid were not usually possible, as it could not be separated sufficiently from another substance, probably methioninsulfoxide. Particular attention was paid to the danger of contamination of the samples by ninhydrinpositive compounds. The ion exchange resins used proved to be a considerable source of such foreign substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations on the pattern of blood circulation in eggs and early larvae of Ambassis, Mugil, Dorosoma and Thrissocles species have been made. In the initial stages, the tubular heart lies on the left side, near the cephalic region. The anterior end of the heart lies near the snout. The posterior end is attached to a point mid-way between the orbits and auditory vesicles; the position of the anterior end is greatly influenced by the size of yolk. Initially, the tubular heart and dorsal aorta lie in a line. As a result of yolk absorption, the anterior end of the tubular heart gradually sinks to a position posterior to the attached end. Liquified yolk is circulated through the heart in early stages; blood corpuscles become apparent only in larvae. The heart-beat, which is initially irregular, gradually becomes regular as development progresses. In the initial stages the blood flows to the caudal and not to the cephalic region. The blood vessels are narrow, and the oval-shaped blood corpuscles must therefore pass through individually, with their long axes parallel to the passage. A definite capillary system is not evident. The blood vessels can dilate and contract when required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 268-279 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made on 2 beaches during the premonsoon period (January to March) when conditions were relatively stable. The beach below the berm at Cochin is 14 m wide with a slope of 1 in 8.5, and at Shertallai 40 m wide with a slope of 1 in 16. The well-sorted sand has a mean particle size of 275 μ at Cochin and 175 μ at Shertallai. The amount of chlorophyll attached to sand grains is very small. Chlorophyll in the water varies between 0.9 and 13.0 μg/l. Carbon in the sand amounts to 210 to 630 μg/g, and in the water to 355 to 3660 μg/l. Throughout observations, the water temperature remained about 31°C, but on the dry sand surface it reached 50°C. Fauna zonation on the 2 beaches is similar to that of other tropical beaches; crabs of the genus Ocypode and the isopod Eurydice sp. occur at high water mark, the polychaetes of the genera Glycera, Onuphis, Scoloplos and Lumbrinereis in the mid-intertidal region and below; the tidal migrants Bullia melanoides (Gastropoda), Donax incarnatus and D. spiculum (Bivalvia) and Emerita holthuisi (Crustacea) inhabit the wash zone of the surf. The average biomass is 0.73 g carbon/m2 at Shertallai and 0.85 g C/m2 at Cochin, where fewer species are present. This compares with a value of 0.63 g C/m2 for a sandy beach on the west coast of Scotland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 291-302 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rate of filtering Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana was measured in Hiatella arctica (L.) by the indirect suspension depletion method monitored by optical density measurement. The filtration rate of H. arctica was found to be 1.412×10−2 l/h/g wet weight at a temperature of 15°C when fed with P. tricornutum, at average cell concentrations up to 3.5×106 cells/ml. The filtration rate dropped almost to zero when the concentration of P. tricornutum reached 11×106 cells/ml. The filtration rate of I. galbana diminished at a much lower cell concentration of 1×106 cells/ml, and almost ceased at 3 to 4×106 cells/ml. In mixed cultures of I. galbana and P. tricornutum, the filtration rate ratio was 0.37 to 1.00, and this was believed to be due to a proportion of the smaller former cells passing through the ostia. However, when resuspended in sea water, I. galbana cells were taken at a rate slightly less than P. tricornutum. The medium in which the I. galbana cells had been grown was inhibitory to the filtering activity of H. arctica, since, when cells of either alga were resuspended in the medium, the filtration rate was considerably reduced. No inhibitory factor existed in either of the original nutrient media. Hence, the importance of using low cell concentrations and of eliminating any inhibitory metabolic products when measuring filtration rates of bivalves is stressed. H. arctica shows a typical activity temperature eurve for a boreo-arctic species, with a steady rise from 0°C to a maximum between 15° and 17°C, and a sharp fall in activity to about zero at 25°C. The rates of filtration of various species at temperatures approaching the optimum were compared after allowance was made for fall in filtration rate with increasing body weight. The results suggested that the Mytilacea had the highest filtration rates and that H. arctica possesses one of the lowest filtration rates recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eggs of the White Sea herring Clupea harengus pallasi Val. are laid in the intertidal zone, where they are liable to come under the influence of fresh water. The present paper deals with the effect of fresh-water influence on the egg of the White Sea herring, under experimental conditions. In fresh water, egg and sperm are in an unactivated state and, after transfer into sea water, are capable of re-activation, even after 212/ h exposure. The treated eggs develop until the hatching of normal and viable larvae. The number of eggs which are able to complete development depends upon the period of freshwater exposure, although the correlation between the length of that period and survival rates is not very close. Apparently, this is due both to the ability of C. harengus pallasi eggs to develop parthenogenetically and different qualities of eggs (which were obtained from different females). The morphological features of White Sea herring eggs, induced by experimental fresh-water influence, are very similar to those typical for herring eggs of the genus Ilisha, obtained from natural brackish waters. However, such changes are not characteristic of the eggs of forms from natural fresh and brackish-waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 6 (1970), S. 345-349 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of the weapon-test, fallout radionuclide iron-55 have been reported for migratory species, such as the Pacific salmon, which suggest a marked decrease in concentration with decrease in latitude of the point of capture. This situation has been examined for North Atlantic cod stocks in order to provide data for a species representative of a large geographical area, but divided into more or less distinct stocks each with a restricted territory, in order to provide further data on the importance of latitude in determining iron-55 concentrations. The data obtained show that there is a marked dependence upon latitude, Arctic cod averaging 90 pCi 55Fe/mg Fe compared with 15 pCi 55Fe/mg Fe for cod from middle latitudes. The mechanisms that could lead to such distribution are examined, and it is concluded that deposition of this radionuclide was exceptionally high over the sea in northern latitudes compared with its deposition on land, and that this pattern of deposition, taken together with the very high biological availability of the material at the time of deposition, has led to the very high specific activities found in northern latitudes and recorded for Arctic cod stocks in particular.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wurden die Succinatatmung und verschiedene Enzymaktivitäten des weißen Rückenmuskels von Goldorfen (goldgefärbte Zuchtform von Idus idus L.) bestimmt, welche an unterschiedliche Temperaturen adaptiert worden waren. 2. Bestimmungen der Enzymaktivitäten an Fischen einer Adaptationstemperatur ergaben an aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen zum Teil signifikant verschiedene Werte. Derartige Unterschiede konnten nicht auf Differenzen zwischen verschiedenen Fischgruppen oder auf Störungen durch das Herausfangen einiger Fische zurückgeführt werden (Abb. 2 und 3). 3. Bei Umadaptationsversuchen müssen tagesperiodische Schwankungen der Enzymaktivitäten berücksichtigt werden. Sie traten besonders bei der Isocitrat-Dehydrogenase auf. 4. Auch die Jahreszeit kann die Leistungsadaptation der Fermentaktivitäten beeinflussen; dies hängt möglicherweise mit der Tageslänge zusammen. 5. Bei der Succinatatmung im Warburgapparat zeigen langfristig an 5°C angepaßte Orfen einen um 10% höheren Wert als an 20°C adaptierte Individuen (Versuchstemperatur 25°C). Bei der Umadaptation von 20° nach 5°C (5 Co/Std) nähern sich die Werte nach anfänglichen Schwankungen denen der 5°C-Fische. 6. Nach einer Steigerung oder Senkung der Adaptationstemperatur (5 bzw. 2 Co/Std) traten—wie bei den abrupten Umsetzungen von Lehmann (1970a)—bei manchen Fermenten anfängliche Schwankungen auf; diese waren, auch wenn signifikant, nicht immer reproduzierbar. Der Temperaturwechsel hat eine zeitlich begrenzte Phase gesteigerter Labilität zur Folge.
    Notes: Abstract Succinate respiration and various enzyme activities were measured in the white dorsal muscles of golden orfs (goldcoloured race of Idus idus L.) adapted to different temperatures. Some of the values obtained on enzyme activities measured on successive days revealed significant differences in fish adapted to the same temperature. These differences could not be attributed to variations between experimental groups, nor to disturbances caused by the removal of some fish (Figs. 2 and 3). In adaptation experiments, attention must be paid to diurnal fluctuations in enzyme activity; such fluctuations were especially apparent with isocitrate-dehydrogenase. Season can also influence the level of enzyme activity, possibly through changes in day-length. Succinate respiration of golden orfs adapted to 5°C is about 10% higher than in individuals adapted to 20°C (experimental temperature 25°C). Following reverse adaptation from 20° to 5°C (at the rate of 5Co/h), the values approach, after fluctuations, those of 5°C individuals. After raising or lowering the adaptation temperature at the rate of 5 or 2 Co/h), fluctuations in several enzymes appeared initially, as in the abrupt transfers reported by Lehmann (1970a); even if significant, these were, however, not always reproducible. Change in temperature causes a limited phase of increased functional lability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 100-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of phytoplankton collections from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and the Damariscotta River, Maine, USA showed that statistically significant differences in population density can usually be demonstrated within any series of collections when the collecting interval is more than 10 cm. Individual species in any series are in general over-dispersed. Phytoplankton patches ranging in size from 〈1 m to 12 m were tentatively identified. No correlation was found between temperature or salinity and the small-scale distribution of individual species. Possible causes of the inhomogeneities observed in phytoplankton distributions are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Although acutely measured rate processes in coelenterates show close correlation with the Van't Hoff Q10 rule and the distribution of many coelenterate groups is correlated with temperature, little is known about coelenterate temperature adaptation. Analysis of lethal temperatures shows that the southern distribution of 3 species of North Atlantic actinians is correlated with their upper lethal temperature. Oxygen consumption data from acute measurements indicate conformity to the Q10 rule. Oxygen consumption data from animals pre-exposed to various temperatures indicate that oxygen consumption is capable of acclimation to temperature. Metridium senile from Massachusetts shows positive acclimation, typical of a poikilotherm partially regulating its metabolic rate in response to temperature change. Two species from Virginia, Haliplanella luciae and Diadumene leucolena, appear to show a reverse pattern. Their response includes encystment and negative adjustment of metabolic rate, showing evasion rather than regulation in response to environmental change. Temperature has a marked effect on parameters of the activity pattern of Diadumene leucolena, but the temperature sensitivity of activity is not correlated with that of oxygen consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 138-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been previously reported that many species of the order Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) contain algal chloroplasts within the cells of their digestive gland and maintain them in a symbiotic condition. In the present study, two species, Elysia hedgpethi Marcus and Placobranchus ianthobapsus Gould, were compared as to their abilities to retain functional chloroplasts in their tissues. Animals were starved for varying lengths of time, and the functional capacity of the plastids was ascertained at intervals. The chlorophyll content of whole animals, and the ability to incorporate 14CO2 were used as the assay for functional capacity. E. hedgpethi decreased in chlorophyll content during starvation until the tenth day, when no chlorophyll was detectable spectrophoto-metrically. Incorporation of 14CO2 paralleled the decline in chlorophyll, and was at control levels by the tenth day. P. ianthobapsus showed no decline in chlorophyll content over 27 days starvation, although the ability to incorporate 14CO2 showed a decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton productivity of the tidal estuaries and coastal waters of southern Nassau Country, Long Island, New York, USA was determined monthly at 28 stations during 1966. Diatoms alternated with dinoflagellates in dominating the standing crop in the coastal area. The estuaries were characterized by sustained blooms of green flagellates and dinoflagellates during the spring/summer period, 1966. Chlorophyll a ranged from 1.0 to 27.6 mg/m3 in the estuarine area, and 1.45 to 10.15 mg/m3 in adjacent coastal waters. Rate of phytosynthesis per unit weight chlorophyll a for surface samples in the region under study a veraged from 3.1 to 3.5 mgC/mg chlorophyll a/h. At light saturation, however, the ratio varied according to water temperature and species' composition. Primary productivity decreased seawards, with mean values for 1966 of 0.35, 0.22, and 0.16 gC/m3/d for the estuarine, nearshore and offshore areas, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Currently available information on the distribution of species of the opisthobranch orders Cephalaspidea, Nudibranchia and Sacoglossa (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean is presented. Except for Sacoglossa, the fauna is markedly amphiatlantic, but the temperate West Atlantic component increases southward and dominates south of New Jersey. Species' diversity of nudibranchs and cephalaspids on the continental shelf decreases between northern New England and Cape Hatteras in association with a southward decline in the proportion of amphiatlantic species. This is not evident for the cephalaspids of the continental slope, a higher percentage of which are amphiatlantic. The entire fauna is subdivided into 5 groups: arctic, boreo-subarctic, boreal, West Atlantic temperate, and West Atlantic tropical. The latter does not extend north of Cape Hatteras, but the remaining groups broadly overlap in the northwest Atlantic. The southward limits of amphiatlantic species are presented and related to sea surface temperatures. The thermal characteristics of a critical zone between Cape Cod and Connecticut are discussed, and a maximum temperature of 15 °C is suggested for successful reproduction of the boreo-subarctic component, and 25 °C for the boreal component. The distribution of boreal species on both sides of the North Atlantic is discussed, and a suggestion is made that the southward speread of these species in North America is limited by extreme summer warming south of New Jersey, despite favorable winter temperatures, which extend much farther south.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Marine phytoplankton forms are frequently exposed to sudden biological changes such as rapid rise in water temperature and chlorine content of their environment, resulting from the use of sea water for cooling purposes by electric generators. The direct influence of these effluents, i.e. inhibitory effects of high temperature and residual chlorine on growth and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas sp. and Skeletonema costatum, were investigated experimentally. Chlamydomonas sp. and S. costatum exposed to high temperatures were affected in their growth from 43° and 35°C, respectively, by immersion of the respective cultures in a warm bath for 10 min. Treatment at high temperatures of 40 °C and 30° ∼ 35°C for 10 min, influenced their photosynthetic activities, which were completely inhibited immediately after 10 min exposure at 42° and 37 °C, respectively. S. costatum was killed by chlorine at a concentration of 1.5 ∼ 2.3 ppm when exposed for exactly 5 or 10 min, while Chlamydomonas sp. was not irreversibly damaged even at 20 ppm chlorine or more with the same exposure period. These results lead to the conclusion that the high temperature of, and residual chlorine in, effuents from a power plant discharging into the open sea, should not cause great damage to marine phytoplankton in that area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 230-238 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of Tubiluchus corallicola (van der Land) in a lagoon on the East coast of Barbados, West Indies, is reported. 23 adult and 2 larval specimens were found in a sample taken from a subtidal stromatolite on which the animals presumably inhabited the algal surface layer. A comparison with data from earlier findings shows that the species is not confined to a particular type of substratum, yet morphologically it seems to be well adapted for a life in the interstitial sand habita. For the first time, living animals were observed and photographed. Their behavior and movements are briefly described and an account of morphological and histological details, as seen in squeezing preparations and photomicrographs, is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 93-99 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phytoplankton exudates into culture media and extracts from littoral algae are shown to contain significant quantities of extracellular materials having molecular weights in excess of 50,000. A recent development in experimental fluid mechanics (the reduction of turbulent friction coefficients of flowing solutions by dissolved macromolecules) has been utilized as a specific test for high molecular weight compounds. Phytoplankton species in all major algal groups could be found which exude high molecular weight compounds into their culture media; the red alga Porphyridium cruentum typically produced friction reductions as high as 60%. Seaweed samples in the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta showed major changes in turbulent friction coefficient; in some cases the friction was less than 1/2 that of pure seawater. All samples of the genus Porphyra and Gigartina produced substantial friction changes. From these experiments it is concluded that algal exudates can be a prominent source of high molecular weight compounds in the sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 131-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The anatomy of otophysic structures associated with the swimbladders of Carapus bermudensis, Onuxodon parvibrachium, and O. margaritiferae is strikingly similar to that of certain ophidiids and indicates common origins and close affinities between carapids and ophidiids. The suggested function of these structures is the production of sound. The apparent inquiline habits, lack of sexual dimorphism in sound-producing mechanisms, and specialized larval structures of carapids support the nominal separation of these families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 143-148 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various factors on byssal thread formation have been examined in the laboratory using Modiolus demissus and Mytilus edulis. With M. demissus thread formation (threads/mussel/h0 and proportion of mussels forming threads decreased with increasing size; prior exposure to air enhanced subsequent thread formation; mechanical agitation reduced thread formation. In addition, low salinity acclimated mussels adapted more rapidly to 32 ppt than high salinity acclimated mussels did to 16 ppt; threads were not formed in the absence of calcium and/or magnesium; and there was no reduction in thread formation at temperatures as high as 27° to 28°C. M. edulis died and thread formation approached zero at temperatures exceeding 26°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Primary production within the Baie des Chaleurs, Canada, is dominated by a cyclonic gyre system. The pattern of production fits the theoretical expectation of increased productivity associated with colder, nutrient-rich water being brought closer to the surface within the gyre. Upper reaches of the bay, west of the gyre, follow a normal esturine form of circulation with lower rates of production. East of the gyre, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, primary production is less.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 149-152 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have designed and installed a 7,500 l recirculating aquarium system for the purpose of maintaining marine gastropods in an inland laboratory. It is completely nonmetallic and can be adapted for any number of isolated living compartments. Vonvenient and efficient filtration is achieved by the use of disposable cartridge filters. The water temperature is regulated by a direct expansion cooling coil and a hot water heating coil without the intervention of secondary heat transfer fluids. Most of the water is stored in an underground reservoir which contributes to thermal stability, and the water temperature varies 〈±0.1°C per week. The pH and specific gravity remain at 8.0±0.1 and 1.023+0.002-0.001, respectively, for as long as 4 months. We have no evidence that any animal (Aplysia, Hermissenda, Tritonia) has died due to poor water quality. The system is constructed from readily available components, is moderate in cost, and has performed reliably for over 2 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Food selection by laboratory-reared larvae of scaled sardines Harengula pensacolae, and bay anchovies Anchoa mitchilli, was compared. Natural plankton was fed to the larvae during the 22 days following hatching. Food levels in the rearing tanks were maintained at an average of 1,600 to 1,800 potential food organisms per liter. Larvae of both species selected as food copepod nauplii, copepodites, and copepods; initial feeding was on organisms of 50 to 75 μ body width. Larvae of H. pensacolae averaged 4.2 mm in total length at hatching and those of A. mitchilli about 2.0 mm. H. pensacolae larvae grew about 1.0 mm per day and A. mitchilli 0.70 mm per day. The mean number of food organisms in each digestive tract was greater in H. pensacolae than in A. mitchilli, and the difference in number increased as the larvae grew. Average size of food organisms eaten increased for both species with growth, because of selection by the larvae; the average size of copepodites and copepods in digestive tracts increased at a faste rate in H. pensacolae than A. mitchilli. A. mitchilli longer than 8 mm did not eat copepod nauplii.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Ein Fotoschlitten für den Einsatz bis zu 6000 m Wassertiefe wird beschrieben. 2. Während eines Einsatzes über eine Strecke von 2 bis 20 sm können 3600 Bilder aufgenommen werden. Bei 2 kn Fahrt, einem Aufnahmewinkel von 45° und einer Bildfolgezeit von 1 sec entsteht eine lückenlose Bildfolge vom Meeresboden. 3. Erfolgreiche Einsätze sind bis 420 m Tiefe durchgeführt worden; sie werden durch Aufnahmen vom Plateau der Großen Meteor Bank belegt.
    Notes: Abstract A photosledge is described; it is 4 m long and 2 m wide and can be used also on an uneven sea bottom. In its foremost part a camera is mounted in a pressure sphere which has been tested for water depths down to 6,000 m. The camera system can hold 90 m of film; with an exposure size of 24x24 mm this accounts for 3,600 exposures. The time between 2 exposures may be varied from 1 to 10 sec and this allows to cover a distance of 2 to 20 nautical miles at a speed of 2 knots within 1 single mission. The photographic angle may be changed from vertical to horizontal. Best results have been obtained with angles of 30 and 45 degrees from the vertical. The electronic flash, with a power of 60 Wsec, is mounted below the camera. Successful work has been conducted in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea at depths between 40 and 50 m, on the continental slope off Portugal between depths of 140 and 240m, and on top of Great Meteor Seamount at depths between 280 and 350 m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 181-204 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. La distribution de l'oxygène et ses variations saisonnières dans les niveaux supérieurs en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale sont analysées sur la base des données hydrologiques, et en relation avec la distribution du phosphore minéral et les données de mesure de la production au moyen du 14C. Le maximum subsuperficiel associé à la thermocline dépend de facteurs physiques et biologiques. L'accroissement d'oxygène par activité photosynthétique est maximum dans la zone de divergence. Le calcul de la quantité d'oxygène biologique produite par mètre carré de surface est effectué en appliquant l'équation donnée par Redfield et al. (1963) après avoir évalué la variation vraie des concentrations en oxygène et phosphore minéral, en tenant compte des proportions du mélange à mi-profondeur entre l'eau d'hiver et l'eau du même niveau et de même densité. Ce procédé ayant nécessité l'analyse des différents diagrammes (T−O2, T−S, S−PO4 et S−O2) semble fournir des résultats satisfaisants. La quantité d'oxygène biologique calculée sur la base de la consommation de phosphore minéral en utilisant le rapport atomique ΔO/ΔP=-276 entre l'hiver et l'été dans la partie basse de la zone photosynthétique est du même ordre de gradeur que l'accroissement d'oxygène observé. Une production faible, l'accumulation de la plus grande partie d'oxygène biologique sous la thermocline ainsi que la consommation d'oxygène par régénération dans l'eau chaude superficielle font que le départ d'oxygène vers l'atmosphère est très faible. La vitesse de pénétration d'oxygène de l'atmosphère dans l'eau doit être élevée lorsque, par hiver très froid, le mélange vertical intense provoque une soussaturation importante des eaux de surface. 2. Les productions organiques annuelles basées sur la consommation directe des phosphates d'origine profonde constituent environ un quart de la production obtenue par la méthode au 14C. Le concept des production «nouvelle» et «régénérée» définies par Dugdale et Goering (1967) incite à procéder à de futures mesures d'assimilation des diverses formes d'azote en Méditerranée. 3. L'importance du mélange dans le sens vertical et son extension horizontale dans le bassin Nord-Occidental au cours d'un hiver froid laissent espérer un bilan de production «nouvelle», et done une biomasse planctonique nettement supérieurs à ceux observés en 1964, année caractérisée par un hiver précédent doux. 4. Compte tenu de la fertilité potentielle faible des eaux profondes (P−PO4=0.4 à 0,5μatg/l) la production peut être considérée comme relativement élevée. Etant donné que la teneur en phosphore des autres régions méditerranéennes est plus faible, la région de divergence du bassin Nord-Occidental est sans doute la plus fertile, les zones de dilution fluviatile exceptées.
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of oxygen and its seasonal variations in the upper layers of the Mediterranean Sea (northern part of the occidental basin) are analysed on the basis of hydrological features and in relation to phosphate distribution and data of 14C-uptake measurements. The well developed subsurface maximum of oxygen, associated with the summer thermocline, depends upon both physical and biological factors. The observed increase of oxygen through photosynthetic activity is maximal in the divergence zone. Biological oxygen content is calculated by applying the equation given by Redfield et al. (1963) after the oxygen and phosphate concentrations at various water depths have been computed, taking into account the proportions in which cold, winter water is mixed with water of the same depth and density. This is carried out by analysis of various diagrams (T−S, T−O2, S−PO4 and S−O2). The results obtained by this procedure seem to be satisfactory, since the O2 calculated on the basis of phosphate consumption (assuming a ΔO/ΔP ratio of-267:1) between winter and summer in the lower part of the photic zone is of the same order of magnitude as the observed oxygen increase. Low production, accumulation of the greatest part of the oxygen under the thermocline and supposed consumption by regeneration processes in the warm superficial water results in very low loss of oxygen into the atmosphere. The exchange rate of oxygen entering the water from the atmosphere can be expected to be intensive during a very cold winter, when the deep mixed layer results in undersaturation of the water surface. The yearly organic production by direct consumption of phosphates is about 1/4 of that obtained by the 14C-method. The concept of “new” and “regenerated” productions defined by Dugdale and Goering (1967) will be of use in future measurements of nitrogen uptake. The well recorded vertical mixing in the northern part of the western Mediterranean Basin which attains its maximum vertical and horizontal limits during extreme winter conditions, permits us to conclude that, in this region, the yearly balance of new production —more important for higher trophic levels — can be expected to be substantially higher than the yearly amount obtained when the preceding winter is as moderate as that of 1964. Production can be considered relatively high in regard to the low potential fertility of deep water (P−PO4≈-0.4-0.5 μatg/l). The latter is, nevertheless, the highest of those of all Mediterranean regions; the divergence zone of the western basin seems to be the most fertile, if fluvial dillution zones are excepted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 255-268 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A complex ecosystem of anaerobic and microaerobic properties underlies the oxidized surface layer of all marine sandy bottoms, with the exception of narrow “high-energy windows”. Investigations made on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, by T. Fenchel in Danish waters, and by R. Riedl and collaborators mainly in US (North Carolinian) waters; involve quantitative studies of plants, ciliates and invertebrates, measurements of chemical and physical parameters, systematics, physiological and model experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Freiwasserbeobachtungen im Indischen Ozean zeigten, daß auch der Labride Thalassoma amblycephalus (Bleeker), aktiv Anemonen aufsucht; einmal auf äußere Störungen hin, zum anderen spontan, um von Anemonen Nahrungspartikel abzuweiden, die diese zum Eigenverzehr gefangen haben. 2. Durch dieses Verhalten wird Thalassoma amblycephalus zum Nahrungsparasiten. 3. Es wird diskutiert, welche neuen Aspekte sich in evolutionistischer, phylogenetischer und populationsdynamischer Sicht für die Beurteilung des Zusammenlebens von Riffanemonen mit anderen Tieren aus der Tatsache ergeben, daß Thalassoma amblycephalus Anemonen aufsucht, obwohl er mit den bisher bekannten Anemonenfischen nicht verwandt ist.
    Notes: Abstract Observations in the Indian Ocean near Shimoni (Kenya) have added the labride Thalassoma amblycephalus (Bleeker) to the list of fishes which regularly visit sea-anemones. If disturbed, the fish seeks protection near the column or under the oral disk of anemones. It normally visits the anemones spontaneously, inspects the tentacles and picks up small food particles caught by the anemones; this behavior characterizes T. amblycephalus as a food parasite. New observations, and the fact that T. amblycephalus is a labride and not a pomacentride like the species of Amphiprion, Dascyllus and Premnas-other fishes known to establish associations with anemones-throw new light on the ecological importance of anemone-fish associations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At low temperature (3°C), and in the absence of substrate and cofactor, the enzyme, fructose diphosphatase (FDPase), extracted from liver of the benthic fishCoryphaenoides acrolepis, is reversibly inactivated by exposure to relatively low pressures (5,000 psi). At pressures of 20,000 psi at 3°C the native enzyme is irreversibly denatured. When the cofactor and the substrate are present, the enzyme is protected against pressure denaturation; hence, catalysis is insensitive to at least 10,000 psi at 3°C. Similarly, interactions between FDPase and its negative modulator adenosine monophosphate (AMP), are largely pressure insensitive. Pressure sensitivity of the native enzyme and of the catalytic process is much reduced at temperatures above about 9°C. The homologous enzyme from a surface fish,Pimelometopon pulchrum, is strikingly more sensitive to pressure, particularly at low temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The zonation ofStygocapitella subterranea Knoellner (Polychaeta, Stygocapitellidae) in sandy beaches is compared for several localities along the European coasts. In tidal beaches the species occupies a zone near average high tide level (AHTL), whereas in non-tidal beaches it is found at a fairly long distance from the water line. The regularities observed inS. subterranea indicate that the interstitial fauna may prove well suited for the establishment of a general scheme of zonation in sandy beaches analogous to that for rocky shores proposed byStephenson andStephenson (1949).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 324-331 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Acrosiphonia grandis Kjellm. ist morphologisch durch die gereihte Anordnung ihrer fertilen Zellen gut gekennzeichnet. 2. Aus den Zygoten entsteht ein Codiolum-artiges Stadium, das sich ohne fertil zu werden im Alter von etwa 24 Tagen unmittelbar zu einer neuenAcrosiphonia-Pflanze entwickelt. 3. Zweigeißelige positiv phototaktische Schwärmer entwickeln sich in gleicher Weise, jedoch stark verzögert. 4. Fakultative Karyogamie konnte beiAcrosiphonia grandis nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notes: Abstract Acrosiphonia granlis Kjellm, is well characterized by its long rows of intercalary fertile cells. Material obtained from Iceland proved to be very interesting by reason of its peculiar life history. The zygote develops into a codiolum-like stage, which grows directly into anAcrosiphonia thallus at an age of some 20 days without formation of swarmers. The same features have recently been demonstrated byJónsson (1967) in an Icelandic species, identified by him asAcrosiphonia sonderi. From his specimensJónsson described facultative caryogamy, ascertained by him formerly in otherAcrosiphonia species: its absence induces the above-mentioned development, giving rise to a generation of mictohaplonticAcrosiphonia. In contrast, true zygotes of “Acrosiphonia sonderi” develop into fertile codiolum cells, reproducing themselves by biflagellate swarmers. InA. grandis, facultative caryogamy has not been observed and nuclear fusion occurs in all zygotes. Codiolum stages never produced swarmers. The life history ofA. grandis represents an intermediate type between the heteromorphic cycle of species such asA. spinescens (including a true codiolumsporophyte), and the isomorphic life history ofA. arcta, where the zygote develops directly into the filamentous plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...