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  • Aerodynamics  (12)
  • Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance  (10)
  • 42.75
  • 1950-1954  (22)
  • 1951  (22)
  • 1
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    Empirical Relation Between Induced Velocity, Thrust, and Rate of Descent of a Helicopter Rotor as Determined by Wind-tunnel Tests on Four Model Rotors (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The empirical relation between the induced velocity, thrust, and rate of vertical descent of a helicopter rotor was calculated from wind tunnel force tests on four model rotors by the application of blade-element theory to the measured values of the thrust, torque, blade angle, and equivalent free-stream rate of descent. The model tests covered the useful range of C(sub t)/sigma(sub e) (where C(sub t) is the thrust coefficient and sigma(sub e) is the effective solidity) and the range of vertical descent from hovering to descent velocities slightly greater than those for autorotation. The three bladed models, each of which had an effective solidity of 0.05 and NACA 0015 blade airfoil sections, were as follows: (1) constant-chord, untwisted blades of 3-ft radius; (2) untwisted blades of 3-ft radius having a 3/1 taper; (3) constant-chord blades of 3-ft radius having a linear twist of 12 degrees (washout) from axis of rotation to tip; and (4) constant-chord, untwisted blades of 2-ft radius. Because of the incorporation of a correction for blade dynamic twist and the use of a method of measuring the approximate equivalent free-stream velocity, it is believed that the data obtained from this program are more applicable to free-flight calculations than the data from previous model tests.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-TN-2474
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Preliminary Investigation of a New Type of Supersonic Inlet (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A supersonic inlet with supersonic deceleration of the flow entirely outside of the inlet is considered. A particular arrangement with fixed geometry having a central body with a circular annular intake is analyzed, and it is shown theoretically that this arrangement gives high pressure recovery for a large range of Mach number and mass flow and therefore is practical for use on supersonic airplanes and missiles. For some Mach numbers the drag coefficient for this type of inlet is larger than the drag coefficient for the type of inlet with supersonic compression entirely inside, but the pressure recovery is larger for all flight conditions. The differences in drag can be eliminated for the design Mach number. Experimental results confirm the results of the theoretical analysis and show that pressure recoveries of 95 percent for Mach numbers of 1.33 and 1.52, 92 percent for a Mach number of 1.72, and 86 percent for a Mach number of 2.10 are possible, with the configurations considered. If the mass flow decreases, the total drag coefficient increases gradually and the pressure recovery does not change appreciably. The results of this work were first presented in a classified document issued in 1946.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TN-2286
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Systematic Two-Dimensional Cascade Tests of NACA 65-Series Compressor Blades at Low Speeds (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The performance of NACA 65-series compressor blade section in cascade has been investigated systematically in a low-speed cascade tunnel. Porous test-section side walls and for high-pressure-rise conditions, porous flexible end walls were employed to establish conditions closely simulating two-dimensional flow. Blade sections of design lift coefficients from 0 to 2.7 were tested over the usable angle-of-attack range for various combinations of inlet-flow angle. A sufficient number of combinations were tested to permit interpolation and extrapolation of the data to all conditions within the usual range of application. The results of this investigation indicate a continuous variation of blade-section performance as the major cascade parameters, blade camber, inlet angle, and solidity were varied over the test range. Summary curves of the results have been prepared to enable compressor designers to select the proper blade camber and angle of attack when the compressor velocity diagram and desired solidity have been determined.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-TR-1368 , NACA-RM-L51G31
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  • 4
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    Wind-tunnel investigation of the descent characteristics of bodies of revolution simulating anti-personnel bombs (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free spinning tunnel to study the relative behavior in descent of a number of homogeneous balsa bodies of revolution simulating anti-personnel bombs with a small cylindrical exploding device suspended approximately 10 feet below the bomb. The bodies of revolution included hemispherical, near-hemispherical, and near-paraboloid shapes. The ordinates of one near-paraboloid shape were specified by the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army. The behavior of the various bodies without the cylinder was also investigated. The results of the investigation indicated that several of the bodies descended vertically with their longitudinal axis, suspension line, and small cylinder in a vertical attitude,. However, the body, the ordinates of which had been specified by the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army, oscillated considerably from a vertical attitude while descending and therefore appeared unsuitable for its intended use. The behavior of this body became satisfactory when its center of gravity was moved well forward from its original position. In general, the results indicated that the descent characteristics of the bodies of revolution become more favorable as their shapes approached that of a hemisphere.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51L13
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  • 5
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    A Flight Investigation of the Damping in Roll and Rolling Effectiveness Including Aeroelastic Effects of Rocket Propelled Missile Models Having Cruciform, Triangular, Interdigitated Wings and Tails (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The damping in roll and rolling effectiveness of two models of a missile having cruciform, triangular, interdigitated wings and tails have been determined through a Mach number range of 0.8 to 1.8 by utilizing rocket-propelled test vehicles. Results indicate that the damping in roll was relatively constant over the Mach umber range investigated. The rolling effectiveness was essentially constant at low supersonic speeds and increased with increasing mach numbers in excess of 1.4 over the Mach number range investigated. Aeroelastic effects increase the rolling-effectiveness parameters pb/2V divided by delta and decrease both the rolling-moment coefficient due to wing deflection and the damping-in-roll coefficient.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L51D16
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The Effect of Nose Shape on the Drag of Bodies of Revolution at Zero Angle of Attack (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-16
    Description: The subject of this paper is the drag of the nose section of bodies of revolution at zero angle of attack. The magnitude of the nose drag in relation to the total drag is very distinctly a function of the body design and the Mach number. It can range from a very small fraction of the total drag of the order of 10 percent to a very large fraction as high as 80 percent. The natural objective of nose design is to minimize the drag, but this objective is not always the primary one. Sometimes other factors overshadow the desire for minimum drag. The most conspicuous example of this is the proposal of guidance engineers that large-diameter spheres and other very blunt shapes be used at the nose tip. This paper will attempt to discuss both phases of the problem, noses for minimum drag and noses with very blunt tips. The state of the theory will also be reviewed and recent theoretical developments described, since the theory still remains a very valuable tool for assaying the effects of compromises in design and departure from shapes for which experimental data are available.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Aerodynamic Characteristics of Bodies at Supersonic Speeds: A Collection of Three Papers; 1-12; NACA-RM-A51J25|NACA Conference on Aerodynamic Design Problems of Supersonic Guided Missiles; Oct 02, 1951 - Oct 03, 1951; Moffett Field, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Tank Investigation of the Grumman JRF-5 Airplane Equipped with Twin Hydro-Skis TED No. NACA DE 357 (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A tank investigation has been conducted on a 1/8-size powered dynamic model of the Grumman JRF-5 airplane equipped with twin hydro-skis. The results of tests using two types of skis are presented: one had vertical sides joining the top surface to the chine; the other had the top surface faired to the chine to eliminate the vertical sides. Both configurations had satisfactory longitudinal stability although the model had a slightly greater stable elevator range available when the skis without the vertical sides were attached. Free model tests indicated no instability present when one ski emerged before the other. Considerable excess thrust was available at all speeds with either type of skis. A hump gross load-resistance ratio of 3.37 was obtained with the skis with the vertical sides and 3.53 with the other skis. Landing behavior in smooth water with yaw up to 15deg and roll up to 15deg in opposite directions was satisfactory with either type of skis.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA RM-SL52D17
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  • 8
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    An Investigation of the Aerodynamic Characteristics in Pitch of an XB-52 Airplane Model in a High-Speed Wind Tunnel (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A wind-tunnel investigation of a 0.049-scale model of the Boeing XB-52 airplane was made at Mach numbers from 0.30 to 0.925 and at corresponding Reynolds numbers from about 2.3 x 10(exp 6) to 4.3 x 10(exp 6). The results of the investigation indicate satisfactory static longitudinal stability throughout the test Mach-number range and some loss in tail effectiveness beginning at about 0.80 Mach number. A comparison of the results of these tests with those of the same model in the Boeing Airplane Company's wind tunnel showed close agreement of lift- and drag-divergence Mach numbers. Slight differences were observed in tail effectiveness and the position of the stick-fixed neutral point.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SA51C16
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  • 9
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    Supplementary Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/30-Scale Model of the Grumman XF10F-1 Airplane in the Swept-Wing Configuration with Slats Extended (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A supplementary investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel of a 1/30 -scale model of the Grumman XFlOF-1 airplane to determine what effect full-span slats would have on the spin-recovery characteristics of the swept-wing version of the XFlOF-1 airplane, which had previously been indicated as possessing undesirable spin-recovery characteristics without slats. The effects of extended nose-wheel doors and of fairing the air-duct inlets were also determined. The results indicated that, with slats fully extended, satisfactory recovery could be obtained by rudder reversal provided it was accompanied by movement of the trimmer ailerons to full with the spin (only up-going spoiler operative), Extension of the nose-wheel doors or fairing of the air-duct inlets did not improve the recovery characteristics.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51G19
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  • 10
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    Damping in a Roll of a Missile Configuration with a Modified Triangular Wing and a Cruciform Tail at a Mach Number of 1.52 (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The damping-in-Toll stability derivatives of a missile configuration and its components were determined both experimentally and theoretically. The tests were conducted at a Mach number of 1.52 and at a Reynolds number, based on the mean aerodynamic chord of the wing, of 0.82 x 10(exp 6). The experimental damping derivative of the wing-body combination was 67 percent of the theoretical value. The difference is believed to have resulted mainly from the fact that the theory is not strictly applicable when the Mach number normal to the leading edge is almost unity, which was the case in the present investigation. For the tail-body combination the damping derivative was 86 percent of the theoretical value. In this case, the difference is believed to have been caused partially by mutual interference between the tail surfaces and partially by the low Reynolds number of the flow over the tail. It was found that the damping of the complete configuration was not equal to the sum of the damping derivatives of the components because of the effect of the wing downwash on the damping of the tail.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A51A03
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  • 11
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    Lift, Drag, and Pitching Moment of Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings at Subsonic and Supersonic Speeds: Triangular Wing of Aspect Ratio 2 with NACA 0005-63 Thickness Distribution, Cambered and Twisted for a Trapezoidal Span Load Distribution (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-17
    Description: A wing-body combination having a plane triangular wing of aspect ratio 2 with NACA 0005-63 thickness distribution in streamwise planes, and twisted and cambered for a trapezoidal span load distribution has been investigated at both subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. The lift, drag, and pitching moment of the model are presented for Mach numbers from 0.60 to 0.90 and 1.30 to 1.70 at a Reynolds number of 3.0 million. The variations of the characteristics with Reynolds number are also shown for several Mach numbers.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A50K27a
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  • 12
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    Ditching Investigation of a 1/24-Scale Model of the Douglas C-124 Airplane (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation of a 1/24- scale dynamically similar model of the Douglas C-124 airplane was made to determine the ditching characteristics and proper technique for ditching the airplane. Various conditions of damage, landing attitude, flap setting, and speed were investigated. The behavior of the model was determined from visual observations, motion- picture records, and time-history deceleration records. The results of the investigation are presented in table form, photographs, and curves. It was concluded on the basis of results from model tests with scale-strength bottoms (equivalent to 1150 pounds per square foot, full scale) that the airplane should be ditched at a medium nose-high landing attitude (near 7deg) with flaps full down. The airplane will probably make a smooth run with considerable damage resulting to the fuselage bottom just forward of the wing, but it is not likely that the water inflow will be overwhelming to personnel provided they are not in the belly compartment. Longitudinal decelerations in calm water will be about 2 1/2g and the landing run will be about four fuselage lengths.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51F20
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  • 13
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    Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Flying-Boat Hull Having a Length-Beam Ratio of 15, TED No. NACA 2206 (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: An investigation was made in the Langley 300 MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of a flying-boat hull of a length-beam ratio of 15 in the presence of a wing. The investigation was an extension of previous tests made on hulls of length-beam ratios of 6, 9, and 12; these hulls were designed to have approximately the same hydrodynamic performance with respect to spray and resistance characteristics. Comparison with the previous investigation at lower length-beam ratios indicated a reduction in minimum drag coefficients of 0.0006 (10 peroent)with fixed transition when the length-beam ratio was extended from 12 to 15. As with the hulls of lower length-beam ratio, the drag reduction with a length-beam ratio of 15 occurred throughout the range of angle of attack tested and the angle of attack for minimum drag was in the range from 2deg to 3deg. Increasing the length-beam ratio from 12 to 15 reduced the hull longitudinal instability by an mount corresponding to an aerodynamic-center shift of about 1/2 percent of the mean aerodynamic chord of the hypothetical flying boat. At an angle of attack of 2deg, the value of the variation of yawing-moment coefficient with angle of yaw for a length-beam ratio of 15 was 0.00144, which was 0.00007 larger than the value for a length-beam ratio of 12.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-L6J24
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  • 14
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    The Design of Variable Mach Number Asymmetric Super-Sonic Nozzles by Two Procedures Employing Inclined and Curved Sonic Lines (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: Two theoretical procedures are developed for designing asymmetric supersonic nozzles for which the calculated exit flow is nearly uniform over a range of Mach numbers. One procedure is applicable at Mach numbers less than approximately 3. This approach yields, without iteration, a nozzle for which the calculated exit flow is uniform at two Mach numbers and, with proper design, is nearly uniform at Mach numbers between, slightly above, and slightly below these two. The use of an inclined and curved sonic line is an essential feature of this approach, The second procedure requires iteration and is used far designs at Mach numbers exceeding 3. Although it is not a necessary feature, an inclined and curved sonic line is also used in this procedure. In both approaches the flow field dawn stream of the sonic line is determined using the method of characteristics.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-A51A19
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  • 15
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    Large-Scale Flight Measurements of Zero-Lift Drag at Mach Numbers from 0.87 to 1.39 of 1/10-Scale Models of the Northrop MX-775A Missile (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A flight investigation was made at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds and at high Reynolds numbers to determine the zero-lift drag of a 1/10-scale model of the Northrop MX-775A missile and a scale model of the missile fuselage. The model of the complete configuration has a 45deg swept wing of aspect ratio 5.5 and a 33deg swept vertical fin. The body model was stabilized by three 45deg swept fins. The-drag-rise Mach number for the model of the complete configuration was approximately 0.96. The drag coefficient based on total wing area was 0.0330 at Mach number 1.39. The drag coefficient of the body model less fin drag was approximately 55 percent that of the complete model at the same Mach number. Addition of the wing to the fuselage apparently resulted in a favorable drag interference near Mach number 1.0.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51K07
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  • 16
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    Preliminary Results Obtained from Flight Test of a 1/7-Scale Rocket-Powered Model of the Grumman XF10F Airplane Configuration in the Swept-Wing Condition, TED No. NACA DE 354 (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A flight investigation of a 1/7-scale rocket-powered model of the XF10F Grumman XFl0F airplane in the swept-wing configuration has been made. The purpose of this test was to determine the static longitudinal stability, damping in pitch, and longitudinal control effectiveness of the airplane with the center of gravity at 20 percent of the wing mean aerodynamic chord. Only a small amount of data was obtained from the test because, immediately after booster separation at a Mach number of 0.88, the configuration was directionally unstable and diverged in sideslip. Simultaneous with the sideslip divergence, the model became longitudinally unstable at 3 degree angle of attack and -6 degree sideslip and diverged in pitch to a high angle of attack. During the pitch-up the free-floating horizontal tail became unstable at 5 degree angle of attack and the tail drifted against its positive deflection limit.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL52I25
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  • 17
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    Tank Investigation of the EDO Model 142 Hydro-Ski Research Airplane (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-11
    Description: A tank investigation has been conducted of a 1/10-size powered-dynamic model of the Edo model 142 hydra-ski research airplane. The results of tests of two configurations are presented: One included a large ski and a ski well; the other, a small ski without a well. Water take-offs would be possible with the available thrust for either configuration: however, the configuration with the large ski emerged sooner and had less resistance from ski emergence until take-off. Longitudinal stability and landing behavior in smooth water were satisfactory for both configurations. Some alteration to the design of the tail would be desirable in order to reduce the spray loads.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL51I24
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  • 18
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    Base Pressure on Wings and Bodies with Turbulent Boundary Layers (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: At present there is no satisfactory theory for calculating the pressure which acts at the blunt base of an object traveling at supersonic velocity. In fact, the essential mechanism determining the base pressure is only imperfectly understood. As a result, the existing knowledge of base pressure is based almost entirely on experiments. The main object of this paper is to summarize the principal results of the many wind tunnel and free flight measurements of base pressure on both bodies of revolution and blunt trailing edge airfoils. A relatively simple method of estimating base pressure is presented, and an indication is given as to how the characteristics of base pressure play an essential role in determining the shape of an aerodynamically efficient object for supersonic flight.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: Aerodynamic Characteristics of Bodies at Supersonic Speeds: A Collection of Three Papers; 13-30; NACA-RM-A51J25|NACA Conference on Aerodynamic Design Problems of Supersonic Guided Missiles; Oct 02, 1951 - Oct 03, 1951; Moffett Field, CA; United States
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  • 19
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    Flow Over Inclined Bodies (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: It has been shown that the circumferential pressure distributions for the inclined body and circular cylinder deviate from their respective theoretical inviscid distributions on the lee or downstream side in the same manner. With the aid of visual flow techniques, it has been shown that there is a shedding of vortices within the crossflow field of the inclined body. It has also been found that the vortex configuration depoends to a large extent on the shape of the nose of the body. To illustrate this, vapor screen pictures were made and results are discussed.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA Conference on Aerodynamic Design Problems of Supersonic Guided Missiles; Oct 02, 1951 - Oct 03, 1951; Moffett Field, CA; United States|Aerodynamic Characteristics of Bodies at Supersonic Speeds: A Collection of Three Papers; 31-44; NACA-RM-A51J25
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  • 20
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    Aerodynamic Characteristics of Bodies at Supersonic Speeds: A Collection of Three Papers (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The three papers collected here are: 'The Effect of Nose Shape on the Drag of Bodies of Revolution at Zero Angle of Attack.', 'Base Pressure on Wings and Bodies with Turbulent Boundary Layers', and 'Flow over Inclined Bodies'. The subject of the first paper is the drag of the nose section of bodies of revolution at zero angle of attack. The main object of the second paper is to summarize the prinicpal results of the many wind tunnel and free flight measurements of base pressure on both bodies of revolution and blunt trailing edge airfoils.
    Keywords: Aerodynamics
    Type: NACA-RM-A51J25
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  • 21
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    Investigation to Determine the Effectiveness of a Split-Aileron Type Emergency Spin-Recovery Device for the Northrop XF-89 Airplane (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The present paper presents the results of a brief investigation made to determine the effectiveness of a proposed emergency spin-recovery device to be used during demonstration spins of the Northrop XF -89 airplane. The proposed device makes use of split-type ailerons deflected +/-60deg on the outboard wing (left wing in a right spin). Tests made on a model which represented the airplane to a scale of 7 indicated that, if an uncontrollable spin is obtained in the design gross--weight loading, the device is not sufficiently effective to insure recovery,
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-SL-51H24
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  • 22
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    Error in Airspeed Measurement Due to Static-Pressure Field Ahead of the Wing Tip of a Swept-Wing Airplane Model at Transonic Speeds (1951)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: As part of a study of means of airspeed measurement at transonic speeds the use of static orifices located ahead of the wing tip has been investigated for possible application to service or research airspeed installations. The local static pressure and local Mach number have been measured at a distance of 1 tip chord ahead of the wing tip of a model of a swept-wing fighter airplane at true Mach numbers between 0.7 and 1.08 by the NACA wing-flow method. All measurements were made at or near zero lift. The local Mach number was found to be essentially equal to the true Mach numbers less than about 0.90. The local Mach number was found to be about 0.97 at a true Mach number of 0.95, and to be about 1.04 at a true Mach number of 1.08. The local Mach number provided a reasonable sensitive measure of true Mach number except for a restricted region near a true Mach number of 1.0 where the local Mach number did not change appreciably with true Mach number. The linear theory was found to predict qualitatively the effect of the fuselage on the static pressure ahead of the wing time but gave a reasonable prediction of the effect of the wing on the static pressure only at Mach numbers below 0.95.
    Keywords: Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NACA-RM-L50L28
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