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  • 04.08. Volcanology  (13)
  • 04.06. Seismology  (9)
  • 05.09. Miscellaneous  (2)
  • Creep observations and analysis
  • Software Engineering
  • Triticum aestivum
  • Elsevier  (13)
  • Nature PG  (4)
  • Springer  (4)
  • Wiley  (2)
  • EGU - Copernicus
  • Wiley-AGU
  • 2020-2024  (23)
  • 2015-2019
  • 2024  (23)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024  (23)
  • 2015-2019
Year
  • 1
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    Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165367
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Nature and origin of an undetected seismic phase in waveforms from Southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes: First evidence for the phase-A in the subducted Uppermost Lithospheric Mantle? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: We have found a previously unreported later seismic phase in seismograms of European seismic stations from intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone. We observe this phase at stations from 6 to 9◦ from the epicentre, towards north. Only seismograms of earthquakes located in a welldefined region of the slab, in the depth range of 215–320 km, show the later x-phase. In this work, we describe the nature and possible origin of this phase, and we provide a simple 2D model to explain the observed arrival times. Our analyses reveal that the x-phase propagates downward in a high velocity layer, possibly located within the deepest part of the slab. We suggest that this layer reveals the presence of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate phase A, introduced from petrological laboratory experiments, inferred to carry water in the upper mantle and predicted to be found in cold subduction zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229919
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; Mineral phase A ; Intermediate and deep seismicity ; Waveforms analyses ; Later seismic arrival/phase ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Benchmarking a new 2.5D shallow water model for lava flows (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Lava flows associated with effusive volcanic eruptions require accurate modelling in order to forecast potential paths of destruction. This study presents a new depth-averaged model that overcomes the classical shallow water hypothesis by incorporating several enhancements, allowing for a more precise representation of the flow dynamics and behaviour: (i) a parabolic profile which captures the vertical variations in velocity within the flow; (ii) a non-constant vertical profile for temperature, enabling a more realistic representation of thermal gradients within the flowing lava; (iii) a viscoplastic temperature-dependent viscosity model to account for the non-Newtonian behaviour of lava; (iv) a transport equation for temperature accounting for the thermal heat exchanges with the environment and the soil. The first two modifications allow us to describe, under reasonable assumptions, the vertical structure of the flow, and for this reason, we put our model in the class of 2.5D models. To assess the performance of our modified model, comprehensive benchmark tests are conducted using both laboratory experiments and real-world lava flow data related to the 2014–2015 Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde, effusive eruption. The benchmarking analysis demonstrates that this model accurately reproduces, with short execution times, essential flow features such as flow front advancement and cooling processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107935
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flows ; numerical model ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Experimental insights on the shear-induced crystallization of a phonotephrite magma (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-20
    Description: In active volcanic environments magmas that ascend within the conduit and erupt at the surface as lava flows experience physico-chemical perturbations related to temperature changes and variable degrees of deformation. We have conducted experimental investigations to examine the concurrent effects of undercooling and stirring on the crystallization kinetics of a leucite-bearing phonotephrite from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy). Two sets of undercooling experiments have been carried out within the same temperature range of 1300–1150 °C. The first set involved classical static undercooling (SU) experiments with no stirring applied to the melt, while the second set involved dynamic undercooling (DU) experiments with a shear strain rate of 1 s−1 applied. By comparing SU and DU results with previous data from literature obtained using the same experimental approach, we observe that the degree of crystallization and the textural evolution of leucite and clinopyroxene progress upon the effect of melt stirring by shortening the incubation time. As a result, the solidification process is markedly enhanced in DU experiments, accompanied by a substantial increase in the crystal nucleation density and growth rate. Thermorheological modeling indicates that stirring-induced crystallization increases the melt viscosity by a factor of ∼1.5–4.5 depending on the system temperature. At a given temperature, mass transport can therefore produce higher crystallinity and higher viscosity magmatic suspensions than static crystallization conditions. We document that if subsequent cooling occurs, the existing crystal cargo in such suspensions may promote the onset of non-Newtonian rheological response, causing a transition from homogeneous viscous flow to shear localization and magma/lava rupture.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121682
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: crystallization ; shear rate ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    A review of plagioclase growth rate and compositional evolution in mafic alkaline magmas: Guidelines for thermometry, hygrometry, and timescales of magma dynamics at Stromboli and Mt. Etna (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: Mafic alkaline magmas, such as those feeding the persistent eruptive activity of Stromboli and Mt. Etna volcanoes in Italy, are dominated by the crystallization of plagioclase via cooling and degassing phenomena related to the dynamics of shallow crustal reservoirs and eruptive conduits. Because plagioclase textures and compositions are extremely sensitive to the changes of intensive variables in subvolcanic plumbing systems, the phenomenological variability of erupted crystals preserves detailed evidence of complex growth histories. From this point of view, we reappraise the textural maturation and compositional complexity of plagioclase by allying thermodynamic and kinetic principles to natural and experimental observations, with the purpose of drawing up guidelines for reconstructing magma dynamics in mafic alkaline volcanic settings. A multifaceted statistical method is adopted to parameterize the decay of crystal growth rate with increasing crystallization time, as relaxation kinetics prevails over melt supersaturation effects. This model parameterization is combined with the textural analysis of natural plagioclase crystals to quantify the residence time of phenocrysts in equilibrium with magmas at Stromboli and Mt. Etna and/or the timescale of rapid microlite growth during disequilibrium ascent of magmas within the conduit. The role played by temperature and melt-water content on plagioclase components and major cation substitution mechanisms is also evaluated under both isobaric-isothermal and decompression conditions. The emerging paradigm is that the influence of dissolved water on anorthite-albite exchange between plagioclase and melt is overwhelmingly mitigated by changes in temperature at conditions of P = 30–300 MPa, T = 1050–1150 °C, fO2 = NNO + 1.9-NNO + 2.3, and melt-H2O = 0.6–4.4 wt%. As a corollary, anorthite and albite melt activities are almost fully encapsulated in the variation of anhydrous melt components as the crystallization of plagioclase proceeds during magma cooling. Following this line of reasoning, we propose an integrated modeling approach to decipher complex zoning patterns in natural plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic alkaline eruptions. Key findings from our re-assessment of equilibrium, thermometric, and hygrometric models indicate that temperature and dissolved water can be iteratively estimated for different plagioclase textural patterns if crystals are sufficiently strongly zoned and probability-based criteria are applied to determine the maximum probability distribution from kernel density analysis.
    Description: Natural Environment research Council UK grant NE/T009292/1; INGV Progetti Ricerca Libera 2019 Grant #52/2020; INGV Departmental Strategic Project UNO; PRIN MIUR Grant #2017J277S9_004.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104399
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mafic alkaline magmas ; Plagioclase growth rate parameterization ; Plagioclase-based thermometry and hygrometry ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Seismic anisotropy to investigate lithospheric-scale tectonic structures and mantle dynamics in southern Italy (2024)
    Nature PG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Subduction zones may be characterised by deep-seated tectonic structures whose effects propagate to the upper plate through faulting and magmatism. The overall geodynamic framework, as well as the roots of the many active faults affecting such regions, can be investigated by the study of the upper mantle anisotropic patterns, through the analysis of core-transiting teleseismic phases. Here, we discuss the results of XKS waves splitting observed in the central Mediterranean, particularly in southern Italy, which is characterised by the Adriatic-Ionian subduction system. Azimuths of polarisation of the fast wave (fast directions) were found to be generally trench-parallel, as an effect of the subducting slab, albeit a change to a perpendicular direction, in central Italy and Sicily, suggests discontinuities in the structure of the slab itself. However, while in central Italy a gradual rotation of fast directions points to a toroidal upper mantle flow through a tear in the Apenninic slab, in central-eastern Sicily, the splitting parameters show an abrupt change that matches well with the main crustal tectonic structures. There, the rapid trench migration, taking place at the transition between the subduction and continental collision domains, produced a rather complex Subduction Transform Edge Propagator fault system. The sharp variation in the pattern of the upper mantle anisotropy marks the main element of such a fault system and suggests its primary role in the segmentation process of the collisional margin. Our findings further show that the study of seismic anisotropy may be fundamental in investigating whether tectonic structures only involve the crust or extend down to the upper mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 20932
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; Southern Itlay ; XKS waves splitting ; Active Subduction Systems ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Low-cost MEMS accelerometers for earthquake early warning systems: A dataset collected during seismic events in central Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: This article describes a dataset of acceleration signals acquired from a low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) during seismic events that occurred in Central Italy. The WSN consists of 5 low-cost sensor nodes, each embedding an ADXL355 tri-axial MEMS accelerometer with a fixed sampling frequency of 250 Hz. The data was acquired from February 2023 to the end of June 2023. During this period, several earthquake sequences affected the area where the sensor network was installed. Continuous data was acquired from the WSN and then trimmed around the origin time of seismic events that occurred near the installation site, close to the city of Pollenza (MC), Italy. A total of 67 events were selected, whose data is available at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Seismology data center. The traces acquired from the WSN were then manually annotated by analysts from INGV. Annotations include picking time for P and S phases, when distinguishable from the background noise, alongside an associated uncertainty level for the manual annotations. The resulting dataset consists of 328 3 × 25,001 arrays, each associated with its metadata. The metadata includes event data (hypocenter position, origin time, magnitude, magnitude type, etc.), trace-related data (mean, median, maximum, and minimum amplitudes, manual picks, and picks uncertainty), and sensor-specific data (sensor name, sensitivity, and orientation). Furthermore, a small dataset consisting of non-seismic traces is included, with the goal of providing records of noise-only traces, relative to both electronic and environmental/anthropic noise sources. The dataset holds potential for training and developing Machine Learning or signal processing algorithms for seismic data with low signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, it is valuable for research about earthquakes, structural health monitoring, and MEMS accelerometer performance in civil and seismic engineering applications.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110174
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake early warning; Internet of things; MEMS accelerometers; Structural health monitoring; Wireless sensor network ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 05.02. Data dissemination ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Enhancing detection of volcanic ash clouds from space with convolutional neural networks (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Volcanic ash cloud detection is a crucial component of volcano monitoring and a valuable tool for investigating ash cloud dispersion, which is paramount for enhancing the safety of human settlements and air traffic. The latest generation of high-resolution satellite sensors (e.g., EUMETSAT MSG Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager, SEVIRI) provides radiometric estimates for monitoring volcanic clouds on a global scale efficiently and timely. However, these radiometric intensities are not always discriminative enough to detect volcanic ash clouds due to the spectral limitations of these instruments and the complex nature of some volcanic clouds, such as low concentration resulting in an averaged detected radiometric estimate comparable to the background. Here, we evaluate the ability of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect and track the dispersion of volcanic ash clouds into the atmosphere, exploiting a variety of spatial and spectral intensity information mainly coming from SEVIRI Ash RGB images. We train a deep CNN model through transfer learning, and demonstrate that the trained models overcome the limitations of algorithms based solely on pixel intensity, whether traditional or machine learning, resulting in increased performance compared to other methods. We illustrate the operation of this model using the paroxysmal explosive events that occurred at Mt. Etna between 2020 and 2022.
    Description: Published
    Description: 108046
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Volcano explosive eruptions ; satellite remote sensing ; volcanic ash clouds ; machine learning ; deep learning ; Etna volcano ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Qβ, Qc, Qi, Qs of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: We have provided the first estimate of scat- tering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Prom- ontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with M L ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrin- sic Q i and scattering Q s quality factors with the Wen- nerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors ( Q 𝛽 , Q c ) in the same volume of crust. Q 𝛽 parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki 1980) and Q c factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from T start = 1.5T S up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time T L ). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The Q c values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated Q i are comparable to the Q c at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The Q s parameter shows higher values than Q i , except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a pre- dominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between Q i and Q c allows us to interpret the high Q c anomaly previ- ously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earth- quake foci fall in high Q i areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 827-846
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation · Coda normalization method · Intrinsic quality factor · Scattering quality factor · Southern Italy · Gargano Promontory · OTRIONS seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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