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  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • Springer
  • 2020-2024  (49)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984
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  • 2024  (49)
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  • 2020-2024  (49)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1965-1969
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  • 1
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    Cultural Change in Post-Migrant Societies (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The volume offers insights into new theoretical approaches that should make it possible to analyse cultural change through migration. It focuses on concrete activities in local contexts and their significance for national narratives. Finally, it presents newer approaches in migration studies that use artistic methods and work with cultural institutions to drive cultural change.
    Description: Der Band bietet Einblick in neue theoretische Ansätze, die ermöglichen sollen, kulturellen Wandel durch Migration zu analysieren. Er richtet den Blick auf konkrete Aktivitäten in lokalen Kontexten und deren Bedeutung für nationale Narrative. Abschließend präsentiert er neuere Ansätze in der Migrationsforschung, die sich künstlerischer Methoden bedienen und mit kulturellen Institutionen zusammenarbeiten, um kulturelle Veränderung voranzutreiben.
    Keywords: Migration; Postmigration; kultureller Wandel; Kunst; Kultur ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN (5) -- Soziologie (504) -- Soziologie (5040) -- Migrationsforschung (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (605) -- Andere Geisteswissenschaften (6050) -- Kulturwissenschaft (605004) ; Migration; postmigration; cultural change; art; culture ; ÖFOS 2012 -- SOCIAL SCIENCES (5) -- Sociology (504) -- Sociology (5040) -- Migration research (504021) ; ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- Other Humanities (605) -- Other Humanities (6050) -- Cultural studies (605004)
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Phase Field Modeling of Cracks in Ice (2024)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, 24 p., pp. 281-304, ISBN: 9783031455537
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Calving of iceberg at ice shelves and floating glacier tongues is a poorly understood process, hence a physically motivated calving law is not yet existing. The demands on developing appropriate models for calving is large, as calving rates are needed for large scale ice sheet models that simulate the evolution of ice sheets. Here, we present a new approach for simulating fracture in ice. Our model is based on a finite strain theory for a viscoelastic Maxwell material, as the large simulation time leads to high strains. The fracturing process is simulated using a fracture phase field model that takes into account the elastic strain energy. We conduct simulations for a typical calving front geometry, with ice rises governing the formation of cracks. To represent the stress state adequately, we first conduct a spin-up to allow the viscous contribution to develop before the fracture phase field is computed. The analysis comprises the assessment of the crack path in comparison to observations, the influence of the spin-up, as well as elastic versus viscous strain contributions based on Hencky strain. Additionally, an estimate of released energy based on high resolution optical imagery of a Greenlandic calving front is presented.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Integrated Access to Multidisciplinary Data Through Semantically Interoperable Services in a Metadata-Driven Platform for Solid Earth Science (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The ability to use data produced by different sources (social networks, governments, weather sensors etc.) is widely recognized as a key to capitalize the value of data. In the scientific field, such usage may incredibly boost the innovation and foster new discoveries. However, one of the main hurdles is currently represented by the difficulties in achieving the required interoperability to provide integrated access to multi-disciplinary data. The current work presents a metadata-driven approach that uses in a combined way metadata, semantics, and services as key components for providing integrated access to heterogeneous data sources. The integration occurs within a central data integration system, which is driven by a rich metadata catalogue and that can present the data provided by the different data sources in a harmonised way to the end user, by means of RESTful APIs. A real application demonstrating metadata-driven semantic and service interoperability for achieving homogeneous access to multi-disciplinary heterogeneous data sources is illustrated in the case of EPOS, a Research Infrastructure for Solid Earth Science. The advantages in terms of ease of maintenance, of flexibility in plugging different standard without perturbating communities’ long-lasting technical practices, and of ability to track provenance are discussed. Future work for providing open-source implementation of a system built following the proposed approach is also envisaged.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235–247
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 4
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    SHAPEness: A SHACL-Driven Metadata Editor (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been recently introduced as a W3C recommendation to define constraints for validating RDF graphs. In this paper a novel SHACL-driven multi-view editor is presented: SHAPEness. It empowers users by offering them a rich interface for assessing and improving the quality of metadata represented as RDF graphs. SHAPEness has been developed and tested in the framework of the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). In this context, the SHAPEness features have proven to be a valuable solution to easily create and maintain valid graphs according to the EPOS data model. The SHACL-driven approach underpinning SHAPEness, makes this tool suitable for a broad range of domains, or use cases, which structure their knowledge by means of SHACL constraints.
    Description: Published
    Description: 274–288
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    Hotspots of Floating Plastic Particles across the North Pacific Ocean (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science & Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(9), pp. 4302-4313, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The pollution of the marine environment with plastic debris is expected to increase, where ocean currents and winds cause their accumulation in convergence zones like the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). Surface-floating plastic (〉330 μm) was collected in the North Pacific Ocean between Vancouver (Canada) and Singapore using a neuston catamaran and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Baseline concentrations of 41,600–102,700 items km–2 were found, dominated by polyethylene and polypropylene. Higher concentrations (factors 4–10) of plastic items occurred not only in the NPSG (452,800 items km–2) but also in a second area, the Papaha̅naumokua̅kea Marine National Monument (PMNM, 285,200 items km–2). This second maximum was neither reported previously nor predicted by the applied ocean current model. Visual observations of floating debris (〉5 cm; 8–2565 items km–2 and 34–4941 items km–2 including smaller “white bits”) yielded similar patterns of baseline pollution (34–3265 items km–2) and elevated concentrations of plastic debris in the NPSG (67–4941 items km–2) and the PMNM (295–3748 items km–2). These findings suggest that ocean currents are not the only factor provoking plastic debris accumulation in the ocean. Visual observations may be useful to increase our knowledge of large-scale (micro)plastic pollution in the global oceans.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 6
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    Significant turning point: common buzzard (Buteo buteo) exposure to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides in the United Kingdom (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  Environmental Science & Technology vol. 2024 no. 3c09052
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) are widely used to control rodent populations, resulting in the serious secondary exposure of predators to these contaminants. In the United Kingdom (UK), professional use and purchase of SGARs were revised in the 2010s. Certain highly toxic SGARs have been authorized since then to be used outdoors around buildings as resistance-breaking chemicals under risk mitigation procedures. However, it is still uncertain whether and how these regulatory changes have influenced the secondary exposure of birds of prey to SGARs. Based on biomonitoring of the UK Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) collected from 2001 to 2019, we assessed the temporal trend of exposure to SGARs and statistically determined potential turning points. The magnitude of difenacoum decreased over time with a seasonal fluctuation, while the magnitude and prevalence of more toxic brodifacoum, authorized to be used outdoors around buildings after the regulatory changes, increased. The summer of 2016 was statistically identified as a turning point for exposure to brodifacoum and summed SGARs that increased after this point. This time point coincided with the aforementioned regulatory changes. Our findings suggest a possible shift in SGAR use to brodifacoum from difenacoum over the decades, which may pose higher risks of impacts on wildlife.
    Keywords: apex predator ; conditional inference trees ; effectiveness evaluation ; regulatory changes ; seasonal fluctuation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Qβ, Qc, Qi, Qs of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-12
    Description: We have provided the first estimate of scat- tering and intrinsic attenuation for the Gargano Prom- ontory (Southern Italy) analyzing 190 local earthquakes with M L ranging from 1.0 to 2.8. To separate the intrin- sic Q i and scattering Q s quality factors with the Wen- nerberg approach (1993), we have measured the direct S waves and coda quality factors ( Q 𝛽 , Q c ) in the same volume of crust. Q 𝛽 parameter is derived with the coda normalization method (Aki 1980) and Q c factor is derived with the coda envelope decay method (Sato 1977). We selected the coda envelope by performing an automatic picking procedure from T start = 1.5T S up to 30 s after origin time (lapse time T L ). All the obtained quality factors clearly increase with frequency. The Q c values correspond to those recently obtained for the area. The estimated Q i are comparable to the Q c at all frequencies and range between 100 and 1000. The Q s parameter shows higher values than Q i , except for 8 Hz, where the two estimates are closer. This implies a pre- dominance of intrinsic attenuation over the scattering attenuation. Furthermore, the similarity between Q i and Q c allows us to interpret the high Q c anomaly previ- ously found in the northern Gargano Promontory up to a depth of 24 km, as a volume of crust characterized by very low seismic dumping produced by conversion of seismic energy into heat. Moreover, most of the earth- quake foci fall in high Q i areas, indicating lower level of anelastic dumping and a brittle behavior of rocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 827-846
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic attenuation · Coda normalization method · Intrinsic quality factor · Scattering quality factor · Southern Italy · Gargano Promontory · OTRIONS seismic network ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Direct Analysis of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Using LC-FT-ICR MS (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), 58(10), pp. 4637-4647, ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of the global carbon cycle, yet its intricate composition and the sea salt matrix pose major challenges for chemical analysis. We introduce a direct injection, reversed-phase liquid chromatography ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry approach to analyze marine DOM without the need for solid-phase extraction. Effective separation of salt and DOM is achieved with a large chromatographic column and an extended isocratic aqueous step. Postcolumn dilution of the sample flow with buffer-free solvents and implementing a counter gradient reduced salt buildup in the ion source and resulted in excellent repeatability. With this method, over 5,500 unique molecular formulas were detected from just 5.5 nmol carbon in 100 μL of filtered Arctic Ocean seawater. We observed a highly linear detector response for variable sample carbon concentrations and a high robustness against the salt matrix. Compared to solid-phase extracted DOM, our direct injection method demonstrated superior sensitivity for heteroatom-containing DOM. The direct analysis of seawater offers fast and simple sample preparation and avoids fractionation introduced by extraction. The method facilitates studies in environments, where only minimal sample volume is available e.g. in marine sediment pore water, ice cores, or permafrost soil solution. The small volume requirement also supports higher spatial (e.g., in soils) or temporal sample resolution (e.g., in culture experiments). Chromatographic separation adds further chemical information to molecular formulas, enhancing our understanding of marine biogeochemistry, chemodiversity, and ecological processes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 9
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    Iron Promotes the Retention of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Matter in Subtidal Permeable Sediments (2024)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    In:  EPIC3Environmental Science and Technology, American Chemical Society (ACS), ISSN: 0013-936X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Marine permeable sediments are important sites for organic matter turnover in the coastal ocean. However, little is known about their role in trapping dissolved organic matter (DOM). Here, we examined DOM abundance and molecular compositions (9804 formulas identified) in subtidal permeable sediments along a near- to offshore gradient in the German North Sea. With the salinity increasing from 30.1 to 34.6 PSU, the DOM composition in bottom water shifts from relatively higher abundances of aromatic compounds to more highly unsaturated compounds. In the bulk sediment, DOM leached by ultrapure water (UPW) from the solid phase is 54 ± 20 times more abundant than DOM in porewater, with higher H/C ratios and a more terrigenous signature. With 0.5 M HCl, the amount of leached DOM (enriched in aromatic and oxygen-rich compounds) is doubled compared to UPW, mainly due to the dissolution of poorly crystalline Fe phases (e.g., ferrihydrite and Fe monosulfides). This suggests that poorly crystalline Fe phases promote DOM retention in permeable sediments, preferentially terrigenous, and aromatic fractions. Given the intense filtration of seawater through the permeable sediments, we posit that Fe can serve as an important intermediate storage for terrigenous organic matter and potentially accelerate organic matter burial in the coastal ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    Water resources management for a sustainable nexus of hydrogeoethics and societal well-being (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-24
    Description: Groundwater is a vital resource for humans, non-human species, and ecosystems. It has allowed the development of human evolution and civilizations throughout history (e.g., Wittfogel 1956, Tempelhoff et al. 2009, Cuthbert and Ashley 2014, Roberts 2014). However, it faces multiple potential threats that make it vulnerable and fragile. Climate change and human activities are the primary causes that have led to water cycle disruptions, particularly a decline in groundwater quality and quantity (e.g., Gleeson et al. 2020, Chaminé et al. 2022, Richardson et al. 2023). Climate variability has induced droughts, floods, and other extreme weather conditions, significantly impacting groundwater in many regions. Meanwhile, human activities such as over-abstraction, ground contamination, deforestation, land-use change, and other anthropogenic pressures have further compromised groundwater status. Nonetheless, groundwater continues to fulfill water demands in many regions or during specific periods. Therefore, concerted efforts are imperative to ensure its sustainability. So, conservation practices and nature-based solutions must be adopted to efficiently manage groundwater and shield it from additional potential hazards or risks (e.g., contamination, pollution, or over-abstraction). Failure to act quickly can result in the loss of this critical resource, with severe consequences for the economy, society, and ecosystems. From this perspective, it is imperative to prioritize actions underscored by technical-scientific integrity, environmental responsibility, societal sensitivity, and ethical practices.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97
    Description: OS: Terza missione
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: groundwater ; resource management ; sustainability ; hydrogeoethics ; geoethics ; societal well-being ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.04. Geology ; 05.09. Miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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