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  • American Institute of Physics
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • Wiley
  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 2023  (167)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2020-2024  (167)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
Year
  • 1
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    How sharp is the knife? Herbivore and carnivore sensitivity to resource stoichiometric quality (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Oikos, Wiley, ISSN: 0030-1299
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: While understanding feeding preferences of herbivores and carnivores is of major importance in ecology, we still know very little on the sensitivity of different functional groups to suboptimal stoichiometric resource quality. Here, we apply concepts of ecological stoichiometry to shed light on differences in the nutritional requirements of herbivores and carnivores, and to make predictions on the influence of suboptimal resource stoichiometric quality on the fitness of these different consumers to. Herbivores generally experience more variation in the quality of their resource than carnivores do, and these differences have likely shaped the extent to which coping mechanisms have evolved. Consequently, we expect 1) herbivores to maintain their stoichiometric homeostasis over a broader range of resource stoichiometry than carnivores, 2) the threshold elemental ratio (TER), i.e. the dietary carbon to nutrient ratio which maximizes fitness, of herbivores to be higher than that of carnivores, 3) a narrower and sharper knife-edge response in carnivores than herbivores and 4) asymmetric knife-edge responses indicating a higher sensitivity to the diet quality that consumers are not used to dealing with, namely nutrient limitation in carnivores and nutrient excess in herbivores. Our study poses that documenting the ranges of resource quality where consumer fitness declines in diverse organisms is a very promising avenue to increase our understanding of community composition and food web functioning.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    A phase field model for fractures in ice shelves (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3PAMM, Wiley, 22(1), ISSN: 1617-7061
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: 〈jats:title〉Abstract〈/jats:title〉〈jats:p〉Ice shelves are large floating ice masses, that are formed when glaciers are becoming afloat at the margin of ice sheets. One dominating mass loss mechanism of ice shelves is calving, describing the detachment of icebergs at the front. Ice shelves stabilize inland ice glaciers due to buttressing. If the stabilizing effect of an ice shelf vanishes because of disintegration or thinning, the corresponding glacier accelerates resulting in sea level rise.〈/jats:p〉〈jats:p〉To describe calving and disintegration of ice shelves, it is important to investigate fracture propagation in ice. A powerful method in fracture mechanics is the phase field method which is based on Griffith's theory. It approximates cracks in a diffuse manner by using a continuous scalar field. We propose a phase field fracture model for ice considering its characteristic material properties. The material behavior of ice depends on the considered time scales. On short time scales it behaves like a solid and while it acts like a fluid on long time scales, which classifies it as a viscoelastic material of Maxwell type. This has been verified by observations. The phase field method allows us to simulate typical fracture situations of ice shelves in Antarctica and Greenland.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 3
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    Higher temperature, increased CO2, and changing nutrient ratios alter the carbon metabolism and induce oxidative stress in a cosmopolitan diatom (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, ISSN: 0024-3590
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Description: Phytoplankton are responsible for about 90% of the oceanic primary production, largely supporting marine food webs, and actively contributing to the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Yet, increasing temperature and pCO2, along with higher dissolved nitrogen: phosphorus ratios in coastal waters are likely to impact phytoplankton physiology, especially in terms of photosynthetic rate, respiration, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production. Here, we conducted a full-factorial experiment to identify the individual and combined effects of temperature, pCO2, and N : P ratio on the antioxidant capacity and carbon metabolism of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Our results demonstrate that, among these three drivers, temperature is the most influential factor on the physiology of this species, with warming causing oxidative stress and lower activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate was higher under warmer conditions and higher pCO2, and, together with a lower dark respiration rate and higher DOC exudation, generated cells with lower carbon content. An enhanced oceanic CO2 uptake and an overall stimulated microbial loop benefiting from higher DOC exudation are potential longer-term consequences of rising temperatures, elevated pCO2 as well as shifted dissolved N : P ratios.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 4
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    Capturing drifting species and molecules—Lessons learned from integrated approaches to assess marine metazoan diversity in highly dynamic waters (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Environmental DNA, Wiley, ISSN: 2637-4943
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-11
    Description: Marine community diversity surveys require a reliable assessment to estimate ecosystem functions and their dynamics. For these, non-invasive environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is increasingly applied in zoological studies to complement or even replace traditional morphological identification methods. However, uncertainties remain about the accuracy of the diversity detected with eDNA to capture the actual diversity in the field. Here, we validate the reliability of eDNA metabarcoding in identifying metazoan biodiversity in highly dynamic marine waters of the North Sea. We analyzed biodiversity from water (eDNA) and zooplankton samples with cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 18S rRNA (18S) metabarcoding at Helgoland Roads and validated the optimal molecular resolution by morphological and molecular zooplankton identification (metabarcoding) with the result of merely a few false-negative detections. eDNA and zooplankton metabarcoding resolved 354 species from all major and in total 16 metazoan phyla. This molecular genetic species inventory overlapped by 95.9% (COI) and 81.9% (18S) with published inventories of local, morphologically identified species, among them neozoa and rediscovered species. Even though half of all species were detected by both eDNA and zooplankton metabarcoding, the methods differed significantly in their detected diversity. eDNA metabarcoding performed very well in cnidarians and annelids, whereas zooplankton metabarcoding identified higher numbers of fish and malacostraca. Species assemblages significantly differed between the individual sampling events and the cumulative number of identified species increased steadily over the sampling period and did not reach saturation. About a third of the species were detected only once while a core community of 22 species was identified continuously. Our study confirms eDNA metabarcoding to be a powerful tool to identify and analyze North Sea fauna in highly dynamic waters and we recommend investing in high sampling efforts by repetitive sampling and replication using at least 0.45 μm filters to increase filtration volume.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 5
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    When the going gets tough, the tough get going: effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird’s life history (2023)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Jenouvrier, S., Aubry, L., van Daalen, S., Barbraud, C., Weimerskirch, H., & Caswell, H. When the going gets tough, the tough get going: effect of extreme climate on an Antarctic seabird’s life history. Ecology Letters, 25, (2022): 2120– 2131, https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14076.
    Description: Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due to individual stochasticity, that is to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understand natural variability. Interindividual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favourable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.
    Description: We acknowledge Institute Paul Emile Victor (Programme IPEV 109), and Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises for logistical and financial support in Terre Adélie. The study is a contribution to the Program EARLYLIFE funded by a European Research Council Advanced Grant under the European Community's Seven Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 (Grant Agreement ERC-2012-ADG_20120314 to Henri Weimerskirch), to the program SENSEI funded by the BNP Paribas Foundation, and to the Program INDSTOCH funded by ERC Advanced Grant 322989 to Hal Caswell. SJ acknowledges support from Ocean Life Institute and WHOI Unrestricted funds, and NSF projects DEB-1257545, OPP-1246407 and OPP-1840058.
    Keywords: Fixed heterogeneity ; Frailty ; Individual quality ; Individual stochasticity ; Unobserved individual heterogeneity ; SICs
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
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    Alpine subduction zone metamorphism in the Palaeozoic successions of the Monti Romani (Northern Apennines, Italy) (2023)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: The hinterland of the Cenozoic Northern Apennines fold-and-thrust belt exposes the metamorphic roots of the chain, vestiges of the subduction-related tectono-metamorphic evolution that led to the buildup of the Alpine orogeny in the Mediterranean region. Like in other peri-Mediterranean belts, the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Palaeozoic continental basement in the Apennines is still poorly constrained, hampering the full understanding of their Alpine orogenic evolution. We report the first comprehensive tectono-metamorphic study of the low-grade metasedimentary (metapsammite/metapelite) succession of the Monti Romani Complex (MRC) that formed after Palaeozoic protoliths and constitutes the southernmost exposure of the metamorphic domain of the Northern Apennines. By integrating fieldwork with microstructural studies, Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material and thermodynamic modelling, we show that the MRC preserves a D1/M1 Alpine tectono-metamorphic evolution developed under HP–LT conditions (~1.0–1.1 GPa at T ~ 400°C) during a non-coaxial, top-to-the-NE, crustal shortening regime. Evidence for HP–LT metamorphism is generally cryptic within the MRC, dominated by graphite-bearing assemblages with the infrequent blastesis of muscovite ± chlorite ± chloritoid ± paragonite parageneses, equilibrated under cold palaeo-geothermal conditions (~10°C/km). Results of this study allow extending to the MRC the signature of subduction zone metamorphism already documented in the hinterland of the Apennine orogen, providing further evidence of the syn-orogenic ductile exhumation of the HP units in the Apennine belt. Finally, we discuss the possible role of fluid-mediated changes in the reactive bulk rock composition on mineral blastesis during progress of regional deformation and metamorphism at low-grade conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: 919-953
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Adria Paleozoic basement ; alpine orogeny ; chloritoid ; subduction metamorphism ; Northern Appennines ; 04.01. Earth Interior
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Are CO2 ‐rich seafloor pockmarks a suitable environment for ostracod assemblages? The example of the Zannone Giant Pockmark (central‐eastern Tyrrhenian) (2023)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: Despite their high abundance and diversity, ostracods adapted to a particular chemosynthetic environment and its surroundings have rarely been studied. Therefore, the thresholds and environmental characteristics shaping their assemblages are poorly known. Here, we report a detailed study of the ostracod assemblages occurring around the Zannone Giant Pockmark, a CO2 hydrothermal vent system recently discovered in the central-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea. Although among crustaceans, ostracods seem to have the longest stratigraphic record in fossil seeps and hydrothermal vents starting in the Palaeozoic, our results indicate that their occurrence is driven by CO2 that represents an insurmountable threshold for ostracods’ life.
    Description: Published
    Description: e12698
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CaCO3 undersaturated waters ; circalittoral ; hydrothermal vents ; Mediterranean Sea
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Microbial methane cycling in sediments of Arctic thermokarst lagoons (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, Wiley, pp. 2714-2731, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-14
    Description: Thermokarst lagoons represent the transition state from a freshwater lacustrine to a marine environment, and receive little attention regarding their role for greenhouse gas production and release in Arctic permafrost landscapes. We studied the fate of methane (CH4) in sediments of a thermokarst lagoon in comparison to two thermokarst lakes on the Bykovsky Peninsula in northeastern Siberia through the analysis of sediment CH4 concentrations and isotopic signature, methane-cycling microbial taxa, sediment geochemistry, lipid biomarkers, and network analysis. We assessed how differences in geochemistry between thermokarst lakes and thermokarst lagoons, caused by the infiltration of sulfate-rich marine water, altered the microbial methane-cycling community. Anaerobic sulfate-reducing ANME-2a/2b methanotrophs dominated the sulfate-rich sediments of the lagoon despite its known seasonal alternation between brackish and freshwater inflow and low sulfate concentrations compared to the usual marine ANME habitat. Non-competitive methylotrophic methanogens dominated the methanogenic community of the lakes and the lagoon, independent of differences in porewater chemistry and depth. This potentially contributed to the high CH4 concentrations observed in all sulfate-poor sediments. CH4 concentrations in the freshwater-influenced sediments averaged 1.34 ± 0.98 μmol g−1, with highly depleted δ13C-CH4 values ranging from −89‰ to −70‰. In contrast, the sulfate-affected upper 300 cm of the lagoon exhibited low average CH4 concentrations of 0.011 ± 0.005 μmol g−1 with comparatively enriched δ13C-CH4 values of −54‰ to −37‰ pointing to substantial methane oxidation. Our study shows that lagoon formation specifically supports methane oxidizers and methane oxidation through changes in pore water chemistry, especially sulfate, while methanogens are similar to lake conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Climate Evolution through the onset and intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Reviews of Geophysics, Wiley, 74 p., pp. 1-74, ISSN: 8755-1209
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-10
    Description: The Pliocene Epoch (∼5.3-2.6 million years ago, Ma) was characterized by a warmer than present climate with smaller Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and offers an example of a climate system in long-term equilibrium with current or predicted near-future atmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2). A long-term trend of ice-sheet expansion led to more pronounced glacial (cold) stages by the end of the Pliocene (∼2.6 Ma), known as the “intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation” (iNHG). We assessed the spatial and temporal variability of ocean temperatures and ice-volume indicators through the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene (from 3.3 to 2.4 Ma) to determine the character of this climate transition. We identified asynchronous shifts in long-term means and the pacing and amplitude of shorter-term climate variability, between regions and between climate proxies. Early changes in Antarctic glaciation and Southern Hemisphere ocean properties occurred even during the mid-Piacenzian warm period (∼3.264-3.025 Ma) which has been used as an analogue for future warming. Increased climate variability subsequently developed alongside signatures of larger Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (iNHG). Yet, some regions of the ocean felt no impact of iNHG, particularly in lower latitudes. Our analysis has demonstrated the complex, non-uniform and globally asynchronous nature of climate changes associated with the iNHG. Shifting ocean gateways and ocean circulation changes may have pre-conditioned the later evolution of ice sheets with falling atmospheric pCO2. Further development of high-resolution, multi-proxy reconstructions of climate is required so that the full potential of the rich and detailed geological records can be realized.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 10
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    The role of systematics for understanding ecosystem functions: Proceedings of the Zoologica Scripta Symposium, Oslo, Norway, 25 August 2022 (2023)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Zoologica Scripta, Wiley, ISSN: 0300-3256
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-06
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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