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  • Articles  (54)
  • Wiley-AGU  (51)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • Hindawi
  • Public Library of Science
  • 2020-2024  (54)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994
  • 2023  (54)
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  • 2020-2024  (54)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1990-1994
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  • 1
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    Anomalous Behavior of Zirconium and Hafnium in Volcanic Fumarolic Fluids (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-25
    Description: The Zirconium and Hafnium concentrations in worldwide fumaroles fed by magmatic fluids reveal that the Zr/Hf ratio is inversely related to the temperature of emission. Lower Zr/Hf ratio values below the chondritic signature are found in fluids having the highest temperature while super-chondritic Zr/Hf ratio values are found in lower temperatures. Sub-chondritic values of the Zr/Hf ratio may be related to larger volatility of Hf-chloride gas species with respect to Zr-Cl gas species, while super-chondritic ratios may correspond to fluid-rock processes resulting from cooling of uprising magmatic fluids. We propose that subchondritic Zr/Hf ratio values in fumaroles associated with high temperature may be an appropriate marker of fast magmatic rising representing a new sensitive tool for volcanic risks strategies.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021GL094674
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    Influence of Fault System Geometry and Slip Rates on the Relative Role of Coseismic and Interseismic Stresses on Earthquake Triggering and Recurrence Variability (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-13
    Description: We model Coulomb stress transfer (CST) due to 30 strong earthquakes occurring on normal faults since 1509 CE in Calabria, Italy, including the influence of interseismic loading, and compare the results to existing studies of stress interaction from the Central and Southern Apennines, Italy. The three normal fault systems have different geometries and long-term slip-rates. We investigate the extent to which stress transfer can influence the occurrence of future earthquakes and what factors may govern the variability in earthquake recurrence in different fault systems. The Calabrian, Central Apennines, and Southern Apennines fault systems have 91%, 73%, and 70% of faults with mean positive cumulative CST in the time considered; this is due to fewer faults across strike, more across strike stress reductions, and greater along-strike spacing in the three regions respectively. In regions with close along strike spacing or few faults across strike, such as Calabria and Southern Apennines, the stress loading history is mostly dominated by interseismic loading and most faults are positively stressed before an earthquake occur on them (96% of all faults that ruptured in Calabria; 94% of faults in Southern Apennines), and some of the strongest earthquakes occur on faults with the highest mean cumulative stress of all faults prior to the earthquake. In the Central Apennines, where across strike interactions are the predominant process, 79% of earthquakes occur on faults positively stressed. The results highlight that fault system geometry plays a central role in characterizing the stress evolution associated with earthquake recurrence.
    Description: This work was supported by a Natural Environment Research Council studentship (Grant NE/L002485/1) to Claudia Sgambato. Original development of the 3D-faults code was supported by NERC PhD Studentship NE/L501700/1 and JSPS Short Term Fellowship PE15776 to Zoë Mildon.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JB026496
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fault interaction ; Tectonics of Calabria ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Slab Geometry and Upper Mantle Flow Patterns in the Central Mediterranean From 3D Anisotropic P-Wave Tomography (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: We present the first three-dimensional (3D) anisotropic teleseismic P-wave tomography model of the upper mantle covering the entire Central Mediterranean. Compared to isotropic tomography, it is found that including the magnitude, azimuth, and, importantly, dip of seismic anisotropy in our inversions simplifies isotropic heterogeneity by reducing the magnitude of slow anomalies while yielding anisotropy patterns that are consistent with regional tectonics. The isotropic component of our preferred tomography model is dominated by numerous fast anomalies associated with retreating, stagnant, and detached slab segments. In contrast, relatively slower mantle structure is related to slab windows and the opening of back-arc basins. To better understand the complexities in slab geometry and their relationship to surface geological phenomenon, we present a 3D reconstruction of the main Central Mediterranean slabs down to 700 km based on our anisotropic model. P-wave seismic anisotropy is widespread in the Central Mediterranean upper mantle and is strongest at 200-300 km depth. The anisotropy patterns are interpreted as the result of asthenospheric material flowing primarily horizontally around the main slabs in response to pressure exerted by their mid-to-late Cenezoic horizontal motion, while sub-vertical anisotropy possibly reflects asthenospheric entrainment by descending lithosphere. Our results highlight the importance of anisotropic P-wave imaging for better constraining regional upper mantle geodynamics.
    Description: This study is supported by the ERC StG 758199 NEWTON.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023488
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Central Mediterranean ; P‐wave tomography ; mantle dynamics ; seismic anisotropy ; slab geometry ; subduction zone ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Surface‐Wave Tomography of the Central‐Western Mediterranean: New Insights Into the Liguro‐Provençal and Tyrrhenian Basins (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-21
    Description: The complex tectonic setting of the central-western Mediterranean has interested geoscientists for decades, but its geodynamic evolution remains a matter of debate. We rely on 807 seismometers from southern Europe and northern Africa to measure Rayleigh and Love phase velocities in the period range ∼5–200 s, based on teleseismic earthquakes and seismic ambient noise. By nonlinear joint inversion of the phase-velocity maps, we obtain a 3-D shear-wave velocity (VS) model of the study area. At shallow depths, our model correlates with surface geology and reveals the presence of a sedimentary cover in the Liguro-Provençal basin, as opposed to the Tyrrhenian basin where this is either very thin or absent. At ∼5-km depth, high velocities below the Magnaghi, Vavilov, and Marsili seamounts point to an exhumed, scarcely serpentinized mantle. These are replaced by lower velocities at larger depths, likely connected to the presence of partial melt. At 50–60-km depth, a very heterogeneous structure characterizes the Tyrrhenian basin, with low velocities pointing to the presence of fluids due to the lateral mantle inflow from the Ionian slab edges, and higher velocities associated with a relatively dry upper mantle. Such heterogeneity disappears at depths ≳75 km, replaced by more uniform velocities which are ∼2% lower than those found in the Liguro-Provençal basin. We infer that, at the same depths, the Tyrrhenian basin is characterized by a larger concentration of fluids and possibly higher temperatures.
    Description: The Grant to the Department of Science, Roma Tre University (MIUR-Italy Dipartimenti di Eccellenza, ARTICOLO 1, COMMI 314-337 LEGGE 232/2016) German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, Grant 57030312). Projekt DEAL. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) under the Individual Research Project: SI 1748/4-1.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023267
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Study of the Average Ion Mass of the Dayside Magnetospheric Plasma (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-23
    Description: The investigation of heavy ions dynamics and properties in the Earth's magnetosphere is still an important field of research as they play an important role in several space weather aspects. We present a statistical survey of the average ion mass in the dayside magnetosphere made comparing plasma mass density with electron number density measurements and focusing on both spatial and geomagnetic activity dependence. Field line resonance frequency observations across the European quasi-Meridional Magnetometer Array, are used to infer the equatorial plasma mass density in the range of magnetic L-shells 1.6–6.2. The electron number density is derived from local electric field measurements made on Van Allen Probes using the Neural-network-based Upper-hybrid Resonance Determination algorithm. The analysis is conducted separately for the plasmasphere and the plasmatrough during favorable periods for which both the plasma parameters are observed simultaneously. We found that throughout the plasmasphere the average ion mass is ≃1 amu for a wide range of geomagnetic activity conditions, suggesting that the plasma mainly consist of hydrogen ions, without regard to the level of geomagnetic activity. Conversely, the plasmatrough is characterized by a variable composition, highlighting a heavy ion mass loading that increases with increasing levels of geomagnetic disturbance. During the most disturbed conditions, the average radial structure shows a broad maximum around 3–4 Earth radii, probably correlated with the accumulation of oxygen ions near the plasmapause. Those ions are mostly observed in the post-dawn and pre-dusk longitudinal sectors.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022JA030605
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-17
    Description: Reviews of Geophysics is the top-rated journal in Geochemistry and Geophysics (ISI Web of Knowledge category) reflecting the many excellent contributions we received. It is an important milestone achieved with the reviewers' investment of time and effort. Their expertise ensures that the papers published in this journal meet the standards that the research community expects. We sincerely appreciate the time the reviewers spent reading and commenting on manuscripts, and we are very grateful for their willingness and readiness to serve in this role.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022RG000779
    Description: 5TM. Informazione ed editoria
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Understanding the Geodetic Signature of Large Aquifer Systems: Example of the Ozark Plateaus in Central United States (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-17
    Description: The continuous redistribution of water involved in the hydrologic cycle leads to deformation of the solid Earth. On a global scale, this deformation is well explained by the loading imposed by hydrological mass variations and can be quantified to first order with space-based gravimetric and geodetic measurements. At the regional scale, however, aquifer systems also undergo poroelastic deformation in response to groundwater fluctuations. Disentangling these related but distinct 3D deformation fields from geodetic time series is essential to accurately invert for changes in continental water mass, to understand the mechanical response of aquifers to internal pressure changes as well as to correct time series for these known effects. Here, we demonstrate a methodology to accomplish this task by considering the example of the well-instrumented Ozark Plateaus Aquifer System (OPAS) in central United States. We begin by characterizing the most important sources of groundwater level variations in the spatially heterogeneous piezometer dataset using an Independent Component Analysis. Then, to estimate the associated poroelastic displacements, we project geodetic time series corrected for hydrological loading effects onto the dominant groundwater temporal functions. We interpret the extracted displacements in light of analytical solutions and a 2D model relating groundwater level variations to surface displacements. In particular, the relatively low estimates of elastic moduli inferred from the poroelastic displacements and groundwater fluctuations may be indicative of aquifer layers with a high fracture density. Our findings suggest that OPAS undergoes significant poroelastic deformation, including highly heterogeneous horizontal poroelastic displacements.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023097
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Unraveling textural and chemical features in volcanic rocks through advanced image processing: a case study from the 2019 paroxysmal eruptions of Stromboli (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-22
    Description: The Quantitative X-Ray Map Analyzer software, a new tool for image processing, has been tested on intertwined pumices and scoriae emitted during the two paroxysmal eruptions of Stromboli of 2019, whose textural and compositional heterogeneities reflect the coexistence of low porphyritic shoshonitic-basalts and high porphyritic shoshonites. The procedure applied was designed to quantitatively document the complex variations in texture and composition of these products, allowing substantial time reduction of analytical and data processing. The procedure utilizes Principal Components Analysis and supervised Maximum Likelihood Classification for multivariate statistical data handling of an array of X-ray elemental maps acquired at the millimeter scale in thin sections. This technique permits the production of high-contrast colored images, which allow the classification of rock constituents, extrapolating the associated modal abundances and imaging chemical variations within the glass. Results highlight the close interconnection at the microscale of two types of magma in the erupted products, manifested in each processed image by the presence of contiguous areas preserving textural bulk properties typical of the pumice or scoria. The proportion of the two magmas feeding the eruptions is not simply represented by the proportions of scoria and pumice in individual clasts, as both scoria and pumice contain glass with the composition of shoshonitic-basalts and shoshonites. This method also allows the recognition of important discordances between the textural and chemical features of the two fractions involved, as well as discernment of the compositions of the two interacting magmas at the microscopic scale, even in those micro domains showing evidence of intense interaction processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2022GC010774
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Volcanic Emissions, Plume Dispersion, and Downwind Radiative Impacts Following Mount Etna Series of Eruptions of February 21–26, 2021 (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: During the extended activity of Mount Etna volcano in February–April 2021, three distinct paroxysmal events took place from February 21 to 26, which were associated with a very uncommon transport of the injected upper-tropospheric plumes toward the north. Using a synergy of observations and modeling, we characterized the emissions and three-dimensional dispersion for these three plumes, monitored their downwind distribution and optical properties, and estimated their radiative impacts at selected locations. With a satellite-based source inversion, we estimate the emitted sulfur dioxide (SO2) mass at an integrated value of 55 kt and plumes injections at up to 12 km altitudes, which qualifies this series as an extreme event for Mount Etna. Then, we combine Lagrangian dispersion modeling, initialized with measured temporally resolved SO2 emission fluxes and altitudes, with satellite observations to track the dispersion of the three individual plumes. The transport toward the north allowed the height-resolved downwind monitoring of the plumes at selected observatories in France, Italy, and Israel, using LiDARs and photometric aerosol observations. Volcanic-specific aerosol optical depths (AODs) in the visible spectral range ranging from about 0.004 to 0.03 and local daily average shortwave radiative forcing (RF) ranging from about −0.2 to −1.2 W m −2 (at the top of atmosphere) and from about −0.2 to −3.0 W m −2 (at the surface) are found. The composition (possible presence of ash), AOD, and RF of the plume have a large inter-plume and intra-plume variability and thus depend strongly on the position of the sampled section of the plumes.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JD035974
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    3D GNSS Velocity Field Sheds Light on the Deformation Mechanisms in Europe: Effects of the Vertical Crustal Motion on the Distribution of Seismicity (2023)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-16
    Description: Crustal deformation and seismicity in Europe are still poorly understood. Seismic activity is classically ascribed to crustal strain rates generated by edge-driven tectonic forces. However, crustal deformation is not only due to tectonic loading, but can also be related to isostatic and mantellic processes that induce additional stress and strain on the crust by flexure. The influence that those processes have on seismic activity, as well their interaction, is still controversial. The main limitation to study it is because the deformation and its causal mechanisms are usually analyzed separately in small regions. We present here a 3D secular velocity field that covers Eurasia and its plate boundaries including 4,863 Global Navigation Satellite System stations obtained by combining 10 different datasets. We have developed a method based on spatial filtering to identify outliers and smooth the velocity field, and have computed both strain and uplift rate maps that are interpreted in the light of the different driving processes that contribute to the 3D deformation in Europe. The vertical and horizontal deformation features are compared with seismic rates obtained from the spatial and temporal distribution of the seismicity in Europe. Our results suggest that is not possible to explain the seismicity in Europe with edge-driven horizontal tectonic forces only. In some areas markers of the crustal flexure such as the vertical velocity field and its derivative, resulting from buoyancy-driven processes, may help to interpret earthquake distribution.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB023451
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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