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  • Cham :Springer International Publishing :  (836)
  • Frontiers Media SA
  • Springer
  • 2020-2024  (1.031)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2022  (1.031)
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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-30
    Beschreibung: Traditional morphological methods for species identification are highly time consuming, especially for small organisms, such as Foraminifera, a group of shell-building microbial eukaryotes. To analyze large amounts of samples more efficiently, species identification methods have extended to molecular tools in the last few decades. Although a wide range of phyla have good markers available, for Foraminifera only one hypervariable marker from the ribosomal region (18S) is widely used. Recently a new mitochondrial marker cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) has been sequenced. Here we investigate whether this marker has a higher potential for species identification compared to the ribosomal marker. We explore the genetic variability of both the 18S and COI markers in 22 benthic foraminiferal morphospecies (orders Miliolida and Rotaliida). Using single-cell DNA, the genetic variability within specimens (intra) and between specimens (inter) of each species was assessed using next-generation sequencing. Amplification success rate was twice as high for COI (151/200 specimens) than for 18S (73/200 specimens). The COI marker showed greatly decreased intra- and inter-specimen variability compared to 18S in six out of seven selected species. The 18S phylogenetic reconstruction fails to adequately cluster multiple species together in contrast to COI. Additionally, the COI marker helped recognize misclassified specimens difficult to morphologically identify to the species level. Integrative taxonomy, combining morphological and molecular characteristics, provides a robust picture of the foraminiferal species diversity. Finally, we suggest the use of a set of sequences (two or more) to describe species showing intra-genomic variability additionally to using multiple markers. Our findings highlight the potential of the newly discovered mitochondrial marker for molecular species identification and metabarcoding purposes.
    Schlagwort(e): protist ; high-throughput sequencing ; metabarcoding ; intra-genomic variation ; benthic foraminifera
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-21
    Beschreibung: 〈jats:p〉Modern pollen–vegetation–climate relationships underpin palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate reconstructions from fossil pollen records. East Siberia is an ideal area for investigating the relationships between modern pollen assemblages and near natural vegetation under cold continental climate conditions. Reliable pollen-based quantitative vegetation and climate reconstructions are still scarce due to the limited number of modern pollen datasets. Furthermore, differences in pollen representation of samples from lake sediments and soils are not well understood. Here, we present a new pollen dataset of 48 moss/soil and 24 lake surface-sediment samples collected in Chukotka and central Yakutia in East Siberia. The pollen–vegetation–climate relationships were investigated by ordination analyses. Generally, tundra and taiga vegetation types can be well distinguished in the surface pollen assemblages. Moss/soil and lake samples contain generally similar pollen assemblages as revealed by a Procrustes comparison with some exceptions. Overall, modern pollen assemblages reflect the temperature and precipitation gradients in the study areas as revealed by constrained ordination analysis. We estimate the relative pollen productivity (RPP) of major taxa and the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) for moss/soil samples from Chukotka and central Yakutia using Extended 〈jats:italic〉R〈/jats:italic〉-Value (ERV) analysis. The RSAP of the tundra-forest transition area in Chukotka and taiga area in central Yakutia are ca. 1300 and 360 m, respectively. For Chukotka, RPPs relative to both Poaceae and Ericaceae were estimated while RPPs for central Yakutia were relative only to Ericaceae. Relative to Ericaceae (reference taxon, RPP = 1), 〈jats:italic〉Larix〈/jats:italic〉, 〈jats:italic〉Betula〈/jats:italic〉, 〈jats:italic〉Picea〈/jats:italic〉, and 〈jats:italic〉Pinus〈/jats:italic〉 are overrepresented while 〈jats:italic〉Alnus〈/jats:italic〉, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, and 〈jats:italic〉Salix〈/jats:italic〉 are underrepresented in the pollen spectra. Our estimates are in general agreement with previously published values and provide the basis for reliable quantitative reconstructions of East Siberian vegetation.〈/jats:p〉
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-06-13
    Beschreibung: Shallow-water rhodolith beds are rare in the Mediterranean Sea and generally poorly known. The Punta de la Mona rhodolith bed extends for 16,000 square meters in shallow and oligotrophic waters at the southern coast of Spain, off Almuñecar in the Alborán Sea. We present a detailed analysis of the structure (rhodolith cover and density, rhodolith size and shape, sediment granulometry) and morphospecies composition of the bed along a depth gradient. A stratified sampling was carried out at six depths (9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 m), estimating rhodolith cover and abundance; rhodoliths were collected from one 30 by 30 cm quadrat for each transect, resulting in 18 samples and a total of 656 rhodoliths. The collected rhodoliths were measured and the coralline algal components identified morphoanatomically through a stereomicroscope and SEM. Sediment on the seafloor mainly consisted of pebbles and cobbles; the highest rhodolith cover occurred between 15 and 18 m, and the lowest at the shallowest and deepest transects (9 and 24 m). Mean Rhodolith size was similar throughout the depth range (23–35 mm) with a slight increase at 24 m, although the largest rhodoliths occurred at 21 m. In monospecific rhodoliths, size depended more on the forming species than on depth. We found 25 non-geniculate coralline morphospecies, nearly all rhodolith-forming morphospecies reported in the Mediterranean Sea in recent accounts. The highest morphospecies richness (18–19) and proportional abundance were found at intermediate depths (15–18 m), where rhodolith cover is also highest. Lithophyllum incrustans and Lithophyllum dentatum dominated at shallow depths (9–12 m), whereas Lithothamnion valens was the dominant species at intermediate and greater depths. Overall, the latter species was the most common in the rhodolith bed. The shallow-water rhodolith bed in Punta de la Mona is probably the most diverse in the Mediterranean Sea. This highlights the importance of the conservation of this habitat and, in general, emphasizes the role of the Alborán Sea as a diversity center of coralline algae. The Punta de la Mona example contradicts the common assumption in the geological literature that rhodolith beds are indicative of oligophotic environments with high nutrients levels.
    Schlagwort(e): coralline red algae ; depth-gradient patterns ; rhodolith cover and size ; rhodolith diversity ; Alboran sea
    Repository-Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-14
    Beschreibung: This paper represents a continuation of taxonomic publications on the benthic fauna of polymetallic nodule fields in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) using material collected during baseline environmental survey work targeting two exploration contract areas (“UK-1” and “OMS”) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest, “APEI-6.” Families Poecilochaetidae Hannerz, 1956 and Spionidae Grube, 1850 of the annelid suborder Spioniformia were studied here. Taxonomic data are presented for 25 species from 98 records as identified by a combination of morphological and genetic approaches. Although sub-optimal morphological condition can prevent new species being formally described, it is essential that morphological, molecular, and voucher data are made available for future surveys. Descriptions of two new species— Poecilochaetus brenkei sp. nov. and Laonice shulseae sp. nov.—increase the number of formally described new annelid species from the areas targeted in this study to 15 and CCZ-wide to 46. We also discuss the commonly reported “cosmopolitan” deep-sea spionid Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981, which we show represents several genetically distinct species (three of these from CCZ area alone) but without reliable morphological characters to separate them. Molecular data provide evidence that 15 out of 25 species reported here have a wide distribution within the eastern CCZ and that Aurospio sp. “NHM_2186” and the known species Prionospio amarsupiata Neal & Altamira in Paterson et al. 2016 may be cosmopolitan. Lastly, the molecular data provide insights into relationships within Spioniformia, suggesting that both Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae belong within Spionidae.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-05-13
    Beschreibung: This Open Access book provides eight problem solving lectures for sustainable development for people, peace, and partnerships. Those are three of the five keywords for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): people, the planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships or “the 5Ps”. Each of these lectures is classified into one of the keywords for SDGs and based on the history of social thought, human development, law, education, sociology, and peace studies. Further, each lecture delineates the essence of each discipline when it is practically applied to development studies. This book, Sustainable Development Disciplines for Humanity, along with its sister volume related to the planet and prosperity, Society, will be useful in studying development. Interdisciplinary research is necessary to achieve the SDGs advocated by the United Nations. Hence, it is essential to learn the basics of individual disciplines, as they each offer ample knowledge fostering problem solving through the accumulation of existing research. This and its sister volume are the first comprehensive textbooks summarizing the essence of each necessary discipline to approach development studies from an interdisciplinary perspective. In developing countries, this book will provide access to development research for readers aiming to further develop their own nations. Moreover, in developed countries, the book will provide access to problem-solving research for readers seeking holistic solutions to complex social problems.
    Schlagwort(e): Development Studies ; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; Social Welfare ; Human Rights ; Development education ; Sociological approach to development ; Public Private Partnership (PPP) ; Peace Studies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHF Asian history ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 6
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    Frontiers Media SA
    In:  EPIC3Lausanne, Frontiers Media SA, 460 p., ISBN: 2296-6463
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-22
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Book , peerRev
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-20
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Springer, 3(6)
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-19
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-16
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar requires engagement with diverse areas of social-political, human, and environmental development. On the environmental aspects, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers economics, sustainability education, the knowledge economy, and waste management. In doing so, the book demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf and beyond. ; This volume provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar weaves together pillars of social-political, human, and environmental development, and so this book tackles each aspect accordingly. In the environmental section, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, air quality and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics, and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers demographic trends and models, economics – including the circular economy and green finance – transport, the built environment, and waste management. In doing so, the volume demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges, and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban, and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change, and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf, and beyond.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainability ; Qatar ; Middle East ; Gulf Studies ; Food Security ; Water Security ; Energy ; Development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a comprehensive treatment of recent developments in kernel-based identification that are of interest to anyone engaged in learning dynamic systems from data. The reader is led step by step into understanding of a novel paradigm that leverages the power of machine learning without losing sight of the system-theoretical principles of black-box identification. The authors’ reformulation of the identification problem in the light of regularization theory not only offers new insight on classical questions, but paves the way to new and powerful algorithms for a variety of linear and nonlinear problems. Regression methods such as regularization networks and support vector machines are the basis of techniques that extend the function-estimation problem to the estimation of dynamic models. Many examples, also from real-world applications, illustrate the comparative advantages of the new nonparametric approach with respect to classic parametric prediction error methods. The challenges it addresses lie at the intersection of several disciplines so Regularized System Identification will be of interest to a variety of researchers and practitioners in the areas of control systems, machine learning, statistics, and data science. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): System Identification ; Machine Learning ; Linear Dynamical Systems ; Nonlinear Dynamical Systems ; Kernel-based Regularization ; Bayesian Interpretation of Regularization ; Gaussian Processes ; Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces ; Estimation Theory ; Support Vector Machines ; Regularization Networks ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFM Automatic control engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics::PBTB Bayesian inference ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general::GPF Information theory::GPFC Cybernetics and systems theory
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 11
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book deals with cultural and philosophical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and pleads for a “digital humanism”. This term is beginning to be en vogue everywhere. Due to a growing discontentment with the way digitalization is being used in the world, particularly formulated by former heroes of Internet, social media and search engine companies, philosophical as well as industrial thought leaders begin to plead for a humane use of digital tools. Yet the term “digital humanism” is a particular terminology that lacks a sound conceptual and philosophical basis and needs clarification still – and this gap is exactly filled by this book. It propagates a vision of society in which digitization is used to strengthen human self-determination, autonomy and dignity and whose time has come to be propagated throughout the world. The advantage of this book is that it is philosophically sound and yet written in a way that will make it accessible for everybody interested in the subject. Every chapters begins with a film scene illustrating a precise philosophical problem with AI and how we look at it – making the book not only readable, but even entertaining. And after having read the book the reader will have a clear vision of what it means to live in a world where digitization and AI are central technologies for a better and more humane civilization.
    Schlagwort(e): Digital Humanism ; Philosophy of Computer Science ; Computer Ethics ; Scientific Communication ; Artificial Intelligence ; Computers and Society ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBJ Digital and information technologies: social and ethical aspects ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This is an open access book that provides holistic information on the radioactive contamination of forests. Topics are highly interdisciplinary, ranging from the dynamics of radioactive cesium in forest ecosystems to the radiation protection or the socio-economic aspects of radiation effects. It is designed to help people understand the radioactive contamination in forests and provide hints of how to cope with it and restore their livelihoods. The book is characterized by its well-balanced structure that allows the reader to understand the whole picture without going into too much scientific content. After explaining the basics of radioactive materials and radiation, the book illustrates the radioactive contamination of forests, it also describes the impacts on the forestry and life of local people and the measures taken by. Few books address the concerns about how to deal with radioactive contamination of forests and the future perspectives. In this book, people can learn all about the Fukushima nuclear accident of forests, forest products, and people with abundant reference materials. In addition, the book contains four memoirs contributed by Japanese and European researchers that graphically record what the researchers thought and how they acted in the chaos of the aftermath of the accident. In 2021 that marking the 10th anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear accident and the 35th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, nuclear disasters are in the spotlight more than ever. This thought-provoking book on how to prepare for a severe nuclear accident is suitable for sharing with people all over the world as a lesson on the next nuclear accidents, now that the number of nuclear power plants is still increasing. The translation of this work was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). Intensive improvements were subsequently made by the authors throughout the text to ensure accuracy of expression and contents and to enhance the clarity.
    Schlagwort(e): Fukushima accident ; Forestry and forest ecosystem ; Radioecology ; Radiation impact ; Radiation protection ; Auto-translation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book as one of the fastest-growing areas of research in machine learning, metalearning studies principled methods to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. This adaptation usually exploits information from past experience on other tasks and the adaptive processes can involve machine learning approaches. As a related area to metalearning and a hot topic currently, automated machine learning (AutoML) is concerned with automating the machine learning processes. Metalearning and AutoML can help AI learn to control the application of different learning methods and acquire new solutions faster without unnecessary interventions from the user. This book offers a comprehensive and thorough introduction to almost all aspects of metalearning and AutoML, covering the basic concepts and architecture, evaluation, datasets, hyperparameter optimization, ensembles and workflows, and also how this knowledge can be used to select, combine, compose, adapt and configure both algorithms and models to yield faster and better solutions to data mining and data science problems. It can thus help developers to develop systems that can improve themselves through experience. This book is a substantial update of the first edition published in 2009. It includes 18 chapters, more than twice as much as the previous version. This enabled the authors to cover the most relevant topics in more depth and incorporate the overview of recent research in the respective area. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining, data science and artificial intelligence. ; Metalearning is the study of principled methods that exploit metaknowledge to obtain efficient models and solutions by adapting machine learning and data mining processes. While the variety of machine learning and data mining techniques now available can, in principle, provide good model solutions, a methodology is still needed to guide the search for the most appropriate model in an efficient way. Metalearning provides one such methodology that allows systems to become more effective through experience. This book discusses several approaches to obtaining knowledge concerning the performance of machine learning and data mining algorithms. It shows how this knowledge can be reused to select, combine, compose and adapt both algorithms and models to yield faster, more effective solutions to data mining problems. It can thus help developers improve their algorithms and also develop learning systems that can improve themselves. The book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the areas of machine learning, data mining and artificial intelligence.
    Schlagwort(e): Metalearning ; Automating Machine Learning (AutoML) ; Machine Learning ; Artificial Intelligence ; algorithm selection ; algorithm recommendation ; algorithm configuration ; hyperparameter optimization ; automating the workflow/pipeline design ; metalearning in ensemble construction ; metalearning in deep neural networks ; transfer learning ; algorithm recommendation for data streams ; automating data science ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNF Data mining ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides an overview of the dissertations of the eleven nominees for the Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering in 2020. The prize, kindly sponsored by the Gerlind & Ernst Denert Stiftung, is awarded for excellent work within the discipline of Software Engineering, which includes methods, tools and procedures for better and efficient development of high quality software. An essential requirement for the nominated work is its applicability and usability in industrial practice. The book contains eleven papers that describe the works by Jonathan Brachthäuser (EPFL Lausanne) entitled What You See Is What You Get: Practical Effect Handlers in Capability-Passing Style, Mojdeh Golagha’s (Fortiss, Munich) thesis How to Effectively Reduce Failure Analysis Time?, Nikolay Harutyunyan’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work on Open Source Software Governance, Dominic Henze’s (TU Munich) research about Dynamically Scalable Fog Architectures, Anne Hess’s (Fraunhofer IESE, Kaiserslautern) work on Crossing Disciplinary Borders to Improve Requirements Communication, Istvan Koren’s (RWTH Aachen U) thesis DevOpsUse: A Community-Oriented Methodology for Societal Software Engineering, Yannic Noller’s (NU Singapore) work on Hybrid Differential Software Testing, Dominic Steinhofel’s (TU Darmstadt) thesis entitled Ever Change a Running System: Structured Software Reengineering Using Automatically Proven-Correct Transformation Rules, Peter Wägemann’s (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg) work Static Worst-Case Analyses and Their Validation Techniques for Safety-Critical Systems, Michael von Wenckstern’s (RWTH Aachen U) research on Improving the Model-Based Systems Engineering Process, and Franz Zieris’s (FU Berlin) thesis on Understanding How Pair Programming Actually Works in Industry: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Dynamics – which actually won the award. The chapters describe key findings of the respective works, show their relevance and applicability to practice and industrial software engineering projects, and provide additional information and findings that have only been discovered afterwards, e.g. when applying the results in industry. This way, the book is not only interesting to other researchers, but also to industrial software professionals who would like to learn about the application of state-of-the-art methods in their daily work.
    Schlagwort(e): Software Engineering ; Software Development ; Requirements Engineering ; Software Modeling ; Software Research ; Ernst Denert Award ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book describes the development of Innopolis, a young Russian university established in 2012 to focus on teaching excellence in computer science, engineering, and robotics. It reports on the problems that were faced in the first decade of its development, and the adopted solutions. It shows how the key aspects for the development of the faculty, the curricula, the university structure, and the challenge of internationalization have been successfully addressed by the university management and professors, and how the solutions are scalable for other newly founded research organizations. The book is divided in five parts: “The Beginning” describes the very early days in general, from the foundation and start-up of the university with the related processes. “The People” reports on the initial hiring of the faculty members, the selection of students, and the curriculum development. “The Activities” provide information about the creation of the single research institutions and labs, and their relation to industry. “The Future” gives an outlook on the planned internationalization and faculty strategy. Eventually, “A Visual Journey” shows a selection of photographs illustrating highlights of the whole process and the current achievements. The processes and the components described built the basis for the development of Innopolis, and many of them still have a big impact on its present and its future. The fewer mistakes are made at the beginning, the higher the probability to fully achieve the initial goals.
    Schlagwort(e): Computer Education ; University Development ; Development of an International Faculty ; Curricula Development ; Industry Cooperation ; Online Education ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNK Educational administration and organization ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access. This book presents the Proceedings of the 9th Machine Intelligence and Digital Interaction Conference. Significant progress in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and its wider use in many interactive products are quickly transforming further areas of our life, which results in the emergence of various new social phenomena. Many countries have been making efforts to understand these phenomena and find answers on how to put the development of artificial intelligence on the right track to support the common good of people and societies. These attempts require interdisciplinary actions, covering not only science disciplines involved in the development of artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction but also close cooperation between researchers and practitioners. For this reason, the main goal of the MIDI conference held on 9-10.12.2021 as a virtual event is to integrate two, until recently, independent fields of research in computer science: broadly understood artificial intelligence and human-technology interaction.
    Schlagwort(e): Computational Intelligence ; AI ; MIDI 2021 ; MIDI ; Machine Intelligence ; Digital Interaction ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2022, which was held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in June 2022. XP is the premier agile software development conference combining research and practice. It is a unique forum where agile researchers, practitioners, thought leaders, coaches, and trainers get together to present and discuss their most recent innovations, research results, experiences, concerns, challenges, and trends.  XP conferences provide an informal environment to learn and trigger discussions and welcome both people new to agile and seasoned agile practitioners. This year’s conference was held with the theme “Agile in the Era of Hybrid Work”. The 13 full papers and 1 short paper presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: agile practices; agile processes; and agile in the large.
    Schlagwort(e): agile software development ; software creation and management ; Scrum ; lean software development ; process management ; test-driven development ; project and people management ; software development techniques ; risk management ; empirical software engineering ; software measurement ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJQ Business mathematics and systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZM Information architecture
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 18
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides an overview of the work developed within the SODALITE project, which aims at facilitating the deployment and operation of distributed software on top of heterogeneous infrastructures, including cloud, HPC and edge resources. The experts participating in the project describe how SODALITE works and how it can be exploited by end users. While multiple languages and tools are available in the literature to support DevOps teams in the automation of deployment and operation steps, still these activities require specific know-how and skills that cannot be found in average teams. The SODALITE framework tackles this problem by offering modelling and smart editing features to allow those we call Application Ops Experts to work without knowing low level details about the adopted, potentially heterogeneous, infrastructures. The framework offers also mechanisms to verify the quality of the defined models, generate the corresponding executable infrastructural code, automatically wrap application components within proper execution containers, orchestrate all activities concerned with deployment and operation of all system components, and support on-the-fly self-adaptation and refactoring.
    Schlagwort(e): Heterogeneous Computing ; Cloud, Edge ; HPC ; IaC ; DevOps ; Semantic Reasoning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UL Operating systems
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 19
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th China Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2022, held in Beijing, China, in August 2022. The 17 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: ​​data security; anomaly detection; cryptocurrency; information security; vulnerabilities; mobile internet; threat intelligence; text recognition.
    Schlagwort(e): application service layer ; artificial intelligence ; communication systems ; computer crime ; computer networks ; computer security ; computer systems ; cryptography ; cyber security ; data communication systems ; data security ; databases ; machine learning ; network protocols ; network security ; privacy ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UR Computer security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics::UBL Digital and information technologies: Legal aspects ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications::UTN Network security
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 20
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This Open Access book explores the multifaceted nature of agricultural and rural development in Asia and examines the extent to which the Asian experience is being replicated in contemporary Africa. This volume compiles the works of top scholars who provided analyses and evidences from household-level surveys collected for many years in several parts of Asia and Africa. The most important finding presented in this book is that African agricultural development has evolved following the pathways of Asian agricultural development. The common pathways are borrowed technology from abroad and adaptive research in rice farming; secured property rights on natural resources; adoption of ICTs; investments in human capital, including training; and launching of the high-value agriculture. In both continents, agricultural development started in the crop sector, which had a strong tendency to induce the dynamic development of other sectors in rural areas.
    Schlagwort(e): Agricultural development ; Rural development ; Green Revolution ; Sustainable agriculture ; Agricultural technology ; Rice farming ; Keijiro Otsuka Festschrift ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 21
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book introduces Vector semantics, which links the formal theory of word vectors to the cognitive theory of linguistics. The computational linguists and deep learning researchers who developed word vectors have relied primarily on the ever-increasing availability of large corpora and of computers with highly parallel GPU and TPU compute engines, and their focus is with endowing computers with natural language capabilities for practical applications such as machine translation or question answering. Cognitive linguists investigate natural language from the perspective of human cognition, the relation between language and thought, and questions about conceptual universals, relying primarily on in-depth investigation of language in use. In spite of the fact that these two schools both have ‘linguistics’ in their name, so far there has been very limited communication between them, as their historical origins, data collection methods, and conceptual apparatuses are quite different. Vector semantics bridges the gap by presenting a formal theory, cast in terms of linear polytopes, that generalizes both word vectors and conceptual structures, by treating each dictionary definition as an equation, and the entire lexicon as a set of equations mutually constraining all meanings.
    Schlagwort(e): Semantics ; Natural Language Processing ; Computational Linguistics ; Artificial Intelligence ; explainable AI ; Artificial Neural Nets ; lexical semantics ; word vectors ; embeddings ; dynamic embeddings ; algebraic semantic ; knowledge bases ; machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQL Natural language and machine translation ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFX Computational and corpus linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 22
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book deals with the methods and the results of the third Italian national forest inventory (INFC2015). Arma dei Carabinieri is entrusted with the realisation of the National Forest Inventory and with the decisions about the aims of the survey and data treatment. National forest inventories produce statistically based information on forests over country areas. Such information is used either at subnational or at supranational level in a great number of spheres and processes, included possibility to depict the status of the world forests. Italy conducted its first forest inventory in 1985 and in 2001 a permanent national forest inventory was launched to have periodically updated statistics. Due to the growing concern about the environment and especially the climate change, estimating forests carbon pools was a stated main objective and it was accordingly named Italian National Inventory of Forest and Forest Carbon Pools (INFC). The book begins with a description of the general organisation, the definitions, the methods and the estimation procedures. It proceeds showing the main estimates produced by INFC2015, in tables that are given in the book chapters. The estimates are presented through texts that introduce the subject matter, explain the way the related variables were surveyed and comment on the main outcomes with the help of graphics. The estimates presented include forest area, management and production, biodiversity and protection, forest health, protective and socio-economics functions. Role of forest in the carbon balance was analysed in a specific Chapter, as this is important for its role in the climate change mitigation. The book ends providing an understanding of the current dynamics of Italian forests by comparing the estimates obtained from INFC2005 and INFC2015, the last two national surveys.
    Schlagwort(e): CREA ; Arma dei Carabinieri ; Forestry Sciences ; Forests Assessment ; Biodiversity ; Forest Health ; Climate Change Mitigation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 23
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a comprehensive view on data ecosystems and platform economics from methodical and technological foundations up to reports from practical implementations and applications in various industries. To this end, the book is structured in four parts: Part I “Foundations and Contexts” provides a general overview about building, running, and governing data spaces and an introduction to the IDS and GAIA-X projects. Part II “Data Space Technologies” subsequently details various implementation aspects of IDS and GAIA-X, including eg data usage control, the usage of blockchain technologies, or semantic data integration and interoperability. Next, Part III describes various “Use Cases and Data Ecosystems” from various application areas such as agriculture, healthcare, industry, energy, and mobility. Part IV eventually offers an overview of several “Solutions and Applications”, eg including products and experiences from companies like Google, SAP, Huawei, T-Systems, Innopay and many more. Overall, the book provides professionals in industry with an encompassing overview of the technological and economic aspects of data spaces, based on the International Data Spaces and Gaia-X initiatives. It presents implementations and business cases and gives an outlook to future developments. In doing so, it aims at proliferating the vision of a social data market economy based on data spaces which embrace trust and data sovereignty.
    Schlagwort(e): Data Spaces ; GAIA-X ; Data Lakes ; Big Data ; Information Retrieval ; Information Systems Applications ; Data Ecosystems ; Data Integration ; Data Security ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQE Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 24
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open-access textbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date guide for students and practitioners wishing to access in a single volume the key disciplines and principles of wheat breeding. Wheat is a cornerstone of food security: it is the most widely grown of any crop and provides 20% of all human calories and protein. The authorship of this book includes world class researchers and breeders whose expertise spans cutting-edge academic science all the way to impacts in farmers’ fields. The book’s themes and authors were selected to provide a didactic work that considers the background to wheat improvement, current mainstream breeding approaches, and translational research and avant garde technologies that enable new breakthroughs in science to impact productivity. While the volume provides an overview for professionals interested in wheat, many of the ideas and methods presented are equally relevant to small grain cereals and crop improvement in general. The book is affordable, and because it is open access, can be readily shared and translated -- in whole or in part -- to university classes, members of breeding teams (from directors to technicians), conference participants, extension agents and farmers. Given the challenges currently faced by academia, industry and national wheat programs to produce higher crop yields --- often with less inputs and under increasingly harsher climates -- this volume is a timely addition to their toolkit.
    Schlagwort(e): crop breeding ; breeding technologies ; genetic gains ; crop yield potential ; wheat pathology ; global economics of wheat ; agriculture public-private parternship ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCT Food and beverage technology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment and techniques::MBGR Medical research
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 25
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book establishes a dialog among the medical and intelligent system domains for igniting transition toward a sustainable and cost-effective healthcare. The Person-Centered Care (PCC) positions a person in the center of a healthcare system, instead of defining a patient as a set of diagnoses and treatment episodes. The PCC-based conceptual background triggers enhanced application of Artificial Intelligence, as it dissolves the limits of processing traditional medical data records, clinical tests and surveys. Enhanced knowledge for diagnosing, treatment and rehabilitation is captured and utilized by inclusion of data sources characterizing personal lifestyle, and health literacy, and it involves insights derived from smart ambience and wearables data, community networks, and the caregivers’ feedback. The book discusses intelligent systems and their applications for healthcare data analysis, decision making and process design tasks. The measurement systems and efficiency evaluation models analyze ability of intelligent healthcare system to monitor person health and improving quality of life.
    Schlagwort(e): Person-centered Healthcare Model ; Heterogeneous Healthcare Data ; Remote Care Feedback Mechanisms ; Monitoring Health Status ; Data-driven Decision Making for Person Health ; Efficiency of Healthcare ; Quality of Person-centered Care ; Big Data for Personal Self-sustainment ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 26
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Haptic Sensing and Touch Enabled Computer Applications, EuroHaptics 2022, held in Hamburg, Germany, in May 2022. The 36 regular papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 129 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: haptic science; haptic technology; and haptic applications.
    Schlagwort(e): communication systems ; computer networks ; data communication systems ; haptic interfaces ; human engineering ; Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) ; mobile computing ; mobile devices ; network protocols ; rehabilitation systems ; robotics ; signal processing ; telecommunication networks ; telecommunication systems ; user interfaces ; virtual reality ; wireless telecommunication systems ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UN Databases::UNH Information retrieval ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 27
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): architecting ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer science ; computer systems ; distributed computer systems ; distributed systems ; embedded systems ; formal logic ; mathematics ; model checking ; programming languages ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; theoretical computer science ; verification ; verification and validation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 28
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This volume, LNAI 13385, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning, IJCAR 2022, held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 32 full research papers and 9 short papers presented together with two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Satisfiability, SMT Solving,Arithmetic; Calculi and Orderings; Knowledge Representation and Jutsification; Choices, Invariance, Substitutions and Formalization; Modal Logics; Proofs System and Proofs Search; Evolution, Termination and Decision Prolems. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): artificial intelligence ; automata theory ; computer hardware ; computer networks ; computer programming ; computer systems ; embedded systems ; formal languages ; formal logic ; logic programming ; network protocols ; semantics ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; theoretical computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYA Mathematical theory of computation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 29
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: From fundamental concepts and results to recent advances in computational social choice, this open access book provides a thorough and in-depth look at multi-winner voting based on approval preferences. The main focus is on axiomatic analysis, algorithmic results and several applications that are relevant in artificial intelligence, computer science and elections of any kind. What is the best way to select a set of candidates for a shortlist, for an executive committee, or for product recommendations? Multi-winner voting is the process of selecting a fixed-size set of candidates based on the preferences expressed by the voters. A wide variety of decision processes in settings ranging from politics (parliamentary elections) to the design of modern computer applications (collaborative filtering, dynamic Q&A platforms, diversity in search results, etc.) share the problem of identifying a representative subset of alternatives. The study of multi-winner voting provides the principled analysis of this task. Approval-based committee voting rules (in short: ABC rules) are multi-winner voting rules particularly suitable for practical use. Their usability is founded on the straightforward form in which the voters can express preferences: voters simply have to differentiate between approved and disapproved candidates. Proposals for ABC rules are numerous, some dating back to the late 19th century while others have been introduced only very recently. This book explains and discusses these rules, highlighting their individual strengths and weaknesses. With the help of this book, the reader will be able to choose a suitable ABC voting rule in a principled fashion, participate in, and be up to date with the ongoing research on this topic.
    Schlagwort(e): Multi-Winner Voting ; Computational Social Choice ; Approval-Based Committee (ABC) Voting ; ABC Rules ; Proportionality ; Fairness Axioms ; Strategic Voting ; Collective Decisions ; Artificial Intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCA Economic theory and philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 30
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This two-volume set LNCS 12962 and 12963 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 7th International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, BrainLes 2021, as well as the RSNA-ASNR-MICCAI Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) Challenge, the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) Challenge, the Cross-Modality Domain Adaptation (CrossMoDA) Challenge, and the challenge on Quantification of Uncertainties in Biomedical Image Quantification (QUBIQ). These were held jointly at the 23rd Medical Image Computing for Computer Assisted Intervention Conference, MICCAI 2020, in September 2021. The 91 revised papers presented in these volumes were selected form 151 submissions. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): artificial intelligence ; bioinformatics ; computer science ; computer systems ; computer vision ; education ; image analysis ; image processing ; image segmentation ; learning ; machine learning ; medical images ; neural networks ; pattern recognition ; segmentation methods ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; validation ; verification and validation ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYT Image processing ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 31
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-14
    Beschreibung: This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): architecting ; architecture verification and validation ; artificial intelligence ; computer programming ; computer science ; computer systems ; databases ; distributed computer systems ; embedded systems ; engineering ; formal languages ; formal logic ; linguistics ; mathematics ; model checking ; software architecture ; software design ; software engineering ; software quality ; theoretical computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMZ Software Engineering ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UT Computer networking and communications ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 32
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book gives both a theoretical and practical overview of several important aspects of additive manufacturing (AM). It is written in an educative style to enable the reader to understand and apply the material. It begins with an introduction to AM technologies and the general workflow, as well as an overview of the current standards within AM. In the following chapter, a more in-depth description is given of design optimization and simulation for AM in polymers and metals, including practical guidelines for topology optimization and the use of lattice structures. Special attention is also given to the economics of AM and when the technology offers a benefit compared to conventional manufacturing processes. This is followed by a chapter with practical insights into how AM materials and processing parameters are developed for both material extrusion and powder bed fusion. The final chapter describes functionally graded AM in various materials and technologies. Throughout the book, a large number of industrial applications are described to exemplify the benefits of AM.
    Schlagwort(e): Design for additive manufacturing ; standardization of additive manufacturing ; topology optimization ; lattice-based structures ; mesh format ; object scanning ; material development for additive manufacturing ; material characterization for additive manufacturing ; development of process parameters ; functionally graded additive manufacturing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGP Production and industrial engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 33
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book describes modern applications of computational human modelling to advance neurology, cancer treatment, and radio-frequency studies including regulatory, safety, and wireless communication fields. Readers working on any application that may expose human subjects to electromagnetic radiation will benefit from this book’s coverage of the latest models and techniques available to assess a given technology’s safety and efficacy in a timely and efficient manner. This is an Open Access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Electromagnetic Modeling for Electrical and Biological Systems ; Anatomical Models for Radiation Dosimetry ; Computational Human Phantoms ; Computational Human Models ; Electromagnetic safety and exposure evaluations ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFN Microwave technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVN Biophysics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 34
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-11
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides practicing electrical engineers and students a practical – and mathematically sound – introduction to the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The author enables readers to understand better how to overcome commonly failed EMC tests for radiated emission, radiated immunity, and electrostatic discharge (ESD), while providing concrete EMC design guidelines. The book also presents an overview of EMC standards and regulations and how to test for a global market access.
    Schlagwort(e): Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering ; EMC for Product Designers ; Shielding of Electromagnetic Waves ; Aerospace Electromagnetic Compatibility ; EMC Regulations and standards ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFN Microwave technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFC Electronics: circuits and components ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFN Microwave technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 35
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: This open access book shows how value sensitive design (VSD), responsible innovation, and comprehensive engineering can guide the rapid development of technological responses to the COVID-19 crisis. Responding to the ethical challenges of data-driven technologies and other tools requires thinking about values in the context of a pandemic as well as in a post-COVID world. Instilling values must be prioritized from the beginning, not only in the emergency response to the pandemic, but in how to proceed with new societal precedents materializing, new norms of health surveillance, and new public health requirements. The contributors with expertise in VSD bridge the gap between ethical acceptability and social acceptance. By addressing ethical acceptability and societal acceptance together, VSD guides COVID-technologies in a way that strengthens their ability to fight the virus, and outlines pathways for the resolution of moral dilemmas. This volume provides diachronic reflections on the crisis response to address long-term moral consequences in light of the post-pandemic future. Both contact-tracing apps and immunity passports must work in a multi-system environment, and will be required to succeed alongside institutions, incentive structures, regulatory bodies, and current legislation. This text appeals to students, researchers and importantly, professionals in the field.
    Schlagwort(e): Responsible Innovation ; Ethics of Technology ; Value Sensitive Design ; Post-pandemic recovery ; Societal resilience ; covid-19 and ethics ; new normal and technology ; pandemics and values ; risks and pandemics ; pandemics and ethics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 36
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-08
    Beschreibung: This open access book addresses, for the first time, Islamic social work as an emerging concept at the interface of Islamic thought and social sciences. Applying a multidisciplinary approach it explores, on the one hand, the discourse that provides religious legitimisation to social work activities and, on the other hand, case studies of practical fields of Islamic social work including educational programmes, family counselling, and resettlement of prisoners. Although in many cases, these activities are oriented towards Muslim clients, more often than not they go beyond the boundaries of Muslim communities to benefit society as a whole. Muslim actors are also starting to professionalise their services and to negotiate the ways in which they can become fully recognised service-providers within the welfare state. At a more general level, the volume also shows that in contrast to the widespread processes of secularisation of social work and its separation from religious communities, new types of activities are now emerging, which bring back to the public arena both an increased sensitivity to the religious identities of the beneficiaries and the religious motivations of the benefactors. The edited volume will be of interest to researchers in Islamic Studies, Social and Political Sciences, Social Work, and Religious Studies. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Family Counselling Muslims ; Islam Social Work ; Marginalization Muslims ; Practical Theology Islam ; Radicalization Prevention ; Resettlement Muslims Prison ; Segregation Islam ; Social Ethics Islam ; Social Welfare Islam ; Spirituality in Social Work ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRH Islam::HRHT Islamic theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JK Social services & welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare & social services::JKSN Social work ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRP Islam ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRV Aspects of religion::QRVG Theology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JK Social services and welfare, criminology::JKS Social welfare and social services::JKSN Social work
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 37
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: Dieses Open-Access Buch erläutert in einer praxisnahen Darstellung, wie sich Erbstreitigkeiten durch eine Mediation zügig und für alle Beteiligten sehr befriedigend beilegen lassen. Auf der Grundlage ihrer jahrelangen Mediationspraxis berichten die Verfasser, warum sich erbrechtliche Konflikte in besonderer Weise für pragmatische Kompromisse eignen und wie es gelingt, die Erben auf diesen Weg zu bringen. Das Buch versteht sich als Ratgeber für anwaltliche Berater, Mediatoren sowie für Erblasser und Erben und gibt vielfältige Hilfestellungen für kluges Konfliktmanagement in der Gestaltung und Abwicklung der Vermögensnachfolge.
    Schlagwort(e): Erbrecht ; Konfliktmanagement ; Mediation ; Erbstreit ; Konfliktlösung ; Nachfolgeplanung ; Familienunternehmen ; Streitbeilegung ; Mediatoren ; Vermögens- und Unternehmensnachfolge ; Erbrechtliche Konflikttypen ; Mediation als Konfliktlösungsverfahren ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LN Laws of specific jurisdictions and specific areas of law::LNA Legal systems: general::LNAC Legal systems: civil procedure, litigation and dispute resolution::LNAC5 Arbitration, mediation and alternative dispute resolution ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Systems of law: civil codes / civil law ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKM Clinical psychology::MKMT Psychotherapy
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 38
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.
    Schlagwort(e): Social Cognition ; Clinical Neuroscience ; Moral Emotions ; Embodiment ; Social bonding ; Interpersonal Neuroscience ; Rapid Emotional Responses ; Mirror Neurons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: This open access book is a pedagogical text on nuclear reactor experiments, covering almost all the experiments that can be carried out at the University Training Reactor, Kindai University (UTR-KINKI) with respect to reactor physics and radiation detection, and additionally including academic materials of test and research reactors, nuclear instrumentation, nuclear laws and regulations, in this main body. The book is an excellent primer for students who are interested in reactor physics, radiation detection, nuclear laws and regulations at universities, and the best textbook for students who have started to study the nuclear energy related fields to understand the basic theories and principles of the experiments in the fields of reactor physics and radiation detection. UTR-KINKI has been used for educational reactor experiments and basic research in a wide range of fields related to the use of radiation (neutrons, gamma-ray, beta-ray, alpha-ray, and X-ray), including reactor physics, radiation detection, radiation health physics, activation analysis, radiation biology, medical applications and archaeology. Also, UTR-KINKI has been actively engaged in nuclear education with its long history of operation, and has gained extensive experience in educational activities for undergraduate and graduate students, elementary, junior high and high school teachers, junior high and high school students, and general audiences.
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactor Physics ; Nuclear Education ; UTR-KINKI ; Reactor Physics ; Radiation Detection ; Test and Research Reactors ; Nuclear Instrumentation ; Nuclear Laws and Regulations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHM Atomic and molecular physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THK Nuclear power and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 40
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: From the perspective of translanguaging and instruction theories, this Open Access book examines Chinese English Medium Instruction (EMI) lecturers’ linguistic and pedagogical characteristics. This book demonstrate that ‘English’ in EMI is not a monolingual issue and EMI lecturers have applied their bilingual advantages to systematically and strategically advance their pedagogy practices through a translanguaging process. This book reflects upon EMI lecturers’ culture-imbedded teaching and learning philosophies and explores the implications of local classroom practices, such as topic-centered instruction and teacher presentation through demonstration. This book argues that EMI teaching is not an approach that can reach universal consent across linguistic, cultural and educational systems; it is an approach that is exclusively contextualised in the lecturers’ closely related cultural and educational system, and restricted by the available resources. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Teaching through English-Medium Instruction ; EMI teaching in China’s Higher Education ; Translanguaging use in EMI class ; Pedagogical strategies ; Topicality and methodological issues in EMI research ; Post-monolingual features of EMI class ; Educational internationalization in China ; EMI classroom practices in China ; Teacher preparation Chinese Higher Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education::JNMT Teacher training ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDG Curriculum planning and development ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 41
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-07
    Beschreibung: This multidisciplinary Open Access book provides nine problem-solving lectures for sustainable development for the planet and prosperity. Those are two of the five keywords for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): people, the planet, prosperity, peace, and partnerships, or “the 5Ps”. Each of these lectures is classified into one of the keywords for SDGs and based on law, economics, management, international trade, input–output analysis, or agricultural and urban engineering. Further, each lecture delineates the essence of each discipline when it is practically applied to development studies. This book, Sustainable Development Disciplines for Society, along with its sister volume related to the people, peace and partnerships, will be useful in studying development. Interdisciplinary research is necessary to achieve the SDGs advocated by the United Nations. Hence, it is essential to learn the basics of individual disciplines, as they each offer ample knowledge fostering problem solving through the accumulation of existing research. This and its sister volume are the first comprehensive textbooks summarizing the essence of each necessary discipline to approach development studies from an interdisciplinary perspective. In developing countries, this book will provide access to development research for readers aiming to further develop their own nations. Moreover, in developed countries, this book will provide access to problem-solving research for readers seeking holistic solutions to complex social problems.
    Schlagwort(e): Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ; Sustainable development economics ; Pollution regulatory ; Rural development ; Global food security ; Base of the pyramid (BOP) Business ; Foreign trade and foreign direct investment ; Structure of development ; Vernacular photographs ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCL International economics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCC Microeconomics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 42
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access textbook aims at providing detailed explanations on how to design and construct image analysis workflows to successfully conduct bioimage analysis. Addressing the main challenges in image data analysis, where acquisition by powerful imaging devices results in very large amounts of collected image data, the book discusses techniques relying on batch and GPU programming, as well as on powerful deep learning-based algorithms. In addition, downstream data processing techniques are introduced, such as Python libraries for data organization, plotting, and visualizations. Finally, by studying the way individual unique ideas are implemented in the workflows, readers are carefully guided through how the parameters driving biological systems are revealed by analyzing image data. These studies include segmentation of plant tissue epidermis, analysis of the spatial pattern of the eye development in fruit flies, and the analysis of collective cell migration dynamics. The presented content extends the Bioimage Data Analysis Workflows textbook (Miura, Sladoje, 2020), published in this same series, with new contributions and advanced material, while preserving the well-appreciated pedagogical approach adopted and promoted during the training schools for bioimage analysis organized within NEUBIAS – the Network of European Bioimage Analysts. This textbook is intended for advanced students in various fields of the life sciences and biomedicine, as well as staff scientists and faculty members who conduct regular quantitative analyses of microscopy images.
    Schlagwort(e): Analyzing Image Data in Biology ; Building a Bioimage Analysis Workflow ; Computational Analysis ; Chosing the Correct Components for Given Biological Questions ; Data Handling and Plotting ; Deep Learning ; Fast Computation ; GPU-Acceleration ; Handling Biological data ; Machine Learning ; Phyton ; Processing Language ; Understanding Bioimage Analysis Software ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSF Cellular biology (cytology) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSD Molecular biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 43
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book focuses on climate change, Indigenous reindeer husbandry, and the underlying concept of connecting the traditional knowledge of Indigenous reindeer herders in the Arctic with the latest research findings of the world’s leading academics. The Arctic and sub-Arctic environment, climate, and biodiversity are changing in ways unprecedented in the long histories of the north, challenging traditional ways of life, well-being, and food security with legitimate concerns for the future of traditional Indigenous livelihoods. The book provides a clear and thorough overview of the potential problems caused by a warming climate on reindeer husbandry and how reindeer herders’ knowledge should be brought to action. In particular, the predicted impacts of global warming on winter climate and the resilience of the reindeer herding communities are thoroughly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): Arctic societies ; Indigenous knowledge ; Reindeer husbandry in the Arctic ; Resilience to a changing Arctic ; Sami and reindeer herds ; Indigenous people communities ; Planning for adaptation action ; Climate change impacts ; Climate change mitigation ; Polar geography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 44
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: I have been teaching courses on experimental techniques in nuclear and particle physics to master students in physics and in engineering for many years. This book grew out of the lecture notes I made for these students. The physics and engineering students have rather different expectations of what such a course should be like. I hope that I have nevertheless managed to write a book that can satisfy the needs of these different target audiences. The lectures themselves, of course, need to be adapted to the needs of each group of students. An engineering student will not qu- tion a statement like “the velocity of the electrons in atoms is ?1% of the velocity of light”, a physics student will. Regarding units, I have written factors h and c explicitly in all equations throughout the book. For physics students it would be preferable to use the convention that is common in physics and omit these constants in the equations, but that would probably be confusing for the engineering students. Physics students tend to be more interested in theoretical physics courses. However, physics is an experimental science and physics students should und- stand how experiments work, and be able to make experiments work. This is an open access book. ; I have been teaching courses on experimental techniques in nuclear and particle physics to master students in physics and in engineering for many years. This book grew out of the lecture notes I made for these students. The physics and engineering students have rather different expectations of what such a course should be like. I hope that I have nevertheless managed to write a book that can satisfy the needs of these different target audiences. The lectures themselves, of course, need to be adapted to the needs of each group of students. An engineering student will not qu- tion a statement like “the velocity of the electrons in atoms is ?1% of the velocity of light”, a physics student will. Regarding units, I have written factors h and c explicitly in all equations throughout the book. For physics students it would be preferable to use the convention that is common in physics and omit these constants in the equations, but that would probably be confusing for the engineering students. Physics students tend to be more interested in theoretical physics courses. However, physics is an experimental science and physics students should und- stand how experiments work, and be able to make experiments work.
    Schlagwort(e): Neutron ; Particle Physics ; Particle accelerator ; detector gas ionization ; electronics nuclear detector ; meassurement technique nuclear ; particle acceleration ; principle particle accelerator ; radiation matter ; subatomic poarticles ; textbook detector ; textbook nuclear experiments ; textbook nuclear physics ; textbook particle acceleration ; textbook particle physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHM Atomic and molecular physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THK Nuclear power and engineering ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MQ Nursing and ancillary services::MQW Biomedical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 45
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book covers recent advances in experiments using the ultra-cold, very weakly perturbing superfluid environment provided by helium nanodroplets for high resolution spectroscopic, structural and dynamic studies of molecules and synthetic clusters. The recent infra-red, UV-Vis studies of radicals, molecules, clusters, ions and biomolecules, as well as laser dynamical and laser orientational studies, are reviewed. The Coulomb explosion studies of the uniquely quantum structures of small helium clusters, X-ray imaging of large droplets and electron diffraction of embedded molecules are also described. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and detection of new species by mass spectrometry and deposition electron microscopy.
    Schlagwort(e): Microscopic superfluidity ; X-ray imaging ; Spectroscopy of biomolecules ; Spectroscopic matrices ; Vibronic spectroscopy ; Rovibronic spectroscopy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHN Nuclear physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFB Low temperature physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 46
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This is an open access book. This course-tested text is an ideal starting point for engineers and physicists entering the field of particle accelerators. The fundamentals are comprehensively introduced, derivations of essential results are provided and a consistent notation style used throughout the book allows readers to quickly familiarize themselves with the field, providing a solid theoretical basis for further studies. Emphasis is placed on the essential features of the longitudinal motion of charged particle beams, together with the corresponding RF generation and power amplification devices for synchrotron and storage ring systems. In particular, electrical engineering aspects such as closed-loop control of system components are discussed. The book also offers a valuable resource for graduate students in physics, electronics engineering, or mathematics looking for an introductory and self-contained text on accelerator physics.
    Schlagwort(e): Closed-loop Control ; Longitudinal Beam Dynamics ; Low-Level RF (LLRF) Systems ; Particle Accelerator Technology ; RF Accelerating Cavities and Power Amplification ; Radio Frequency Systems ; Synchrotrons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TJ Electronics and communications engineering::TJF Electronics engineering::TJFN Microwave technology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 47
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: Bananas are a staple food for over 500 million people and are also an important cash crop. Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, is one of the most destructive diseases of banana globally. Since the 1990s, an aggressive variant of this fungus, called Tropical Race 4 (TR4), severely affected banana plantations in Southeast Asia from where it spread to other continents, including Latin America, where the global banana export market is primarily centred. TR4 is a soil borne pathogen making the disease difficult to contain. The Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture implemented a Coordinated Research Project (CRP) ‘Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with Disease Resistance for Coffee and Banana” (2015-2020). This CRP brought together experts from Asia, Europe and Africa in addition to experts of the Joint FAO/IAEA Centre to develop resistance against TR4 through mutation-assisted breeding. Induced mutagenesis is particularly attractive in case of banana since most cultivated bananas are seedless, thus hampering conventional cross breeding. This Open Access book is a compilation of the protocols developed under the CRP specifically for TR4. The first part covers methods for mutation induction, including the integrated use of innovative single-cell culture with mutagenesis techniques. The book also describes up-to-date phenotypic screening methods for TR4 resistance in banana under field-, greenhouse- and laboratory conditions. Finally, molecular and bioinformatics tools for genome-wide mutation discovery following Next Generation Sequencing are also described. Given the imminent threat of Fusarium Wilt TR4 on banana production globally, it is our hope and intention that the book will serve as a timely reference and guide for banana breeders and pathologists worldwide who are committed to the genetic improvement of banana for Fusarium wilt resistance.
    Schlagwort(e): Musa ; Fusarium wilt TR4 ; mutation breeding ; phenotyping ; genotyping ; NGS ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVB Agricultural science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 48
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book… During more than 10 years, from 1989 until 2000, the LEP accelerator and the four LEP experiments, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, have taken data for a large amount of measurements at the frontier of particle physics. The main outcome is a thorough and successful test of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. Mass and width of the Z and W bosons were measured precisely, as well as the Z and photon couplings to fermions and the couplings among gauge bosons. The rst part of this work will describe the most important physics results of the LEP experiments. Emphasis is put on the properties of the W boson, which was my main research eld at LEP. Especially the precise determination of its mass and its couplings to the other gauge bosons will be described. Details on physics effects like Colour Reconnection and Bose-Einstein Correlations in W-pair events shall be discussed as well. A conclusive summary of the current electroweak measurements, including low-energy results, as the pillars of possible future ndings will be given. The important contributions from Tevatron, like the measurement of the top quark and W mass, will round up the present day picture of electroweak particle physics. This is an open access book. ; During more than 10 years, from 1989 until 2000, the LEP accelerator and the four LEP experiments, ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL, have taken data for a large amount of measurements at the frontier of particle physics. The main outcome is a thorough and successful test of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. Mass and width of the Z and W bosons were measured precisely, as well as the Z and photon couplings to fermions and the couplings among gauge bosons. The rst part of this work will describe the most important physics results of the LEP experiments. Emphasis is put on the properties of the W boson, which was my main research eld at LEP. Especially the precise determination of its mass and its couplings to the other gauge bosons will be described. Details on physics effects like Colour Reconnection and Bose-Einstein Correlations in W-pair events shall be discussed as well. A conclusive summary of the current electroweak measurements, including low-energy results, as the pillars of possible future ndings will be given. The important contributions from Tevatron, like the measurement of the top quark and W mass, will round up the present day picture of electroweak particle physics.
    Schlagwort(e): Boson ; Electroweak physics ; Experiment ; Hadron ; Higgs physics ; Particle physics ; Standard Model ; W and Z bosons ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHM Atomic and molecular physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 49
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book offers a multidisciplinary dialogue on relational anthropology in contemporary economics. A particular view of the human being is often assumed in economic models, but seldom acknowledged let alone explicated. Addressing this neglected area of research in economic studies, altogether the contributors touch upon the importance and potential of virtues, the notions of freedom and self-love, the potential of simulation models, the dialectics of love, and questions of methodology in constructing a relational anthropology for contemporary economics. The overall result is a highly informative and constructive dialogue, establishing inter alia a research agenda for future collaborative and multidisciplinary study.
    Schlagwort(e): Reasonable Compromise ; Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics ; Towards a Relational Anthropology Fostering ; Economics of Human Flourishing ; God’s Work in the World ; The Deep Compatibility of Real Liberalism ; Homo Amans in the Economy: A Utopia? ; Homo Amans and Revolutionary Altruism ; the Anthropological Foundations of Economic Practice ; How to Change What Cannot be Changed ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 50
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This Open Access volume highlights how tree ring stable isotopes have been used to address a range of environmental issues from paleoclimatology to forest management, and anthropogenic impacts on forest growth. It will further evaluate weaknesses and strengths of isotope applications in tree rings. In contrast to older tree ring studies, which predominantly applied a pure statistical approach this book will focus on physiological mechanisms that influence isotopic signals and reflect environmental impacts. Focusing on connections between physiological responses and drivers of isotope variation will also clarify why environmental impacts are not linearly reflected in isotope ratios and tree ring widths. This volume will be of interest to any researcher and educator who uses tree rings (and other organic matter proxies) to reconstruct paleoclimate as well as to understand contemporary functional processes and anthropogenic influences on native ecosystems. The use of stable isotopes in biogeochemical studies has expanded greatly in recent years, making this volume a valuable resource to a growing and vibrant community of researchers.
    Schlagwort(e): paleoclimatology ; forest management ; anthropogenic impacts ; biogeochemical studies ; Ecology and Environment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TV Agriculture and farming::TVR Forestry and silviculture ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBX Palaeontology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 51
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book… There is significant interest in the Philosophy of Science community to understand the role that "effective theories" have in the work of forefront science. The ideas of effective theories have been implicit in science for a long time, but have only been articulated well in the last few decades. Since Wilson's renormalization group revolution in the early 1970's, the science community has come to more fully understand its power, and by the mid-1990's it had gained its apotheosis. It is still one of the most powerful concepts in science, which has direct impact in how one thinks about and formulates theories of nature. It is this power that this Brief sets out to emphasize through historical analysis and current examples. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Effectiv field theory ; Effective action ; Effective theories ; Naturalness and fine-tuning in theoretical physics ; Phenomenology ; Renormalization group ; Symmetries in Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 52
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book in the field of plant pest detection shows a constant demand in development and improvement of fast and reliable detection tools, especially for high-priority pests. This open access book describes and summarizes the whole process of the organization of test performance study (TPS) for these tools. The outcome of TPS, obtained through the evaluation of the performance of one or more diagnostic tests by several laboratories on defined samples, is the finding of the best performing test/s for particular pest and for specific uses. Nowadays the intensification of worldwide trade and associated controls increases the need for quality assurance accreditation and harmonization of laboratories practices. Therefore, such studies are very important, but, non-existent. Considering those facts, our goal was to develop guidelines, by using the data and experiences of involved partners, for further TPS in the field of plant health. Developed guidelines could be easily transferable to other microbiology fields.
    Schlagwort(e): test performance study ; diagnosis ; plant pest ; diagnostic laboratories ; interlaboratory trial ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 53
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This is an open access book. It is a compilation of case studies that provide useful knowledge and lessons that derive from on-the-ground activities and contribute to policy recommendations, focusing on the interlinkages between biodiversity and multiple dimensions of health (e.g., physical, mental, and spiritual) in managing socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS). This book provides insights on how SEPLS approaches can contribute to more sustainable management of natural resources, achieving global biodiversity and sustainable development goals, and good health for all. It is also expected to offer useful knowledge and information for an upcoming three-year thematic assessment of “the interlinkages among biodiversity, water, food, and health” (the so-called “nexus assessment”) by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The book begins with an introductory chapter followed by eleven case study chapters demonstrating the nexus between biodiversity, health, and sustainable development, and then a synthesis chapter clarifying the relevance of the case study findings to policy and academic discussions. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, and professionals in the field related to sustainable development.
    Schlagwort(e): Conserving biodiversity ; Well-being ; Sustainable development ; Local and regional development ; COVID-19 ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology::RNCB Biodiversity ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNF Environmental management
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 54
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book introduces the modern tontine and its applications in retirement and decumulation. Personal financial management in the later stages of life presents unique challenges, and renowned retirement planning expert Dr. Milevsky proposes the modern tontine as a solution. With the goal of guiding professionals and retirees in more efficient decumulation, the book demonstrates how to build a modern tontine. It is technically oriented, employing a cookbook format, featuring R code, and examining retirement planning through a statistical lens. This how-to guide, which is a sequel to his 2020 book “Retirement Income Recipes in R”, will be invaluable for retirement planning professionals and advisors, as well as for PhD scholars in retirement planning, quantitative finance, and related fields. This book is open access.
    Schlagwort(e): tontine ; risk management ; retirement ; decumulation ; insurance ; Business Analytics ; Mathematical Finance ; Statistical Finance ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJM Management and management techniques ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 55
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This unique collection of chapters from world experts on person-centered outcome (PCO) measures addresses the following critical questions: Can individual experiences be represented in measurements that do not reduce unique differences to meaningless uniformity? How person-centric are PCO measures? Are PCO measurements capable of delivering the kind of quality assured quantification required for high-stakes decision making? Are PCO measures likely to support improved health care delivery? Have pivotal clinical studies failed to deliver treatments for diseases because of shortcomings in the PCO measures used? Are these shortcomings primarily matters of precision and meaningfulness? Or is the lack of common languages for communicating outcomes also debilitating to quality improvement, research, and the health care economy? Three key issues form an urgent basis for further investigation. First, the numbers generated by PCO measures are increasingly used as the central dependent variables upon which high stakes decisions are made. The rising profile of PCO measures places new demands for higher quality information from scale and test construction, evaluation, selection, and interpretation. Second, PCO measurement science has well-established lessons to be learned from those who have built and established the science over many decades. Finally, the goal in making a PCO measurement is to inform outcome management. As such, it is vitally important that key stakeholders understand that, over the last half century, developments in psychometrics have refocused measurement on illuminating clinically important individual differences in the context of widely reproduced patterns of variation in health and functioning, comparable scale values for quality improvement, and practical explanatory models. This book’s audience includes anyone interested in person-centered care, including healthcare researchers and practitioners, policy makers, pharmaceutical industry representatives, clinicians, patient advocates, and metrologists. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): patient-centered outcomes ; psychometrics ; health measurement ; social measurement ; clinical outcome assessments ; patient reported outcomes ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology::JMBT Psychological testing and measurement ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services::MBPM Medical administration and management ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology::JMBT Psychological testing and measurement ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services::MBPM Medical administration and management
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book bridges common tools in medical imaging and neuroscience with the numerical solution of brain modelling PDEs. The connection between these areas is established through the use of two existing tools, FreeSurfer and FEniCS, and one novel tool, the SVM-Tk, developed for this book. The reader will learn the basics of magnetic resonance imaging and quickly proceed to generating their first FEniCS brain meshes from T1-weighted images. The book's presentation concludes with the reader solving a simplified PDE model of gadobutrol diffusion in the brain that incorporates diffusion tensor images, of various resolution, and complex, multi-domain, variable-resolution FEniCS meshes with detailed markings of anatomical brain regions. After completing this book, the reader will have a solid foundation for performing patient-specific finite element simulations of biomechanical models of the human brain.
    Schlagwort(e): magnetic resonance imaging ; Mesh generation ; mathematical modeling ; finite element methods ; scientific computing ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics::PBWH Mathematical modelling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDE Maths for scientists ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBK Calculus and mathematical analysis::PBKS Numerical analysis
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 57
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book contains a set of chapters covering all aspects of geosciences related to Kuwait and adjacent regions, including Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf states. It covers basic information about the geology including a wide range of geoscientific disciplines such as marine geology, structural geology, hydrogeology and geophysics related to the region. This book is aimed at researchers and students, as well as professionals in the field of hazard mitigation and petroleum exploration.
    Schlagwort(e): petroleum exploration Kuwait ; Ground water resources Kuwait ; Burgan oil field ; Zubair Formation ; Bubiyan Island ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBG Geology, geomorphology and the lithosphere::RBGB Sedimentology and pedology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 58
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book discusses the statistical modeling of insurance problems, a process which comprises data collection, data analysis and statistical model building to forecast insured events that may happen in the future. It presents the mathematical foundations behind these fundamental statistical concepts and how they can be applied in daily actuarial practice. Statistical modeling has a wide range of applications, and, depending on the application, the theoretical aspects may be weighted differently: here the main focus is on prediction rather than explanation. Starting with a presentation of state-of-the-art actuarial models, such as generalized linear models, the book then dives into modern machine learning tools such as neural networks and text recognition to improve predictive modeling with complex features. Providing practitioners with detailed guidance on how to apply machine learning methods to real-world data sets, and how to interpret the results without losing sight of the mathematical assumptions on which these methods are based, the book can serve as a modern basis for an actuarial education syllabus.
    Schlagwort(e): Deep Learning ; Actuarial Modeling ; Pricing and Claims Reserving ; Artificial Neural Networks ; Regression Modeling ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability and statistics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQM Machine learning ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UM Computer programming / software engineering::UMB Algorithms and data structures ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 59
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: The evolution of Australian radio astronomy from 1945 to 1960 has been studied in detail by numerous historians of science in recent years. This Open Access book is the first to present an overview of this remarkable chapter in Australian science. The book begins in the post-war period, as the Radiophysics Laboratory in Sydney switched from secret wartime research on radar to peacetime applications of this new technology. Next follows the detection of radio waves from space and the ensuing transformation of this fledgling science into the dominant research program at the Radiophysics Lab. Drawing from this history, the book shows how by 1960 the Radiophysics Lab had become the largest and most successful radio astronomy group in the world. The final chapter presents an overview of Australian radio astronomy from 1960 to the present day, as Australia prepares to co-host the multi-national, multi-billion-dollar Square Kilometre Array. Nearly 300 high-quality images complement the text, drawn from a wide range of sources including the extensive collection held by the CSIRO Radio Astronomy Image Archive. The book will be an essential reference for readers interested in the scientific and cultural development of radio astronomy. This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
    Schlagwort(e): History of radio astronomy ; CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory ; John Bolton ; Taffy Bowen ; Chris Christiansen ; Discrete radio sources ; Field stations ; Hydrogen-line studies ; Frank Kerr ; Mills Cross ; Bernie Mills ; Parkes Radio Telescope ; Joe Pawsey ; Ruby Payne-Scott ; Radio source surveys ; Radioheliograph ; Sea interferometers ; Alex Shain ; Solar bursts and eclipses ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 60
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access book offers a self-contained introduction to the homotopy theory of simplicial and dendroidal sets and spaces. These are essential for the study of categories, operads, and algebraic structure up to coherent homotopy. The dendroidal theory combines the combinatorics of trees with the theory of Quillen model categories. Dendroidal sets are a natural generalization of simplicial sets from the point of view of operads. In this book, the simplicial approach to higher category theory is generalized to a dendroidal approach to higher operad theory. This dendroidal theory of higher operads is carefully developed in this book. The book also provides an original account of the more established simplicial approach to infinity-categories, which is developed in parallel to the dendroidal theory to emphasize the similarities and differences. Simplicial and Dendroidal Homotopy Theory is a complete introduction, carefully written with the beginning researcher in mind and ideally suited for seminars and courses. It can also be used as a standalone introduction to simplicial homotopy theory and to the theory of infinity-categories, or a standalone introduction to the theory of Quillen model categories and Bousfield localization.
    Schlagwort(e): Operads ; infinity-operad ; infinity-category ; simplicial set ; dendroidal set ; simplicial space ; simplicial operad ; model categories ; Bousfield localization ; Boardman-Vogt ; higher algebra ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBC Mathematical foundations ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBP Topology::PBPD Algebraic topology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 61
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This open access monograph offers a detailed study and a systematic defense of a key intuition we typically have, as human beings, with respect to the nature of time: the intuition that the future is open, whereas the past is fixed. For example, whereas it seems unsettled whether there will be a fourth world war, it is settled that there was a first world war. The book contributes, in particular, three major and original insights. First, it provides a coherent, non-metaphorical, and metaphysically illuminating elucidation of the intuition. Second, it determines which model of the temporal structure of the world is most appropriate to accommodate the intuition, and settles on a specific version of the Growing Block Theory of time (GBT). Third, it puts forward a naturalistic foundation for GBT, by exploiting recent results of our best physics (viz. General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Gravity). Three main challenges are addressed: the dismissal of temporal asymmetries as non-fundamental phenomena only (e.g., thermodynamic or causal phenomena), the epistemic objection against GBT, and the apparent tension between GBT and relativistic physics. It is argued that the asymmetry between the open future and the fixed past must be grounded in the temporal structure of the world, and that this is neither precluded by our epistemic device, nor by the latest approaches to Quantum Gravity (​e.g., the Causal Set Theory). Aiming at reconciling time as we find it in ordinary experience and time as physics describes it, this ​innovative book ​will raise the interest of both academic researchers and ​graduate students working on the philosophy of time. More generally, it ​presents contents of interest for all metaphysicians and non-dogmatic philosophers of physics. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Open Future concept ; Fixed Past concept ; Future Contingents of time ; Bivalence ; Indeterminism ; Metaphysical Indeterminacy ; Temporal Becoming ; A-theory of Time ; Growing Block Theory ; Quantum Gravity ; Causal Set Theory ; Time-Travel ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHR Relativity physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory)
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 62
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This is an open access book. Histories we tell never emerge in a vacuum, and history as an academic discipline that studies the past is highly sensitive to the concerns of the present and the heated debates that can divide entire societies. But does the study of the past also have something to teach us about the future? Can history help us in coping with the planetary crisis we are now facing? By analyzing historical societies as complex adaptive systems, we contribute to contemporary thinking about societal-environmental interactions in policy and planning and consider how environmental and climatic changes, whether sudden high impact events or more subtle gradual changes, impacted human responses in the past. We ask how societal perceptions of such changes affect behavioral patterns and explanatory rationalities in premodernity, and whether a better historical understanding of these relationships can inform our response to contemporary problems of similar nature and magnitude, such as adapting to climate change.
    Schlagwort(e): History ; Climate Change ; sustainable development ; Social History ; Ecological change ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 63
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-03
    Beschreibung: This is an open access book. The book focuses mainly on the surgical technique, OR setup, equipments and devices necessary in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). It serves as a compendium of endolaparoscopic surgical procedures. It is an official publication of the Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgeons of Asia (ELSA). The book includes various sections covering basic skills set, devices, equipments, OR setup, procedures by area. Each chapter cover introduction, indications and contraindications, pre-operative patient’s assessment and preparation, OT setup (instrumentation required, patient’s position, etc.), step by step description of surgical procedures, management of complications, post-operative care. It includes original illustrations for better understanding and visualization of specific procedures. The book serves as a practical guide for surgical residents, surgical trainees, surgical fellows, junior surgeons, surgical consultants and anyone interested in MIS. It covers most of the basic and advanced laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery procedures meeting the curriculum and examination requirements of the residents.
    Schlagwort(e): Practical and instructive guide on MIS ; Robotic Surgery ; Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery ; Emergency Laparoscopic surgery ; Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery ; Endoscopic hernia repair surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNB Surgical techniques ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery::MNG Gastrointestinal and colorectal surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKS Medical imaging::MKSH Medical imaging: radiology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 64
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-01
    Beschreibung: This open access book describes the latest advances in the anal incontinence diagnostic and therapeutic processes. Anal incontinence is a devastating condition heavily impacting on the patients’ lives. Those suffering from this disorder are generally very embarrassed and reluctant to undergo an appropriate clinical evaluation, thus becoming more isolated and worsening the quality of their life. Luckily, nowadays a wide range of treatments is available to improve this oppressive condition; however, the recognition of the related pathophysiological alterations is mandatory to grant its successful management. This volume will help the surgeons community to keep abreast of developments in diagnostics and treatment of this impairing condition. and will provide all health professionals with the appropriate tools to face this impairing condition.
    Schlagwort(e): Continence mechanism ; Fecal incontinence ; Pelviperineal disorders ; Anal sphincter ; Continence Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJH Gastroenterology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJS Urology and urogenital medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKS Medical imaging::MKSH Medical imaging: radiology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 65
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-01
    Beschreibung: This open access book offers a comprehensive review of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a particular focus on the pathobiology and clinical aspects of the disease, including diagnosis and treatment. HCC is becoming one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. It is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the ninth in women, with an estimated 500,000 to 1 million new cases annually around the world. Independent of its cause, cirrhosis is considered a major clinical and histopathological risk factor for HCC development. Five percent of all cirrhotic patients develop HCC every year. Diagnostic tools for HCC include blood tests, high-quality imaging studies and liver biopsy. The treatment of HCC depends on the size and location of the HCC and includes surgical resection, liver transplantation, endovascular approaches, percutaneous ablation, and medical treatments. The book is organized into four parts – overview, diagnosis, management strategies, and recommendations – and aims to provide surgeons and clinicians with a valuable resource for complete and up-to-date research on the clinical aspects and management of HCC.
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatic resection ; Liver Transplantation ; Radioembolization ; Cirrhosis ; ALPPS ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MN Surgery ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MJ Clinical and internal medicine::MJH Gastroenterology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBP Health systems and services::MBPC General practice / Family medicine
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 66
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-01
    Beschreibung: This open access book brings science and practice together and inspires a global movement towards co-creating regenerative civilizations that work for 100% of humanity and the Earth as a whole. With its conceptual foundation of the concept of transformation literacy it enhances the knowledge and capacity of decision-makers, change agents and institutional actors to steward transformations effectively across institutions, societal sectors and nations. Humanity is at crossroads. Resource depletion and exponential emissions that not only cause climate change, but endanger the health of people and planet, call for a decisive turnaround of human civilization. A new and transformative paradigm is emerging that advocates for regenerative civilizations, in which a narrative of systemic health as much as individual and collective vitality guide the interaction of socio-economic-ecological systems. Truly transformative change must go far beyond technical solutions, and instead envision what can be termed ‘a new operating system’ that helps humankind to live well within the planetary boundaries and partner with life’s evolutionary processes. This requires transformations at three different levels: · Mindsets that reconnect with a worldview in which human agency acknowledges its co-evolutionary pathways with each other and the Earth. · Political, social and economic systems that are regenerative and foster the care-taking for Earth life support systems. · Competencies to design and implement effective large-scale transformative change processes at multiple levels with multiple stakeholders. This book provides key ingredients for enhancing transformation literacy from various perspectives around the globe. It connects the emerging practice of stewarding transformative change across business, government institutions and civil society actors with the most promising scientific models and concepts that underpin human action to shape the future collectively in accordance with planetary needs. ;
    Schlagwort(e): Regenerative Civilization ; Sustainability ; Transformation ; Collective Stewardship. ; Climate Action ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKV Environmental medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 67
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access volume analyses the development of democracy at different levels of governance (from local to global). The Basque search for an institutional and democratic model that adapts to its social needs and solves its problems offers an interesting perspective for analyzing the way in which democracy is seeking new forms of materialization from the local to the global. The volume is divided into four parts. The chapters in Part I analyze the tensions between the neoliberal vision of democracy and the voices contesting it, with projections at different levels of government. The chapters in Part II focus on the emerging framework and scales of Western democracy. The chapters in Part III present new forms of citizen participation, paying special - though not exclusive - attention to new practical strategies for Basque society. The volume concludes with a block of chapters on the relevance of reviewing the methodological and epistemological frameworks from which knowledge about democracy and mechanisms of citizen participation is generated (Part IV). By delving deeper into the idea and practice of democratic governance, this volume will be of interest to researchers and students from all disciplines of politics, international relations, sociology and law.
    Schlagwort(e): Basque Country ; Basque society ; Western democracy ; neolibralism ; inequality ; citizen participation ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 68
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open-access book presents cutting-edge research on securitization and democratic development in the OSCE Region. Gathering contributions by practitioners and researchers from various disciplines, it presents case studies and highlights recent activities of proactive engagement in democratic institution-building and responding to security threats from the Balkans to Central Asia. The volume is divided into three parts, the first of which focuses on security-related matters, armed conflicts, minorities, and women’s safety, as well as the roles that civil society, foreign governments, social media, and external donors play in this area. These contributions illustrate how the OSCE’s informal approach to peace, security, and securitization as norm entrepreneur is closely linked to the level of democracy among its member states. The second part presents a special section on the political implications of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), assessing the impact of this infrastructural program on the levels of democracy and/or autocracy in Eurasia. The third part consists of short chapters outlining future research and debates. The book will appeal to students and scholars of international relations, security studies, and the human rights-politics nexus. This is the 2022 instalment in a series of books released by the OSCE Academy in Bishkek. The OSCE works to promote Minority Protection, Security, Democratic Development and Human Rights, guided by the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), and to enhance securitization and development policies in Eurasia, Europe, Central Asia and North America. Since being founded in 1993, the OSCE and its agencies and departments have attracted a wealth of academic research in various fields and disciplines, ranging from economic development and election monitoring to enhancing global principles of human rights and securitization.
    Schlagwort(e): Security Architecture in Eurasia ; Eurasian Regional Integration ; Western Balkan Region ; China’s Belt and Road Initiative ; Democracy in Eurasia ; Glocal Governance ; Great Power Rivalry in Central Asia ; Norm entrepreneurs ; Security studies ; Human rights ; Central Europe and Central Asia ; OSCE Region ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPW Political activism / Political engagement::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 69
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents an actor-centered study on Europeanization, based on the assumption that EU-driven reforms are highly dependent on the behavior and interests of the key domestic actors. Whether or not a state pursues a European and democratic agenda depends on domestic lawmakers. Further, political elites are pre-eminent in deciding on the nature, form and content of any law, and on the extent to which the rule of law is actually enforced. Elites can overcome structural or institutional barriers that stand in the way of achieving their goals. The empirical study on Romania presented here lends this observation a more profound meaning: it shows how, in contexts where high level corruption is the norm rather than the exception, self-serving political elites cannot be expected to genuinely commit to adopting sound anti-corruption reform. The book is an inquiry into the motivations that drive legislators to make particular decisions, but also into the structural characteristics and dynamics of the elite that invite a selfish rather than responsible and responsive behaviour. This publication was supported by funds from the Publication Fund for Open Access Monographs of the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany.
    Schlagwort(e): Europeanization ; Romania ; European Union ; EU ; post-accession conditionality ; Central and Eastern Europe ; political elite ; corruption ; justice reform ; civil society empowerment ; European Union Politics ; Russian and Post-Soviet Politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPB Comparative politics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 70
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This book is about the ways in which experiments can be employed in the context of research on learning technologies and child–computer interaction (CCI). It is directed at researchers, supporting them to employ experimental studies while increasing their quality and rigor. The book provides a complete and comprehensive description on how to design, implement, and report experiments, with a focus on and examples from CCI and learning technology research. The topics covered include an introduction to CCI and learning technologies as interdisciplinary fields of research, how to design educational interfaces and visualizations that support experimental studies, the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of experiments, methodological decisions in designing and conducting experiments (e.g. devising hypotheses and selecting measures), and the reporting of results. As well, a brief introduction on how contemporary advances in data science, artificial intelligence, and sensor data have impacted learning technology and CCI research is presented. The book details three important issues that a learning technology and CCI researcher needs to be aware of: the importance of the context, ethical considerations, and working with children. The motivation behind and emphasis of this book is helping prospective CCI and learning technology researchers (a) to evaluate the circumstances that favor (or do not favor) the use of experiments, (b) to make the necessary methodological decisions about the type and features of the experiment, (c) to design the necessary “artifacts” (e.g., prototype systems, interfaces, materials, and procedures), (d) to operationalize and conduct experimental procedures to minimize potential bias, and (e) to report the results of their studies for successful dissemination in top-tier venues (such as journals and conferences). This book is an open access publication.
    Schlagwort(e): Experimental studies ; Child-Computer Interaction ; Learning Technology ; User studies ; Methodological decisions ; CCI ; HCI ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human-computer interaction::UYZG User interface design & usability ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYZ Human–computer interaction::UYZG User interface design and usability
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 71
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a unique research perspective on life course transitions. Here, transitions are understood as social processes and practices. Leveraging the recent “practice turn” in the social sciences, the contributors analyze how life course transitions are “done.” This book introduces the concept of “doing transitions” and its implications for theories and methods. It presents fresh empirical research on “doing transitions” in different life phases (e.g., childhood, young adulthood, later life) and life domains (e.g., education, work, family, health, migration). It also emphasizes themes related to institutions and organizations, time and normativity, materialities (such as bodies, spaces, and artifacts), and the reproduction of social inequalities in education and welfare. In coupling this new perspective with empirical illustrations, this book is an indispensable resource for scholars from demography, sociology, psychology, social work and other scientific fields, as well as for students, counselors and practitioners, and policymakers.
    Schlagwort(e): Transitions in the life course ; Life course and biography ; Transitions as social practice ; Doing difference and social inequalities ; Social inclusion and exclusion ; Doing transitions in the life course ; Discoursive articulation of transitions in the life course ; Institutional regulation of the life course ; Individual coping with life course transitions ; Education and the life course ; Welfare and the life course ; Doing gender in the life course ; Migration and transitions ; Transitions from education to work ; Relational research perspectives ; Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population and demography
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 72
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book addresses the growing trend in the field of early childhood education and care (ECEC) research named collaborative knowledge building in which researchers and ECEC personnel collaborate. This kind of research encompasses a number of approaches, such as design studies, action studies, Learning Studies, Lesson Studies, and combined research and development studies. There are important differences between these approaches, but they also share some features, which makes it possible to see them as examples of a particular tradition of knowledge building. Collaborative knowledge building constitutes close ties between developing practices of early childhood education and care, and generating empirically grounded theoretical knowledge. This book contributes to the methodology of practices-developing research by mapping this movement through exemplifying themes actualised in such studies, and through conceptualizing important and recurring gains and challenges. It also describes how the latter can be taken on.
    Schlagwort(e): practice-developing research ; researcher-teacher collaborative knowledge building ; inter-professions collaboration ; practice based mathematics education research ; toddlers’ mathematical development in Swedish preschools ; metacognitive approach to children’s learning ; Research-practice collaboration ; Competence development ; preschool education for immigrant children ; knowledge creating practices in partnership research ; Play-responsive teaching ; practice-based research ; foundational ethos of collaboration ; participatory-driven creative learning ; teachers as agents in the research process ; interprofessional dialogue (MIROR) ; de-reifying language in research ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLA Pre-school & kindergarten ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 73
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This open access book is the result of the 1st International Conference on Evaluating Challenges in the Implementation of EU Cohesion Policy (EvEUCoP 2022). It presents the recent findings, sparks discussion, and reveals new research paths addressing the use of novel methodologies and approaches to tackle the challenges and opportunities that are unveiled with the implementation of the EU cohesion policy. The authors cover a wide range of topics including the monitoring of data; the clearness of indicators in measuring the impact of interventions; novel evaluation methods, addressing the mid-term and terminal assessment; as well as case studies and applications on evaluations of the thematic objectives under the scrutiny of the cohesion policy, namely: • Research, technological development, and innovation; • Information and communication technologies; • Shift toward a low-carbon economy. During the 2014-2020 programmatic period, member states were required to undertake assessments to evaluate the efficacy, efficiency, and impact of each operational program. Such evaluations are generally concerned with the compliance of projects and activities with programmatic priorities, as well as with funds' absorption capacity and refer to ex-ante and ex-post assessments. Hence, this book proposes the use of novel methodologies addressing the mid-term and terminal assessments that enable performing the efficiency appraisal of the operational programs and that can support decision-makers in the selection of projects that should be awarded for funding.
    Schlagwort(e): European Union policy ; European regional development funds ; Small and mid-sized enterprises ; Low-carbon economy ; Information and communication technologies ; Smart specialization ; Research and Innovation ; Energy efficiency ; Data envelopment analysis ; Meta-analysis ; Implementation of EU funds ; Youth ; Eastern Europe ; European structural and investment funds ; Machine learning models ; ERDF ; DEA models ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPP Public administration ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 74
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This handbook aims to bridge the gap between the fields of positive psychology and the psychology of religion and spirituality. It is the authoritative guide to the intersections among religion, spirituality, and positive psychology and includes the following sections: (1) historical and theoretical considerations, (2) methodological considerations, (3) cultural considerations, (4) developmental considerations, (5) empirical research on happiness and well-being in relation to religion and spirituality, (6) empirical research on character strengths and virtues in relation to religion and spirituality, (7) clinical and applied considerations, and (8) field unification and advancement. Leading positive psychologists and psychologists of religion/spirituality have coauthored the chapters, drawing on expertise from their respective fields. The handbook is useful for social and clinical scientists, practitioners in helping professions, practitioners in religious and spiritual fields, and students of psychology and religion/spirituality. This is an open access book.
    Schlagwort(e): Religion ; Spirituality ; Positive psychology ; virtues ; character strengths ; health ; well-being ; happiness ; culture ; development ; meaning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: This book is about scientific inquiry. Designed for early and mid-career researchers, it is a practical manual for conducting and communicating high-quality research in (mathematics) education. Based on the authors’ extensive experience as researchers, as mentors, and as members of the editorial team for the Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME), this book directly speaks to researchers and their communities about each phase of the process for conceptualizing, conducting, and communicating high-quality research in (mathematics) education. In the late 2010s, both JRME and Educational Studies in Mathematics celebrated 50 years of publishing high-quality research in mathematics education. Many advances in the field have occurred since the establishment of these journals, and these anniversaries marked a milestone in research in mathematics education. Indeed, fifty years represents a small step for human history but a giant leap for mathematics education. The educational research community in general (and the mathematics education community in particular) has strongly advocated for original research, placing great emphasis on building knowledge and capacity in the field. Because it is an interdisciplinary field, mathematics education has integrated means and methods for scientific inquiry from multiple disciplines. Now that the field is gaining maturity, it is a good time to take a step back and systematically consider how mathematics education researchers can engage in significant, impactful scientific inquiry.
    Schlagwort(e): Research questions ; Hypotheses ; Theoretical framework ; Scientific inquiry ; Robust methods ; Interpretation of findings ; Pilot study ; Unexpected findings ; Continuous improvement ; Communicating research ; Learning opportunities ; Impact on practice ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study & learning skills: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNZ Study and learning skills: general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 76
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-29
    Beschreibung: AI (Artificial Intelligence) is predicted to radically change teaching and learning in both schools and industry causing radical disruption of work. AI can support well-being initiatives and lifelong learning but educational institutions and companies need to take the changing technology into account. Moving towards AI supported by digital tools requires a dramatic shift in the concept of learning, expertise and the businesses built off of it. Based on the latest research on AI and how it is changing learning and education, this book will focus on the enormous opportunities to expand educational settings with AI for learning in and beyond the traditional classroom. This open access book also introduces ethical challenges related to learning and education, while connecting human learning and machine learning. This book will be of use to a variety of readers, including researchers, AI users, companies and policy makers.
    Schlagwort(e): artificial intelligence ; life-long learning ; tutoring ; virtual learning ; learning analytics ; well-being ; simulations ; games ; intelligent digital tools ; deep learning ; robotics ; human-machine interaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UB Information technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UB Information technology: general topics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 77
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-24
    Beschreibung: This open access book analyzes language education through a socio-material framework. The authors revisit their position as researchers by decentering themselves and humans in general from the main focus of research activities and giving way to the materialities that are agentive but often overlooked parts of our research contexts and processes. Through this critical posthumanist realism, they are able to engage in research that sees society as an ethical interrelationship between humans and the material world and explore the socio-materialities of language education from the perspectives of material agency, spatial and embodied materiality, and human and non-human assemblages. Each chapter explores language educational contexts through a unique lens of (socio)materiality. Based on how the authors conceptualize (socio)materiality, the book is organized in three sections that seek answers to the following overarching questions: In what ways do material agencies emerge in language educational contexts? How are educational choices and experiences intertwined with materialities of spaces and bodies? What assemblages of human and non-human may occur in language education contexts? Each chapter questions, in its own way, the notion of the human subject as rational, enlightened being and sole possessor of agency, and offers examples of allowing for other-than-human agency to enter the picture. Together, the contributors exemplify how researchers who have been committed to social constructionist thinking for most of their careers learn to make space for new theories, thus inspiring and encouraging readers to remain open for new intellectual and embodied endeavors.
    Schlagwort(e): Materialism in Language Education ; Materialism and Language ; Agential Realism and Language Education ; Social Justice and Language Education ; Change in Language Education ; Constructivist Approaches for Socially just Applied Linguistics ; The 2012 Flemish Educational Reform Debate ; Co-located Schools ; Resources, Means and Modalities of Language Learning ; Changes in Language Assessment ; Hybrid Language Classrooms ; New Materialism Theory ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-24
    Beschreibung: This open access book presents an account of five teacher educators who, over a two-year period, undertook a research project with five teachers of languages other than English in pre-secondary schools in New Zealand. Their collaborative aim was to develop students’ intercultural capability in the context of learning a new language. The school participants were typical of many in New Zealand’s pre-secondary sector; the teachers had limited language-teaching experience and limited prior knowledge of how to develop the intercultural dimension in their language classrooms, and the students were largely at the beginning stages of learning a new language. The book discusses the findings obtained using a range of data collection methods, including classroom observations, reflective interviews with teachers, and focus groups with students. It documents instances of breakthrough and growth for teachers and students and reveals the problems and tensions. Lastly, it reflects on the lessons learned in the course of this project and speculates on the roles that teacher education needs to play if the goal of intercultural capability is to be better achieved in language classrooms, both in New Zealand and internationally. Of interest to a wide range of stakeholders in the area of education, the book allows readers to gain an understanding of the opportunities of working with teachers through an action–research model, alongside the challenges that this brings and ways in which intercultural capability may be strengthened.
    Schlagwort(e): Communicative Language Teaching ; Language Education in New Zealand ; Language Education Curriculum ; Intercultural Skills ; Intercultural Language Pedagogy ; New Zealand Schools ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CJ Language teaching and learning ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 79
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-24
    Beschreibung: This open access book addresses communicative aspects of the current COVID-19 pandemic as well as the epidemic of misinformation from the perspective of argumentation theory. Argumentation theory is uniquely placed to understand and account for the challenges of public reason as expressed through argumentative discourse. The book thus focuses on the extent to which the forms, norms and functions of public argumentation have changed in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. This question is investigated along the three main research lines of the COST Action project CA 17132: European network for Argumentation and Public PoLicY analysis (APPLY): descriptive, normative, and prescriptive. The volume offers a broad range of contributions which treat argumentative phenomena that are directly related to the changes in public discourse in the wake of the outburst of COVID-19. The volume additionally places particular emphasis on expert argumentation, given (i) the importance expert discourse has had over the last two years, and (ii) the challenges that expert argumentation has faced in the public sphere as a result of scientific uncertainty and widespread misinformation. Contributions are divided into three groups, which (i) examine various features and aspects of public and institutional discourse about the COVID-19 pandemic, (ii) scrutinize the way health policies have been discussed, debated, attacked and defended in the public sphere, and (iii) consider a range of proposals meant to improve the quality of public discourse, and public deliberation in particular, in such a way that concrete proposals for argumentative literacy will be brought to light. Overall, this volume constitutes a timely inquiry into all things argumentative in pandemic discourse. This volume is of interest to a broad readership including philosophers, linguists, communication and legal scholars, and members of the wider public who seek to better understand the discourse surrounding communicative phenomena in times of crisis. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding organisation for research and innovation networks. For more information: www.cost.eu
    Schlagwort(e): Argument Propagation ; Fake News Propagation ; Argumentation Covid ; Misinformation Pandemic ; Conspiracy Theory Covid ; Argumentative Literacy ; Public Debate ; Trust/Mistrust in Science ; Public Health Discourse ; Political Interference and Argumentative Styles ; Metalinguistic Arguments on What Counts As “Covid-19 Death” ; Evaluative Component in Pragmatic Argumentation ; public Discourse First Wave Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic in Italy ; Controversies and Dispute in France During the Covid-19 Crisis ; Analysing the Public Debate About Lockdown ; Responding to the COVID Conspiracy Theories ; Why Narratives are More Powerful Arguments than Fact-Checking ; Expanded Understanding of the Role of Analogy ; Argumentative Dark Side of Pandemic Discourse ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFA Philosophy of language ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 80
    facet.materialart.
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-24
    Beschreibung: This open access book provides a detailed and up-to-date account of the relevant literature on the legibility of different kinds of typefaces, which goes back over 140 years in the case of reading from paper and more than 50 years in the case of reading from screens. It describes the origins of serif and sans serif styles in ancient inscriptions, their adoption in modern printing techniques, and their legibility in different situations and in different populations of readers. It also examines recent research on the legibility of serif and sans serif typefaces when used with internet browsers, smartphones and other hand-held devices. The book investigates the difference in the legibility of serif typefaces and sans serif typefaces when they are used to produce printed material or when they are used to present material on computer monitors or other screens and it explores the differences in readers’ preferences among typefaces. The book’s main focus is on the psychology of reading, but there are clear implications for education and publishing. Indeed, the book can be read with benefit by anyone concerned with communicating with others through written text, whether it is printed on paper or displayed on computer screens.
    Schlagwort(e): Legibility of text ; Reading from paper ; Reading from screens ; Sans serif typefaces ; Serif typefaces ; Typography and typographic design ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFC Literacy ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CB Language: reference and general ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNU Teaching of a specific subject
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-26
    Beschreibung: For the past 50 years, gas hydrates have been regarded by scientists as part of the hydrocarbon reserves, particularly at governmental institutions. A better understanding of the processes controlling the distribution and dynamics of gas hydrates in nature, especially their sensitivity to changes in gas composition, pressure and temperature, requires both theoretical knowledge of their stability and dynamic behavior and knowledge of how gas hydrates form and where they occur in the sediment. Geophysical data, geochemical data and thermodynamic models indicate that both the rate of response and the total integrated response to climate change in the ocean depend on the location and forms in which hydrates are distributed. Thus, mapping gas hydrates by indirect geophysical methods or through dedicated drilling campaigns is fundamental to all research involving gas hydrates. This includes studies of their role in climate change, their consequences for slope stability, their role at the base of the food web for benthic ecosystems and their potential as a future energy resource. Here we provide a brief introduction to the occurrence of gas hydrates on Earth, and how this information may assist in detecting them on other planetary bodies.
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-26
    Beschreibung: New Zealand’s large offshore region is dominated by the collision of the Pacific and Australian Plates. Gas hydrates have been identified in three areas: the Hikurangi Margin, the Taranaki and Northland Basins, and the Fiordland-Puysegur Margin. The Hikurangi Margin subduction margin to the east of the North Island stands out, displaying numerous indications of highly-concentrated gas hydrate occurrences. This subduction zone constitutes an environment with high fluid flow and rapidly changing pressure–temperature conditions, leading to anomalies such as the occurrence of double-bottom simulating reflections (BSRs). The Taranaki and Northland Basins west of the North Island is New Zealand’s most prominent petroleum province. So far, however, only limited evidence for hydrate occurrence has been found there. BSRs have also been detected south of the South Island along the Fiordland-Puysegur Margin, an incipient subduction zone. It is likely that gas hydrates are present elsewhere along New Zealand’s vast continental margins.
    Materialart: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-23
    Beschreibung: This paper discusses the challenges of applying a data analytics pipeline for a large volume of data as can be found in natural and life sciences. To address this challenge, we attempt to elaborate an approach for an improved detection of outliers. We discuss an approach for outlier quantification for bathymetric data. As a use case, we selected ocean science (multibeam) data to calculate the outlierness for each data point. The benefit of outlier quantification is a more accurate estimation of which outliers should be removed or further analyzed. To shed light on the subject, this paper is structured as follows: first, a summary of related works on outlier detection is provided. The usefulness for a structured approach of outlier quantification is then discussed using multibeam data. This is followed by a presentation of the challenges for a suitable solution, and the paper concludes with a summary.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-14
    Beschreibung: In its Sixth Assessment Report Cycle (AR6), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) aims to strengthen the communication of its products. As the only mandatory part of IPCC reports specifically targeting a lay audience, the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) provide an opportunity for broader communication of key IPCC topics. AR6 has released three Special Reports that include FAQs, varying in number and structure, as well as the approach taken to develop them. Using these Special Report FAQs, in this essay, we take stock of current efforts to co-develop IPCC FAQs and provide recommendations to strengthen the impact of these highly useful yet currently under-utilised resources. Building on evidence from a user survey, text analysis and social media statistics, we find that bringing together IPCC authors and communication specialists to jointly develop the text and graphics increases the accessibility and usefulness of the FAQs. Efforts made for informative visuals additionally increase their impact on social media. To maximise the potential and impact of the IPCC FAQs, we recommend involving communication experts from the beginning of the drafting process to share responsibility, which requires sufficient resources to be allocated to the FAQs. We also suggest developing common FAQ guidelines across Working Groups so future assessment reports can ensure all FAQs are an effective and useful tool for IPCC communication. We also hope that other scientific institutions and projects that wish to summarise scientific content for diverse audiences can benefit from our lessons learned.
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  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-13
    Beschreibung: In küstennahen Gewässern ist es von Vorteil, satellitengestützte optische Messungen des Meeres mit visuellen und sensorischen Beobachtungen von Tauchrobotern zu fusionieren. Obwohl Satelliten nur wenige Meter tief in Gewässer hineinschauen können, ist es möglich, generelle Wassereigenschaften oder den Bodenbewuchs von Küstengewässern zu bestimmen. Visuelle und sensorische Tauchroboterbeobachtungen sind hierzu komplementär und können auch tiefere Gewässer erreichen. Das mitgeführte künstliche Licht wird jedoch stark gestreut und erfordert andere Messmodelle. Zusätzlich sind die räumlichen und spektralen Auflösungen der Beobachtungen oftmals sehr unterschiedlich. Wir analysieren hier die damit verbundenen Problematiken und skizzieren Wege, wie die Fusion der grundverschiedenen Messungen dennoch gelingen könnte.
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Climate change alters species distributions by shifting their fundamental niche in space through time. Such effects may be exacerbated by increased inter-specific competition if climate alters species dominance where competitor ranges overlap. This study used census data, telemetry and stable isotopes to examine the population and foraging ecology of a pair of Arctic and temperate congeners across an extensive zone of sympatry in Iceland, where sea temperatures varied substantially. The abundance of Arctic Brünnich’s guillemot Uria lomvia declined with sea temperature. Accessibility of refugia in cold water currents or fjords helped support higher numbers and reduce rates of population decline. Competition with temperate Common guillemots Uria aalge did not affect abundance, but similarities in foraging ecology were sufficient to cause competition when resources are limiting. Continued warming is likely to lead to further declines of Brünnich’s guillemot, with implications for conservation status and ecosystem services
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: In addition to being a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, biological invasions also have profound impacts on economies and human wellbeing. However, the threats posed by invasive species often do not receive adequate attention and lack targeted management. In part, this may result from different or even ambivalent perceptions of invasive species which have a dual effect for stakeholders—being simultaneously a benefit and a burden. For these species, literature that synthesizes best practice is very limited, and analyses providing a comprehensive understanding of their economics are generally lacking. This has resulted in a critical gap in our understanding of the underlying trade-offs surrounding management efforts and approaches. Here, we explore qualitative trends in the literature for invasive species with dual effects, drawing from both the recently compiled InvaCost database and international case studies. The few invasive species with dual roles in InvaCost provide evidence for a temporal increase in reporting of costs, but with benefits relatively sporadically reported alongside costs. We discuss methods, management, assessment and policy frameworks dedicated to these species, along with lessons learned, complexities and persisting knowledge gaps. Our analysis points at the need to enhance scientific understanding of those species through inter- and cross-disciplinary efforts that can help advance their management.
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Interannual sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean lead to anomalous atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns with important ecological and socioeconomic consequences for the semiarid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and northeast Brazil. This interannual SST variability is characterized by three modes: an Atlantic meridional mode featuring an anomalous cross-equatorial SST gradient that peaks in boreal spring; an Atlantic zonal mode (Atlantic Nino mode) with SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Atlantic cold tongue region that peaks in boreal summer; and a second zonal mode of variability with eastern equatorial SST anomalies peaking in boreal winter. Here we investigate the extent to which there is any seasonality in the relationship between equatorial warm water recharge and the development of eastern equatorial Atlantic SST anomalies. Seasonally stratified cross-correlation analysis between eastern equatorial Atlantic SST anomalies and equatorial heat content anomalies (evaluated using warm water volume and sea surface height) indicate that while equatorial heat content changes do occasionally play a role in the development of boreal summer Atlantic zonal mode events, they contribute more consistently to Atlantic Nino II, boreal winter events. Event and composite analysis of ocean adjustment with a shallow water model suggest that the warm water volume anomalies originate mainly from the off-equatorial northwestern Atlantic, in agreement with previous studies linking them to anomalous wind stress curl associated with the Atlantic meridional mode.
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: A new box model is employed to simulate the oxygen-dependent cycling of nutrients in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Model results and data for the present state of the OMZ indicate that dissolved iron is the limiting nutrient for primary production and is provided by the release of dissolved ferrous iron from shelf and slope sediments. Most of the removal of reactive nitrogen occurs by anaerobic oxidation of ammonium where ammonium is delivered by aerobic organic nitrogen degradation. Model experiments simulating the effects of ocean deoxygenation and warming show that the productivity of the Peruvian OMZ will increase due to the enhanced release of dissolved iron from shelf and slope sediments. A positive feedback loop rooted in the oxygen-dependent benthic iron release amplifies, both, the productivity rise and oxygen decline in ambient bottom waters. Hence, a 1% decline in oxygen supply reduces oxygen concentrations in sub-surface waters of the continental margin by 22%. The trend towards enhanced productivity and amplified deoxygenation will continue until further phytoplankton growth is limited by the loss of reactive nitrogen. Under nitrogen-limitation, the redox state of the OMZ is stabilized by negative feedbacks. A further increase in productivity and transition to sulfidic conditions is only possible if the rate of nitrogen fixation increases drastically under anoxic conditions. Such a transition would lead to a wide-spread accumulation of toxic sulfide with detrimental consequences for fishery yields in the Peruvian OMZ that currently provides a significant fraction of the global fish catch.
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Wetlands are amongst the world’s most important ecosystems, providing direct and indirect benefits to local communities. However, wetlands worldwide continue to be degraded due to unsustainable use and improper resource management. In this paper, we assess the perceptions, importance, management and utilisation of wetlands among local community members using a household questionnaire and field observations within the seven Thulamela municipality wetlands, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve in South Africa. Seven wetlands were chosen for the study, with 140 household respondents randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. The study indicated that wetlands were beneficial in supporting local communities through resource provisioning. The unemployment rate and household respondents’ income were the main contributors to increased wetland dependency and utilisation. We found that urban and rural developments, unregulated use and extensive agricultural practices (i.e., cultivation, livestock grazing) have resulted in wetland degradation. We observed that the local communities around the wetlands were interested in the benefits they receive from wetlands when compared to their conservation. Furthermore, the study observed poor wetland co-management or collaboration among the local stakeholders. This has resulted in a lack of openly known, active platforms to discuss wetlands management issues. These results highlight that centralized, top–down approaches to wetland use are insufficient for maintaining and managing wetland ecosystems, posing a challenge to sustainable wetland management. Therefore, there is a need to develop a shared understanding through bottom-up approaches to wetland management nested within national regulatory frameworks, ideally combined with awareness building and knowledge sharing on ecological benefits and management of wetlands.
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  • 91
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    Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: This world atlas presents a comprehensive overview of the gas-hydrate systems of our planet with contributions from esteemed international researchers from academia, governmental institutions and hydrocarbon industries. The book illustrates, describes and discusses gas hydrate systems, their geophysical evidence and their future prospects for climate change and continental margin geohazards from passive to active margins. This includes passive volcanic to non-volcanic margins including glaciated and non-glaciated margins from high to low latitudes. Shallow submarine gas hydrates allow a glimpse into the past from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to modern environmental conditions to predict potential changes in future stability conditions while deep submarine gas hydrates remained more stable. This demonstrates their potential for rapid reactions for some gas hydrate provinces to a warming world, as well as helping to identify future prospects for environmental research. Three-dimensional and high-resolution seismic imaging technologies provide new insights into fluid flow systems in continental margins, enabling the identification of gas and gas escape routes to the seabed within gas hydrate environments, where seabed habitats may flourish. The volume contains a method section detailing the seismic imaging and logging while drilling techniques used to characterize gas hydrates and related dynamic processes in the sub seabed. This book is unique, as it goes well beyond the geophysical monograph series of natural gas hydrates and textbooks on marine geophysics. It also emphasizes the potential for gas hydrate research across a variety of disciplines. Observations of bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in 2D and 3D seismic reflection data combined with velocity analysis, electromagnetic investigations and gas-hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) modelling, provide the necessary insights for academic interests and hydrocarbon industries to understand the potential extent and volume of gas hydrates in a wide range of tectonic settings of continental margins. Gas hydrates control the largest and most dynamic reservoir of global carbon. Especially 4D, 3D seismic but also 2D seismic data provide compelling sub-seabed images of their dynamical behavior. Sub-seabed imaging techniques increase our understanding of the controlling mechanisms for the distribution and migration of gas before it enters the gas-hydrate stability zone. As methane hydrate stability depends mainly on pressure, temperature, gas composition and pore water chemistry, gas hydrates are usually found in ocean margin settings where water depth is more than 300 m and gas migrates upward from deeper geological formations. This highly dynamic environment may precondition the stability of continental slopes as evidenced by geohazards and gas expelled from the sea floor. This book provides new insights into variations in the character and existence of gas hydrates and BSRs in various geological environments, as well as their dynamics. The potentially dynamic behavior of this natural carbon system in a warming world, its current and future impacts on a variety of Earth environments can now be adequately evaluated by using the information provided in the world atlas.
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Widespread indications of free and hydrate gas accumulations and mud volcanoes were imaged using multichannel seismic reflection, chirp sub-bottom profiler, multibeam bathymetry, and deep-towed side-scan sonar data collected along the Southwestern Black Sea margin, offshore Akçakoca. These indications are typically associated with sedimentary ridges along the continental slope and rise, particularly with the “Ereğli Plateau” (850–1350 m water depth), where 20 mud volcanoes were found. Two types of bottom-simulating reflections (BSR) were identified, both mimicking the seafloor relief: Type-1 crosscuts the sedimentary reflections with amplitudes similar to the surrounding strata, while Type-2 shows higher amplitudes that terminate against the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. These types were observed over large portions of the continental rise, indicating the base of gas hydrate accumulations. Analyses of the BSR depth indicate that thermogenic gas is possibly present in the gas hydrates. A fault-driven hypothetical model was then developed to describe the formation of gas hydrate and mud volcanoes and the effect of submarine fluid flow in the area. According to this model, Type-1 BSRs form through biogenic gas accumulations. The presence of fault regions with Type-2 BSRs suggests active fluid transfer between permeable and impermeable units, where the fault surfaces act as possible conduits for thermogenic gases produced in the deeper sediments and transported into the shallower subsurface where then thermogenic biogenic gases coexist.
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Salinity is a common stressor restricting the distribution of various decapod crustaceans. The interactive effects of such regional stressors with global climate change drivers are important to be considered when aiming to realistically predict the potential of a species’ dispersal and further spread into new habitats. Within species, their larval stages commonly determine a species tolerance and with this their potential to invade and successfully develop a sustaining population. This laboratory study investigated the combined effect of salinity (6 levels, 10–25) and temperature (19 and 23 °C) on larval survival, development to megalopa, and feeding (in Zoea I, III, and V) of the decapod Hemigrapsus takanoi. Larval development and survival to megalopa were generally favored by increasing salinity. While no larva developed to the megalopa stage at 23 °C and a salinity of 16, in 19 °C some larvae could successfully develop under a salinity as low as 16. All larval stages fed generally more with increasing salinity and temperature, but there was no interaction between the two factors. The results revealed that the H. takanoi population from Kiel Fjord (southwestern Baltic Sea) is capable of completing its larval development under the current Kiel Fjord environmental conditions. The geographical spread of this H. takanoi population into the wider Baltic Proper may, however, be restricted mainly due to the inability to establish and maintain a self-sustaining population under lower salinity conditions. Furthermore, the projected desalination of the Baltic Sea together with rising temperatures due to global warming and heat waves in summer may likely exert additional stress to this existing population, unless H. takanoi adapts at appropriate rates.
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Maio Island (Cabo Verde Archipelago) is composed of uplifted Early Mesozoic MORB-type pillow lavas and deep-sea sediments, unconformably overlain and intruded by Miocene igneous rocks. Combined structural analyses and 40Ar–39Ar dating were used to constrain the Miocene evolution of Maio. Structures and ages of uplifted Mesozoic sequences and crosscutting Miocene dykes showed that numerous intrusive events were associated with the intense growth of an igneous core complex in the middle to upper crust, causing semi-circular doming and partial disruption of the Mesozoic strata. Two nosean nephelinite dykes cut the Valanginian Batalha Formation and yielded phlogopite 40Ar–39Ar ages of 10.405 ± 0.033 Ma and 10.570 ± 0.053 Ma (2σ errors). A nosean nephelinite dyke that cuts the overlying Valanginian to Early Aptian Morro Formation yielded an age of 9.273 ± 0.020 Ma. Combined with existing K–Ar and 40Ar–39Ar ages, this confirmed a main period of island growth between ~ 16 and 8.7 Ma. We re-interpreted extensive polymict conglomerates, which occur below the Late Miocene Monte Penoso Formation, as landslide deposits. A nephelinite lava clast yielded a phlogopite 40Ar–39Ar age of 8.666 ± 0.0274 Ma, which represents a maximum age for these landslides and thus confined a period of large-scale flank collapses and erosion to between 8.7 and 6.7 Ma. Flank collapses and further mass wasting during this period may have rejuvenated the igneous activity, i.e., resulting in the formation of the Tortonian/Messinian Monte Penoso and Malhada Pedra Formations, due to decompression-induced melting at upper mantle depths. Such interaction between flank collapses and rejuvenated volcanism may be a key to better understand ocean island evolution worldwide.
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Human activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high potential to influence the region's climate. However, little is known about how these rapid physical and chemical changes will impact the emissions of major climate-relevant trace gases from the Arctic Ocean. The combined consequences of these stressors present a complex combination of environmental changes which might impact on trace gas production and their subsequent release to the Arctic atmosphere. Here we present our current understanding of nitrous oxide and methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and its relevance for regional and global atmosphere and climate and offer our thoughts on how this might change over coming decades.
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: The rate of biological invasions is growing unprecedentedly, threatening ecological and socioeconomic systems worldwide. Quantitative understandings of invasion temporal trajectories are essential to discern current and future economic impacts of invaders, and then to inform future management strategies. Here, we examine the temporal trends of cumulative invasion costs by developing and testing a novel mathematical model with a population dynamical approach based on logistic growth. This model characterises temporal cost developments into four curve types (I–IV), each with distinct mathematical and qualitative properties, allowing for the parameterization of maximum cumulative costs, carrying capacities and growth rates. We test our model using damage cost data for eight genera (Rattus, Aedes, Canis, Oryctolagus, Sturnus, Ceratitis, Sus and Lymantria) extracted from the InvaCost database—which is the most up-to-date and comprehensive global compilation of economic cost estimates associated with invasive alien species. We find fundamental differences in the temporal dynamics of damage costs among genera, indicating they depend on invasion duration, species ecology and impacted sectors of economic activity. The fitted cost curves indicate a lack of broadscale support for saturation between invader density and impact, including for Canis, Oryctolagus and Lymantria, whereby costs continue to increase with no sign of saturation. For other taxa, predicted saturations may arise from data availability issues resulting from an underreporting of costs in many invaded regions. Overall, this population dynamical approach can produce cost trajectories for additional existing and emerging species, and can estimate the ecological parameters governing the linkage between population dynamics and cost dynamics.
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Biological invasions are one of the top drivers of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. An underestimated consequence of invasions is the enormity of their economic impacts. Knowledge gaps regarding economic costs produced by invasive alien species (IAS) are pervasive, particularly for emerging economies such as India—the fastest growing economy worldwide. To investigate, highlight and bridge this gap, we synthesised data on the economic costs of IAS in India. Specifically, we examine how IAS costs are distributed spatially, environmentally, sectorally, taxonomically, temporally, and across introduction pathways; and discuss how Indian IAS costs vary with socioeconomic indicators. We found that IAS have cost the Indian economy between at least US$ 127.3 billion to 182.6 billion (Indian Rupees ₹ 8.3 trillion to 11.9 trillion) over 1960–2020, and these costs have increased with time. Despite these massive recorded costs, most were not assigned to specific regions, environments, sectors, cost types and causal IAS, and these knowledge gaps are more pronounced in India than in the rest of the world. When costs were specifically assigned, maximum costs were incurred in West, South and North India, by invasive alien insects in semi-aquatic ecosystems; they were incurred mainly by the public and social welfare sector, and were associated with damages and losses rather than management expenses. Our findings indicate that the reported economic costs grossly underestimate the actual costs, especially considering the expected costs given India’s population size, gross domestic product and high numbers of IAS without reported costs. This cost analysis improves our knowledge of the negative economic impacts of biological invasions in India and the burden they can represent for its development. We hope this study motivates policymakers to address socio-ecological issues in India and launch a national biological invasion research programme, especially since economic growth will be accompanied by greater impacts of global change.
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Global studies imply that cephalopods have benefited from climate change. However, in most areas, species-specific long-term cephalopod data sets do not exist to support this implication and to analyse the response of cephalopods to environmental changes. Our results illustrate that historical studies, in combination with recent data sets, can fill this gap, enabling descriptions of ecological changes over a long time. We show substantial changes in the cephalopod biodiversity of the North Sea at species level over the past 100 years. Some species, which seemed to migrate into the North Sea only for spawning or foraging in the nineteenth century, occur permanently in the North Sea nowadays. This applies, for example, to the loliginids Loligo forbesii and Alloteuthis subulata. The ommastrephids Todaropsis eblanae and Illex coindetii, now constantly present as well, had been described only as accidental migrants 100 years ago.
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-07
    Beschreibung: Marine sponges (phylum Porifera) form symbioses with diverse microbial communities that can be transmitted between generations through their developmental stages. Here, we integrate embryology and microbiology to review how symbiotic microorganisms are transmitted in this early-diverging lineage. We describe that vertical transmission is widespread but not universal, that microbes are vertically transmitted during a select developmental window, and that properties of the developmental microbiome depends on whether a species is a high or low microbial abundance sponge. Reproduction, development, and symbiosis are thus deeply rooted, but why these partnerships form remains the central and elusive tenet of these developmental symbioses.
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