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  • Articles  (76)
  • Wiley-Agu  (45)
  • Copernicus Publications  (30)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2020-2024  (76)
  • 2024  (65)
  • 2022  (11)
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  • Articles  (76)
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  • 1
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    Governing change: a dynamical systems approach to understanding the stability of environmental governance (2022)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Dynamics, Copernicus Publications, 13(4), pp. 1677-1688, ISSN: 2190-4979
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: The ability to adapt to social and environmental change is an increasingly critical feature of environmental governance. However, an understanding of how specific features of governance systems influence how they respond to change is still limited. Here we focus on how system features like diversity, heterogeneity, and connectedness impact stability, which indicates a system's capacity to recover from perturbations. Through a framework that combines agent-based modeling with "generalized"dynamical systems modeling, we model the stability of thousands of governance structures consisting of groups of resource users and non-government organizations interacting strategically with the decision centers that mediate their access to a shared resource. Stabilizing factors include greater effort dedicated to venue shopping and a greater fraction of non-government organizations in the system. Destabilizing factors include greater heterogeneity among actors, a greater diversity of decision centers, and greater interdependence between actors. The results suggest that while complexity tends to be destabilizing, there are mitigating factors that may help balance adaptivity and stability in complex governance. This study demonstrates the potential in applying the insights of complex systems theory to managing complex and highly uncertain human-natural systems in the face of rapid social and environmental change.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    GPS Loss of Lock Events and Their Dependence on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Orientation (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The study investigates the influence of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation on loss of lock (LoL) events in GPS signals. We analyzed LoLs recorded on two Swarm satellites between July 2014 and December 2021, examining how the signs of the IMF $B_x$, $B_y$, and $B_z$ components affect the distribution of events at high latitudes. Our results reveal an asymmetric distribution of LoL events over 75° magnetic latitude. In the Northern hemisphere, more events occur in the post-noon sector with negative IMF $B_y$, and in the pre-noon sector with positive IMF $B_y$. Conversely, in the Southern hemisphere, pre-noon events increase with negative IMF $B_y$, while post-noon events increase with positive IMF $B_y$. At lower latitudes (50°-75°), IMF $B_y$ does not significantly affect the event distribution, which mainly concentrates in the night sector for both hemispheres. Additionally, we found a connection between IMF $B_y$ and $B_x$, primarily due to the IMF spiral structure. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of the SuperDARN data-driven model of ionospheric convection patterns, which shows that LoL events frequently cluster in the cusp region, as well as the area where the two convection cells separate.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JA031411
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GPS Loss of Lock ; Interplanetary Magnetic Field ; Ionosphere ; Swarm satellites ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Imaging the Plumbing System of the Asymmetric Vavilov Spreading Ridge (Tyrrhenian Sea Back‐Arc Basin) From Combined Bathymetry and Magnetic Data (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Back-arc basins (BABs) are associated with plate margins where crustal shortening, seafloor spreading, and volcanism coexist. The Vavilov basin (Tyrrhenian Sea) is a Pliocene BAB associated with the Apennine-Tyrrhenian Sea subduction system and characterized by mantle exhumation. The NNE-SSW elongated Vavilov seamount represents the easternmost and younger spreading ridge of the Vavilov basin. Here we present results of a morphological and magnetic study of the Vavilov seamount. Our results show that the seamount represents the last stage of the eastward asymmetric opening of the BAB. Its plumbing system consists of a dike swarm emplaced during the reversed Matuyama epoch and a younger shallow reservoir feeding the central and eastern sectors during the normal Brunhes epoch. This evolution is associated with the progressive loading of the edifice due to lava flow emplacement. The asymmetry of the seamount mirrors the asymmetric opening of the Vavilov back-arc basin.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023GL105196
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Investigation of Ionospheric Small‐Scale Plasma Structures Associated With Particle Precipitation (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: We investigate the role of auroral particle precipitation in small-scale (below hundreds of meters) plasma structuring in the auroral ionosphere over the Arctic. In this scope, we analyze together data recorded by an Ionospheric Scintillation Monitor Receiver (ISMR) of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and by an All-Sky Imager located in Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway). We leverage on the raw GNSS samples provided at 50 Hz by the ISMR to evaluate amplitude and phase scintillation indices at 1 s time resolution and the Ionosphere-Free Linear Combination at 20 ms time resolution. The simultaneous use of the 1 s GNSS-based scintillation indices allows identifying the scale size of the irregularities involved in plasma structuring in the range of small (up to few hundreds of meters) and medium-scale size ranges (up to few kilometers) for GNSS frequencies and observational geometry. Additionally, they allow identifying the diffractive and refractive nature of fluctuations on the recorded GNSS signals. Six strong auroral events and their effects on plasma structuring are studied. Plasma structuring down to scales of hundreds of meters is seen when strong gradients in auroral emissions at 557.7 nm cross the line of sight between the GNSS satellite and receiver. Local magnetic field measurements confirm small-scale structuring processes coinciding with intensification of ionospheric currents. Since 557.7 nm emissions primarily originate from the ionospheric E-region, plasma instabilities from particle precipitation at E-region altitudes are considered to be responsible for the signatures of small-scale plasma structuring highlighted in the GNSS scintillation data.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023SW003605
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Assessing the Deep Carbon Release in an Active Volcanic Field Using Hydrochemistry, δ13CDIC and Δ14CDIC (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Volcanic activities have great implications on geological carbon cycle, and ascertaining the deep carbon contribution in earth surface that run along the volcanic edifices is important to understand the relationship between solid earth degassing and global climate change. This study reports analytical results of major dissolved ions concentrations, carbon isotopic compositions (δ13CDIC and Δ14CDIC) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of rivers, cold springs and hot springs from Changbaishan volcanic area, Northeast China. The hydrothermal fluids had a significant impact on solutes budgets, as well as carbon isotopes for the rivers. The changes in concentrations of major ions are mainly controlled by mixing of high-temperature water/rock interaction and low-temperature water/rock interaction, and low-temperature water/rock interaction can be explained by the change of chemical composition between volcanic cone (trachyte) and basaltic shield. We used Δ14CDIC to figure out the contributions of deep carbon and surface carbon. While δ13CDIC was sensitive to CO2 outgassing, and we thus estimated the minimum deep CO2 outgassing yield (1.24×104 t C yr1) based on DIC flux corrected for outgassing by a Rayleigh model. In the Changbaishan volcanic area, deep carbon release flux was higher than CO2 consumption flux by silicate weathering, while the deep CO2 outgassing flux was an underestimate, consistent with the theory that deep CO2 release regulate climate on geological timescales. This study calls for a better understanding of the effects of volcanic activities on earth surface’s carbon cycling, which has great implications on studying global climate change.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JG007435
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Asperity size and neighboring segments can change the frictional response and fault slip behavior: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Accurate assessment of the rate and state friction parameters of rocks is essential for producing realistic earthquake rupture scenarios and, in turn, for seismic hazard analysis. Those parameters can be directly measured on samples, or indirectly based on inversion of coseismic or postseismic slip evolution. However, both direct and indirect approaches require assumptions that might bias the results. Aiming to reduce the potential sources of bias, we take advantage of a downscaled analog model reproducing megathrust earthquakes. We couple the simulated annealing algorithm with quasi-dynamic numerical models to retrieve rate and state parameters reproducing the recurrence time, rupture duration and slip of the analog model, in the ensemble. Then, we focus on how the asperity size and the neighboring segments’ properties control the seismic cycle characteristics and the corresponding variability of rate and state parameters. We identify a tradeoff between (a-b) of the asperity and (a-b) of neighboring creeping segments, with multiple parameter combinations that allow mimicking the analog model behavior. Tuning of rate and state parameters is required to fit laboratory experiments with different asperity lengths. Poorly constrained frictional properties of neighboring segments are responsible for uncertainties of (a-b) of the asperity in the order of per mille. Roughly one order of magnitude larger uncertainties derive from asperity size. Those results provide a glimpse of the variability that rate and state friction estimates might have when used as a constraint to model fault slip behavior in nature.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JB026594
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    A global marine particle size distribution dataset obtained with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (2022)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Earth System Science Data, Copernicus Publications, 14(9), pp. 4315-4337, ISSN: 1866-3508
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-01
    Description: Marine particles of different nature are found throughout the global ocean. The term "marine particles"describes detritus aggregates and fecal pellets as well as bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and nekton. Here, we present a global particle size distribution dataset obtained with several Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. Overall, within the 64 μm to about 50 mm size range covered by the UVP5, detrital particles are the most abundant component of all marine particles; thus, measurements of the particle size distribution with the UVP5 can yield important information on detrital particle dynamics. During deployment, which is possible down to 6000 m depth, the UVP5 images a volume of about 1 L at a frequency of 6 to 20 Hz. Each image is segmented in real time, and size measurements of particles are automatically stored. All UVP5 units used to generate the dataset presented here were inter-calibrated using a UVP5 high-definition unit as reference. Our consistent particle size distribution dataset contains 8805 vertical profiles collected between 19 June 2008 and 23 November 2020. All major ocean basins, as well as the Mediterranean Sea and the Baltic Sea, were sampled. A total of 19 % of all profiles had a maximum sampling depth shallower than 200 dbar, 38 % sampled at least the upper 1000 dbar depth range and 11 % went down to at least 3000 dbar depth. First analysis of the particle size distribution dataset shows that particle abundance is found to be high at high latitudes and in coastal areas where surface productivity or continental inputs are elevated. The lowest values are found in the deep ocean and in the oceanic gyres. Our dataset should be valuable for more in-depth studies that focus on the analysis of regional, temporal and global patterns of particle size distribution and flux as well as for the development and adjustment of regional and global biogeochemical models. The marine particle size distribution dataset is available at 10.1594/PANGAEA.924375.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 8
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    Investigating stable oxygen and carbon isotopic variability in speleothem records over the last millennium using multiple isotope-enabled climate models (2022)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, Copernicus Publications, 18(7), pp. 1625-1654, ISSN: 1814-9324
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-16
    Description: The incorporation of water isotopologues into the hydrology of general circulation models (GCMs) facilitates the comparison between modeled and measured proxy data in paleoclimate archives. However, the variability and drivers of measured and modeled water isotopologues, as well as the diversity of their representation in different models, are not well constrained. Improving our understanding of this variability in past and present climates will help to better constrain future climate change projections and decrease their range of uncertainty. Speleothems are a precisely datable terrestrial paleoclimate archives and provide well-preserved (semi-)continuous multivariate isotope time series in the lower latitudes and mid-latitudes and are therefore well suited to assess climate and isotope variability on decadal and longer timescales. However, the relationships of speleothem oxygen and carbon isotopes to climate variables are influenced by site-specific parameters, and their comparison to GCMs is not always straightforward. Here we compare speleothem oxygen and carbon isotopic signatures from the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis database version 2 (SISALv2) to the output of five different water-isotope-enabled GCMs (ECHAM5-wiso, GISSE2-R, iCESM, iHadCM3, and isoGSM) over the last millennium (850–1850 CE). We systematically evaluate differences and commonalities between the standardized model simulation outputs. The goal is to distinguish climatic drivers of variability for modeled isotopes and compare them to those of measured isotopes. We find strong regional differences in the oxygen isotope signatures between models that can partly be attributed to differences in modeled surface temperature. At low latitudes, precipitation amount is the dominant driver for stable water isotope variability; however, at cave locations the agreement between modeled temperature variability is higher than for precipitation variability. While modeled isotopic signatures at cave locations exhibited extreme events coinciding with changes in volcanic and solar forcing, such fingerprints are not apparent in the speleothem isotopes. This may be attributed to the lower temporal resolution of speleothem records compared to the events that are to be detected. Using spectral analysis, we can show that all models underestimate decadal and longer variability compared to speleothems (albeit to varying extents). We found that no model excels in all analyzed comparisons, although some perform better than the others in either mean or variability. Therefore, we advise a multi-model approach whenever comparing proxy data to modeled data. Considering karst and cave internal processes, e.g., through isotope-enabled karst models, may alter the variability in speleothem isotopes and play an important role in determining the most appropriate model. By exploring new ways of analyzing the relationship between the oxygen and carbon isotopes, their variability, and co-variability across timescales, we provide methods that may serve as a baseline for future studies with different models using, e.g., different isotopes, different climate archives, or different time periods.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 9
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    Multi‐Temporal InSAR, GNSS and Seismic Measurements Reveal the Origin of the 2021 Vulcano Island (Italy) Unrest (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: La Fossa Caldera at Vulcano Island, part of the Aeolian Islands archipelago in Italy, has shown an increased volcanic activity since September 2021. This activity is characterized by an increase in fumarole temperatures, massive gas emissions, as well as a marked uplift of the crater area, accompanied by an increase in seismicity. To investigate the nature of these phenomena, an analysis of ground deformation data obtained from Multi Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System measurements is presented. Additionally, a detailed analysis of data recorded by the seismic network on Vulcano Island has been conducted. The results indicate that these anomalies can be attributed to the expansion of the hydrothermal system, a phenomenon previously observed in the late 1970s and early 1990s.
    Description: La Fossa Caldera at Vulcano (Italy) has been showing signs of unrest since September 2021. To investigate this phenomenon, we conducted an analysis of geodetic and seismological data from July to December 2021. In particular, we analyzed Multi Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System data, showing a pronounced elliptical uplift signal, which we elaborated using analytical source modeling. Additionally, seismic data were used to identify seismicity associated with hydrothermal system activity and assess its temporal evolution. The results indicate that the observed deformation is consistent with the expansion of the hydrothermal system within the La Fossa Caldera. These findings align with the analysis of seismic data, revealing signals indicative of hydrothermal activity, such as Very Long Period events. The results suggest that the ongoing phenomenon since 2021 represents a hydrothermal unrest, similar to the one observed during the late 1970s to early 1990s.
    Description: This study has been partly funded by the Italian DPC, in the frame of INGVDPC (2022–2025) and IREA-DPC (2022–2024) agreements. This paper does not necessarily represent DPC official opinion and policies. We also acknowledge the support of EPOS-RI, including the one obtained through the EPOS-Italia JRU. This work benefited also from the Progetto ORME, INGV Project “Pianeta Dinamico” - Working Earth (CUP 1466 D53J19000170001 - legge 145/2018) (Scientific Responsibility: F.G.). The authors express their gratitude to Thomas Walter and an anonymous reviewer for their comments and suggestions, and to the editor Christian Huber for overseeing the article. This research was also partially funded by the European Union - NextGeneratonEU through the following projects: NRRP - MEET (National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Monitoring Earth's Evolution and Tectonics), ICSC - CN-HPC - PNRR M4C2 Investimento 1.4 - CN00000013, GeoSciences IR - PNRR M4C2 Investimento 3.1 - IR0000037.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023GL104952
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Vulcano Island ; InSAR ; GNSS ; P-SBAS ; Seismic activity ; Hydrothermal system ; Volcanic unrest ; Phreatic explosions ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The 8 September 2023, MW 6.8, Morocco Earthquake: A Deep Transpressive Faulting Along the Active High Atlas Mountain Belt (2024)
    Wiley-Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-15
    Description: On 8 September 2023 an MW 6.8 earthquake struck the High Atlas Mountains of western Morocco, about 70 km southwest from Marrakesh, causing significant devastation and casualties. In this study, we investigate a comprehensive geodetic data set, employing interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements to assess the fault segment responsible for the seismic event. Our findings suggest two potential fault scenarios: either a transpressive NNW-dipping high-angle (70°) fault related to the Tizi n'Test alignment or a transpressive SSW-dipping low-angle (22°) fault associated with the North Atlas Fault, with slip (up to 2.2 m) only occurring on deeper parts of the fault. While seismic catalogs couldn't definitively determine the dip direction of the fault, evidence from mainshock locations, gravity and heat flow data and modeling, and active shortening direction suggest the activation of a low-angle south-westerly dipping oblique thrust of the North Atlas fault during the 2023 Moroccan earthquake.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023GL106992
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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