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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are dramatically influencing the environment, and research is strongly committed to proposing alternatives, mainly based on renewable energy sources. Low GHG electricity production from renewables is well established but issues of grid balancing are limiting their application. Energy storage is a key topic for the further deployment of renewable energy production. Besides batteries and other types of electrical storage, electrofuels and bioderived fuels may offer suitable alternatives in some specific scenarios. This Special Issue includes contributions on the energy conversion technologies and use, energy storage, technologies integration, e-fuels, and pilot and large-scale applications.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; PV ; GHG savings ; lithium-ion battery (LIB) ; probability prediction ; decarbonization ; supercapacitor (SC) ; least squares support vector machine ; EV fleet forecasts ; alternative maritime power (AMP) ; Markov chain ; feasibility study ; D funding ; hybrid power system ; numerical analysis ; ship structure ; optimal sizing ; cellulosic ethanol ; electric vehicles EV ; biofuel ; green ship ; R&amp ; bulk carrier ; molten carbonate fuel cell system ; sparse Gaussian process regression ; power-to-gas ; combination method ; charging infrastructure ; jet fuel ; flow characteristics ; hybrid refinery ; LNG-fueled ship ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Elastomer materials are characterized by their high elongation and (entropy) elasticity, which makes them indispensable for widespread applications in various engineering and medical areas as well as consumer goods. This book focuses on the state-of-the-art of elastomers covering all aspects from their properties to applications. The development and testing of advanced elastomers is of particular interest. Attention is given to various aspects of elastomers, such as ever-increasing environmental concepts dealing with recyclability and reusability, incorporation of functional groups or additives to obtain novel functionality or bioelastomers, analytical description of mechanisms and structure relations of the fracture behavior of elastomers, and their external stimuli-responsive character. The scope of the book encompasses contributions at the frontier of science in polymer network synthesis, experimental and theoretical physics of polymer networks, and new structures and functionalities incorporated into elastomers leading to enhanced properties of crosslinked elastomeric materials, among others.
    Keywords: magnetorheological elastomer ; filler ; hetero-aggregation ; nanosized Ni-Mg cobalt ferrites ; electrical resistance ; resistivity ; rheological properties ; elastomers ; in-situ silica ; friction ; abrasion ; tear fatigue test ; buffing dust collagen (BDC) ; styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) ; polymer composites ; biodegradation ; bio-oil ; bio-based plasticizer ; eco-friendly plasticizer ; acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber ; NBR ; mechanical testing ; thermo-oxidative aging ; vulcanized rubber ; rubber compounds ; carbon black ; vibration damping ; viscoelasticity ; magnetorheological ; elastomer ; magnetic particle ; viscoelastic ; rheological ; smart materials ; coating ; particle coating ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In this Special Issue, we have several papers related to fuel-cell-based cogeneration systems; the management and control of fuel cell systems; the analysis, simulation, and operation of different types of fuel cells; modelling and online experimental validation; and the environment assessment of cathode materials in lithium-ion battery energy generation systems. A paper which gives a comprehensive review with technical guidelines for the design and operation of fuel cells, especially in a cogeneration system setup, which can be an important source of references for the optimal design and operation of various types of fuel cells in cogeneration systems, can also be found in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: LIBs ; environmental sustainability ; cathode material ; LCA ; wind energy ; fuel cell ; IM ; induction generator ; hybrid system ; mine blast optimizer ; solid oxide fuel cell ; robust model predictive control ; off-line calculation ; control synthesis ; review ; cogeneration ; optimal design ; guidelines ; SOFC ; simulation ; internal reforming ; anode oxidation ; carbon formation ; direct methanol fuel cell ; methanol crossover ; power density ; catalyst ; membrane electrode assembly ; Colebrook equation ; fuel cells ; flow friction factor ; open-cathode ; pressure drop ; symbolic regression ; numerically stabile solution ; roughness ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The development of solid state gas sensors based on microtransducers and nanostructured sensing materials is the key point in the design of portable measurement systems able to reach sensing and identification performance comparable with analytical ones. In such a context several efforts must be spent of course in the development of the sensing material, but also in the choice of the transducer mechanism and its structure, in the electrical characterization of the performance and in the design of suitable measurement setups. This call for papers invites researchers worldwide to report about their novel results on the most recent advances and overview in design and measurements for applications in gas sensors, along with their relevant features and technological aspects. Original research papers are welcome (but not limited) on all aspects that focus on the most recent advances in: (i) basic principles and modeling of gas and VOCs sensors; (ii) new gas sensor principles and technologies; (iii) Characterization and measurements methodologies; (iv) transduction and sampling systems; (vi) package optimization; (vi) gas sensor based systems and applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; indium oxide ; n/a ; environmental monitoring ; semiconductor ; gas sensor ; packed gas chromatographic column ; ultrathin carbon layer ; metal-oxide-semiconductor array sensor ; halitosis ; laser ablation ; capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUT) ; LTCC side via ; MEMS ; indirect packaging ; gas sensing ; efficiency ; bad breath ; electrospray ; array optimization ; low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) ; electronic nose ; UV irradiation ; core/shell nanostructure ; combinatorial and high-throughput technique ; sensitive material ; hydrogen sulfide ; CO detection ; ZnO ; amperometric ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book focuses on seven of the most important formal methods used to interpret the New Testament today. Several of the chapters also touch on Old Testament/Hebrew Bible interpretation. In line with the multiplicity of methods for interpretation of texts in the humanities in general, New Testament study has never before seen so many different methods. This situation poses both opportunities and challenges for scholars and students alike. The articles in this book introduce the latest methods and give examples of these methods at work. The seven methods are as follows: post-colonial, narrative, historical, performance, mathematical analysis of style; womanist; and ecological.
    Keywords: BL1-50 ; n/a ; anthropocentric ; John ; oral tradition ; Q Source ; literary criticism ; colonial ; communication ; rhetoric ; New Testament ; respectability ; own tradition ; word interval ; literary terms ; close reading ; hermeneutics ; narrative criticism ; interpunctions ; interpretation ; Revelation ; Double Tradition ; Gospel of Mark ; Matthew ; womanist ; Timothy ; memory ; sentences ; Suetonius ; Bible ; Mark ; New Criticism ; performance criticism ; Paul ; characters ; canonical Gospels ; vernacular hermeneutics ; Australian spirituality ; biblical interpretation ; relevance theory ; creation ; Acts ; ecotheology ; racism ; crucifixion ; hierarchical dualism ; race ; nature ; Luke ; words ; Gospels ; historical reliability ; Triple Tradition ; narratology ; intercontextuality ; environment ; Diaspora politics ; translation ; Life of Augustus ; reader-response criticism ; landscape ; statistics ; mercy ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: DNA methylation, a modification found in most species, regulates chromatin functions in conjunction with other epigenome modifications, such as histone post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. In mammals, DNA methylation has an essential role in development by orchestrating the generation and maintenance of the phenotypic diversity of human cell types. Recent years have brought spectacular advances in our understanding of the mechanism, function and regulation of DNA methyltransferases through their interaction with other epigenome modifications, chromatin factors and post-translational modifications, which are described in this Special Issue of Genes. Manuscripts are specifically addressing describing the targeting and regulation of DNA methyltransferases by interacting factors and their roles in cellular differentiation and the development of diseases. Prof. Dr. Albert Jeltsch and Prof. Dr. Humaira Gowher, Guest Editors
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; DNMTs ; n/a ; histone modification ; TBRS ; DNA methyltransferases ; autoinhibition ; epigenetics ; DNMT ; cell identity ; embryogenesis ; dwarfism ; DNMT3B ; germ cells ; HSAN1E ; USP7 ; DNMT3A ; DNA methyltransferase ; gene expression ; DNMT1 ; de novo DNA methylation ; DNA methyltransferase structure ; UHRF1 ; DNA methyltransferase mechanism ; allosteric regulation ; rare diseases ; DNA Methylation ; maintenance DNA methylation ; DNA methylation ; ADCA-DN ; PCC/PGL ; ubiquitination ; TETs ; DNA methyltransferase function ; molecular epigenetics ; DNA methyltransferase regulation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease and other Haemoglobinopathies is a Special Issue of the International Journal of Neonatal Screening. Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders, with a huge impact on health care systems due to high morbidity and high mortality associated with the undiagnosed disease. Newborn screening helps to make the diagnosis early and to prevent fatal complications and diagnostic odysseys. This book gives an overview of diagnostic standards in newborn screening for sickle cell disease and examples of existing newborn screening programs.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Q1-390 ; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; hydroxyurea/hydroxycarbamide ; n/a ; cord blood ; screening ; hemoglobin pattern ; capillary electrophoresis ; sickle cell disease ; (recommended) screening panel ; vaso-occlusive crisis ; Guthrie spots ; newborn screening) ; foetal haemoglobin ; harmonisation ; review ; birth prevalence ; G6PD deficiency ; prevention ; end-organ damage ; thalassemia ; MALDI-TOF ; IEF ; acute chest syndrome ; India ; sickle cell and thalassaemia screening programme ; ‘Getting to Outcomes’ ; newborn screening ; hemoglobinopathy ; service users ; public health engagement ; automated HPLC ; Kaduna State ; gene therapy for haemoglobinopathies ; ?-globin gene ; methods ; neonatal screening program ; malaria ; Plasmodium vivax ; sub-Saharan Africa ; patient organisations ; health policy ; pathophysiology ; Sickle Cell Disease ; mass spectrometry ; sickle cell disorder ; neonatal screening ; non-tribal ; Nigeria ; point-of-care ; HPLC ; laboratory methods ; registry ; patient advocacy ; bone marrow transplant ; anaemia ; hemoglobinopathies ; tribal ; newborn ; burden of disease ; patient representatives ; diagnostics ; policy making ; haemolysis ; Caribbean ; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; sickle cell disease (SCD) ; implementation science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Photoacoustic (or optoacoustic) imaging, including photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), is an emerging imaging modality with great clinical potential. PAI’s deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution also hold great promise for visualizing physiology and pathology at the molecular level. PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasonic resolution, and is capable of imaging at depths of up to 7 cm with a real-time scalable spatial resolution of 10 to 500 µm. PAI has demonstrated applications in brain imaging and cancer imaging, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer etc. This Special Issue focuses on the novel technological developments and pre-clinical and clinical biomedical applications of PAI. Topics include but are not limited to: brain imaging; cancer imaging; image reconstruction; quantitative imaging; light source and delivery for PAI; photoacoustic detectors; nanoparticles designed for PAI; photoacoustic molecular imaging; photoacoustic spectroscopy.
    Keywords: photoacoustic imaging ; tomography ; thermoacoustic ; radio frequency ; image quality assessment ; image formation theory ; image reconstruction techniques ; sparsity ; signal processing ; deconvolution ; empirical mode decomposition ; signal deconvolution ; photoacoustics ; tissue characterization ; absorption ; Photoacoustic Computed Tomography (PACT) ; ring array ; fast imaging ; low cost ; photoacoustic tomography ; full-field detection ; wave equation ; final time inversion ; uniqueness ; stability ; iterative reconstruction ; 3D photoacoustic tomography ; full-view illumination and ultrasound detection ; photoacoustic coplanar ; quartz bowl ; correlation matrix filter ; time reversal operator ; photo-acoustic tomography ; reflection artifacts ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; time reversal ; Landweber algorithm ; U-net ; optoacoustic imaging ; respiratory gating ; motion artifacts ; full-ring illumination ; diffused-beam illumination ; point source illumination ; ultrasound tomography (UST) ; photoacoustic tomography (PAT) ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Research on radiation-tolerant electronics has increased rapidly over the past few years, resulting in many interesting approaches to modeling radiation effects and designing radiation-hardened integrated circuits and embedded systems. This research is strongly driven by the growing need for radiation-hardened electronics for space applications, high-energy physics experiments such as those on the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, and many terrestrial nuclear applications including nuclear energy and nuclear safety. With the progressive scaling of integrated circuit technologies and the growing complexity of electronic systems, their susceptibility to ionizing radiation has raised many exciting challenges, which are expected to drive research in the coming decade. In this book we highlight recent breakthroughs in the study of radiation effects in advanced semiconductor devices, as well as in high-performance analog, mixed signal, RF, and digital integrated circuits. We also focus on advances in embedded radiation hardening in both FPGA and microcontroller systems and apply radiation-hardened embedded systems for cryptography and image processing, targeting space applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TK1-9971 ; T1-995 ; single event effects ; n/a ; radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) ; frequency divider by two ; single event upset ; Image processing ; CMOS analog integrated circuits ; FPGA ; total ionizing dose (TID) ; Impulse Sensitive Function ; soft error ; hardening by design ; radiation hardening by design ; X-rays ; Single-Event Upsets (SEUs) ; line buffer ; heavy ions ; VHDL ; FPGA-based digital controller ; radiation hardening by design (RHBD) ; radiation hardening ; SRAM-based FPGA ; proton irradiation ; ring oscillator ; sensor readout IC ; fault tolerance ; space application ; physical unclonable function ; voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) ; Ring Oscillators ; analog single-event transient (ASET) ; single event opset (SEU) ; SEB ; single event upsets ; bipolar transistor ; total ionizing dose ; protons ; triple modular redundancy (TMR) ; gain degradation ; space electronics ; saturation effect ; configuration memory ; Co-60 gamma radiation ; total ionization dose (TID) ; frequency synthesizers ; CMOS ; PLL ; TDC ; single-event upsets (SEUs) ; bandgap voltage reference (BGR) ; 4MR ; single-shot ; error rates ; Radiation Hardening by Design ; soft errors ; heavy-ions ; single-event effects (SEE) ; single event transient (SET) ; SEE testing ; proton irradiation effects ; RFIC ; single event upset (SEU) ; FMR ; ionization ; radiation tolerant ; triplex–duplex ; neutron irradiation effects ; digital integrated circuits ; single event gate rupture (SEGR) ; power MOSFETs ; ring-oscillator ; selective hardening ; voltage reference ; nuclear fusion ; TMR ; gamma-rays ; gamma ray ; instrumentation amplifier ; radiation effects ; reference circuits ; radiation-hardened ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Mobile robotics is a challenging field with great potential. It covers disciplines including electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, computer science, cognitive science, and social science. It is essential to the design of automated robots, in combination with artificial intelligence, vision, and sensor technologies. Mobile robots are widely used for surveillance, guidance, transportation and entertainment tasks, as well as medical applications. This Special Issue intends to concentrate on recent developments concerning mobile robots and the research surrounding them to enhance studies on the fundamental problems observed in the robots. Various multidisciplinary approaches and integrative contributions including navigation, learning and adaptation, networked system, biologically inspired robots and cognitive methods are welcome contributions to this Special Issue, both from a research and an application perspective.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; swarm-robotics ; drag-based system ; PID algorithm ; human–robot interaction ; behaviour dynamics ; state constraints ; fair optimisation ; micro mobile robot ; robot ; actuators ; high-gain observer ; turning model LIP ; space robot ; manipulation action sequences ; subgoal graphs ; remotely operated vehicle ; constrained motion ; joint limit avoidance ; curvilinear obstacle ; rehabilitation system ; stability criterion ; system design ; quad-tilt rotor ; iterative learning ; spiral curve ; cable detection ; SEA ; douglas–peuker polygonal approximation ; predictable trajectory planning ; ATEX ; obstacle avoidance system ; kinematic singularity ; collision avoidance ; biologically-inspired ; jumping robot ; differential wheeled robot ; design and modeling ; control efficacy ; robotics ; extremum-seeking ; object-oriented ; non-holonomic mobile robot ; magneto-rheological fluids ; rendezvous consensus ; altitude controller ; master-slave ; switching control ; deep reinforcement learning ; mechanism ; expansion logic strategy ; negative buoyancy ; action generation ; radial basis function neural networks ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; extend procedure ; glass façade cleaning robot ; convolutional neural network ; climbing robot ; micro air vehicle ; car-like kinematics ; variable speed ; machine learning ; dynamical model ; transportation ; geodesic ; unmanned surface vessel ; medical devices ; stopper ; extended state observer (ESO) ; high efficiency ; object mapping ; multi-objective optimization ; hybrid robot ; robot learning ; auto-tuning ; cable disturbance modeling ; manipulation planning ; pesticide application ; high-speed target ; sparse pose adjustment (SPA) ; service robot ; lumped parameter method ; Geometric Algebra ; dynamic coupling analysis ; Thau observer ; tri-tilt-rotor ; industrial robotic manipulator ; hardware-in-the-loop simulation ; robotic drilling ; muscle activities ; small size ; chameleon ; continuous hopping ; wall climbing robot ; hover mode ; 3D-SLAM ; curvature constraints ; PSO ; drilling end-effector ; Rodrigues parameters ; gait adaptation ; static environments ; position/force cooperative control ; snake-like robot ; shape-fitting ; powered exoskeleton ; input saturation ; kinematic identification ; methane ; human–machine interactive navigation ; q-learning ; path following ; hopping robot ; mobile manipulation ; high step-up ratio ; actuatorless ; monocular vision ; stability analysis ; compact driving unit ; snake robot ; non-holonomic robot ; curvature constraint ; phase-shifting ; dialytic elimination ; gesture recognition ; snake robots ; series elastic actuator ; flapping ; servo valve ; motion camouflage control ; biomimetic robot ; minimally invasive surgery robot ; centralized architecture ; trajectory planning ; computing time ; adaptive control law ; kinematics ; facial and gender recognition ; single actuator ; victim-detection ; shape memory alloys ; undiscovered sensor values ; discomfort ; Differential Evolution ; numerical evaluation ; quadruped robot ; coverage path planning ; localization ; MPC ; n/a ; fault diagnosis ; neural networks ; disturbance-rejection control ; sample gathering problem ; cart ; bio-inspired robot ; opposite angle-based exact cell decomposition ; optimization ; safety ; goal exchange ; hierarchical planning ; ocean current ; robot motion ; nonlinear differentiator ; mapping ; finite-time currents observer ; Newton iteration ; inverse kinematics ; deposition uniformity ; spatial pyramid pooling ; hierarchical path planning ; end effector ; head-raising ; fault recovery ; LOS ; path tracking ; non-inertial reference frame ; step climbing ; obstacle avoidance ; sliding mode control ; symmetrical adaptive variable impedance ; lane change ; quadcopter UAV ; singularity analysis ; biped mechanism ; fault-tolerant control ; dynamic neural networks ; mobile robots ; data association ; UAV ; enemy avoidance ; reinforcement learning ; grip optimization ; safety recovery mechanism ; exoskeleton ; dynamic environment ; uncertain environments ; hybrid bionic robot ; potential field ; robot navigation ; cleaning robot ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; non-singular fast-terminal sliding-mode control ; contact planning ; Lyapunov-like function ; piezoelectric actuator ; transition mode ; non-prehensile manipulation ; multiple mobile robots ; Tetris-inspired ; real-time action recognition ; integral line-of-sight ; topological map ; alpine ski ; target tracking ; closed-loop detection ; working efficiency ; mathematical modeling ; curve fitting ; force control ; biped robots ; NSGA-II ; mobile robot ; load carriage ; prescription map translation ; artificial fish swarm algorithm ; Q-networks ; self-reconfigurable robot ; G3-continuity ; autonomous vehicle ; loop closure detection ; excellent driver model ; robots ; graph representation ; regional growth ; target assignment ; evolutionary operators ; intelligent mobile robot ; motion sensor ; exploration ; droplets penetrability ; dynamic uncertainty ; simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) ; area decomposition ; multi-criteria decision making ; 4WS4WD vehicle ; biped climbing robots ; skiing robot ; ROS ; decision making ; smart materials ; centrifugal force ; missile control system ; formation of robots ; electro-rheological fluids ; pneumatics ; variable spray ; inertial measurement unit (IMU) ; Robot Operating System ; trajectory interpolation ; formation control ; immersion and invariance ; dragonfly ; parallel navigation ; harmonic potential field ; pallet transportation ; mobile robot navigation ; negative-buoyancy ; grip planning ; manipulator ; position control ; external disturbance ; legged robot ; passive skiing turn ; autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) ; gait cycle ; path planning ; sliding mode observer ; dynamic gait ; self-learning ; polyomino tiling theory ; coalmine ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: This book brings together recent research related to urban resilience, in particular, taking into account climate change impacts and hydrological hazards. Due to the complexity of our cities, which are vulnerable and continuously evolving systems, urban resilience should be considered as a transversal and multi-sectorial issue, affecting different urban services, several hazards, and all the steps of the risk management cycle. Within this context, the different pieces of research that form this book deal with the topics of multi-risk and urban resilience assessment, analysis of cascading effects, and the proposal and prioritization of adaptation measures and strategies to cope with climate-related hazards through multi-criteria analysis.
    Keywords: RESCCUE project ; Electrical distribution network ; Flooding ; Risk Assessment ; city resiliency ; GIS model ; drought ; water scarcity ; water availability ; climate change ; hydrological modeling ; resilience ; flooding ; hazard mapping ; risk identification ; sustainability ; urban resilience ; traffic modelling ; resilience assessment ; urban services ; cities ; Ecosystem Services (ES) ; Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) ; Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) ; stakeholders’ validation ; stormwater management and control ; depth‒damage curves ; urban floods ; properties ; claims ; flood expert surveyor ; fluvial ; pluvial ; tidal ; sewer ; flood ; risk ; modelling ; cascading effects ; urban flood ; water quality ; cost-benefit analysis ; combined sewer overflows ; climate change adaptation ; climate risk ; socio-economic assessment ; flood risk assessment ; 1D/2D hydrodynamic model ; Metro system ; subway ; urban mobility ; pluvial floods ; 1D/2D coupled models ; impact assessment ; adaptation strategies ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 12
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Bioelectric sensors are unique diagnostic principles and technologies. Although they share many traits with electrochemical sensors, especially regarding the common features of instrumentation, they are focused on the measurement of the electric properties of biorecognition elements as a reflection of cellular, biological, and biomolecular functions in a rapid, very sensitive, and often non-invasive manner. Bioelectric sensors offer a plethora of options in terms both of assay targets (molecules, cells, organs, and organisms) and methodological approaches (e.g., potentiometry, impedance spectrometry, and patch-clamp electrophysiology). Irrespective of the method of choice, “bioelectric profiling” is being rapidly established as a superior concept for a number of applications, including in vitro toxicity, signal transduction, real-time medical diagnostics, environmental risk assessment, and drug development. This Special Issue is the first that is exclusively dedicated to the advanced and emerging concepts and technologies of bioelectric sensors. Topics include, but are not restricted to, bioelectric sensors for single cell analysis, electrophysiological olfactory and volatile organic compounds sensors, impedimetric biosensors, microbial fuel cell biosensors, and implantable autonomous bioelectric micro- and nano-sensors.
    Keywords: organic optoelectronic device ; pulse meter ; biosensor ; Bluetooth low energy (BLE) ; photoplethysmogram (PPG) ; chronic wounds ; electrical stimulation ; direct microcurrent ; non-invasive ; pressure ulcer ; wireless technology ; biochips ; impedance spectroscopy ; electrical equivalent circuit ; biomaterial ; Lysinibacillus sphaericus JG-A12 ; anticancer therapeutic strategies ; apoptosis ; bioelectric ; 5-fluorouracil ; HeLa cell line ; superoxide ; cell immobilization ; 3D-printed well ; bioelectric profiling ; impedance analysis ; real-time measurements ; electrochemical biosensors ; SWCNT ; point-of-care diagnostics ; label-free biosensors ; ELISA ; carbon nanotubes ; bovine serum albumin ; pacemaker ; threat modeling ; internet of things (IoT) medical devices ; vulnerabilities ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: The overall focus, scope, and purpose of this Special Issue on outdoor adventure is to provide the current and anticipated future trends, offer innovative ideas for new programs, support decision making for managers to move plans and intentions into action, inspire pioneering staff training and leadership development, incite policy reviews and revisions, promote resource (re)allocation where needed, and stimulate culture shifts among outdoor leaders and managers. Furthermore, this Special Issue is situated within the existing literature by depicting major trends in the field, exploring organizational issues and successes, identifying gaps between research and practice, and formulating solutions to some of the field’s most pressing challenges. Of particular interest were manuscripts reporting the following: • Adventure education across diverse cultures; • Innovative partnerships for experiential education outdoors; • Land management agencies working with adventure education programs; • Leadership and/or management issues and challenges; • Programming advances, participation trends; • Recruitment and retention of diverse staff, workforce enhancement; • Social groups/identity and outdoor spaces (e.g., people of color and outdoor adventure; women in the outdoors—where have we been, where are we going?; LGBTQ trends and future directions; youth and outdoor adventure); • Socioeconomic factors and solutions; • Technology influences and adventure education; • Working with schools/school districts and being in sync with curriculum needs, supporting transportation challenges, etc.
    Keywords: outdoor adventure education ; social justice ; inclusive praxis ; Outward Bound ; policy ; purposes ; practice ; barriers ; outdoor learning ; outdoor and adventure education ; international perspectives ; comparative ; experiential learning ; transformative learning ; equity ; pedagogy ; whiteness ; gender ; critical theory ; outdoor education ; outdoor skills ; partnership ; outdoor programs ; outdoor education in urban areas ; outdoor recreation ; female empowerment ; single-gender ; adolescent programming ; adolescent girls ; outdoor camp ; girls’ camp ; youth development ; treasure hunt ; mobile learning ; geocaching ; smartphone ; educational app ; Lesvos island ; secondary education students ; undergraduate students ; nature-based programs ; ecological framework ; COVID-19 impact ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Robotics and control are both research and application domains that have been frequently engineered through the use of interdisciplinary approaches like cybernetics. Cognition is a particular concept of this approach, abstracted from the context of living organisms to that of artificial devices, and is concerned with knowledge acquisition and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. Cognitive robotics and control refer to knowledge processing as much as knowledge generation from problem understanding, leading to special forms of architectures that enable systems to behave in an autonomous way. The main aim of this book is to highlight emerging applications and address recent breakthroughs in the domain of cognitive robotics and control and related areas. Procedures, algorithms, architectures, and implementations for reasoning, problem solving, or decision making are considered in the domain of robotics and control.
    Keywords: initial trajectory ; trajectory optimization ; Bézier surface ; robotics ; open FPGAs ; robot control ; surgical robotics ; human–machine interaction ; autonomous guidance ; low-cost platform ; FPGA ; S-curve ; motion control ; SoC ; telemanipulation ; haptics ; machine learning ; gesture recognition ; upper limb rehabilitation robot ; particle swam optimization (PSO) ; artificial bee colony (ABC) ; Ziegler Nichols ; Maximum sensitivity ; ontology ; robot task planning ; knowledge base ; knowledge representation ; industrial collaborative robots ; shared robotic tasks ; physical human–robot interaction ; human intention recognition ; time series classification ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: “Personalised Nutrition” represents any initiative that attempts to provide tailor-made healthy eating advice based on the nutritional needs of each individual, as these are dictated by the individual’s behaviour, phenotype and/or genotype, and their interactions. This Special Issue of Nutrients is dedicated to the development, implementation and assessment of the effectiveness of evidence-based “Personalised Nutrition” strategies. In this regard, a selection of reviews and original research manuscripts will bring together the latest evidence on how lifestyle habits, physiology, nutraceuticals, gut microbiome and genetics can be integrated into nutritional solutions, specific to the needs of each individual, for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; n/a ; gene-based ; taste ; postprandial leptin ; children ; personalised ; obesity ; macronutrient composition ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; postprandial adiponectin ; formula diet ; avoidance diet ; weight loss ; weight ; omega-3 fatty acids ; microbiome ; genotype ; nutrition ; direct-to-consumer test ; intervention ; clinical nutrition ; postprandial total ghrelin ; dietary intervention ; microbiota ; low-carbohydrate diet ; insulin ; FADS polymorphism ; adults ; genetics ; diet ; healthcare professionals ; HbA1c ; PROX1 gene ; phenotype ; high-fat meal ; glucose ; personalised nutrition ; irritable bowel syndrome ; dietary recommendation ; postprandial metabolic fingerprinting ; type 2 diabetes mellitus risk ; high-carbohydrate meal ; health ; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography ; food allergy ; normo-carbohydrate meal ; nutrimetabolomics ; type 2 diabetes ; nutrigenetics ; gene–diet interaction ; personalized nutrition ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Landscapes have long been viewed as ‘multifunctional’, integrating ecological, economic, sociocultural, historical, and aesthetic dimensions. Landscape science and public awareness in Europe have been progressing in leaps and bounds. The challenges involved in landscape-related issues and fields, however, are multiple and refer to landscape stewardship and protection, as well as to the development of comprehensive theoretical and methodological approaches, in tandem with public sensitization and participatory governance and in coordination with appropriate top-down planning and policy instruments. Landscape-scale approaches are fundamental to the understanding of past and present cultural evolution, and are now considered to be an appropriate spatial framework for the analysis of sustainability. Methods and tools of landscape analysis and intervention have also gone a long way since their early development in Europe and the United States. Although significant progress has been made, there remain many issues which are understudied or not investigated at all—at least in a Mediterranean context. This Special Issue addresses the application of landscape theory and practice in the Eastern Mediterranean and mainly, but not exclusively, reports on the outcomes of an international conference held in Jordan, in December 2015, with the title “Landscapes of Eastern Mediterranean: Challenges, Opportunities, Prospects and Accomplishments”. The focus of this Special Issue, landscapes of the Eastern Mediterranean region, thus constitutes a timely area of research interest, not only because these landscapes have so far been understudied, but also as a rich site of strikingly variegated, long-standing multicultural human–environmental interactions. These interactions, resting on and taking shape through millennia of continuity in tradition, have been striving to adapt to technological advances, while currently juggling with manifold and multilayered socioeconomic and climate–environmental crises.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; landscape archaeology ; Cyprus ; Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) ; Eastern Mediterranean ; Land Description Units ; stakeholders’ analysis ; UK ; local authority ; ancient sanctuaries ; East Med landscape ; Twain-born Border Lord ; Landscape Decision Support System ; mapping ; topography ; Byzantine landscape and garden art ; economy ; LCA ; classification ; churches ; Arabic-speaking ; participatory ; Landscape Risk Assessment Model ; landforms ; GIS ; planning ; typology ; Greek-speaking ; public realm ; landscape changes ; sacred space ; comparative study ; urban environment ; ideology ; political power ; Arabic landscape and garden art ; cultural sustainability ; historical maps ; religion ; rural land ; multi-functional landscapes ; Lebanon ; Mediterranean ; geographical information system ; spatial distributions ; Land Description Unit (LDU) ; political sustainability ; landscape ; landscape character assessment ; governance ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy systems worldwide are undergoing major transformation as a consequence of the transition towards the widespread use of clean and sustainable energy sources. Basically, this involves massive changes in technical and organizational levels together with tremendous technological upgrades in different sectors ranging from energy generation and transmission systems down to distribution systems. These actions generate huge science and engineering challenges and demands for expert knowledge in the field to create solutions for a sustainable energy system that is economically, environmentally, and socially viable while meeting high security requirements. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development, and presents contributions in sustainable energy systems planning, integration, and management. Moreover, the book elaborates on a variety of topics, ranging from design and planning of small- to large-scale energy systems to the operation and control of energy networks in different sectors, namely electricity, heat, ?and transport.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Romanian coastal environment ; neural networks ; intermittent heating ; wind velocities ; time-space network ; optimal chiller loading (OCL) ; renewable energy ; pure electric buses ; mixed-integer non-linear programming problem (MINLP) ; control system ; FANP ; energy consumption ; load regulation ; energy ; smart box ; novel method ; smart logistics system ; multiple uncertainties ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; wind speed forecasting ; solid waste to energy plant ; uncertain cooling demand ; dual robust optimization ; Black Sea ; field test and numerical simulation ; electric power ; sustainable development ; multi-type bus operating organization ; cuckoo search algorithm ; vehicular emissions ; SWAN ; public transport ; product quality model ; MCDM ; TOPSIS ; heat transfer ; solar energy ; forecasting validity ; information gap decision theory (IGDT) ; photovoltaic systems ; configurations of internal wall ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; agricultural pruning ; hot summer and cold winter climate zone ; energy and environmental systems ; feature extraction ; information platform ; pruning biomass ; smart grid ; product usability testing ; meteorological variables ; fuzzy logic ; performance evaluation ; rural residential building ; threshold value of daily operation hours ; datacenter ; wave energy ; thermal comfort ; heat storage and release ; resampling ; risk aversion ; environment ; support vector machine ; internal coverings ; numerical models ; gradient descent ; renewable biomass energy ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The Hippo pathway is a highly dynamic cellular signaling nexus that plays central roles in multiple cell types and regulates regeneration, metabolism, and development. The Hippo pathway integrates mechanotransduction, cell polarity, inflammation, and numerous types of paracrine signaling. If not tightly regulated, dysregulated Hippo pathway signaling drives the onset and progression of a range of diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. The molecular understanding of the Hippo pathway is rapidly evolving. This Special Issue contains ten articles contributed by established and up-and-coming Hippo pathway experts that, as a whole, provides an up-to-date overview of how dysregulated Hippo pathway activity is a common driver of specific diseases. The articles have a particular focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that cause the Hippo pathway to go awry, and especially how this drives disease. The articles analyze disease-specific as well as common themes, which provides valuable insights into the fundamental molecular mechanisms in the dysfunctioning Hippo pathway, and thereby offer practical insights into potential future therapeutic intervention strategies.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; STRIPAK ; skin cancer ; n/a ; Lats2 ; transcription ; myofibroblast ; epigenetic ; Hippo ; cancer immunity ; TAZ ; Taz ; TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) ; adaptive immunity ; fibroblasts ; innate immunity ; LATS ; MST (mammalian STE20-like protein kinase) ; phosphorylation ; stem cells ; wound healing ; signal transduction ; angiogenesis ; LATS1/2 ; EMT ; protein-protein interactions ; structure biology ; Hippo pathway ; hippo pathway ; autoimmunity ; Mps one binder ; YAP/TAZ ; GPCR ; fibrosis ; MST1/2 ; YAP (yes-associated protein) ; YAP ; Yap ; protein kinase ; LATS (large tumor suppressor kinase) ; peripheral nerve sheath tumor ; signal cross-talk ; stem cell ; skin development ; STK38 ; tumorigenesis ; NDR ; schwannoma ; G protein-coupled receptor ; anti-cancer therapy ; feedback loops ; vascular mimicry ; castration resistance ; chromatin ; Hippo signalling ; ECM ; MST ; prostate cancer ; TEAD ; cancer ; zebrafish ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 19
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Phytochemicals from natural products are now widely used as food additives (antioxidants, pigments), food supplements, cosmetic ingredients, etc. Currently, the majority of the extraction processes implemented on an industrial scale for the production of bioactive-enriched extracts are based on solvents of petroleum origin. However, contemporary trends in green extraction techniques dictate a minimization of solvent use, low-energy processes and novel eco-friendly materials that are environmentally benign. The search for liquids and/or extraction technologies that could meet such requirements is, therefore, an intriguing concept. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural bioactive substances from plant resources, using state-of-the-art extraction technologies, with prospects in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: cosmeceutical product ; long-lived trees ; simplex-centroid mixture design ; deep eutectic solvents ; bioactivity ; flavonoids ; extraction ; deep eutectic solvents (DES) ; natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) ; Moringa oleifera ; polyphenols ; ultrasonication pretreatment ; antioxidants ; hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin ; potato peels ; grape seed ; grape skin ; green extraction ; antioxidant activity ; chlorogenic acid ; caffeine ; β-cyclodextrin ; coffee pulp ; sensory analysis ; cold brew ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 20
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The range of human neurodegenerative diseases continues to pose significant unmet medical needs for societies around the world. The progressive and terminal nature of these conditions places a considerable personal burden on the individual affected but also on public health systems and health services. Tens of millions of people are indiscriminately affected by various dementias, which are rising at an alarming rate. There are no cures for many conditions, and it is clear that treatments applied as early as possible could greatly improve outcomes for patients. Therefore, new disease classification and diagnostic tools should be a key priority. Metabolomics represents a relatively new field of analytical science, which can be extremely useful in the early diagnosis of disease. The relatively unique feature of metabolites is that they sit at the intersection between the genetic background of an organism and its environment. Because many neurodegenerative diseases are not genetically inherited (instead having a range of known genetic risk factors and also a large number of unknown environmental triggers) the field of metabolomics offers great promise for the discovery of new, biologically, and clinically relevant biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders. It is already bringing forward new knowledge in terms of the mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; glutamic acid ; n/a ; direct mass spectrometry ; neurodegeneration ; 6-OHDA ; targeted mass spectrometry ; mitochondrial dysfunction ; myo-inositol ; metabolomics ; bile acids ; subacute mild traumatic brain injury ; age-related macular degeneration ; metabolic pathways ; energy metabolism ; midbrain ; Alzheimer’s disease ; biomarkers ; 1H NMR ; Parkinson’s disease dementia ; GC-MS ; pathogenesis ; tricarboxylic acid cycle ; micro-dialysis ; 13C-labeled succinate ; metabolism ; lipidomics ; dementia with Lewy bodies ; fatty acid ; prodromal Parkinson’s disease ; malonate ; cerebral ischemia ; mass spectrometry ; retinal pigment epithelium ; excitotoxicity ; endothelin-1 ; reperfusion ; C. elegans ; Streptomyces venezuelae ; ?-synuclein aggregates ; natural product ; fatty acid metabolism ; imaging mass spectrometry ; LC-MS ; drusen ; cerebral palsy ; plasma ; Parkinson’s disease ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Welfare is a multidimensional concept that can be described as the state of an animal as it copes with the environment. Captive environments can impact farmed animals at different levels, especially fishes, considering their highly complex sensory world. Understanding the ethology of a species is therefore essential to address fish welfare, and the interpretation of behavioral responses in specific rearing contexts (aquaculture or experimental contexts) demands knowledge of their underlying physiological, developmental, functional, and evolutionary mechanisms. In natural environments, the stress response has evolved to help animals survive challenging conditions. However, animals are adapted to deal with natural stressors, while anthropogenic stimuli may represent stressors that fishes are unable to cope with. Under such circumstances, stress responses may be maladaptive and cause severe damage to the animal. As welfare in captivity is affected in multiple dimensions, multiple possible indicators can be used to assess the welfare state of individuals. In the past, research on welfare has been largely focusing on health indicators and predominantly based on physiological stress. Ethological indicators, however, also integrate the mental perspective of the individual and have been gradually assuming an important role in welfare research: behavioral responses to stressors are an early response to adverse conditions, easily observable, and demonstrative of emotional states. Many behavioral indicators can be used as non-invasive measurements of welfare in practical contexts such as aquaculture and experimentation. Presently, research in fish welfare is growing in importance and interest because of the growing economic importance of fish farming, the comparative biology opportunities that experimental fishes provide, and the increasing public sensitivity to welfare issues.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; SF1-1100 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; muscle texture ; fractal analysis ; fish welfare ; Danio rerio ; motivation ; histopathology ; elevated phosphate concentrations ; sharks ; welfare ; African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ; feed efficiency ; fighting ability ; aggressive interaction ; social rank ; boldness ; ethology ; fisheries management ; physiological response ; FishEthoBase ; welfare scores ; welfare criteria ; stress ; pain ; stereotypical behaviour ; Scyliorhinus canicula ; animal behavior ; welfare enhancement ; social communication ; nociception ; negative and positive affect ; aggression ; fertilisation success ; risk analysis ; aquaculture ; hematology ; Amyloodinium ocellatum ; framework ; structural complexity ; territorial ; growth ; positive welfare ; social stress ; age ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The re-use of industrial food residues is essential in the general framework of rational waste handling and recycling, which aims at the minimizing environmental impact of food production and producing functional food ingredients. Agri-food processing waste has long been considered a valuable biomass with a significant polyphenol load and profile. Polyphenols, aside from being powerful antioxidants that confer inherent stability to a variety of foods, may possess versatile bioactivities including anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. The valorization of agri-food waste as a prominent source of polyphenols stems from the enormous amount of food-related material discharged worldwide and the emerging eco-friendly technologies that allow high recovery, recycling, and sustainable use of these materials. This book addresses the concept of recovering natural polyphenolic antioxidants from waste biomass generated by agri-food and related industrial processes and presents state-of-the-art applications with prospect in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; valorization ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; microwave assisted extraction ; Box–Behnken design ; HPLC-DAD-q-TOF-MS ; Dioscorea batatas ; green oleo-extraction ; grape marc ; quantitative analysis ; natural antioxidants and flavors ; antioxidant ; infrared-assisted extraction ; anti-ageing ; anthocyanins ; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Chinese yam ; functional food ; extraction ; olive mill wastewater ; adsorbents ; relative solubility simulation ; HPLC-fluorometric detector (FLD)–MS ; saffron ; antioxidants ; food-grade solvents ; Mango ; zero-waste biorefinery ; response surface methodology ; ophthalmic hydrogel ; olive leaves ; sonotrode ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; vegetable oils and derivatives ; anti-inflammatory ; skin whitening ; phenolics ; Brewers’ spent grains ; proanthocyanidins ; brewer’s spent grain ; anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity ; antimicrobial activity ; by-products ; antiplatelet activity ; phenanthrenes ; wine lees ; bioactive compounds ; deep eutectic solvents ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 23
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; Larson–Miller parameter ; n/a ; visualization ; bond coat ; hydrogen ; poly-crystal ; Gibbs free energy principle ; constitutive equations ; creep damage ; DFT ; finite element method ; austenitic stainless steel ; strain rate sensitivity ; MCrAlY ; excess volume ; superalloy ; scanning electron microscopy ; creep buckling ; dislocation dynamics ; creep ; elevated temperature ; modelling ; size effect ; residual stress ; superalloy VAT 32 ; water vapor ; activation energy ; small angle neutron scattering ; superalloy VAT 36 ; metallic glass ; iron aluminides ; Gr.91 ; internal stress ; relaxation fatigue ; multiaxiality ; creep grain boundary ; grain boundary cavitation ; cavitation ; solute atom ; stress exponent ; external pressure ; P92 ; TMA ; low cycle fatigue ; nanoindentation ; high temperature ; FEM ; intrinsic ductility ; normalizing ; creep ductility ; creep rupture mechanism ; microstructural features ; simulate HAZ ; P92 steel ; glide ; ferritic–martensitic steel ; creep rupture ; cyclic softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic health condition that is often misunderstood or ignored by health establishments. The lack of definitive diagnostic markers to separate ME/CFS patients from the healthy population as well as from other chronic disorders is problematic for both health professionals and researchers. A consortium of Australian researchers gathered to systematically understand ME/CFS, ranging from a deep analysis of clinical and pathology data to metabolomic profiles and the investigation of mitochondrial function. From this broad collaboration, a number of compelling insights have arisen that may form the basis of specific serum, blood, and/or urinary biomarkers of ME/CFS. This Special Edition reports on a conference centred on these biomedical discoveries, with other contributions, with a translation focus for predictive markers for ME/CFS diagnosis. By supporting health professionals with developments in diagnostics for this condition, the patients and their families will hopefully benefit from an improved recognition of the biomedical underpinnings of the condition and will be better able to access the care that is urgently required. This Special Edition contains a mix of speaker submissions and other accepted manuscripts that contributed to our objective of advancing biomedical insights to enable the accurate diagnosis of ME/CFS.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; fatigue syndrome ; n/a ; work rehabilitation ; tryptophan metabolism ; substrate inhibition ; myalgic encephalomyelitis ; 3-dioxygenase ; ME (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis) ; assessment ; myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) ; muscles ; hypoacetylation ; circadian rhythm ; immune system ; chronic ; CFS (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome) ; energy metabolism ; ME/CFS ; immunological ; cytokine ; bistability ; diagnosis ; biomarker ; symptoms ; kynurenine pathway ; inflammation and immunity ; metabolism ; neuro-inflammation ; pathology ; signaling ; exercise ; Epstein Barr virus ; methylhistidine ; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis ; potential biomarkers ; critical point ; inflammation ; histone deacetylation ; participatory research ; neurology ; neuroimmune ; activin ; mitochondria ; patient-driven questionnaire ; medical retirement ; machine learning ; prognosis ; gut microbiota ; post-exertional malaise ; chronic fatigue syndrome ; mathematical model ; reference intervals ; diagnostic biomarker ; indoleamine-2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents an interesting sample of the latest advances in optimization techniques applied to electrical power engineering. It covers a variety of topics from various fields, ranging from classical optimization such as Linear and Nonlinear Programming and Integer and Mixed-Integer Programming to the most modern methods based on bio-inspired metaheuristics. The featured papers invite readers to delve further into emerging optimization techniques and their real application to case studies such as conventional and renewable energy generation, distributed generation, transport and distribution of electrical energy, electrical machines and power electronics, network optimization, intelligent systems, advances in electric mobility, etc.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; Stackelberg game ; MILP ; optimal congestion threshold ; magnetic field mitigation ; simulation ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization ; virtual power plant ; internal defect ; day-ahead load forecasting ; neural network ; modular predictor ; multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm ; stochastic optimization ; dragonfly algorithm ; unit commitment ; metaheuristic ; multi-population method (MP) ; optimization ; tabu search ; considerable decomposition ; loss minimization ; active distribution system ; islanded microgrid ; dynamic solving framework ; feature selection ; electric energy costs ; power factor compensation ; dependability ; interactive load ; overhead ; energy internet ; evolutionary computation ; wind power ; developed grew wolf optimizer ; underground ; ETAP ; fuzzy algorithm ; electric vehicles ; Schwarz’s equation ; evolutionary algorithms ; electric power contracts ; congestion management ; optimizing-scenarios method ; building energy management system ; particle encoding method ; ringdown detection ; HOMER software ; DC optimal power flow ; prosumer ; constrained parameter estimation ; distributed generations (DGs) ; strong track filter (STF) ; transient stability ; calibration ; cost minimization ; radiance ; decentralized and collaborative optimization ; hybrid renewable energy system ; renewable energy sources ; rural electrification ; distribution network reconfiguration ; interval variables ; optimization methods ; particle swarm optimization ; hierarchical scheduling ; micro grid ; AC/DC hybrid active distribution ; consensus ; artificial bee colony ; CCHP system ; data center ; support vector machine ; affinity propagation clustering ; extended Kalman filter ; affine arithmetic ; linear discriminant analysis (LDA) ; current margins ; heterogeneous networks ; Cameroon ; hybrid method ; distributed heat-electricity energy management ; discrete wind driven optimization ; fitness function ; cross-entropy ; GenOpt ; wind energy ; demand uncertainty ; UC ; off-design performance ; genetic algorithm ; energy storage ; the biomimetic membrane computing ; power system optimization ; electric vehicle ; power architectures ; economic load dispatch problem (ELD) ; runner-root algorithm (RRA) ; Cable joint ; battery energy storage system ; load curtailment ; integration assessment ; power system unit commitment ; artificial lighting ; power flow ; hybrid membrane computing ; two-point estimation method ; low-voltage networks ; demand bidding ; non-sinusoidal circuits ; energy flow model ; power transfer distribution factors ; sustainability ; HVAC system ; voltage deviation ; street light points ; radial basis function ; energy storage system ; charging/discharging ; power systems ; intelligent scatter search ; MV/LV substation ; optimal power flow ; stochastic state estimation ; eight searching sub-regions ; chaos optimization algorithm (COA) ; mutual information theory ; inter-turn shorted-circuit fault (ISCF) ; C&I particle swarm optimization ; multiobjective optimization ; passive shielding ; sub-Saharan Africa ; micro-phasor measurement unit ; geometric algebra ; bio-inspired algorithms ; adaptive consensus algorithm ; energy management ; PCS efficiency ; multi-stakeholders ; generalized generation distribution factors ; the genetic algorithm based P system ; JAYA algorithm ; thermal probability density ; power optimization ; pumped-hydro energy storage ; smart grid ; two-stage feature selection ; piecewise linear techniques ; photovoltaic ; SOCP relaxations ; switched reluctance machine (SRM) ; optimal reactive power dispatch ; optimal operation ; controllable response ; off-grid ; active shielding ; transformer-fault diagnosis ; IEEE Std. 80-2000 ; principal component analysis ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics is to ensure that structures are safe and durable so that catastrophic situations can be prevented, which can otherwise cause loss of life, environmental pollution and financial losses. Depending on the uses of the structure and the conditions that the structure is subjected to, special treatment may be required for the analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to the marine environment, which can cause several different damage mechanisms including fatigue and corrosion. This book on “Marine structures” considers a wide range of areas related to marine structures and provides a compilation of numerical and experimental studies related to “Marine structures” research.
    Keywords: TC1501-1800 ; TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shock loads ; n/a ; jacket structures ; protective device ; tripod support structures ; soil-pile-structure interaction ; acoustic metamaterials ; semi-active ; jacket platform ; solitons ; waves ; biofouling ; seawater piping systems ; motion response ; earthquake ; low-frequency sound ; failure mechanism ; free-surface flow ; depressed bottom ; performance prediction ; acoustic band gap ; marine growth ; uncoupled analysis ; towing resistance ; viscous fluid flow ; ice-induced vibration ; superelement ; anti-collision assessment ; peridynamics ; steel ; integrated numerical model ; fairlead position ; reliability ; cross-flow ; coupled analysis ; morphology evolution ; composites ; tuned mass damper ; towing method ; wave loading ; vortex-induced vibration ; coastal protection structures ; structural control ; vortical flow ; critical mass ratio ; flexible pipe ; stochastic modeling ; offshore wind turbine ; hydrodynamics ; high pressure ; offshore integrated meteorological mast (OIMM) ; ice-resistant cone ; sediment transport ; offshore wind ; thermomechanical ; corrosion detection
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  • 27
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Concerns have been raised with respect to the state of high-altitude and high-latitude treelines, as they are anticipated to undergo considerable modifications due to global changes, and especially due to climate warming. As high-elevation treelines are temperature-limited vegetation boundaries, they are considered to be sensitive to climate warming. As a consequence, in this future, warmer environment, an upward migration of treelines is expected because low air and root-zone temperatures constrain their regeneration and growth. Despite the ubiquity of climate warming, treeline advancement is not a worldwide phenomenon: some treelines have been advancing rapidly, others have responded sluggishly or have remained stable. This variation in responses is attributed to the potential interaction of a continuum of site-related factors that may lead to the occurrence of locally conditioned temperature patterns. Competition amongst species and below-ground resources have been suggested as additional factors explaining the variability in the movement of treelines. This Special Issue (book) is dedicated to the discussion of treeline responses to changing environmental conditions in different areas around the globe.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; tree seedling recruitment ; shrubline ; light quality ; higher altitude ; precipitation ; experimental rain exclusion ; Pinus cembra ; Changbai Mountain ; treeline dynamics ; fungal ecology ; thermal continentality ; tree regeneration ; elevational transect ; monitoring ; conifer shrub ; plant water availability ; permafrost ; foehn winds ; treeline ; Holocene ; nitrogen cycling ; carotenoids ; timberline ; 15N natural abundance ; spectrometer ; basal area increment ; palynology ; xylem embolism ; diversity ; elevational treeline ; European Alps ; temperature ; tree line ; winter stress ; photosynthetic pigments ; Pinus sibirica ; westerly winds ; relative air humidity ; ecosystem manipulation ; Larix decidua ; microsite ; polar treeline ; Central Austrian Alps ; Switzerland ; multi-stemmed growth form ; conifers ; forest edge ; history of treeline research ; soil drought ; dendroclimatology ; knowledge engineering ; Rocky Mountains ; apical control ; cloud ; postglacial ; alpine timberline ; space-for-time substitution ; climate change ; expert elicitation ; shoot elongation ; pit aspiration ; climate warming ; climate zone ; alpine treeline ; refilling ; Abies sibirica ; growth trend ; western Montana ; light quantity ; Picea abies ; Mediterranean climate ; forest climatology ; altitude ; environmental stress ; sub-Antarctic ; Erman’s birch ; photoinhibition ; tocopherol ; elevational gradients ; NDVI ; long-term trends ; sap flow ; peat ; tree seedlings ; Southern Ocean ; chlorophyll ; non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) ; drought ; upward advance ; remote sensing data ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue, “Architectural Structure,” aims to gather general advances in human-made constructions which simultaneously are driven by aesthetic and structural engineering considerations. This Special Issue brings together twelve contributions covering the following topics: analysis of architectural typologies; the study of the mechanical performance of structural materials, structural systems and components; and the proposal of techniques to evaluate the mechanical performance in existing structures and new construction techniques.
    Keywords: recycled aggregate concrete ; block masonry ; compressive strength ; carbon emission ; stress–strain curves ; outrigger wall ; multiple openings ; deep beam ; stiffness ; shear strength ; tall building ; inverted multi tee ; prestressed concrete ; precast concrete ; structural performance ; flexural analysis ; self-compacting concrete ; non-destructive test methods ; ultrasonic pulse velocity test ; surface hardness test ; pull-out test ; maturity test ; within-test variability ; normal vibrated concrete ; concrete structures ; beams &amp ; girders ; torsion ; high-strength concrete ; prestressing ; traditional slabs ; ceramic-reinforced slabs ; shear response ; cyclic loading ; natural fiber-reinforced polymers ; NFRP ; computational design ; tailored fiber placement ; coreless filament winding ; rapid prototyping ; industry 4.0 ; lightweight structure ; Geopolymer ; Alkali activated ; tensile strength ; deformability ; experimental study ; analytical model ; reinforced concrete ; beams ; fly ash alkali activated ; bending ; thin-walled I-section ; continuous beam ; local buckling ; longitudinal stress variation ; design ultimate resistance of the cross-section ; Rudolf Steiner ; anthroposophy ; architecture ; Goetheanum ; double-steel-concrete composite shear walls ; axial and bending capacity ; failure characteristic ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As computer and space technologies have been developed, geoscience information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies, which deal with the geospatial information, have been rapidly maturing. Moreover, over the last few decades, machine learning techniques including artificial neural network (ANN), deep learning, decision tree, and support vector machine (SVM) have been successfully applied to geospatial science and engineering research fields. The machine learning techniques have been widely applied to GIS and RS research fields and have recently produced valuable results in the areas of geoscience, environment, natural hazards, and natural resources. This book is a collection representing novel contributions detailing machine learning techniques as applied to geoscience information systems and remote sensing.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; sport games ; compensatory eating ; breath test ; exercise-induced anorexia ; Fitbit ; nutrition education ; senescence ; body weight ; sport nutrition ; fitness ; long-term follow-up ; self-efficacy ; protein ; food consumption ; cytokines ; physical exercise ; cardiometabolic health ; mediation analyses ; obesity ; food choice ; telomere length ; sporting events ; carbohydrates ; free radicals ; marathon ; adolescents ; movement skills ; naturally enriched 13C-milk proteins ; behavioral intervention ; acute exercise ; skeletal muscle damage ; Protein ; TERRA ; nutrition ; telemonitoring ; Latino ; adolescent ; macronutrients ; metabolism ; mechanisms of impact ; anabolic competence ; endurance exercise ; food healthiness ; exercise ; health promotion ; behavioral economics ; immunity ; stunting ; lifestyle intervention ; running ; telomerase ; dietary intake ; inflammation ; vegetarian ; recreational athlete ; physical performance ; out-of-home eating ; diet ; overweight ; dietary restriction ; soccer ; dual burden of malnutrition ; protein shake ; childhood memories ; chronic diseases ; music events ; oxidation ; added sugar ; lifestyle change ; vegan ; nudges ; food ; physical activity ; half-marathon ; health conscious ; free or reduced lunch ; low-income ; diet quality ; National School Lunch Program ; older adults ; aging ; sport spectators ; chronic low-grade systemic inflammation ; sport ; food intake ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue on “Blood-Derived Products for Tissue Repair and Regeneration” reveals the evolution and diversity of platelet rich plasma (PRP) technologies, which includes experimental research on novel formulations, the creation of combination therapies, and the exploration of potential modifiers of PRPs, as well as efficacy of PRP therapies in clinical veterinary and human applications. Scientist and clinicians are now starting to develop different treatments based on their reinterpretation of the traditional roles of platelets and plasma, and the current Issue has provided a forum for sharing research and ways of understanding the associated medicinal benefits from different points of view. The research interest in this area has covered different medical disciplines, such as ophthalmology, dentistry, orthopedics, and sports medicine.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; n/a ; biomaterial ; redifferentiation ; regenerative medicine ; skeletal muscle regeneration ; furcation defects ; Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) ; PRP ; fracture ; fibrin sealant ; periodontal surgery ; bone regeneration ; serum derived from plasma rich in growth factors (s-PRGF) ; cartilage repair ; myofibroblasts ; autologous platelet concentrates ; burns ; satellite cells ; articular cartilage ; stem cell niche ; wound healing ; quantification ; growth factors ; biologics ; platelet rich plasma ; meniscus ; adipose tissue ; Carprofen ; platelet-rich fibrin ; platelets ; hyperacute serum ; bone defects ; serum eye drops ; corneal epithelial defect ; fibrosis ; dog ; myoblasts ; differentiation ; chronic meniscal lesion ; horizontal meniscal tear ; PRGF ; collagen hydrogels ; periodontal defects ; bone grafting material ; composition ; cell therapy ; bone healing ; tissue healing ; trephination ; plasma rich plasma (PRP) ; bone repair ; plasma rich in growth factors ; knee arthrosis ; meniscus tear ; cornea regeneration ; wrist osteoarthritis ; periosteal sheet ; Platelet-Poor Plasma (PPP) ; platelet-rich plasma ; microfat ; bone grafting ; hyaluronic acid (NaHA) ; periodontal regeneration ; meniscus repair ; photobiomodulation therapy ; growth ; myogenesis ; blood derived products ; low-level laser therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Steel has become the most requested material all over the world during the rapid technological evolution of recent centuries. As our civilization grows and its technological development becomes connected with more demanding processes, it is more and more challenging to fit the required physical and mechanical properties for steel in its huge portfolio of grades for each steel producer. It is necessary to improve the refining and casting processes continuously to meet customer requirements and to lower the production costs to remain competitive. New challenges related to both the precise design of steel properties and reduction in production costs are combined with paying special attention to environmental protection. These contradictory demands are the theme of this book.
    Keywords: oxygen converter slag ; chemical composition of slag ; structural composition of slag ; continuous casting ; tundish ; residence time ; transient casting ; swirling flow tundish ; SEN immersion depth ; multiphase flow ; heat transfer ; continuous casting mold ; computional fluid dynamiscs (CFD) ; fuzzy logic ; optimal cooling ; steel quality prediction ; deoxidation ; inclusions ; thermodynamics ; Ti-bearing steel ; Ca treatment ; dephosphorization ; EAF ; BOF ; phosphorus equilibrium ; wide-thick slab ; non-uniform solidification ; heavy reduction ; porosity ; deformation ; ladle stirring ; turbulence ; slag ; interface ; refining ; mixing time ; slag opening ; pipeline steel ; cooling rate ; composition ; Al-TRIP steel ; slag-steel reaction ; crystalline morphology ; equilibrium model ; CALPHAD ; thermodynamic model ; rare earth ; numerical simulation ; C80D steel ; transverse water flux distribution ; solidification structure ; reoxidation ; tundish cover flux ; Cr2O3 ; decomposition reaction ; RH degasser ; physical Simulation ; mixing Time ; PIV ; flow field ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 32
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together state-of-the art articles on applied linguistics which reflect investigation carried out by researchers from different parts of the world. By bringing together papers from different perspectives, we hope to be able to gain a better understanding of the field. Hence, this Special Issue intends to address the study of language in its different dimensions and within the framework of multiple methodologies and formal accounts as used by researchers in the field. This Special Issue is dedicated to research in any area related to applied linguistics, including language acquisition and language learning; language teaching and curriculum design; language for specific purposes; psychology of language, child language and psycholinguistics; sociolinguistics; pragmatics; discourse analysis; corpus linguistics, computational linguistics and language engineering; lexicology and lexicography; and translation and interpretation.
    Keywords: P1-1091 ; valency changing ; foreign language teaching ; n/a ; English as a Foreign Language ; Russian ; teaching methodologies in Higher Education ; internationalization of the curriculum ; Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE) ; language attitudes ; English linguistic imperialism ; cognates ; discourse analysis ; middle voice ; Spanish ; Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence ; corpus analysis ; Spanish universities ; internationalisation ; language contact ; Samoyedic languages ; Frame-Based Terminology ; conceptual complexes ; modals ; English as a medium of instruction (EMI) ; reflexive ; legal English ; language policy ; lemmatic transfer ; minority language ; grammatical gender ; linguistic landscape ; interference ; conceptual information extraction ; metonymy ; late Modern English scientific writing ; discourse practices ; domain loss ; pattern borrowing ; spontaneous translanguaging ; lexemic transfer ; teacher training ; bilingualism ; geographic contextualization ; metaphor ; frame-based terminology ; text mining ; language diversity ; English for Specific Purposes ; language acquisition ; Tungusic languages ; higher education ; Papiamentu ; food ; multilingualism ; Coruña Corpus ; named river ; Study Abroad ; translation ; idiom ; Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) ; business English ; bic Book Industry Communication::C Language
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: This Special Issue consists of seven papers that discuss how to enhance mobility management and its associated performance in the mobile-oriented future Internet (MOFI) environment. The first two papers deal with the architectural design and experimentation of mobility management schemes, in which new schemes are proposed and real-world testbed experimentations are performed. The subsequent three papers focus on the use of software-defined networks (SDN) for effective service provisioning in the MOFI environment, together with real-world practices and testbed experimentations. The remaining two papers discuss the network engineering issues in newly emerging mobile networks, such as flying ad-hoc networks (FANET) and connected vehicular networks.
    Keywords: flying ad hoc network (FANET) ; mobile ad hoc network (MANET) ; highly dynamic ; periodical ; topology change awareness ; routing protocol ; mobility management ; architecture ; implementation ; experimentation ; EU–Korea testbed ; SDN ; DASH ; QoE ; HTTP/3 ; QUIC ; traffic signal control ; shared lane ; control strategy ; vehicle-to-infrastructure ; variable lane line ; cloud computing ; management ; middle box ; placement ; resource ; vendor-agnostic ; virtual machine ; VM ; affordable playground ; hyper-converged SmartX Box ; distributed resources ; multi-site and virtualized cloud ; software-defined networking ; DevOps automation ; ILNP ; identifier-locator ; mobile network ; roaming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATF Films, cinema ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; aberration compensation ; holographic and volume memories ; achromatic lens ; head-up displays ; phase characterization ; holographic display ; spatial resolution ; spatial light modulator ; zoom lens ; soliton ; transmission matrix ; head-mounted displays ; diffraction ; parallel-aligned ; liquid-crystal on silicon ; phase measurement ; multimode fiber ; digital holography ; chromatic aberration ; multiorder diffractive lens ; holography ; phase accuracy ; interference ; computer generated hologram ; optical manipulation ; speckle suppression ; phase modulation ; transparent mode ; light scattering ; ferroelectric ; phase change ; liquid-crystal-on-silicon ; imaging systems ; Liquid Crystal on Silicon display ; diffractive optical element ; liquid crystals ; spatially anamorphic phenomenon ; calibration ; head-up display ; helix-free ; phase precision and stability ; kinoform ; spatial light modulators ; photopolymer ; diffractive optics ; mode division multiplexing ; liquid crystal on silicon device ; augmented reality displays ; holographic data storage ; liquid crystal spatial light modulator ; harmonic lens ; fringing field effect ; liquid crystal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TN1-997 ; n/a ; valorization ; ceramic membrane ; general industrial solid waste ; cemented paste backfill ; cemented phosphogypsum backfill ; unconfined compressive strength ; mineralogy ; froth flotation ; silicate-carbonate gangue ; geochemical characteristic ; activity concentration ; building materials ; valuable elements ; upgrading ; radiological influence ; durability ; phosphogypsum ; phosphate ore processing ; low-grade phosphate ; industrial waste ; phosphogypsum (PG) ; filtration ; civil engineering ; comprehensive utilization ; phosphorite ; flotation ; REE recovery ; phosphate mine waste rocks ; Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin ; acid extraction ; rare earth elements ; drying-wetting cycles ; column flotation ; slimes ; collector ; phosphate mine tailings ; apatite ; purification ; REE-bearing phases ; weathered ore ; water washing ; depressant ; environment behavior ; experimental design ; interfering ions ; technological mineralogy ; red mud ; rare earth elements (REEs) ; waste management ; phosphate ore ; waste recycle ; natural radioactivity ; natural aggregates ; phosphate ; beneficiation ; beneficiation tailings ; road techniques wet process ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue gathers papers reporting research on various aspects of remote sensing of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and the use of satellite SSS in oceanography. It includes contributions presenting improvements in empirical or theoretical radiative transfer models; mitigation techniques of external interference such as RFI and land contamination; comparisons and validation of remote sensing products with in situ observations; retrieval techniques for improved coastal SSS monitoring, high latitude SSS and the assessment of ocean interactions with the cryosphere; and data fusion techniques combining SSS with sea surface temperature (SST). New instrument technology for the future of SSS remote sensing is also presented.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; satellite salinity ; one-dimensional (1D) aperture synthesis radiometer ; smos ; Gulf of Maine ; retrieval errors ; Aquarius ; combined active/passive SSS retrieval algorithm ; ocean surface roughness ; upwelling ; salt transport ; quality assessment ; sea ice ; SMOS ; microwave radiometry ; Arctic Gateways ; Aquarius satellite ; validation ; sea surface temperature ; water transport ; forward model ; river discharge ; sea surface salinity ; remote sensing ; retrieval algorithm ; Water Cycle Observation Mission (WCOM) ; SMAP ; microwave remote sensing ; alboran sea ; surface velocity ; Arctic Ocean ; sea surface salinity (SSS) ; coastal ; brightness temperature (TB) ; interferometric microwave imager (IMI) ; Scotian Shelf ; MICAP ; different instrument configurations ; bias characteristics ; mediterranean sea ; Gulf of Mexico ; calibration ; retroflections ; Arctic ocean ; salinity ; Sea Surface Salinity ; Arctic rivers ; Argo ; data processing ; aquarius ; ocean salinity ; Aquarius Validation Data System (AVDS) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ranaviruses and other viruses within the family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of ecologically and commercially important ectothermic vertebrates, i.e., bony fish, amphibians, and reptiles, and invertebrates, including agricultural and medical pests and cultured shrimp and crayfish, and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of these various agents on diverse host species requires the combined efforts of ecologists, veterinarians, pathologists, comparative immunologists and molecular virologists. Unfortunately, investigators involved in these studies often work in discipline-specific silos that preclude interaction with others whose insights and approaches are required to comprehensively address problems related to ranavirus/iridovirus disease. Our intent here is to breakdown these silos and provide a forum where diverse researchers with a common interest in ranavirus/iridovirus biology can profitably interact. As a colleague once quipped, “Three people make a genius.” We are hoping to do something along those lines by presenting a collection of research articles dealing with issues of anti-viral immunity, identification of a potentially novel viral genus exemplified by erythrocytic necrosis virus, viral inhibition of innate immunity, identification of novel hosts for lymphocystivirus and invertebrate iridoviruses, and modelling studies of ranavirus transmission. Collectively these and others will exemplify the breadth of ongoing studies focused on this virus family.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; risk assessment ; n/a ; CQIV ; mathematical models ; amphibian ; iridovirus ; ISDL ; Exopalaemon carinicauda ; viral load ; virus isolation ; European chub ; outbreak ; Unconventional T cell ; early detection ; susceptible species ; viral immune evasion ; DNA virus ; Rana grylio virus ; antibody ; intracellular localization ; Rana grylio virus (RGV) ; British Columbia ; Iridoviridae ; Andrias davidianus ranavirus ; viral infection ; susceptible-infected (SI) models ; yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) ; prevalence ; host-pathogen interactions ; Pacific herring ; Procambarus clarkii ; Bayesian inference ; eDNA ; amphibians ; Artemia spp. ; ranavirosis ; cross-species transmission ; FV3 ; SHIV ; Gryllus bimaculatus ; Pacific salmon ; NF-?B ; cricket ; IIV-6 ; virus binding ; erythrocytic necrosis virus (ENV) ; envelope protein ; iridovirus core proteins ; emerging infection ; host ; Ranavirus ; white head ; Rana temporaria ; Imd ; biosecurity ; antiviral immunity ; Decapodiridovirus ; endemic disease ; Macrobrachium rosenbergii ; co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) ; Common frog ; aquatic animals ; virus surveillance ; immunomodulators ; frog virus 3 ; ELISA ; DIV1 ; megalocytivirus ; Lymphocystis disease virus ; bearded dragon ; susceptibility ; protein interaction ; Pogona vitticeps ; viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) ; histopathology ; epidemiology ; native-fish conservation ; viral transmission ; Sparus aurata ; immunohistochemistry ; lizard ; disease dynamics ; immunofluorescence ; transmission modelling ; Macrobrachium nipponense ; interferon ; nonclassical MHC ; heparan sulfate ; ranavirus ; Mexico ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Biomaterials is currently one of the most important fields of study. This is because of the high degree of interdisciplinarity and the many practical solutions it provides in relation to medicine, biology, chemistry, and physics. This Special Issue provides readers with research from the domain of composite biomaterials in different applications, from controlled drug release systems to tissue engineering.
    Keywords: PMMA ; zirconia (ZrO2) ; nanocomposite ; denture base ; flexural strength ; impact strength ; fracture toughness ; hardness ; graphene oxide ; silicone rubber ; composite materials ; antifouling ; harmonic motion ; corn straw ; pretreatment ; dyeing ; chemical structure ; tensile properties ; UV barrier ; water-resistance ; polylactic acid ; hydroxyapatite ; composite films ; industrial bamboo residue ; holocellulose aerogel ; hydrophobicity ; fire resistance ; thermal insulation material ; nucleating agent ; isotactic polypropylene ; transcrystallinity ; natural fibres ; Tencel™ ; membrane ; cellulose ; water purification ; tissue engineering ; magnetic nanoparticles ; composite ; DDS ; hyperthermia ; collagen ; scaffolds ; membranes ; hydrogels ; whey protein fibrils ; carbon nanotubes ; carbon nano-onions ; composites ; interaction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: In all spheres of life, relationships among public and private organizations are built in order to deal with complex societal problems and to address economic challenges that cannot be dealt with by single organizations. Because of the interdependencies, interorganizational collaboration is essential, yet working across organizational boundaries is far from simple. It involves a multitude of different organizations, each having its own interests, perspectives, and identities while also varying in power and size. Further, the societal problems that are dealt with are often severe. This volume focuses on the relational complexities of interorganizational collaboration, captured by the term dynamics, referring to: (a) the social and psychological processes that occur when organizations and their representatives interact to engage in cross-boundary or collaborative work (e.g., trust and distrust, intergroup stereotyping and conflict, conflict avoidance, inclusion and exclusion of stakeholders, power dynamics), as well as (b) the development of these processes over time, in view of external and internal events and/or as a consequence of deliberate interventions to enhance collaborative success. The perspective put forward is largely psychological and sociological, both in terms of understanding the group and intergroup processes as well as efforts to intervene to develop collaborative relationships, based on action research and an organizational development approach.
    Keywords: collaboration ; conflict ; participation ; multiparty systems ; group dynamics ; multilevel analysis ; dynamics ; boundaries ; change ; co-evolution ; meta-organization ; partnership ; institutional environment ; composition ; membership ; healthcare ; cross-sector partnerships ; institutional fields ; issue field ; power sources ; power strategies ; integrated care ; emotions ; emotional labor ; cross-boundary collaboration ; care professional ; patient ; client ; people with multiple complex problems ; health and social care ; social networks ; trust ; centrality ; relational approach ; inter-organizational collaboration ; multi-actor governance ; complexity leadership theory ; landfill mining ; leadership ; integration ; shared purpose ; accountability ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Traditionally fatigue, fracture, damage mechanics are predictions are based on empirical curve fitting models based on experimental data. However, when entropy is used as the metric for degradation of the material, the modeling process becomes physics based rather than empirical modeling. Because, entropy generation in a material can be calculated from the fundamental equation of thematerial. This collection of manuscripts is about using entropy for "Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring". The theoretical paper in the collection provides the mathematical and physics framework behind the unified mechanics theory, which unifies universal laws of motion of Newton and laws of thermodynamics at ab-initio level. Unified Mechanics introduces an additional axis called, Thermodynamic State Index axis which is linearly independent from Newtonian space x, y, z and time. As a result, derivative of displacement with respect to entropy is not zero, in unified mechanics theory, as in Newtonian mechanics. Any material is treated as a thermodynamic system and fundamental equation of the material is derived. Fundamental equation defines entropy generation rate in the system. Experimental papers in the collection prove validity of using entropy as a stable metric for Fatigue, Fracture, Failure Prediction and Structural Health Monitoring.
    Keywords: fatigue ; system failure ; degradation analysis ; entropy generation ; stress strain ; plastic strain ; thermodynamics ; health monitoring ; copula entropy ; measure ; dependence ; multiple degradation processes ; physics of failure ; prognosis and health management ; entropy as damage ; acoustic emission ; information entropy ; thermodynamic entropy ; Jeffreys divergence ; MaxEnt distributions ; fatigue damage ; low-cycle fatigue ; satellite ; dynamic health evaluation ; fuzzy reasoning ; entropy increase rate ; creep strain ; damage mechanics ; metallic material ; mechanothermodynamics ; tribo-fatigue entropy ; wear-fatigue damage ; stress-strain state ; limiting state ; damage state ; dangerous volume ; interaction ; irreversible damage ; degradation-entropy generation theorem ; dual-phase steel ; fatigue crack growth rate ; spectrum loading ; entropy ; unified mechanics ; Ti-6Al-4V ; medium entropy alloy ; deformation twinning ; dislocation slip ; surface nano-crystallization ; shot peening ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 41
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Laser welding is a high-energy process used in a wide range of advanced materials to obtain micro- to macro-sized joints in both similar and dissimilar combinations. Moreover, this technique is widely used in several industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and medical industries, as well as in electrical devices. Although laser welding has been used for several decades, significant and exciting innovations often arise from both the process and/or advanced materials side.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; tensile strength ; microstructure ; aided electric current ; stainless steel ; accuracy ; porosity control ; laser offset welding ; T-joint ; BTi-6431S ; dissimilar metal ; finite element method ; weld pool behavior ; dissimilar welding ; WPP ; laser welds ; HLAW ; fiber laser ; steel S700MC ; conduction regime ; liquid metal ; buy-to-fly ; EBSD phase mapping ; mass transfer ; mechanical properties ; hardness ; MAG ; phase transformation ; prediction ; LKW ; Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr ; laser beam ; laser welding-brazing ; DP1000 steel ; Ti–6Al–4V ; titanium ; low alloyed steel ; H-shaped fusion zone ; pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding ; spatter ; high-speed imaging ; weld morphology ; high temperature titanium alloy ; Al/steel joints ; hybrid welding ; dissimilar material ; laser beam welding ; intermetallic layer ; WW ; L-joint ; penetration ; laser stake welding ; laser keyhole welding ; trip steel ; finite element analysis ; laser welding ; magnesium alloy thin sheet ; keyhole ; tensile properties ; dissimilar joining ; IMC layers ; SKM ; fiber laser welding ; aluminium ; dual phase steel ; aluminum alloy T-joint ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: In the last few years, an increasing number of individuals have adopted a gluten free diet (GFD). A significant proportion of that includes patients affected by celiac disease (CD), who have to follow a strict GFD for medical purposes. However, a high number of individuals are currently following a GFD without medical counseling and without a specific diagnosis needing a gluten withdrawal from the diet. This is due to the frequently incorrect information diffused on the Internet and mass media on the topic of GFD. For these reasons, research on the GFD and its clinical use and biological effects is urgently needed.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC620-627 ; gluten ; n/a ; mental health ; 33-mer ; gut motility ; gluten re-introduction ; teenagers ; gastric emptying ; islet of Langerhans ; children ; high-fat diet-induced obesity ; affective disorders ; FODMAP intake ; Brazilian CD-QoL ; DQ2.5-glia-?3 epitopes ; place of residence ; zinc ; glutenin ; quality of life (QoL) ; mood disorders ; magnesium ; dietary adherence ; coeliac disease ; food habit ; villous atrophy ; pepsin ; peptides derived from gluten in faeces and urine ; beta cell ; body mass index (BMI) ; oral food challenge ; gliadin ; ?-gliadin ; non-celiac gluten sensitivity ; celiac disease ; wheat ; outcome ; DQ2.5-glia-?1 ; DQ2.5-glia-?2 ; gut microbiota ; type 2 diabetes ; major depressive disorder ; micronutrient ; beta-cell stress ; non-coeliac gluten sensitivity ; screening ; gluten free diet ; gluten-related disorders ; threshold ; diary recommended intake ; wheat species ; non-coeliac wheat sensitivity ; body composition ; serology ; educational level ; mineral ; disease duration ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; gluten-free diet ; NOD mouse ; diagnosis ; osteoporosis ; nutrition ; cholecyst ; wheat allergy ; celiac disease (CD) ; quality of life ; microbiota ; questionnaire ; nutritionists ; structured questionnaires ; Pseudomonas ; intestinal permeability ; Celiac Disease ; economic status ; effectiveness ; type 1 diabetes ; cost ; calcium ; irritable bowel syndrome ; adherence ; non celiac gluten sensitivity ; deficiency ; gluten sensitivity ; iron ; low FODMAP diet ; depression ; clinic ; duodenal biopsies ; fortification ; mucosal recovery ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Wood composites have shown very good performance, and substantial service lives when correctly specified for the exposure risks present. Selection of an appropriate product for the job should be accompanied by decisions about the appropriate protection, whether this is by design, by preservative treatment or by wood modification techniques. This Special Issue, Advances in Wood Composites presents recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart nanomaterials, which have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. In addition, it reviews some important aspects in the field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications, and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. This Special Issue, with a collection of 13 original contributions, provides selected examples of recent Advances in Wood Composites
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; shear strength ; n/a ; buckling ; thermal property ; acetic anhydride ; WPC ; silicon carbide ; coating amount ; composite ; polymer-triticale boards ; wood ; activation volume ; oriented strand lumber (OSL) ; bending strength ; nanowollastonite ; VOCs ; wood-inorganic composites ; thermal modification ; wood plastic composite ; crystallinity ; sol-gel process ; wood adhesive ; straw ; mechanical properties ; bamboo ; plastic ; carbothermal reduction ; formaldehyde emissions ; cellulose ; graphene nano-platelets ; creep behavior ; surface properties ; dimensional stability ; nanocompounds ; UF resin ; tunnel-structured ; ceramic ; color ; water absorption ; high-density polyethylene film ; mechanical property ; aquacultural ; HDPE ; biorefinery lignin ; methyl methacrylate ; structural analysis ; sol–gel process ; polyurethane-acrylate ; mechanical and physical properties ; water-based UV curing coating ; oak (Quercus alba L.) ; dynamic thermodynamic ; stepped isostress method ; thermoplastic polymers ; sustainable adhesives ; finite element analysis ; rapid formaldehyde release ; adhesive penetration ; modulus of elasticity in bending ; Southwell’s method ; hydrophobicity ; Abaqus ; sepiolite ; chemical structure ; alder plywood ; wood panels ; particleboard properties ; chemical modification ; thickness swelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 44
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of renewable energy is an effective solution for the prevention of global warming. On the other hand, environmental plasmas are one of powerful means to solve global environmental problems on nitrogen oxides, (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and carbon dioxides (CO2) in the atmosphere. By combining both technologies, we can develop an extremely effective environmental improvement technology. Based on this background, a Special Issue of the journal Energies on plasma processes for renewable energy technologies is planned. On the issue, we focus on environment plasma technologies that can effectively utilize renewable electric energy sources, such as photovoltaic power generation, biofuel power generation, wind turbine power generation, etc. However, any latest research results on plasma environmental improvement processes are welcome for submission. We are looking, among others, for papers on the following technical subjects in which either plasma can use renewable energy sources or can be used for renewable energy technologies: Plasma decomposition technology of harmful gases, such as the plasma denitrification method; Plasma removal technology of harmful particles, such as electrostatic precipitation; Plasma decomposition technology of harmful substances in liquid, such as gas–liquid interfacial plasma; Plasma-enhanced flow induction and heat transfer enhancement technologies, such as ionic wind device and plasma actuator; Plasma-enhanced combustion and fuel reforming; Other environment plasma technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; wet scrubber ; thermal switch ; n/a ; blade-barrier electrode ; NOx reduction ; woodceramics ; syngas ; re-entrainment phenomena ; agglomeration ; two-stage AC-AC converter ; low-resistivity particle ; PFC ; sodium sulfide ; NOx ; energy efficiency ; marine diesel engine ; combustor ; semiconductor manufacturing ; corona discharge ; thermal arc plasma ; nonthermal plasma ; ignition ; input-parallel and output-series connected inverter ; thermal management ; gas turbine ; ionic wind ; waste cooking oil ; diesel engine ; nanoparticle ; plasma generator ; waste heat ; high-frequency DC-AC inverter ; electrostatic precipitator ; water vapor ; gasification ; ion-induced nucleation ; aftertreatment ; plasma ; collection efficiency ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 45
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; n/a ; hemicellulose ; catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reactions ; furfural ; ZSM-5 ; syngas ; renewable aromatics ; Diels–Alder ; lignin ; hydroisomerization ; levulinic acid ; bio-oil upgrade ; metal ferrites ; aromatic ethers ; hierarchical zeolites ; Chilean natural zeolites ; bioethanol ; renewable p-xylene ; desilication ; dimethylfuran ; GC/MS characterization ; biomass ; H-donor molecules ; heterogeneous catalysis ; polyols ; Brønsted acids sites ; spinels ; solketal ; glycerol ; chemical-loop reforming ; zeolite ; cellulose ; insulating oils ; hydrogenolysis ; lignocellulosic biomasses ; bio-insulating oil ; glycidol ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Phages have shown a high biotechnological potential with numerous applications. The advent of high-resolution microscopy techniques aligned with omic and molecular tools have revealed innovative phage features and enabled new processes that can be further exploited for biotechnological applications in a wide variety of fields. The high-quality original articles and reviews presented in this Special Issue demonstrate the incredible potential of phages and their derived proteins in a wide range of biotechnological applications for human benefit. Considering the emergence of amazing new available bioengineering tools and the high abundance of phages and the multitude of phage proteins yet to be discovered and studied, we believe that the upcoming years will present us with many more fascinating and new previously unimagined phage-based biotechnological applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; toxicity ; encapsulation ; n/a ; cancerous tumors ; bacteriophage-derived lytic enzyme ; native gel electrophoresis ; bacteriophages ; Cpl-1 ; O-antigen ; ESKAPE ; Clostridium perfringens ; X-ray crystallography ; macromolecular interactions ; safety ; biofilm ; major coat protein ; Streptococcus agalactiae ; Staphylococcus aureus ; tail sheath protein ; magnetic separation ; serotyping ; pathogenic viruses ; liposomes ; tuberculosis ; Listeria monocytogenes ; nanotubular structures ; alpha-sheet ; biosensors ; sarcoidosis ; tailspike proteins ; M13 bacteriophage ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; gene expression regulation ; bacteriophage recombination ; self-assembly ; phage therapy ; R-type pyocin ; contractile injection systems ; bacteriophage vB_EcoM_FV3 ; microtiter plate assay ; Enterococcus faecalis ; culture enrichment ; drug delivery vehicles ; neurodegenerative disease ; landscape phage ; niosomes ; bacteriophage ; Myoviridae ; bacteriophage evolution ; porous structure ; phage-host interaction ; phage display ; immune response ; antibiotic resistance ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; bacteriocin ; Appelmans ; fluorescence sensor ; molecular probe ; nanomedicine ; Shigella flexneri ; reporter phage ; filters ; in vitro activity ; capsid dynamics ; immunoscreening ; diagnostics ; microarray ; receptor-binding protein ; endolysin ; enzybiotics ; transfersomes ; T7phage library ; Pal ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 47
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book celebrates the life, work and influence of Professor Roger W.H. Sargent of Imperial College London. It does so through a range of original contributions that span the wide academic and industry interests of Professor Sargent. Roger Sargent passed away in late 2018, but his legacy lives on through his enormous academic tree, which traces to the early 1960s. That huge body of work has also had significant impacts on industrial practices. Roger was regarded as “the father of Process Systems Engineering (PSE)”. This area of Chemical Engineering continues to influence the modelling, design, control, optimization and integrated performance of industrial and related processes. This book highlights some of those impacts and the ongoing importance of PSE in helping to solve some of the grand challenges of our time.
    Keywords: input-output model ; fuzzy optimization ; process synthesis ; preliminary stage design ; process systems engineering ; energy systems engineering ; process design ; optimization ; nonlinear programming ; process monitoring ; nonlinear principal component analysis ; parallel neural networks ; autoassociative neural network ; big data ; process scheduling ; process system engineering ; mixed-integer programming ; scheduling ; process control ; integration ; distribution ; planning ; oil supply chain ; robust optimization ; uncertainty ; bio-jet diesel ; co-hydrotreating ; hydrodesulphurisation ; hydrodeoxigenation ; reactive distillation ; coproduction ; Lurgi syngas ; cryogenic separation ; methanol synthesis ; LNG ; symmetry ; quadratic optimization ; quadratically-constrained quadratic optimization ; process modeling ; mathematical programming ; MINLP ; generalized disjunctive programming ; design ; higher education ; curricula ; visualization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The dynamic development of global industry and growing demand for new material technologies generate constantly increasing problems regarding premature material degradation and the requirement to determine corrosion mechanisms and to develop new protection/evaluation approaches. Corrosion resistance depends on numerous determinants, such as material structure, chemistry, and complex environmental factors. It is highly challenging to obtain consensus between high corrosion resistance and an economic approach. On the other hand, inadequate levels of corrosion control create serious hazards to life and the environment. This Special Issue, “Recent Advances in Corrosion Science”, brings together fourteen articles and one review, providing a snapshot of the recent activity and development in this field. The book contains studies related to the development of new corrosion-resistant alloys and the determination of microstructure-dependent properties; it also provides an insight into recent approaches towards anticorrosion technologies, such as corrosion inhibitors and composite and metal protective coatings.
    Keywords: corrosion inhibitor ; electrochemical ; AFM ; CO2 corrosion ; austempered gray cast iron ; austempering temperature ; microstructure ; potentiodynamic polarization ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; titanium-based alloys ; passivity breakdown ; pitting corrosion ; carbon steel ; indazole derivatives ; electrochemistry ; DFT ; thermal diffusion coatings ; grade 10.9 bolts ; corrosion resistance ; thermal deformation parameters ; 35CrMoV steel ; grain size ; electrochemical corrosion ; aluminum alloys ; phase characterization ; de-alloying ; titanium aluminides ; oxidation ; non-isothermal ; mechanism ; internal oxidation ; pre-corrosion pits ; residual fatigue life ; 42CrMo steel ; stress intensity factor ; aluminum alloy ; alkaline environment ; impedance analysis ; adsorption ; dihydroxybenzene ; magnesium ; immersion test ; polarization ; cleaning ; bond coat ; PDC coatings ; fillers ; EC-AFM ; corrosion ; metallic materials ; metal coatings ; nickel ; composite coatings ; electrodeposition ; XPS ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ; boron-doped diamond ; high-temperature treatment ; surface oxidation ; microstructure defects ; electrochemical activity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nano/micro-size particles are widely applied in various fields. Among the various particles, silver particles are considered among the most prominent nanomaterials in the biomedical and industrial sectors because of their favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Thus, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate their properties and utilize them in various applications, such as diagnostics, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics, and optoelectronics. The properties of silver particles are strongly influenced by their size, morphological shape, and surface characteristics, which can be modified by diverse synthetic methods, reducing agents, and stabilizers. This Special Issue provides a range of original contributions detailing the synthesis, modification, properties, and applications of silver materials. Nine outstanding papers describing examples of the most recent advances in silver nano/microparticles are included. Silver nano/micro-size particles have many potential advantages as next-generation materials in various areas, including nanomedicine. This Special Issue might be helpful to understand the value of silver particles in the biomedical and industrial fields
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; membrane ; bacteria ; cyclodextrin ; silver nanomaterial ; drug delivery ; transparent conductive film ; cytocompatibility ; surface free energy ; administration route ; sericin ; biosensor ; uptake ; substrate modification ; silver ion ; AgNPs ; mechanical properties ; cell culture ; titanium alloy ; Au–Ag alloy ; silver shell ; moderate sintering ; wound dressing ; polymer nanocomposite ; DNA damage ; surface morphology ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; flexible and printed electronics ; plants ; reactive oxygen species ; mechanism ; optoelectronics ; cytotoxicity ; photonic sintering ; synthesis ; silver nanoparticle ; doxorubicin (DOX) ; food packaging ; SERS detection ; nanomedicine ; antimicrobial activity ; nanogaps ; TNFR1 ; silica template ; silver ions release ; diagnostics ; phytotoxicity ; polydopamine ; silver nanoparticles ; tumor necrosis factor ; protective agent ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 50
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: The use of social media in public health education/promotion has been increasing due, in part, to its ability to remove physical access and geographical barriers for users. Specifically, social media provides an outlet to increase and promote translational health communication strategies and the effective dissemination of health information and data in ways that allow users to not only utilize, but also to create and share pertinent health information. Although social media applications in public health and health promotion have yielded success in terms of generating support structures and networks for effective health behavior change, there are challenges and complications associated with use of social media that also need to be addressed (e.g., managing misinformation, ensuring compliance with privacy protection regulations). This Special Issue aims to explore social media as a translational health promotion tool by bridging principles of health education and health communication. Broadly, this Special Issue is seeking original submissions that examine: (1) the method with which social media users access, negotiate, and create health information that is both actionable and impactful for diverse audiences; (2) strategies for overcoming challenges to using social media in health promotion; and (3) best practices for designing, implementing, and/or evaluating social media campaigns and forums in public health. Special interest will be given to innovative submissions that expand and build upon traditional health education approaches with health communication theories and models. Other manuscript types of interest include relevant position papers, brief reports, and commentaries.
    Keywords: social media-based health management systems ; theory of planned behavior ; openness to new experience ; sustained health engagement ; physical literacy ; activity ; social media ; online resource ; Internet ; HONcode ; YouTube ; COPD ; Facebook ; online community ; self-management ; social support ; healthy consumption ; purchase intention ; trust ; emotional support ; expectation confirmation ; privacy concern ; consumer health informatics ; natural language processing (NLP) ; online support groups ; autism ; micro-video ; Provincial Health Committee ; healthcare ; Tik Tok ; China ; online social support ; social identity ; communication theory of identity ; rural health ; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; excessive drinking ; Twitter ; natural language processing ; American Communities Project ; health education ; health promotion ; ethics ; wearable technology ; drive for thinness ; health-oriented websites ; neuroticism ; web content internalization ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: In response to the demanding requirements of different sectors, such as construction, transportation, energy, manufacturing, and mining, new generations of microalloyed steels are being developed and brought to market. The addition of microalloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium, titanium, boron, and/or molybdenum, has become a key tool in the steel industry to reach economically-viable grades with increasingly higher mechanical strength, toughness, good formability, and weldable products. The challenges that microalloying steel production faces can be solved with a deeper understanding of the effects that these microalloying additions and combinations of them have during the different steps of the steelmaking process.
    Keywords: niobium microalloyed steel ; as-cast condition ; inclusion ; rare earth elements ; precipitation. ; steel ; thermomechanical processing ; microstructure characterisation ; mechanical properties ; molybdenum ; martensitic steel ; direct quenching ; microalloying ; hardenability ; toughness ; grain refinement ; Hall–Petch coefficient ; microalloy precipitates ; hydrogen embrittlement ; Ti-Mo steel ; hot deformation ; constitutive model ; microstructural evolution ; microalloyed steels ; processing ; microstructural and chemical composition ; micro-alloyed steels ; precipitations ; Zener pinning ; atomic force microscopy (AFM) ; precipitation-microstructure correlation ; EBSD ; reconstruction methods ; continuous casting ; energy absorption ; mechanical metallurgy ; niobium ; reheat process ; thermo-mechanical controlled processing ; plate rolling ; strengthening ; precipitation ; induction ; titanium ; advanced high strength steels ; HSLA steels ; precipitation strengthening ; tempering ; bainitic ferrite ; austenite-to-ferrite transformation ; hot-torsion test ; coiling simulation ; medium-carbon steel ; strength and toughness ; austenite ; abnormal grain growth ; cold-deformation ; precipitate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 52
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Financial econometrics has developed into a very fruitful and vibrant research area in the last two decades. The availability of good data promotes research in this area, specially aided by online data and high-frequency data. These two characteristics of financial data also create challenges for researchers that are different from classical macro-econometric and micro-econometric problems. This Special Issue is dedicated to research topics that are relevant for analyzing financial data. We have gathered six articles under this theme.
    Keywords: HB1-3840 ; tuning parameter choice ; Markov process ; model averaging ; n/a ; steady state distributions ; realized volatility ; threshold ; risk prices ; threshold auto-regression ; bond risk premia ; linear programming estimator ; volatility forecasting ; Bayesian inference ; asset price bubbles ; stationarity ; deviance information criterion ; model selection ; probability integral transform ; forecast comparisons ; Markov-Chain Monte Carlo ; explosive regimes ; multivariate nonlinear time series ; Tukey’s power transformation ; affine term structure models ; Mallows criterion ; nonlinear nonnegative autoregression ; TVAR models ; stochastic conditional duration ; shrinkage
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Adequate quality of life and well-being of modern societies is only achievable with sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste, and avoid the use of hazardous materials. All this is hardly conceivable without catalysis. In a world concerned with the exploitation of natural resources, catalysis can offer direct synthesis routes that maximize resource efficiency. The Iberoamerican society is far too significant and far too involved in global development, owing to its natural richness of resources, not to have an essential role in current developments and future directions. Catalysis, in the Iberoamerican academic and industrial communities, is recognized as a relevant scientific discipline that supports several strategic industrial sectors through the manufacturing of products and materials, and the operationalization of processes to produce energy and other utilities. As a reflection of this, once every two years the Iberoamerican Congress on Catalysis takes place to share and discuss the state-of-the-art of this discipline with the Federation of Iberoamerican Catalysis Societies. This book collected sixteen outstanding contributions, stemming from this exceptional event—one which will undoubtedly mark a turning point and could be a source of inspiration to all those involved in catalysis, particularly the young generation of competent researchers taking their first steps in this incredibly complex and beautiful discipline.
    Keywords: hydrodeoxygenation ; fast-pyrolysis bio-oil ; nickel catalyst ; upgrading ; peptide bond ; phthalonitriles ; phthalocyanines ; aminocarbonylation ; palladium catalysts ; castor oil ; biofuel ; selective transesterification ; ecodiesel ; biodiesel ; diesel engine ; electricity generator ; smoke opacity ; Bacharach opacity ; aldol condensation ; biomass valorization ; Mg/Al mixed oxides ; surfactant ; microwaves ; influence of water ; FAEEs ; mixed biocatalysts ; lipases ; microalgae ; silver nanoparticles ; zirconia ; hydrocarbons ; diesel soot ; catalytic combustion ; boronic esters ; borylation ; Suzuki–Miyaura ; layered double hydroxides ; copper ; palladium ; Fe/Nb2O5 immobilized catalyst ; emerging pollutants ; degradation ; hydrodesulfurization ; CoMo/Al2O3 ; basic additive ; lanthanum ; MCM-41 ; cerium ; benzyl alcohol ; oxidation ; benzaldehyde ; etherification ; glycerol ; tert-butyl alcohol ; dibutyl ether ; A-15 ; catalyst stability ; Cobalt ferrite ; ethylesters ; biofuels ; hydrotalcite ; transesterification ; fast pyrolysis ; SAPO-5 ; Al-MCM-41 ; dodecanoic acid ; photocatalysis ; Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides ; coprecipitation ; chlorophenols ; mixed oxides ; elimination ; phenol ; Al2O3-TiO2 ; CoMo ; CoMoS ; MoS2 ; desulfurization ; chemisorption ; MPI silica ; Ag nanoparticles ; XPS assessment ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a highly polymorphic and diverse multigene locus in all jawed vertebrate species that has an integral role in adaptive/innate immune systems, transplantation, and infectious and autoimmune diseases. The MHC supra-locus in mammalian vertebrates is usually partitioned into three distinct regions, known as classes I, II, and III, which, to varying extents, can be found conserved in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates, such as bony fish, amphibians, and bird lineages. The MHC gene region is characterized particularly by the expression of class I and class II glycoproteins that bind peptides derived from intracellular or extracellular antigens to circulating T-cells. While this expressed antigenic specificity remains the predominant interest with respect to MHC function and polymorphism in a population, a broader concept has emerged that examines the MHC as a multifunctional polymorphic controller that facilitates and regulates genome diversity with a much greater array of functions and effects than just MHC-restricted antigen recognition. This volume of 19 reprints presented by various experts and collected from the Special Issue of Cells on “MHC in Health and Disease” covers a broad range of topics on the genomic diversity of the MHC regulatory system in various vertebrate species, including MHC class I, II, and III genes; innate and adaptive immunity; neurology; transplantation; haplotypes; infectious and autoimmune diseases; fecundity; conservation; allelic lineages; and evolution. Taken together, these articles demonstrate the immense complexity and diversity of the MHC structure and function within and between different vertebrate species.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; HCP5 ; n/a ; camels ; MHC ; STK19 ; major histocompatibility complex ; human papillomavirus (HPV) ; T-cell receptor ; T1DGC ; bottleneck ; micro-mini-pigs ; life history ; computational analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; phase ; Bactrian camel ; NSDK ; melanoma ; antigen ; autoimmune disease ; RD ; selection ; disease resistance ; autoimmunity ; ancestral haplotype ; Ski complex ; DXO ; high-throughput sequencing ; conservation genetics ; SVA ; lncRNA ; ankylosing spondylitis ; MHC genes ; viral peptides ; competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) ; astrogliosis ; birds ; long-fragment super haplotype ; SNP ; RLR ; HLA polymorphism ; 5??3? RNA decay ; expression ; 3??5? mRNA turnover ; orthology ; long-read sequencing ; disease association ; dromedary ; polyomavirus ; MHC-II-associated sperm-egg recognition ; experimental medicine ; single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ; fish ; SKIV2L ; production trait ; molecular dynamics simulation ; Macaca fascicularis ; human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) ; concerted evolution ; polymorphism ; Old World camels ; MHC polymorphism ; protocol ; nonclassical ; gene duplication ; microglial reaction ; human leukocyte antigen-E ; SKI2W ; quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies ; antiviral immunity ; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; founder effect ; giant panda ; domain movements ; BK virus ; promoter-proximal transcriptional pause ; type 1 diabetes (T1D) ; RP1 ; miR1236 ; KIR ; synaptic covering ; swine leukocyte antigen ; cynomolgus macaque ; HLA ; kidney transplantation ; ?2m knockout mice ; DOM3Z ; interferon ? ; ethnic populations in China ; ecology ; KIR–HLA pairs ; exosomes ; major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ; MHC-I-based mother-fetus recognition ; RNA quality control ; autoimmune diseases ; NELF-E ; haplotype ; genetic drift ; evolution ; nonhuman primate models ; HLA-B27 ; PNS/CNS interface ; risk genes ; pedigree ; MHC-I- and MHC-II-dependent inter-individual recognition ; regulation ; crested ibis ; reproductive performance ; nephropathy ; cancer ; nuclear kinase ; trichohepatoenteric syndrome ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Nanotechnologies leverage different hierarchical levels of novel technological applications by introducing molecular functionalities into the macroworld. A novel set of applications emerges by integrating photons and quantum information with the nanoworld. The current Special Issue “Dynamics and Applications of Photon Nanostructured Systems” is shaped by innovative ideas with strong, interdisciplinary, fundamental, theoretical, and applied characteristics, and the content covers a wide range of thematic areas in physics, chemistry and engineering. The book comprises twelve original studies and three review articles addressing novel nanodevices, functionalities, nanothermodynamics, chaos, non-linear dynamics, nanoresonators and applications based on photonic nanostructured devices and photon–nanomaterial interactions.
    Keywords: nanomechanical resonator ; superconducting resonator ; wave function ; unitary transformation ; Hamiltonian ; probability density ; adiabatic condition ; quantum solution ; nanohole ; microsphere ; subwavelength-scale light focusing ; high-responsivity ; ultraviolet photodetectors ; nano-scale fin isolation ; wide-band gap semiconductors ; ZnO nanorods ; two-dimensional electron gas ; visible-blind ; whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) ; sensor ; water-immersion-objective (WIO) ; microdisk ; laser ; inorganic boron-based nanostructures ; boron monoelement nanowire and nanotube ; borophene ; rare-earth boride (REB6) ; optoelectronic properties ; guided mode resonance ; figure of merit ; biosensor ; detection limits ; transition metal ; surface plasmon ; nanoparticle ; nanophotonics ; hydrogen storage ; sensing ; nuclear fusion ; energy device ; microdisk laser ; spectral modulation ; optofluidic ; coupled microdisk ; nanostructures ; optical pillar gratings ; photonic crystals ; two-photon lithography ; direct laser writing ; laser induced subwavelength ripples ; surface plasmon polaritons ; coulomb explosion ; stainless steel ; photonic nanoscience ; nanotechnology ; porous Si-SiO2 ; UV filters ; responsivity ; photodetectors ; interface/interface engineering ; charge carriers ; nanowire ; nanolaser ; metal grating ; nanocavities ; non-thermal equilibrium ; water ; entropy ; nanothermodynamics ; nanoindentation ; AFM ; electric dipole interactions ; VUV irradiation ; random walk ; EUV lithography ; chemically amplified resists ; inorganic resists ; main chain scission resists ; electron-induced chemistry ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue presents selected papers from the 8th
    Keywords: T1-995 ; n/a ; flexible electronic device ; microfluidic channels ; stretchable electronic substrate ; glyoxylic acid Cu complex ; flexible device ; implant ; laser direct writing ; surface mounting ; surface plasmon resonance ; skeletal muscle ; medical device ; functional surface ; liquid metal ; engineered muscle ; myoblast ; adipose tissue ; kirigami structure ; biocompatible ; mechanical metamaterials ; connector ; micro-PIV ; contact resistance ; adipocyte ; magneto-impedance sensor ; acoustofluidics ; three-dimensional cell culture ; microfluidics ; core-shell hydrogel fiber ; nondestructive inspection ; vibration-induced flow ; nanoscale structure ; nano/microparticle separation ; logarithmic amplifier ; femtosecond laser ; near-infrared ; tactile display ; spectroscopy ; micro-pillar ; numerical analysis ; microscale thermophoresis ; condensation ; wettability ; 4D printing ; artificial kidney ; electrical impedance measurement ; lipid droplet ; high frequency ; blood coagulation ; micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) technologies ; biofabrication ; thermal sensation ; cyclic stretch ; molecular dynamics ; Cu micropattern ; thin-film ; grating ; Si ; multiphase flow ; artificial blood vessel ; lipolysis ; thermal conductivity ; reduction ; contact pressure ; 3D printing ; 3T3-L1 ; thermal tactile display ; Schottky barrier ; stimuli-responsive hydrogel ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue comprises 9 research papers on the application of microwaves in chemical engineering, covering the basic research into the optimization design of microwave reaction equipment as well as methods to improve microwave heating uniformity. Also included are the practical application of microwave-assisted processing in chemical engineering in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine and essential oils from plant materials; the treatment of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer waste; and the drying treatment of drill cuttings and Zhaotong lignite. These 9 papers together represent unique and valuable references in the research of microwave technology.
    Keywords: microwave heating ; biodiesel ; oleic acid ; coupling ; multiphysics calculation ; Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ; microwave-assisted extraction ; response surface methodology ; yield and composition of essential oils ; uniformity analysis ; electric discharge analysis ; Aurantii fructus ; antioxidant flavonoids ; ultrasonic-assisted extraction ; criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method ; red vine leaves ; polyphenols ; microwaves ; ultrasonic waves ; pulsed electric fields ; laboratory robot ; extraction ; lignite ; microwave drying kinetics ; hot-air drying kinetics ; effective diffusion coefficient ; apparent activation energy ; applicator design ; electromagnetic simulation ; coaxial feeding ; drill cuttings ; drying ; energy ; microwave ; conveyor belt ; CFRP ; recycling ; carbon fibers ; thermolysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 58
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Today, the food and water that we encounter in any part of the world could contain antibiotic residues and/or antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This book presents research evidence for this and also a potential way to mitigate the problem. Although not presented in this book, it is likely that this situation exists for all other types of antimicrobial agents as well, including antivirals, antifungals, and antiprotozoal agents. The presence of antibiotic residues and/or antibiotic-resistant bacteria contributes to the generation and propagation of resistance in disease-causing pathogens in humans and animals. Therefore, the medicines that we use to treat and/or prevent infections will not work as expected in many cases. It is estimated that if we do not contain antimicrobial resistance urgently, by 2050, up to 10 million people will die due to bacterial infectious diseases, such as pneumonia, skin infections, urinary tract infections, etc., which were once easily treatable. However, this book presents a system that can eliminate resistant bacteria and antibiotics from the environment, with the potential to work on other environmental microbes and antimicrobials. This book opens pathways for academics and scientists to do further research on antimicrobials and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in various environmental areas and also presents evidence for policymakers to take further action and make the general public aware of the current situation in this context.
    Keywords: antibiotic resistance ; community ; environment ; India ; coliforms ; commensal ; antibiotic resistance genes ; blaCTX-M ; blaTEM ; qepA ; hospital wastewater ; core-shell ; disinfection ; Escherichia coli ; nanoparticles ; pathogens ; silver ; solar-photocatalysis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; water ; zinc oxide ; S. aureus ; beaches ; multiple-antibiotic resistance ; ramA ; efflux pump ; multilocus sequence typing ; surface water ; antibiotics ; pakchoi ; endophytic bacteria ; antibiotic-resistant genes ; hydroponic cultivation ; Campylobacter ; poultry ; antibiotic susceptibility ; Rep-PCR ; cdt toxin ; Acinetobacter ; JDS3 ; river ; carbapenemases ; antimicrobial resistance ; genotypes ; non-typhoidal Salmonella ; genes ; integrons ; subtyping ; ESBL ; MRSA ; VRE ; sewage sludge ; PER-1 ; pathogenic E. coli ; harvested rainwater ; public health ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; alternative water source ; farmer ; veterinary antibiotics use ; knowledge ; behavior probability model ; China ; antibiotics residue ; food animals ; bacteria ; Nigeria ; E. coli ; antibiotic-resistance gene ; MARI ; MARP ; multidrug resistance ; flooring design ; Turkey ; antibacterial resistance ; enrofloxacin ; commensal E. coli ; ESBL-producing E. coli ; β-lactamase genes ; insertion sequences ; antibiotic residues ; aquatic environment ; ciprofloxacin ; Fe-doped ZnO nanoparticles ; photocatalysis ; sunlight ; ceragenin ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; biofilm ; antimicrobial peptides ; colistin ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Several promising techniques have been developed to overcome the poor solubility and/or membrane permeability properties of new drug candidates, including different fiber formation methods. Electrospinning is one of the most commonly used spinning techniques for fiber formation, induced by the high voltage applied to the drug-loaded solution. With modifying the characteristics of the solution and the spinning parameters, the functionality-related properties of the formulated fibers can be finely tuned. The fiber properties (i.e., high specific surface area, porosity, and the possibility of controlling the crystalline–amorphous phase transitions of the loaded drugs) enable the improved rate and extent of solubility, causing a rapid onset of absorption. However, the enhanced molecular mobility of the amorphous drugs embedded into the fibers is also responsible for their physical–chemical instability. This Special Issue will address new developments in the area of electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery and wound healing applications, covering recent advantages and future directions in electrospun fiber formulations and scalability. Moreover, it serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress in electrospinning techniques, with particular attention to the industrial feasibility of developing pharmaceutical dosage forms. All aspects of small molecule or biologics-loaded fibrous dosage forms, focusing on the processability, structures and functions, and stability issues, are included.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; antibacterial activity ; piroxicam ; n/a ; tissue engineering ; biotechnology ; polydextrose ; solvent casting ; antibacterial ; drug delivery ; diabetic ; pectin ; nanotechnology ; nanocomposite ; hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ; poorly water-soluble drug ; artificial red blood cells ; oral dosage form ; Lactobacillus ; scanning electron microscopy ; wound healing ; UV imaging ; wetting ; biocompatibility ; scale-up ; polylactide-co-polycaprolactone ; nanofibers ; growth factor ; drug release kinetics ; hydrogel ; differential scanning calorimetry ; bacterial bioreporters ; physical solid-state properties ; PCL ; coaxial spinning ; drug delivery system ; haemanthamine ; probiotics ; amphiphilic nanofibers ; wound dressings ; grinding ; scanning white light interferometry ; biopharmaceuticals ; clove essential oil ; viability ; plant-origin alkaloid ; oligochitosan ; local delivery ; electrospinning ; Lactococcus ; self-assembled liposomes ; microcapsules ; microfibers ; nanofiber ; in situ drug release ; biomedical ; core-sheath nanofibers ; processability ; polymeric carrier ; aceclofenac ; drying ; gentamicin sulfate ; traditional electrospinning ; electrospinning and electrospray ; fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; drug release ; gelatin ; ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning ; 3D printing ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is devoted to the application of fractional calculus in economics to describe processes with memory and non-locality. Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties of differential and integral operators that are characterized by real or complex orders. Fractional calculus methods are powerful tools for describing the processes and systems with memory and nonlocality. Recently, fractional integro-differential equations have been used to describe a wide class of economical processes with power law memory and spatial nonlocality. Generalizations of basic economic concepts and notions the economic processes with memory were proposed. New mathematical models with continuous time are proposed to describe economic dynamics with long memory. This book is a collection of articles reflecting the latest mathematical and conceptual developments in mathematical economics with memory and non-locality based on applications of fractional calculus.
    Keywords: mathematical economics ; economic theory ; fractional calculus ; fractional dynamics ; long memory ; non-locality ; fractional generalization ; econometric modelling ; identification ; Phillips curve ; Mittag-Leffler function ; generalized fractional derivatives ; growth equation ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Caputo fractional derivative ; economic growth model ; least squares method ; fractional diffusion equation ; fundamental solution ; option pricing ; risk sensitivities ; portfolio hedging ; business cycle model ; stability ; time delay ; time-fractional-order ; Hopf bifurcation ; Einstein’s evolution equation ; Kolmogorov–Feller equation ; diffusion equation ; self-affine stochastic fields ; random market hypothesis ; efficient market hypothesis ; fractal market hypothesis ; financial time series analysis ; evolutionary computing ; modelling ; economic growth ; prediction ; Group of Twenty ; pseudo-phase space ; economy ; system modeling ; deep assessment ; least squares ; modeling ; GDP per capita ; LSTM ; econophysics ; continuous-time random walk (CTRW) ; Mittag–Leffler functions ; Laplace transform ; Fourier transform ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The standard approach to cognitive development most frequently consists of cross-sectional studies comparing different ages and groups while restricted to a single task. The necessity to focus on the individual in an idiographic perspective, rather than on the task or the variable, has been repeatedly emphasized, most recently in several very important papers by Nesselroade and Molenaar. Variability has also emerged as a crucial characteristic. Moreover, understanding the developmental construction of a given cognitive achievement is imperative to understanding cognitive functioning in adulthood. The general objective of this book is to focus on the individual by studying intraindividual and interindividual variability in various cognitive tasks, that is, intraindividual variability across items of a given task (inconsistency), across various cognitive tasks (dispersion), and/or across years (intraindividual change), and of course, on interindividual differences in intraindividual variability. This book presents empirical studies that have been conducted by research groups in Europe and in North America, prominent in the field of variability and development or methodology. The 26 authors/co-authors include senior authors such as Lautrey, Schmiedek, Dauvier, van der Maas, Ghisletta, Stawski, MacDonald, and de Ribaupierre.
    Keywords: B1-5802 ; n/a ; neuropsychological assessment ; Alzheimer’s Disease ; life-span ; mathematics ; cognitive heterogeneity ; prepotent response inhibition ; reasoning ; Raven’s Progressive Matrices ; computerized adaptive practicing ; working memory updating ; Go/NoGo SART task ; allocation of study time ; micro-longitudinal design ; variability ; functional adaptability ; cognitive aging ; spatial precision ; longitudinal method ; number ; working memory ; autoregressive parameter ; numerical cognition ; idiographic approach ; hierarchical modeling ; intraindividual variation ; ambulatory assessment ; intra-individual variability ; functional diversity ; prospective memory ; amplitude of fluctuations ; cognitive development ; reaction time ; cognitive impairment ; mild cognitive impairment ; random process fluctuation ; intraindividual variability ; dispersion ; individual differences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Beer is a beverage with more than 8000 years of history, and the process of brewing has not changed much over the centuries. However, important technical advances have allowed us to produce beer in a more sophisticated and efficient way. The proliferation of specialty hop varieties has been behind the popularity of craft beers seen in the past few years around the world. Craft brewers interpret historic beer with unique styles. Craft beers are undergoing an unprecedented period of growth, and more than 150 beer styles are currently recognized. This Special Issue, Brewing and Craft Beer, comprises nine different works by researchers from five continents (North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and Oceania). This Special Issue reflects thus a broad perspective on the most important questions that concern the researchers in different parts of the world.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; polyphenols ; n/a ; nutrient ; audible sound ; wet milling ; brewing technology ; robotics ; fast-screening ; lactose ; image analysis ; bottle refermentation ; beer aging ; sensory attributes ; brewing ; automation ; bitterness ; stout beer ; beer ; craft beer ; foamability ; Safrari ; adjuncts ; fermentation rate ; barley milling ; preference ; germ ; beer wort ; machine learning ; carbonation ; quality ; FAN ; granulometry ; sensory evaluation ; coffee ; beer acceptability ; computer vision ; fermentation ; economic contribution analysis ; short-chain fatty acids ; local value chain ; AEDA ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 63
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Remote image capture systems are a key element in efficient and sustainable agriculture nowadays. They are increasingly being used to obtain information of interest from the crops, the soil and the environment. It includes different types of capturing devices: from satellites and drones, to in-field devices; different types of spectral information, from visible RGB images, to multispectral images; different types of applications; and different types of techniques in the areas of image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition and machine learning. This book covers all these aspects, through a series of chapters that describe specific recent applications of these techniques in interesting problems of agricultural engineering.
    Keywords: SVM ; budding rate ; UAV ; geometric consistency ; radiometric consistency ; point clouds ; ICP ; reflectance maps ; vegetation indices ; Parrot Sequoia ; artificial intelligence ; precision agriculture ; agricultural robot ; optimization algorithm ; online operation ; segmentation ; coffee leaf rust ; machine learning ; deep learning ; remote sensing ; Fourth Industrial Revolution ; Agriculture 4.0 ; failure strain ; sandstone ; digital image correlation ; Hill–Tsai failure criterion ; finite element method ; reference evapotranspiration ; moisture sensors ; machine learning regression ; frequency-domain reflectometry ; randomizable filtered classifier ; convolutional neural network ; U-Net ; land use ; banana plantation ; Panama TR4 ; aerial photography ; remote images ; systematic mapping study ; agriculture ; applications ; total leaf area ; mixed pixels ; Cabernet Sauvignon ; NDVI ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ; precision viticulture ; 3D model ; spatial vision ; fertirrigation ; teaching–learning ; spectrometry ; Sentinel-2 ; pasture quality index ; normalized difference vegetation index ; normalized difference water index ; supplementation ; decision making ; digital agriculture ; grape yield estimate ; berries counting ; Dilated CNN ; machine learning algorithms ; classification performance ; winter wheat mapping ; large-scale ; water stress ; Prunus avium L. ; stem water potential ; low-cost thermography ; thermal indexes ; canopy temperature ; non-water-stressed baselines ; non-transpiration baseline ; soil moisture ; andosols ; image processing ; greenhouse ; automatic tomato harvesting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 64
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; n/a ; regeneration ; posttranslational modification ; H2O2 ; chilling stress ; thioredoxin reductase ; X-ray crystallography ; photosynthesis ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; protein ; monodehydroascorbate reductase ; methionine sulfoxide ; cysteine reactivity ; symbiosis ; plant ; MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ; thioredoxins ; redox homeostasis ; methionine sulfoxide reductases ; redox ; redox signalling ; chloroplast ; protein-protein recognition ; cyanobacteria ; specificity ; wheat ; methanoarchaea ; stress ; redox regulation ; dough rheology ; methionine sulfoxide reductase ; electrostatic surface ; Calvin cycle ; ALAD ; metazoan ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; baking ; cold temperature ; macromolecular crystallography ; protein oxidation ; function ; methionine oxidation ; development ; iron–sulfur cluster ; tetrapyrrole biosynthesis ; legume plant ; glutathionylation ; Calvin-Benson cycle ; adult stem cells ; carbon fixation ; plastidial ; methionine ; redox active site ; ROS ; water stress ; NADPH ; repair ; physiological function ; signaling ; thioredoxin ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; glutaredoxin ; flavin ; Isocitrate dehydrogenase ; thiol redox network ; ageing ; disulfide ; mitochondria ; chlorophyll ; proteomic ; cysteine alkylation ; ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase ; SAXS ; regulation ; oxidized protein repair ; ascorbate ; redox control ; nitrosylation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelectrode arrays are utilized in different microfluidic biosensing modalities, where a higher sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection are desired. Carbon nanotube microelectrode arrays are used for DNA detection, multi-electrode array chips are used for drug discovery, and there has been an explosion of research into brain–machine interfaces, fueled by microfabricated electrode arrays, both planar and three-dimensional. The advantages associated with microelectrode arrays include small size, the ability to manufacture repeatedly and reliably tens to thousands of micro-electrodes on both rigid and flexible substrates, and their utility for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To realize their full potential, there is a need to develop and integrate microelectrode arrays to form useful medical device systems. As the field of microelectrode array research is wide, and touches many application areas, it is often difficult to locate a single source of relevant information. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles, that focus on the application of microelectrode arrays in the medical device sector. Particular interest will be paid to innovative application areas that can improve existing medical devices, such as for neuromodulation and real world lab-on-a-chip applications.
    Keywords: electrothermal ; microelectrode ; microfluidics ; micromixing ; micropump ; alternating current (AC) electrokinetics ; bisphenol A ; self-assembly ; biosensor ; flexible electrode ; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ; pyramid array micro-structures ; low contact impedance ; multimodal laser micromachining ; ablation characteristics ; shadow mask ; interdigitated electrodes ; soft sensors ; liquid metal ; fabrication ; principle ; arrays ; application ; induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon ; ego-dielectrophoresis ; mobile electrode ; Janus microsphere ; continuous biomolecule collection ; electroconvection ; microelectrode array (MEA) ; ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) ; indium tin oxide (ITO) ; titanium nitride (TiN) ; neurons ; transparent ; islets of Langerhans ; insulin secretion ; glucose stimulated insulin response ; electrochemical transduction ; intracortical microelectrode arrays ; shape memory polymer ; softening ; robust ; brain tissue oxygen ; in vivo monitoring ; multi-site clinical depth electrode ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) has recently emerged as a new etching technique capable of fabricating high aspect ratio nano- and microstructures in a few semiconductors substrates—Si, Ge, poly-Si, GaAs, and SiC—and using different catalysts—Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Cu, Ni, and Rh. Several shapes have been demonstrated with a high anisotropy and feature size in the nanoscale—nanoporous films, nanowires, 3D objects, and trenches, which are useful components of photonic devices, microfluidic devices, bio-medical devices, batteries, Vias, MEMS, X-ray optics, etc. With no limitations of large-areas and low-cost processing, MacEtch can open up new opportunities for several applications where high precision nano- and microfabrication is required. This can make semiconductor manufacturing more accessible to researchers in various fields, and accelerate innovation in electronics, bio-medical engineering, energy, and photonics. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments in MacEtch, and its use for various applications.
    Keywords: porous silicon ; Pd nanoparticles-assisted chemical etching ; etching rate ; ethanol electrooxidation ; X-ray diffractive optics ; zone plate ; high aspect ratio nanostructures ; metal-assisted chemical etching ; electroless deposition ; Al2O3 nanotube ; ultra-high aspect ratio ; gold (Au) metal assisted chemical etching ; atomic layer deposition ; anisotropic dry etching ; silicon cones ; metal assisted chemical etching ; transversal pores ; antireflection ; black GaAs ; photon recycling ; X-ray grating interferometry ; catalyst ; silicon ; gold electroplating ; magnetically guided metal-assisted chemical etching ; bulk Si etching ; curved Si structure ; catalyst encapsulation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.
    Keywords: recovery rates ; beta regression ; credit risk ; contingent convertible debt ; financial modelling ; risk management ; financial crisis ; recovery rate ; loss given default ; model ambiguity ; default time ; no-arbitrage ; reduced-form HJM models ; recovery process ; Counterparty Credit Risk ; Hidden Markov Model ; Risk Factor Evolution ; Backtesting ; FX rate ; Geometric Brownian Motion ; trade credit ; small and micro-enterprises ; financial non-financial variables ; risk assessment ; logistic regression ; probability of default ; wrong-way risk ; dependence ; urn model ; counterparty risk ; credit valuation adjustment (CVA) ; XVA (X-valuation adjustments) compression ; genetic algorithm ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; methane detection ; concentration prediction ; two-photon femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence ; n/a ; finite-element analysis ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) ; quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy ; real-time observation ; carbon dioxide monitoring ; filament-induced nonlinear spectroscopy ; thermal control ; femtosecond laser-induced plasma spectroscopy ; Tm ; MgO:PPLN crystal ; mid-infrared ICL ; combustion sensing ; algorithm ; laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) ; mid-infrared fingerprint spectrum ; time division multiplexing differential modulation ; detection limit ; design optimization ; 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio detection ; femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ; coupling efficiency ; gas detection ; laser spectroscopy ; hollow-core photonic crystal fiber ; thermoelectric cooling ; TDLAS ; chicken swarm optimization ; frequency modulation spectroscopy ; absorption spectroscopy ; practical applications ; methane ; wavelength modulation spectroscopy ; continuous-wave (CW) ; tunable laser absorption spectroscopy ; noise reduction algorithms ; C2H2 detection ; a multi-reflection chamber ; tunable mid-infrared solid-state laser ; photothermal spectroscopy ; stokes vectors ; combustion diagnostic ; GRIN fiber probe ; wavelength modulation ; deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration ; femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging ; graphene saturable absorber ; femtosecond laser ; near-infrared ; all-fiber laser ; optical parametric oscillator ; mid-infrared ; gas sensing ; direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) ; interferometric gas detection ; single-frequency ; non-linearity ; TDLAS technique ; interband cascade lasers ; optical parametric oscillator (OPO) ; quantum cascade lasers ; PQS ; support vector machine ; Ho:LuVO4 laser ; two-tone frequency modulation spectroscopy ; intracavity gas detection ; quartz tuning fork ; trace gas detection ; information processing technology ; optical sensing ; temperature compensation ; broadband spectrum ; tunable diode laser ; diffuse integrating cavity ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This Special Issue provides an overview of pediatric integrative medicine, an emerging field that blends conventional and evidence based complementary therapies with an emphasis on preventive health and wellbeing.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RJ1-570 ; cognitive behavioral therapy ; pain rehabilitation ; n/a ; education ; pediatric integrative medicine ; musical therapy ; mind-body ; non-pharmacological therapy ; guided imagery ; complementary ; infant ; pediatric ; multidisciplinary pain management strategies ; integrative medicine ; qualitative ; advocacy ; clinic model ; massage ; obesity ; Kneipp ; multidisciplinary ; adolescents ; mindfulness ; sucrose ; program development ; vision ; complementary therapies ; residents ; art therapy ; pastoral care ; academic medicine ; kindergarten ; yoga ; assessment of withdrawal ; clinical practice ; pediatric integrative nursing ; eHealth ; mindful eating ; opioid reduction therapy ; burnout ; resilience ; pediatric blood and marrow transplant ; preventive lifestyle behaviors ; biofeedback ; pain ; migraine ; Integrative therapies ; creative arts therapy ; weaning of opioids ; implementation ; yoga therapy ; mindfulness-based stress reduction ; withdrawal ; music therapy ; hypnosis ; acupuncture ; premature ; chronic illness ; meditation ; pediatrics ; skin-to-skin contact ; opioid therapy ; self-regulation ; headache ; PIMR ; breastfeeding ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QD415-436 ; Q1-390 ; high-fat high-carbohydrate diet ; toxicity ; oxysterol ; n/a ; squalene cyclase ; sterol content ; sterolomics ; Polystichum ; Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome ; antifungals ; alkaloid ; cycloartenol synthase ; degeneration ; phytosterol ; Rhizopus arrhizus ; fibroblasts ; pod-blast ; fern ; cholesterol ; cytotoxic activity ; N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination ; genetic disease ; isoprenoid ; steroid ; atherosclerosis ; granatane ; antioxidant ; wound healing ; development ; enzyme-assisted derivatization ; maturity ; terpene ; keratinocytes ; C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) ; ?-sitosterol ; mesocarp ; sterol biosynthesis ; mechanism-based inactivators ; Mucorales ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ; Girard reagent ; ROS ; sterol pattern ; N-methylcadaverine ; ?-tocopherol ; electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry ; human African trypanosomiasis ; HUVECs ; lipidomics ; campesterol ; triterpene ; oxyphytosterol ; leishmania ; Chagas disease ; LOX-1 ; sterol C24-methyltransferase ; antifungal effectivity ; ergosterol biosynthesis ; hormone ; glucose homeostasis ; retina ; solanaceae ; cholestanoic acid ; algal sterols ; cell migration ; withanolides ; insulin resistance ; Zingiber officinale ; posaconazole ; synthesis ; pre-diabetes ; pharmacognosy ; sterol ; 4-methylsterol ; oleanolic acid ; antiparasitic drugs ; lupeol ; oilseed ; aurelianolides ; divalent metal co-factor ligation ; bile alcohol ; phytosterols ; azoles ; infectious disease ; gingerols ; UV-radiation ; oil bodies ; ZnO ; sterol 14?-demethylase ; stigmasterol ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book presents diverse contributions related to some of the latest advances in the field of personalization and recommender systems, as well as social media and sentiment analysis. The work comprises several articles that address different problems in these areas by means of recent techniques such as deep learning, methods to analyze the structure and the dynamics of social networks, and modern language processing approaches for sentiment analysis, among others. The proposals included in the book are representative of some highly topical research directions and cover different application domains where they have been validated. These go from the recommendation of hotels, movies, music, documents, or pharmacy cross-selling to sentiment analysis in the field of telemedicine and opinion mining on news, also including the study of social capital on social media and dynamics aspects of the Twitter social network.
    Keywords: music recommender systems ; social influence ; social trust ; homophily ; collaborative filtering ; streaming services ; ego network ; events ; network dynamics ; Twitter ; hybrid recommender systems ; feedback collection ; digital libraries ; information retrieval ; real-world data ; open-access ; social capital ; social media ; operationalization ; measurement ; scoping review ; graph convolutional neural network ; recommender system ; cross-sales ; pharmacy ; popularity bias ; opinion mining ; opinion summarization ; topic modeling ; semantic similarity measures ; word embeddings ; text mining ; sentiment analysis ; Web-based questionnaire ; telemedicine ; telemonitoring ; telehomecare ; recommender systems ; utility ; multi-criteria ; penalty ; over-expectation ; under-expectation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book is the result of a Special Issue published in Applied Sciences, entitled “New Trends in Recycled Aggregate Concrete"". It identifies emerging research areas within the field of recycled aggregate concrete and contributes to the increased use of this eco-efficient material.Its contents are organised in the following sections: Upscaling the use of recycled aggregate concrete in structural design; Large scale applications of recycled aggregate concrete; Long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete; Performance of recycled aggregate concrete in very aggressive environments; Reliability of recycled aggregate concrete structures; Life cycle assessment of recycled aggregate concrete; New applications of recycled aggregate concrete.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; crushing ; heavyweight waste glass ; n/a ; recycled aggregate quality ; seismic load ; microstructure ; construction waste ; permeability ; bond strength ; seismic performance ; aggregate interlock mechanism ; recycled concrete aggregates ; compressive strength ; crumb rubber ; cellular concrete ; model ; cyclic load ; recycled aggregate ; crushed glass ; models ; recycled aggregate concrete ; reactive power concrete ; recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) ; energy absorbing ; creep ; elevated temperature ; fiber-reinforced concrete ; size effect ; recycled concrete aggregate ; geological nature of aggregates ; mechanical properties ; recycled concrete ; artificial neural networks ; recycled aggregates ; steel fibre ; quality of aggregates ; aggregates ; foam stability ; ceramic foam ; durable characteristics ; nylon fiber ; concrete ; mechanical characteristics ; strain rate ; steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) ; dynamic mechanical property ; concrete sludge fines ; water absorption ; columns ; environmental impact ; blast-furnace slag ; input variable ; tensile splitting strength ; aggregate ; returned concrete ; reinforced concrete member ; variable sensitivity ; soil stabilization ; numerical analysis ; shear behavior ; fly-ash ; modulus ; life cycle assessment ; foam structure ; silica fume ; recycling ; recycled coarse aggregate concrete ; ready-mixed concrete ; foam concrete ; flexural behavior ; mixture proportioning ; aggregate characteristic ; residual properties ; CT ; reinforced concrete ; shrinkage ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; parent-of-origin effects ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; coverage ratio analysis ; n/a ; ribosomal DNA ; reactivation ; cytogenetics ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; interphase nucleus ; whole genome resequencing ; transmission ; grasshoppers ; genome instability ; dot-like (micro) Bs ; ?s ; B chromosome ; supernumerary elements ; transcription of heterochromatin ; maternal X chromosome ; supernumerary chromosome ; population analysis ; supernumerary ; repeat clusters ; extra chromosomes ; genes ; tandem repeats ; B morphotypes ; repetitive DNA ; repetitive elements ; DNA copy number variation ; chromosome polymorphism ; satellite DNA ; mammals ; maize B chromosome ; additional chromosomes ; inactivation ; drive ; B chromosomes ; FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) ; organelle DNA ; Orthoptera ; origin ; supernumerary chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) ; DNA composition ; de novo centromere formation ; genomics ; paternal X chromosome ; euchromatin degradation ; supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution ; centromere ; sSMC ; Prospero autumnale complex ; next-generation sequencing ; Drosophila ; host/parasite interaction ; Apodemus peninsulae ; genome evolution ; evolution ; teleost ; chromosome evolution ; microdissected DNA probes ; controlling element ; mobile element ; RNA-Seq ; karyotypes ; karyotypic characteristics ; RepeatExplorer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue of Processes operates on the basis of a rigorous peer-review with a single-blind assessment and at least two independent reviewers, thereby ensuring a high quality final product. I would like to thank our reviewers, for providing the authors with constructive comments, and Editorial Board, for their professional advice that led to the final decision. I am sure that, in coming years, readers of this Special Issue will find the scientific manuscripts interesting and beneficial to their research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; three-dimensional temperature field ; n/a ; forced convection ; RNG k-? model ; PIV measurements ; water friction loss ; flat plate ; horizontal ; optimization ; casson fluid ; finned tube ; plate-fin heat sink ; computational fluid dynamics (CFD) ; plate heat exchanger ; partial heating ; thermo-diffusion ; HEN synthesis ; Keller-Box technique ; visualization experiment ; ice-cream ; modelling ; computational intelligence techniques ; canned motor ; boiling ; heat transfer ; operating condition ; vertical ; phase change ; flow distribution characteristics ; scraped surface heat exchanger ; heat flux ; numerical simulation ; aspect ratio ; orientation ; axisymmetric flow ; CACRS ; natural convection ; MINLP ; multi-slip ; ice storage ; viscosity ; axial piston pump ; crystallization ; multiphase flow ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to the ever-expanding applications of micro/nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) as sensors and actuators, interest in their development has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Encompassing various excitation and readout schemes, the MEMS/NEMS devices transduce physical parameter changes, such as temperature, mass or stress, caused by changes in desired measurands, to electrical signals that can be further processed. Some common examples of NEMS/MEMS sensors include pressure sensors, accelerometers, magnetic field sensors, microphones, radiation sensors, and particulate matter sensors. Despite a long history of development, fabrication of novel MEMS/NEMS devices still poses unique challenges due to their requirement for a suspended geometry; and many new fabrication techniques have been proposed to overcome these challenges. However, further development of these techniques is still necessary, as newer materials such as compound semiconductors, and 2-dimensional materials are finding their way in various MEMS/NEMS applications, with more complex structures and potentially smaller dimensions.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; vibrating ring gyroscope ; n/a ; tunnel magnetoresistive effect ; optical sensor ; micro-NIR spectrometer ; pulse inertia force ; gas sensor ; wet etching ; oil detection ; glass welding ; spring design ; power consumption ; MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) ; back cavity ; deflection position detector ; magnetic ; MEMS ; single-layer SiO2 ; frequency tuning ; threshold accuracy ; suspended micro hotplate ; AlGaN/GaN circular HFETs ; quadrature modulation signal ; inertial switch ; nanoparticle sensor ; low noise ; photonic crystal nanobeam cavity ; floating slug ; infrared image ; backstepping approach ; microdroplet ; acceleration switch ; microgyroscope ; temperature uniformity ; methane ; microfluidic ; accelerometer design ; photonic crystal cavity ; anisotropy ; resonant frequency ; dual-mass MEMS gyroscope ; analytical model ; single crystal silicon ; temperature sensor ; micro fluidic ; refractive index sensor ; microwave measurement ; low zero-g offset ; femtosecond laser ; micropellistor ; rapid fabrication ; accelerometer ; tracking performance ; GaN diaphragm ; microactuator ; resistance parameter ; optomechanical sensor ; scanning grating mirror ; GaAs MMIC ; adaptive control ; frequency split ; frequency mismatch ; electrostatic force feedback ; thermoelectric power sensor ; squeeze-film damping ; silicon ; wideband ; Accelerometer readout ; bonding strength ; high temperature pressure sensors ; 3D simulation ; level-set method ; tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.
    Keywords: thermodynamics ; optimization ; entropy analysis ; Carnot engine ; modelling with time durations ; steady-state modelling ; transient conditions ; converter irreversibility ; sequential optimization ; Finite physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics ; global efficiency ; energy efficiency ; heat engine ; heat pump ; utilization ; Carnot efficiency ; comparison ; thermal system ; cycle analysis ; second law of thermodynamics ; Clausius Statement ; theorem of the equivalence of transformations ; linear irreversible thermodynamics ; maximum power output ; maximum ecological Function ; maximum efficient power function ; enzymatic reaction model ; ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) ; plate heat exchanger ; finite-time thermodynamics ; heat transfer entropy ; entropy production ; new efficiency limits ; two-stage LNG compressor ; energy losses ; exergy destruction ; exergy efficiency ; Stirling cycle ; refrigerator ; heat exchanger ; second law ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Biocatalysis is very appealing to the industry because it allows, in principle, the synthesis of products not accessible by chemical synthesis. Enzymes are very effective, as are precise biocatalysts, as they are enantioselective, with mild reaction conditions and green chemistry. Biocatalysis is currently widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry, cosmetic industry, and textile industry. This includes enzyme production, biocatalytic process development, biotransformation, enzyme engineering, immobilization, the synthesis of fine chemicals and the recycling of biocatalysts. One of the most challenging problems in biocatalysis applications is process optimization. This Special Issue shows that an optimized biocatalysis process can provide an environmentally friendly, clean, highly efficient, low cost, and renewable process for the synthesis and production of valuable products. With further development and improvements, more biocatalysis processes may be applied in the future.
    Keywords: catechin ; degalloylation ; flavonol ; glycoside hydrolase ; optimization ; tannase ; immobilized DERA ; statin side chain ; continuous flow synthesis ; alginate-luffa matrix ; design of experiments ; Anguilla marmorata ; eel protein hydrolysates ; functional properties ; herbal eel extracts ; agarose ; agarase ; agarotriose ; agaropentaose ; expression ; calycosin ; calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside ; glucosyltransferase ; sucrose synthase ; UDP-glucose recycle ; UGT–SuSy cascade reaction ; Candida antarctica lipase A ; surface-display system ; shear rate ; mass transfer rate ; enzymatic kinetic study ; enzymatic synthesis ; β-amino acid esters ; microreactor ; aromatic amines ; Michael addition ; kraft pulp ; cellulose ; xylan ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; Penicillium verruculosum ; glucose ; xylose ; lipase ; acidolysis ; docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester ; eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester ; ethyl acetate ; kinetics ; styrene monooxygenase ; indole monooxygenase ; two-component system ; chiral biocatalyst ; solvent tolerance ; biotransformation ; epoxidation ; NAD(P)H-mimics ; superoxide dismutase (SOD) ; catalase (CAT) ; glutathione reductase (GR) ; aluminum (Al) ; selenium (Se) ; mouse ; brain ; liver ; phosphatidylcholine ; 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid ; enzymatic interesterification ; biocatalysis ; Pleurotus ostreatus ; enenzymatic hydrolysis ; peptide ; antioxidant ; hepatoprotective activity ; Yarrowia lipolytica ; whole–cell biocatalysis ; indolizine ; cycloaddition ; trehalose ; viscosity ; enzymes ; protein dynamics ; Kramers’ theory ; protein stabilization ; enzyme inhibition ; Lipase ; transesterification ; 2-phenylethyl acetate ; packed-bed reactor ; solvent-free ; cyclic voltammetry ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; carbon nanotubes ; redox mediators ; CYP102A1 ; naringin dihydrochalcone ; neoeriocitrin dihydrochalcone ; regioselective hydroxylation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
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  • 78
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: As we move further into the 21st century, despite the fact that new technologies have emerged, machining remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts in several sectors, but recent advances in computer applications should close the gap between simulations and industrial practices. This book, “Machining Dynamics and Parameters Process Optimization”, is oriented toward the different strategies and paths when it comes to increasing productivity and reliability in metal removal processes. The topics include the dynamic characterization of machine tools, experimental dampening techniques, and optimization algorithms combined with signal monitoring.
    Keywords: CNC parameters ; machining mode ; high speed ; high accuracy ; high surface quality ; five-axis linear-segment toolpath ; path smoothing ; B-spline curve-fitting ; path synchronization ; feedrate scheduling ; flute-grinding ; evolution algorithms ; wheel location and orientation ; thin-floor machining ; chatter ; magnetorheological damper ; bull-nose end mill ; tool wear monitoring ; milling ; complex part ; deep learning ; autoencoder ; deep multi-layer perceptron ; tool condition monitoring ; tool change policy ; Industry 4.0 ; machine learning ; CNN ; AI ; additive manufacturing ; thin walled machining ; dynamics ; machining cycle optimization ; multivariable tool ; stable peninsula ; homotopy perturbation method ; machining robot ; natural frequency prediction ; model optimization ; dynamic performance ; stability ; machining ; grinding ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The use of lightweight structures across several industries has become inevitable in today’s world given the ever-rising demand for improved fuel economy and resource efficiency. In the automotive industry, composites, reinforced plastics, and lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium are being adopted by many OEMs at increasing rates to reduce vehicle mass and develop efficient new lightweight designs. Automotive weight reduction with high-strength steel is also witnessing major ongoing efforts to design novel damage-controlled forming processes for a new generation of efficient, lightweight steel components. Although great progress has been made over the past decades in understanding the thermomechanical behavior of these materials, their extensive use as lightweight solutions is still limited due to numerous challenges that play a key role in cost competitiveness. Hence, significant research efforts are still required to fully understand the anisotropic material behavior, failure mechanisms, and, most importantly, the interplay between industrial processing, microstructure development, and the resulting properties. This Special Issue reprint book features concise reports on the current status in the field. The topics discussed herein include areas of manufacturing and processing technologies of materials for lightweight applications, innovative microstructure and process design concepts, and advanced characterization techniques combined with modeling of material’s behavior.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; TA401-492 ; n/a ; microstructure ; Mg-Al-Ba-Ca alloy ; strength ; severe plastic deformation ; hot working ; surface roughness ; high pressure torsion extrusion ; optimization ; fatigue fracture behavior ; magnesium alloys ; de-coring ; formability ; multilayered sheets ; HPDC ; spring-back ; contact heat transfer ; mechanical properties ; bending ; in-die quenching ; equivalent strain ; light metals ; processing ; heat transfer ; damage ; creep aging ; thin-walled profile ; rolling ; aluminum alloy ; transmission line fittings ; ceramic core ; processing map ; automated void recognition ; FEA ; multi-output porthole extrusion ; density ; kinetic analysis ; texture ; non-ferrous alloys ; material characterization ; stress superposition ; hot stamping ; metal flow ; hybrid composite material ; V-bending test ; finite element model ; aluminium alloy ; shear lap test ; Al-Cu-Mg alloy ; characterization ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 80
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Semi-solid metal (SSM) processing, as a viable alternative manufacturing route to those of conventional casting and forging, has not yet been fully exploited despite nearly half a century since its introduction to the metal industry. The slow pace of adopting SSM routes may be due to various reasons, including capital costs, profit margins, and, most importantly, the lack of detailed analysis of various SSM processes in open literature to confidently establish their advantages over more conventional routes. Therefore, the SSM community must disseminate their findings more effectively to generate increased confidence in SSM processes in the eyes of our industrial leaders. As such, we have embarked on the task to invite the leaders in SSM research to share their findings in a Special Issue dedicated to semi-solid processing of metals and composites. SSM processing takes advantage of both forming and shaping characteristics usually employed for liquid and solid materials. In the absence of shear forces, the semi-solid metal has similar characteristics to solids, i.e., easily transferred and shaped; by applying a defined force, the viscosity is reduced and the material flows like a liquid. These unique dual characteristics have made SSM routes attractive alternatives to conventional casting on an industrial scale. With the intention of taking full advantage of SSM characteristics, it is crucial to understand SSM processing, including topics such as solidification and structural evolution, flow behavior through modelling and rheology, new processes and process control, alloy development, and properties in general. This Special Issue focuses on the recent research and findings in the field with the aim of filling the gap between industry and academia, and to shed light on some of the fundamentals of science and technology of semi-solid processing.
    Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy ; thixoforming ; post-welding-heat treatment ; electron beam welding (EBW) ; nano-sized SiC particle ; wear rate ; friction coefficient ; rheoformed ; thixoformed ; semi-solid ; microstructure ; mechanical properties ; wear ; corrosion ; Al–Si alloys ; rheocasting ; HPDC ; electrochemical evaluation ; rheological model ; semi-solid state ; Mg alloys ; high-temperature rheology ; rheological properties ; rheology ; semi-solid alloys ; thixotropy ; rheometer ; compression test ; viscosity ; semi-solid material ; A356 alloy ; electromagnetic stirring ; compression ; primary α-Al particle ; enclosed cooling slope channel ; ZCuSn10P1 ; microstructure refinement ; properties ; thixowelding ; thixojoining ; semisolid joining ; cold-work tool steel ; semisolid processing ; thixoformability ; Fe-rich Al-Si-Cu alloy ; 2024 aluminum matrix composites ; Al2O3 nanoparticles ; polarized light microscopy ; anodic etching ; EBSD ; grain ; globule ; Al-Si alloy ; semi-solid metal processing ; EMS ; thixocasting ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a real-time liquid biopsy approach can be used to obtain new insights into metastasis biology, and as companion diagnostics to improve the stratification of therapies and to obtain insights into the therapy-induced selection of cancer cells. In this book, we will cover all the different facets of CTCs to assemble a huge corpus of knowledge on cancer dissemination: technologies for their enrichment, detection, and characterization; their analysis at the single-cell level; their journey as CTC microemboli; their clinical relevance; their biology with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); their stem-cell properties; their potential to initiate metastasis at distant sites; their ex vivo expansion; and their escape from the immune system.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; n/a ; FOLFIRINOX ; immunofluorescence imaging ; AR-V7 ; circulating tumour cells ; chemoradioresistance ; CTC-based treatment decisions ; rVAR2 ; immunophenotyping ; immune system ; CellSearch® ; flow cytometry ; clinical trials ; circulating tumor DNA ; synaptophysin ; stem cells ; colorectal cancer ; melanoma ; CTC biology ; platelets ; AR ; CTC capture technology ; castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) ; PD-L1 expression ; rovalpituzumab tesirine ; HMB-45 ; thymidylate synthase ; ctDNA ; tumor cell dissemination ; solid cancers ; metastasis ; locally advanced rectal cancer ; miRNA ; epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) ; NSCLC ; tumor biomarkers ; tumor stem cells ; circulating tumor cells ; major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) ; bone marrow ; heterogeneity ; cerebrospinal liquid biopsy ; fish ; glioma ; in vivo flow cytometry ; colorectal surgery ; CellSearch ; single-cell analysis ; disseminated tumor cells ; EasyCount slides ; microsatellite instability ; circulating plasma cells ; circulating leukemia cells ; ARV7 ; SLUG ; androgen receptor ; metastatic colorectal cancer ; leukocyte-derived extracellular vesicles ; prostate cancer (PCa) ; neutrophils ; liquid biopsy ; enzalutamide ; CD133 ; enrichment and detection technologies ; biomarkers ; immune checkpoint inhibitors ; biomarker ; RAD23B ; microbiome ; integrin B1 ; ACCEPT ; emboli ; small-cell lung carcinoma ; EPISPOT ; microfluidics ; early breast cancer ; circulating tumor cells (CTC) ; tumor-initiating cells (TICs) ; immunomodulation ; xenograft models ; CTC-derived xenografts ; malaria ; circulating tumor cells (CTCs) ; clinical utility ; exosomes ; liquid surgery ; ctRNA ; CTCs ; epithelial–mesenchymal transition ; targeted therapy ; hematological cells ; gene expression analysis ; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ; breast cancer ; EpCAM enrichment ; prostate cancer ; CTC ; abiraterone ; fibronectin ; CTC-derived ex vivo models ; CTMat ; chromogranin A ; CTM ; exosome ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 82
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Developing techniques for assessing various risks and calculating probabilities of ruin and survival are exciting topics for mathematically-inclined academics. For practicing actuaries and financial engineers, the resulting insights have provided enormous opportunities but also created serious challenges to overcome, thus facilitating closer cooperation between industries and academic institutions. In this book, several renown researchers with extensive interdisciplinary research experiences share their thoughts that, in one way or another, contribute to the betterment of practice and theory of decision making under uncertainty. Behavioral, cultural, mathematical, and statistical aspects of risk assessment and modelling have been explored, and have been often illustrated using real and simulated data. Topics range from financial and insurance risks to security-type risks, from one-dimensional to multi- and even infinite-dimensional risks.
    Keywords: HG1-9999 ; insurance ; n/a ; multiplicative background risk model ; renewal process ; dual risk model ; collective risk model ; risk measure ; aggregate risk ; Laplace transform ; transfer function ; risk management ; risk theory ; maximal tail dependence ; constant interest rate ; partial integro-differential equation ; reinsurance ; financial time series ; spatial risk measures and corresponding axiomatic approach ; central limit theorem ; integral equation ; Markovian arrival process ; systematic risk ; information processing ; discounted aggregate claims ; surplus process ; weighted cuts ; rate of spatial diversification ; national culture ; operational risk ; covariance ; cumulative Parisian ruin ; spatial dependence ; background risk ; survival analysis ; Monte Carlo ; aggregate discounted claims ; stochastic orders ; order statistic ; max-stable random fields ; copulas ; hazard model ; multivariate gamma distribution ; copula ; advanced measurement approach ; concomitant ; archimedean copulas ; rating migrations ; ruin probability ; clustering ; confidence interval ; individual risk model ; numerical approximation ; value-at-risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WC Antiques & collectables::WCF Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics)
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  • 83
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Rivers are an excellent witness of the dynamics affecting Earth’s surface due to their sedimentary products and morphological expression, which may be considered as fluvial archives. Until now, the focus has been on evaluating the general impact of individual external factors. However, the importance of the specific environmental characteristics of these factors has become increasingly recognized, as highlighted in recent case studies. For example, the effects of regional climate, differentiated topography and vegetation, and frozen ground appear to play an essential role in the evolution of the fluvial system. Integration of such environmental conditions in the processes that were active within the complex fluvial system will open new perspectives in our progressive understanding of the evolution of landscape form, ecology, sediment fluxes, and hydrology of the system within the framework of the external drivers such as tectonics, general climate, and human activity. This is an appealing challenge that we wish to address in the present Special Issue under the aegis of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG).
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; n/a ; Tisa ; dikes ; OSL dating ; last glacial ; legacy sediments ; fluvial archives ; western Iberia ; fire ; river engineering ; uplift ; crustal properties ; craton ; fluvial evolution ; OSL-dating ; local conditions ; Pannonian Basin ; deforestation ; eastern Australia ; tectonic impact ; Holocene ; optically stimulated luminescence ; paleo-fluvial ; environmental change ; terrace development ; vegetation-induced sedimentary structures ; alluvial fan ; FLAG ; dams ; agriculture ; fluvial forcing ; domestication ; archaeology ; terrace ; sedimentary basins ; Anthropocene ; Late Pleistocene ; fluvial facies ; optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating ; OSL ; climate ; channel entrenchment ; grain-size analysis ; river terraces ; Tisza ; extrinsic controls ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Modern factories are experiencing rapid digital transformation supported by emerging technologies, such as the Industrial Internet of things (IIOT), industrial big data and cloud technologies, deep learning and deep analytics, AI, intelligent robotics, cyber-physical systems and digital twins, complemented by visual computing (including new forms of artificial vision with machine learning, novel HMI, simulation, and visualization). This is evident in the global trend of Industry 4.0. The impact of these technologies is clear in the context of high-performance manufacturing. Important improvements can be achieved in productivity, systems reliability, quality verification, etc. Manufacturing processes, based on advanced mechanical principles, are enhanced by big data analytics on industrial sensor data. In current machine tools and systems, complex sensors gather useful data, which is captured, stored, and processed with edge, fog, or cloud computing. These processes improve with digital monitoring, visual data analytics, AI, and computer vision to achieve a more productive and reliable smart factory. New value chains are also emerging from these technological changes. This book addresses these topics, including contributions deployed in production, as well as general aspects of Industry 4.0.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T55.4-60.8 ; T1-995 ; localization ; smart system ; n/a ; connected enterprise ; digital manufacturing ; AHP ; YOLOv3 ; decision support ; neural network ; vertex distance ; depthwise separable convolution ; cutting insert selection ; smart service ; contour detection ; convolutional neural networks ; platform-based ecosystem ; in-line dimensional inspection ; dilated convolutions ; fabric defect detection ; classification ; FCM ; LGM ; digital information flow ; turning ; computer vision ; control service ; blister defect ; RMTs ; feature pyramid ; research and development indicators ; maintenance expert ; polymer lithium-ion battery ; IT concept ; Industry 4.0 ; matching ; data reduction ; competence ; fibre of preserved Szechuan pickle ; elliptical paraboloid array ; relative angle ; geometric relationship ; optical system ; configure-to-order ; aircraft structure crack detection ; digital twins ; smart factory ; D-VGG16 ; optical slope sensor ; smart manufacturing ; self-calibration method ; convolutional neural network ; industry 4.0 ; skyline queries ; machine learning ; scalability test ; cyber-physical production systems ; Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) ; demand-side response ; cutting parameter optimization ; image smoothing ; marketing innovations ; genetic algorithm ; automation system ; defect detection ; scheduling ; job shop systems ; big data ; operator theory ; micro-armature ; train wheel ; industrial knowledge graph ; industrial load management ; bilinear model ; artificial neural networks ; 4th industrial revolution ; INDUSTRY 4.0 ; construction equipment ; lean assembly ; capacity control ; Grad-CAM ; revolution workpiece ; chatter ; anomaly detection ; QFD ; social network ; deep learning ; control as a service ; warm forming ; automated surface inspection ; cloud-based control system ; innovative marketing tools ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; flower pollination algorithm ; HED ; edge computing ; predictive analytics ; BIM ; digital platforms ; industrial big data ; energy flexibility ; impacts marketing innovations ; intellectualization of industrial information ; economic recession ; 3D mesh reconstruction ; demand-side management ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Alternative treatment modes for antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens have become a public health priority. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect and lyse bacterial cells. Since bacteriophages are frequently bacterial host species-specific and can often also infect antibiotic-resistant bacterial cells, they could represent ideal antimicrobials for fighting the antibiotic resistance crisis. The medical use of bacteriophages has become known as phage therapy. It is widely used in Russia, where phage cocktails are sold in pharmacies as an over-the-counter drug. However, no phage product has been registered for medical purposes outside of the former Soviet Union. The current Special Issue of Viruses contains a collection of papers from opinion leaders in the field who explore hurdles to the introduction of phage therapy in western countries. The articles cover diverse topics ranging from patent to regulatory issues, the targeting of suitable bacterial infections, and the selection and characterization of safe and efficient phage cocktails. Phage resistance is discussed, and gaps in our knowledge of phage–bacterium interactions in the mammalian body are revealed, while other articles explore the use of phages in food production and processing.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; QR1-502 ; Q1-390 ; alginate ; abortive infection ; n/a ; bacterial resistance ; bacteriophages ; ATMP ; MALDI-MS ; adaptation ; Bacteriophage ; horizontal gene transfer ; adaptive immunity ; co-evolution ; Listeria ivanovii ; personalised medicines ; pH stability ; phage-human host interaction ; vB_SauM-fRuSau02 ; antimicrobial resistance ; phagodisinfection ; biofilm ; capsule depolymerase ; animal model ; phage cocktails ; Enterococcus ; cases report ; zoonosis ; resistance ; magistral formula ; experimental therapy ; Belgium ; phage therapy ; E. faecalis ; nontraditional antibacterial ; industrial phage application ; Democratic Republic of the Congo ; OrthoMCL ; Germany ; high-throughput sequencing ; antimicrobial ; infection ; antibiotic therapy ; Kayvirus ; phages ; Twortlikevirus ; bacterial disease ; human host ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; phage ; multidrug-resistant bacteria ; bacterial infection ; Salmonella Typhi ; rhamnopolysaccharide ; compassionate use ; crop production ; compounding pharmacy ; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) ; best practices ; bacteriophage efficacy ; phage sensitivity ; antibiotic-resistance ; antibiotic ; lysins ; PTMP ; Escherichia coli ; typhoid fever ; patent landscape ; phage preparation ; innate immunity ; anti-phage antibodies ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; global health ; clinical trial ; adsorption ; Brussels ; phage-resistance ; Galleria mellonella ; science communication ; history of science ; virus–host interactions ; foodborne illness ; prophage ; resistance management ; biofilms ; IND ; immunomodulation ; frequency of resistance ; capsule ; gastrointestinal tract ; phage-host interactions ; disinfection ; production ; bacteriophage therapy ; bacteriophage ; Staphylococcus ; magistral preparation ; extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) ; Viral proteins ; antibiotic resistance ; genomics ; phage biocontrol ; therapy ; target selection ; viral genomes ; evolution ; pharmaceutical paradigm shift ; personalized medicine ; pharmaceutical legislation ; food safety ; regulation ; virulence ; developing countries ; infectious disease ; regulatory framework ; sustainable agriculture ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; TP155-156 ; n/a ; microstructure ; high-pressure torsion ; electron backscattered diffraction ; grain boundary engineering ; strengthening mechanism ; precipitation ; recrystallization ; bimodal ferrite steel ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; hot compression ; metal–matrix composite ; columnar grain ; shape memory alloy ; hardness ; structural steel plate ; dynamic recovery ; nonmetallic inclusions ; SEM ; Cu-Al-Mn ; ferritic steel ; strain rate ; strengthening ; elastocaloric effect ; Mg–Sm–Zn–Zr ; dynamic recrystallization ; growth rate ; corrosion resistance ; lead-free solder ; high-Mn TWIP steel ; Sn-8.0Sb-3.0Ag ; SDSS ; measuring temperature ; texture ; martensitic steels ; dynamic precipitation ; nanoindentation ; Al-Fe-Si-Zr system ; low-temperature ; orientation relationship ; M23C6 ; PWHT ; grain refinement ; force peak ; aging ; cycle time ; amorphization ; Al metal matrix composites ; aluminum alloys ; in situ tensile testing ; microstructure evolution ; Cu-Cr-Zr ; irradiation ; EBSD ; welded rotor ; ?-phase ; high-entropy alloys ; creep ; martensitic expansion ; super duplex stainless steel ; mechanical properties ; high-Mn steel ; ion irradiation ; austenitic 304 stainless steels ; impact toughness ; cold rolling ; ultrafine-grained microstructure ; press hardening ; mechanical property ; recovery ; annealing ; deformation twinning ; post-weld heat treatment ; rare earth control ; abnormal grain growth ; electron microscopy ; sub-merged arc welding ; M6C ; RAFM steels ; microstructure analysis ; electrical resistivity ; twinning ; Sb solder ; work hardening ; microhardness ; hot stamping ; weld metal ; electrical conductivity ; solder microstructure ; annealing twins ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Engineering mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics where mathematical methods and techniques are implemented for solving problems related to the engineering and industry. It also represents a multidisciplinary approach where theoretical and practical aspects are deeply merged with the aim at obtaining optimized solutions. In line with that, the present Special Issue, 'Engineering Mathematics in Ship Design', is focused, in particular, with the use of this sort of engineering science in the design of ships and vessels. Articles are welcome when applied science or computation science in ship design represent the core of the discussion.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Lead-Zirconium-Titanium (PZT) ; n/a ; H.O.M.E.R. nozzle ; finite element ; low-speed Diesel engine ; piezoelectric sensor ; AHP method ; environmental management system ; SPH ; state-of-the-art ; marine transport ; single-stepped planing hulls ; optimisation ; finite element method ; computational fluid dynamic ; slamming ; FSI ; roll motion ; harmonic excitation ; external forces ; towing tank tests ; modelling ; roll damping ; ISO 9126 ; selection ; stiffened plate ; numerical model ; damaged sensor ; CFD ; symmetric 2D + T theory ; hydroelasticity ; ISO 14001 ; water entry ; plate ; constitutive model ; turbulence model ; SHIPMOVE ; impact traction ; fixed pitch propeller ; stiffeners ; numerical simulation ; cavitation ; controllable pitch propeller ; ISO 14598 ; MMG Model ; hydrodynamic forces ; balanced scorecard ; finite volume method ; deflection ; constructal design ; fluid-structure interaction ; MCDM method ; marine industry ; ship design ; fracture mechanics ; coanda effect ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The book “Protective and Detrimental Role of Heme Oxygenase-1”, includes a selection of original research papers and reviews aimed at understanding the dual role (protective and detrimental) of HO-1 and the involved signaling pathways. Original research papers and reviews aimed at the identification of natural molecules or new synthetic compounds able to modulate HO-1 activity/expression help make HO-1 a potential therapeutic target for the amelioration of various diseases.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RM1-950 ; coronary artery disease ; n/a ; glucocorticoid receptor ; antigen presentation ; analgesia ; chemotherapy ; locus coeruleus ; Sirtuin 1 ; thiol groups ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; Betula etnensis Raf. ; heme oxygenase 1 ; tolerance ; heme oxygenase ; atherosclerosis ; nitric oxide ; caloric restriction ; liver ; carbon monoxide ; ER stress ; heme oxygenase-1 ; mineralocorticoid receptor ; Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) ; Gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteine Ligase (GGCL) ; angiotensin II ; bilirubin ; Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducers ; Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ; HO-1 activity inhibitor ; ferroptosis ; Myristica fragrans kernels ; glutathione ; high-pressure gas ; apoptosis ; HO-1 ; diabetes mellitus ; Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) ; carotid plaque ; ischemia–reperfusion injury ; ANTIGEN presenting cell ; LPS ; endoplasmic reticulum stress ; hemoglobin ; Pancreatic oxidative damage ; Colon cancer ; inflammation ; reactive oxygen species ; inflammatory pain ; paracetamol ; cardiomyopathy ; heme oxigenase-1 ; adipocytes ; sirtuin 1 ; peripheral artery disease ; PGC-1? ; heme ; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; metformin ; GR ; prostate cancer ; NF-?B ; hyperbilirubinemia ; iron ; Tet-ON system ; lung preservation ; oxidative stress ; Gunn rats ; Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This Special Issue contains a series of excellent research works on telecommunications and signal processing, selected from the 2018 41st International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP) which was held on July 4–6, 2018, in Athens, Greece. The conference was organized in cooperation with the IEEE Region 8 (Europe, Middle East, and Africa), IEEE Greece Section, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section, and IEEE Czechoslovakia Section SP/CAS/COM Joint Chapter by seventeen universities from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Turkey, Taiwan, Japan, Slovak Republic, Spain, Bulgaria, France, Slovenia, Croatia, and Poland, for academics, researchers, and developers, and serves as a premier international forum for the annual exchange and promotion of the latest advances in telecommunication technology and signal processing. The aim of the conference is to bring together both novice and experienced scientists, developers, and specialists, to meet new colleagues, collect new ideas, and establish new cooperation between research groups from universities, research centers, and private sectors worldwide. This collection of 10 papers is highly recommended for researchers, and believed to be interesting, inspiring, and motivating for readers in their further research.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; similarity measure ; dynamic time warping ; n/a ; Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) ; multispectral information ; transmission convergence layer ; 3D segmentation ; micrographia ; MATLAB ; neural network ; wireless communication ; identification ; interference alignment ; Parkinson’s disease dysgraphia ; NG-PON2 ; timing ; GPON ; semantic segmentation ; fractional-order filters ; maximum likelihood criterion ; kinematic analysis ; multitemporal data ; fractional calculus ; multi-hop relay network ; u-net ; interference leakage ; Richardson iteration ; activation process ; acoustic analysis ; follow-up study ; fractional-order derivative ; electrocardiogram (ECG) ; deep learning ; security ; modulo M quasi-stationary ; cognitive radio ; low-pass filters ; time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TIADC) ; sample-and-hold (S/H) mismatch ; authentication ; pattern recognition ; online handwriting ; sparse inference ; Taylor series ; EPON ; open-source ; spine ; machine learning ; brain ; signal representation ; magnitude responses ; Chebyshev filters ; XG-PON ; phonation ; hypokinetic dysarthria ; Parkinson’s disease ; overcomplete multi-scale dictionary construction ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This volume draws together a diverse array of scholars from across the humanities to formulate and address the question of “ethics and literary practice” for a new decade. In taking up a conjunction whose terms remain productively open to question, fifteen essays survey a range of approaches and topics including genre and disciplinary rhetoric, emergence theory and literary signification, the ethics of alterity, of attention, and of aesthetics, the decolonial and the paracritical, neorealism and contingency, analogy and affect, scripture and national literature. From Seamus Heaney to Hannah Arendt, Teresa Brennan to Stanley Cavell, Ronit Matalon to Édouard Glissant, Uwe Timm to Katherena Vermette, Notes for Echo Lake to the Gospel of St. Matthew, these contributions demonstrate how broadly and fruitfully ramifying its organizing inquiry can be. Bringing such multifarious perspectives to the topic feels only more urgent as language, meaning, and expression enter the crucible of a “post-truth” era.
    Keywords: Ethics ; Stanley Cavell ; Michael Palmer ; poetry ; American philosophy ; Ralph Waldo Emerson ; poetics ; language poetry ; moral perfectionism ; emergence ; aesthetics ; mimesis ; Adorno ; ethics ; literature ; skepticism ; tragedy ; romanticism ; Emersonian perfectionism ; Emmanuel Levinas ; ethics and literature ; analogy ; empathy ; Israeli literature ; Israelis and Palestinians ; narrative ethics ; recognition ; responsibility ; decoloniality ; Kafka ; Timm ; racism ; genocide ; German Empire ; reading ; postcritical ; Afro-Caribbean literature ; African-American literature ; paracritical ; Glissant ; Seamus Heaney ; Jacques Derrida ; Seamus Heaney’s Human Rights Lecture ; po-ethics ; the other ; politics ; redress ; the individual ; Shakespeare ; Dante Alighieri ; Simon Critchley ; Czeslaw Miłosz ; Primo Levi ; alterity ; compassion ; enlarged thinking ; human rights ; judgment ; refugees ; sensus communis ; Teresa Brennan ; Hélène Cixous ; affect ; porosity ; vulnerability ; entre deux ; philosophy ; attention ; representation ; indigenous writers ; gendered violence ; Levinas ; Weil ; pedagogy ; metonymy ; metaphor ; neorealism ; contingency ; dialectics ; Heidegger ; Proust ; time ; literary form ; Being ; Alterity ; Anthropocene ; sonic rhetorics ; non-linguistic turn ; space ; prosody ; etymology ; Plato ; the Other ; orthography ; classical Greek ; Biblical Hebrew ; the reversible vov ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Food processing by humans goes a long way back in time, e.g., heat for cooking was used 1.9 million years ago. However, meal preparation now seems to be moving out of the home kitchen, and preprocessed or processed/convenience food products are becoming a larger part of the daily diet. In addition, consumers are progressively focusing on the impact of food on their health, and they demand foods that have a high nutritional quality and an aroma and natural flavor that are similar to freshly-made products. Therefore, nutritional quality is concurrent with food safety, and sensory perception is becoming an increasingly important factor in food choices. The human digestive tract disintegrates food to allow the nutrients to be released and made available to the body. However, nutrients can undergo unwanted degradation upon processing and subsequent storage, negatively influencing the physiological effects. Different processing techniques will result in different food structures, thereby also affecting bioaccessibility and nutritional value. Hence, food scientists and industry have an increased interest in both conventional and innovative processing methods that can provide good-quality products with high nutritional value and stable shelf life. This Special Issue aims to shed some light on the latest knowledge about and developments within the effects of food processing and storage on changes of biochemical and nutritional compounds. Both original research articles and reviews are included in this book.
    Keywords: protein fractionation ; white teff ; brown teff ; amino acid profile ; seed storage proteins ; essential amino acids ; anthocyanins ; ascorbic acid ; UV-Vis ; HPLC-MS ; kinetics ; shelf life ; legume protein ; processing ; digestibility ; PEF ; OH ; POD ; colour ; extraction ; spray drying ; freeze drying ; antioxidants ; carotenoid aggregates ; coloring foods ; grouper ; refrigerated storage ; packaging methods ; protein oxidation ; protein degradation ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: A key aspect of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is their potential for integrating information technologies with embedded control systems and physical systems to form new or improved functionalities. CPS thus draws upon advances in many areas. This positioning provides unprecedented opportunities for innovation, both within and across existing domains. However, at the same time, it is commonly understood that we are already stretching the limits of existing methodologies. In embarking towards CPS with such unprecedented capabilities, it becomes essential to improve our understanding of CPS complexity and how we can deal with it. Complexity has many facets, including complexity of the CPS itself, of the environments in which the CPS acts, and in terms of the organizations and supporting tools that develop, operate, and maintain CPS. This book is a result of a journal Special Issue, with the objective of providing a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest achievements and to identify critical issues, challenges, opportunities, and future directions for how to deal with the complexity of future CPS. The contributions include 10 papers on the following topics: (I) Systems and Societal Aspects Related to CPS and Their Complexity; (II) Model-Based Development Methods for CPS; (III) CPS Resource Management and Evolving Computing Platforms; and (IV) Architectures for CPS.
    Keywords: component-based software engineering ; mode ; mode-switch ; complexity ; cyber-physical systems ; systems engineering ; uncertainty ; microgrid ; distributed design ; self-similar architecture ; plug-n-play ; distributed control ; distribution network ; field test ; autonomous cyber-physical systems ; resilience ; ethics ; nano-bio-info-cogno technologies ; smart cyber-physical systems ; self-generated intelligence ; ampliative reasoning mechanism ; procedural abduction ; data-driven system control ; run-time acquired data ; computational functions ; self-adaptation capability ; human/socially-centered applications ; embedded systems ; software component ; component-based development ; CBD ; GPU ; GPU component ; allocation ; component allocation ; architecture layer ; time-triggered system ; real-time ; adaptation ; scheduling ; multi-core ; real-time systems ; Fixed-Priority Preemptive Scheduling (FPPS) ; mixed-criticality systems ; n/a ; Cyber Physical Systems ; Reactive Systems ; Model-Based Design ; Embedded Systems ; Automatic Code Generation ; IDE ; Internet of Things ; model testing ; mutation testing ; energy consumption ; EAST-ADL ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 93
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: In Noether's original presentation of her celebrated theorem of 1918, allowances were made for the dependence of the coefficient functions of the differential operator which generated the infinitesimal transformation of the Action Integral upon the derivatives of the dependent variable(s), the so-called generalized, or dynamical, symmetries. A similar allowance is to be found in the variables of the boundary function, often termed a gauge function by those who have not read the original paper. This generality was lost after texts such as those of Courant and Hilbert or Lovelock and Rund confined attention to only point transformations. In recent decades, this diminution of the power of Noether's Theorem has been partly countered, in particular, in the review of Sarlet and Cantrijn. In this Special Issue, we emphasize the generality of Noether's Theorem in its original form and explore the applicability of even more general coefficient functions by allowing for nonlocal terms. We also look at the application of these more general symmetries to problems in which parameters or parametric functions have a more general dependence upon the independent variables.
    Keywords: K1-7720 ; n/a ; integrable nonlocal partial differential equations ; continuous symmetry ; Gauss-Bonnet cosmology ; double dispersion equation ; optimal systems ; viscoelasticity ; group-invariant solutions ; symmetry reduction ; Noether symmetries ; roots ; modified theories of gravity ; invariant ; variational principle ; action integral ; conservation laws ; conservation law ; Noether operators ; quasi-Noether systems ; Noether symmetry approach ; wave equation ; Lagrange anchor ; quasi-Lagrangians ; Lie symmetry ; multiplier method ; analytic mechanics ; optimal system ; spherically symmetric spacetimes ; Boussinesq equation ; lie symmetries ; generalized symmetry ; first integral ; Noether’s theorem ; Lie symmetries ; nonlocal transformation ; energy-momentum tensor ; boundary term ; first integrals ; invariant solutions ; FLRW spacetime ; Noether operator identity ; Kelvin-Voigt equation ; symmetries ; partial differential equations ; systems of ODEs ; approximate symmetry and solutions
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The role of nutrition in health and disease has been appreciated from time immemorial. Around 400 B.C., Hippocrates wrote “Let food by thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” In the 12th century, the great philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides wrote “any disease that can be treated by diet should be treated by no other means.” Now, in the 21st century, we are bombarded by claims in the media of “superfoods,” wondrous nutritional supplements, and special diets that promise to cure or prevent disease, improve health and restore functioning. Much of the focus has been on neurological disease, brain health and psychological functioning (behavior, cognition, and emotion). The hyperbole aside, there has been considerable progress in the past decade in our understanding of the contribution of specific nutrients and dietary patterns to brain development, physiology, and functioning. This Special Issue of Brain Sciences is devoted to the latest research on the role of nutritional deficiencies and excesses in the genesis of brain dysfunction, and use of diet for the prevention and treatment of brain and mental disorders. Basic laboratory and clinical research studies of the immature, adult, and aged nervous system are all welcome.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC321-571 ; epilepsy ; glioblastoma multiforme ; ADHD ; n/a ; prefrontal cortex ; regainers ; functional neuroimaging ; malignant glioma ; nutrients ; caffeine ; children ; inflammation ; working memory ; cytokines ; modified Atkins diet ; fish intake ; insulin resistance ; transpulmonary administration ; obesity ; maintainers ; electroencephalography ; Alzheimer’s disease ; omega-3 fatty acids ; diet-deficient ; weight loss maintenance ; neural processing ; hippocampal neurogenesis ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Almost 25 years ago, the first mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel was cloned and published. TRP channels now represent an extended family of 28 members fulfilling multiple roles in the living organism. Identified functions include control of body temperature, transmitter release, mineral homeostasis, chemical sensing, and survival mechanisms in a challenging environment. The TRP channel superfamily covers six families: TRPC with C for “canonical”, TRPA with A for “ankyrin”, TRPM with M for “melastatin”, TRPML with ML for “mucolipidin”, TRPP with P for “polycystin”, and TRPV with V for “vanilloid”. Over the last few years, new findings on TRP channels have confirmed their exceptional function as cellular sensors and effectors. This Special Book features a collection of 8 reviews and 7 original articles published in “Cells” summarizing the current state-of-the-art on TRP channel research, with a main focus on TRP channel activation, their physiological and pathophysiological function, and their roles as pharmacological targets for future therapeutic options.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; n/a ; transient receptor potential channels ; photochromic ligands ; elementary immunology ; Purkinje cell ; EPSC ; substance P ; chemicals ; organ toxicity ; lymphocytes ; HSP70 ; physiology ; bioavailable ; inflammatory bowel disease ; platelets ; pollutants ; yeast ; regulatory T cells ; kinase ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; manganese ; cerebellum ; TRP channel ; NHERF ; inflammation ; nanoHPLC-ESI MS/MS ; TRPM7 ; chemical probes ; TRPM8 ; dorsal column nuclei ; TRPV2 ; TRPV3 ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; TRPV1 ; ion channels ; transient receptor potential ; 2D gel electrophoresis ; MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) ; TRPV4 ; overproduction ; sulfur mustard ; oxidative stress ; graft versus host disease ; menthol ; topical ; chemosensor ; AP18 ; calcium signalling ; mucosal epithelium ; cuneate nucleus ; production platform ; TRPC channels ; ulcerative colitis ; channel structure ; xerostomia ; neutrophils ; cardiovascular system ; TRPC5 ; TRPC6 ; TRPC3 ; TRPC4 ; calcium signaling ; protein purification ; adipose tissue ; transient receptor potential (TRP) channels ; sodium ; TH17 ; diacylglycerol ; hypersensitivity ; TRPY1 ; GABAB ; HEK293 ; thrombosis ; ion channel ; TRPC ; pathophysiology ; SMAD ; toxicology ; endothelium ; calcium ; proteomics ; TRPA1 ; salivary glands ; TRP channels ; lipid mediators ; sensors ; radiation ; TRPM4 channel ; human medulla oblongata ; mGluR1 ; small molecules ; TRPC3 pharmacology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 96
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; n/a ; liver graft injury ; HFE ; neurokinin ; chemotherapy ; intestinal tumors ; therapeutic targets ; biliary tract carcinoma ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; clinical trial ; cell adhesion molecules ; colorectal cancer ; biomarkers ; phenotypic mosaics ; gastrointestinal oncology ; Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) ; biomarker ; psychosocial support ; precision therapy ; pancreatic carcinoma ; precision medicine ; Liver transplantation ; predictive biomarkers ; CD274 ; cholecystokinin ; The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ; gastrin ; pembrolizumab ; immunotherapy ; gastrin-releasing peptide ; stereotactic body radiation therapy ; immunohistochemistry ; gastric carcinoma ; liver transplant ; CAM invasion assay ; intragraft gene expression profiles ; molecular profiling ; targeted therapy ; neurotensin ; intestinal disorder ; ramucirumab ; next-generation sequencing ; colorectal carcinoma ; tumor progenitor ; circulating tumor cells ; gastrointestinal malignancies ; bombesin ; trastuzumab ; somatostatin ; zebrafish ; G protein–coupled receptors ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The deficits of mammography and the potential of noninvasive diagnostic testing using circulating miRNA profiles are presented in our first review article. Exosomes are important in the transfer of genetic information. The current knowledge on exosome-associated DNAs and on vesicle-associated DNAs and their role in pregnancy-related complications is presented in the next article. The major obstacle is the lack of a standardized technique for the isolation and measurement of exosomes. One review has summarized the latest results on cell-free nucleic acids in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the extensive research, the etiology and exact pathogenesis are still unclear, although similarity to the cell-free ribonucleic acids (cfRNAs) observed in other autoimmune diseases seems to be relevant in IBD. Liquid biopsy is a useful tool for the differentiation of leiomyomas and sarcomas in the corpus uteri. One manuscript has collected the most important knowledge of mesenchymal uterine tumors and shows the benefits of noninvasive sampling. Microchimerism has also recently become a hot topic. It is discussed in the context of various forms of transplantation and transplantation-related advanced therapies, the available cell-free nucleic acid (cfNA) markers, and the detection platforms that have been introduced. Ovarian cancer is one of the leading serious malignancies among women, with a high incidence of mortality; the introduction of new noninvasive diagnostic markers could help in its early detection and treatment monitoring. Epigenetic regulation is very important during the development of diseases and drug resistance. Methylation changes are important signs during ovarian cancer development, and it seems that the CDH1 gene is a potential candidate for being a noninvasive biomarker in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Preeclampsia is a mysterious disease—despite intensive research, the exact details of its development are unknown. It seems that cell-free nucleic acids could serve as biomarkers for the early detection of this disease. Three research papers deal with the prenatal application of cfDNA. Copy number variants (CNVs) are important subjects for the study of human genome variations, as CNVs can contribute to population diversity and human genetic diseases. These are useful in NIPT as a source of population specific data. The reliability of NIPT depends on the accurate estimation of fetal fraction. Improvement in the success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) is an important goal. The measurement of embryo-specific small noncoding RNAs in culture media could improve the efficiency of ET.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; n/a ; screening ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; predictive and preventive approach ; PTEN ; cell-free DNAs ; fetal fraction ; gestational hypertension ; RASSF1 ; CDH1 ; RT-PCR ; cfDNA ; statistical models ; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ; NanoString ; solid organ transplantation ; copy number variants ; sarcomas ; liquid biopsy ; obesity ; fetal DNA ; neutrophil extracellular traps ; mammography ; non-invasive prenatal testing ; ovarian cancer ; circulating miRNA ; pyrosequencing ; growth retardation ; preeclampsia ; gestational diabetes mellitus ; biomarker ; inflammatory bowel disease ; multi-level diagnostics ; PAX1 ; population study ; nuclease activity ; NETosis ; omics ; piRNA ; cell-free DNA ; prediction ; leiomyosarcomas ; network analysis ; NGS ; statistical methods ; circulating nucleic acids ; deletion/insertion polymorphism ; gender differences ; leiomyomas ; fetal growth restriction ; blood plasma ; exosomes ; miRNA ; pregnancy-related complications ; NIPT ; genetic marker ; cell-free nucleic acids ; extracellular vesicles ; expression ; next generation sequencing ; breast cancer ; individualized patient profile ; circulating tumor cells ; maternal serum screening ; personalized medicine ; embryo culture medium ; C19MC microRNA ; DNA ; cell-free RNAs ; z-score ; fetal cells ; microchimerism ; aging ; plasma ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
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  • 98
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Artificial intelligence is deeply involved in our daily lives via reinforcing the digital transformation of modern economies and infrastructure. It relies on powerful computing clusters, which face bottlenecks of power consumption for both data transmission and intensive computing. Meanwhile, optics (especially optical communications, which underpin today’s telecommunications) is penetrating short-reach connections down to the chip level, thus meeting with AI technology and creating numerous opportunities. This book is about the marriage of optics and AI and how each part can benefit from the other. Optics facilitates on-chip neural networks based on fast optical computing and energy-efficient interconnects and communications. On the other hand, AI enables efficient tools to address the challenges of today’s optical communication networks, which behave in an increasingly complex manner. The book collects contributions from pioneering researchers from both academy and industry to discuss the challenges and solutions in each of the respective fields.
    Keywords: light emitting diode ; nonlinearity estimation and compensation ; probabilistic Bayesian learning ; visible light communication ; digital signal processing ; support vector machines ; BCSVM ; nonlinear equalization ; coherent detection ; k-nearest neighbor algorithm ; modulation format identification ; OSNR monitoring ; neural networks ; optical communications ; optimization ; equalizer ; tap estimation ; optical Fast-OFDM ; nonlinearity compensation ; optical fiber communications ; chromatic dispersion ; short-reach communication ; neural network ; hybrid signal processing ; fiber optics communications ; coherent communications ; machine learning ; clustering ; nonlinearity cancellation ; entanglement ; charge qubit ; position-based semiconductor qubits ; cryogenic technologies ; semiconductor photon communication ; Jaynes–Cummings–Hubbard formalism ; deep neural networks ; volterra equalization ; nonlinear systems ; coherent optical communication ; passive optical networks ; nonlinear compensation ; optical transmission ; optical networks ; artificial intelligence ; quality of transmission ; optical performance monitoring ; failure management ; artificial neural networks ; deep neural network ; image classification ; photonic integrated circuits ; semiconductor optical amplifiers ; photonic neural network ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: The goal of this Special Issue, “Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pediatrics”, is to focus on the importance of pediatric nutrition with probiotics and prebiotics to improve gastrointestinal health in newborn, infants, and children.Specifically, the aim is to clarify if probiotics and prebiotics can influence gut microbiota composition and host-interaction favoring human health and preventing diseases.This new information will provide health care professionals with a widespread, clear and update evidence on probiotics and prebiotics and intestinal gut microbiota in pediatric care.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RJ1-570 ; non-IgE mediated allergy ; n/a ; randomized controlled trials ; infant ; “Probiotics”[Mesh] ; children ; safety ; therapeutic microbiology ; zinc ; prevention ; Lactobacillus ; cow’s milk protein ; constipation ; hepcidin ; infants ; Bifidobacterium ; Bifidobacterium breve ; allergy ; asthma ; functional abdominal pain disorders ; probiotic strain ; formula feeding ; probiotic ; nutritional programming ; 2?-fucosyllactose ; “Pregnancy”[Mesh] ; colic ; iron absorption ; bifidobacteria ; Newborn”[Mesh] ; breast feeding ; neonatal ; diversity ; acute diarrhea ; celiac disease ; human milk oligosaccharide ; acute gastroenteritis ; human milk oligosaccharides ; tolerance acquisition ; iron deficiency anemia ; infantile colic ; Lacto-N-neotetraose ; gluten free diet ; oligosaccharides ; preterm ; preterm infant ; microbial programming ; paediatrics ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; functional constipation ; protein hydrolyzed formulas ; oral rehydration solution ; gluten-free diet ; infant formula ; prebiotic ; Childhood Asthma Control Test ; microbiome ; intestinal transit time ; prebiotics ; sepsis ; probiotics ; microbiota ; “Infant ; lactobacilli ; human milk ; functional gastrointestinal disorders ; inulin ; fecal microbiota ; Bacillus clausii ; peak expiratory flow rate ; breast milk ; immunoglobulin E ; efficacy ; intestinal microbiota ; necrotizing enterocolitis ; pediatrics ; growth ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book is a collection of contributions to the Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time”. The research presented here aims to explore the origins of acoustics and examine the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena. Sounds have indeed accompanied human civilizations since the beginning of time, helping them to make sense of the world and to shape their cultures. Several key topics emerged, such as the acoustics of historical worship buildings, the acoustics of sites of archaeological interest, the acoustics of historical opera houses, and the topic of soundscapes as cultural intangible heritage. The book, as a whole, reflects the vibrant research activity around the “acoustics of the past”, which will hopefully be serve as a foundation for inspiring the future path of this discipline.
    Keywords: QC221-246 ; Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; military history ; choir space ; reverberation time ; n/a ; Lazarica church ; acoustic heritage ; shape optimisation ; Spanish cathedrals ; sound ; architectural heritage ; cathedral acoustics ; theatre ; ancient Greek theatre ; music ; EDT ; acoustics ; architectural conservation ; restoration ; archaeoacoustics ; Süleymaniye Mosque ; historic soundscapes ; cave ; history ; cultural heritage ; worship acoustics ; Hagia Sophia ; Stonehenge ; digital humanities ; medieval building ; Classical Era ; room acoustics ; reverberation ; general’s harangue ; open-air performance space ; speech intelligibility ; archives ; church acoustics ; opera house ; political theater ; historical structures ; archeoacoustics ; Julius Caesar ; scenery ; historical speeches ; soundscapes ; soundscape survey ; archaeology ; Chaco Canyon ; memorial ; York Minster ; heritage acoustics ; acoustic simulation ; Ancestral Puebloan ; clarity ; acoustic design ; sound mapping ; Berlin Wall
    Language: English
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