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  • Frontiers Media  (43)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2020-2023  (47)
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  • 2020  (47)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Marine macroalgae, seaweeds, are exceptionally prolific producers of halogenated natural products. Biosynthesis of halogenated molecules in seaweeds is inextricably linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as hydrogen peroxide serves as a substrate for haloperoxidase enzymes that participate in the construction these halogenated molecules. Here, using red macroalga Asparagopsis taxiformis, a prolific producer of the ozone depleting molecule bromoform, we provide the discovery and biochemical characterization of a ROS-producing NAD(P)H oxidase from seaweeds. This discovery was enabled by our sequencing of Asparagopsis genomes, in which we find the gene encoding the ROS-producing enzyme to be clustered with genes encoding bromoform-producing haloperoxidases. Biochemical reconstitution of haloperoxidase activities establishes that fatty acid biosynthesis can provide viable hydrocarbon substrates for bromoform production. The ROS production haloperoxidase enzymology that we describe here advances seaweed biology and biochemistry by providing the molecular basis for decades worth of physiological observations in ROS and halogenated natural product biosyntheses.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: Fusarium oxysporum is a destructive root-infecting plant pathogen that causes significant yield losses in many economically important crop species. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathogen infection strategies is needed. With liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry platforms, we analyzed the metabolic changes in a time-course experiment with Arabidopsis accessions either resistant (Col-0) or susceptible (Ler-0) to isolates of Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis matthioli infection. We showed a concurrent effect of Fusarium-derived polyols and the mycotoxin beauvericin in the suppression of the immune response of susceptible hosts. A significant increase in oxidized glutathione in the resistant host was probably associated with effective reactive oxygen species-mediated resistance responses. Through a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics, we demonstrated the concurrent action of several Arabidopsis defense systems as well as the concurrent action of several virulence systems in the fungal attack of susceptible Arabidopsis.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Yoshii, A., & Green, W. N. Editorial: role of protein palmitoylation in synaptic plasticity and neuronal differentiation. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, 12(27), (2020), doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00027.
    Description: Protein palmitoylation, the reversible addition of palmitate to proteins, is a dynamic post-translational modification. Both membrane (e.g., channels, transporters, and receptors) and cytoplasmic proteins (e.g., cell adhesion, scaffolding, cytoskeletal, and signaling molecules) are substrates. In mammals, palmitoylation is mediated by 23-24 palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), also called ZDHHCs for their catalytic aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine (DHCC) domain. PATs are integral membrane proteins found in cellular membranes. In the palmitoylation cycle, palmitate is removed by the depalmitoylation enzymes, acyl palmitoyl transferases (APT1 and 2), and α/β Hydrolase domain-containing protein 17 (ABHD17A-C). These are cytoplasmic proteins that are targeted to membranes where they are substrates for PATs. The second class of depalmitoylating enzymes are palmitoyl thioesterases, PPT1 and 2, discovered through their association with infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. These are secreted proteins found in the lumen of intracellular organelles, primarily lysosomes, where their function as depalmitoylating enzymes is unclear.
    Description: This work was supported by University of Illinois start-up fund (to AY) and NIH/NIDA (grant DA044760 to WG).
    Keywords: palmitoylation and depalmitoylation ; synaptic plasticity ; axonal growth ; lysosome ; neurodegenerative disease ; neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) ; Huntington disease
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Beam, J. P., Becraft, E. D., Brown, J. M., Schulz, F., Jarett, J. K., Bezuidt, O., Poulton, N. J., Clark, K., Dunfield, P. F., Ravin, N. V., Spear, J. R., Hedlund, B. P., Kormas, K. A., Sievert, S. M., Elshahed, M. S., Barton, H. A., Stott, M. B., Eisen, J. A., Moser, D. P., Onstott, T. C., Woyke, T., & Stepanauskas, R. Ancestral absence of electron transport chains in Patescibacteria and DPANN. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, (2020): 1848, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01848.
    Description: Recent discoveries suggest that the candidate superphyla Patescibacteria and DPANN constitute a large fraction of the phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria and Archaea. Their small genomes and limited coding potential have been hypothesized to be ancestral adaptations to obligate symbiotic lifestyles. To test this hypothesis, we performed cell–cell association, genomic, and phylogenetic analyses on 4,829 individual cells of Bacteria and Archaea from 46 globally distributed surface and subsurface field samples. This confirmed the ubiquity and abundance of Patescibacteria and DPANN in subsurface environments, the small size of their genomes and cells, and the divergence of their gene content from other Bacteria and Archaea. Our analyses suggest that most Patescibacteria and DPANN in the studied subsurface environments do not form specific physical associations with other microorganisms. These data also suggest that their unusual genomic features and prevalent auxotrophies may be a result of ancestral, minimal cellular energy transduction mechanisms that lack respiration, thus relying solely on fermentation for energy conservation.
    Description: This work was funded by the USA National Science Foundation grants 1441717, 1826734, and 1335810 (to RS); and 1460861 (REU site at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences). RS was also supported by the Simons Foundation grant 510023. TW, FS, and JJ were funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR group was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 19-14-00245). SS was funded by USA National Science Foundation grants OCE-0452333 and OCE-1136727. BH was funded by NASA Exobiology grant 80NSSC17K0548.
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Archaea ; evolution ; genomics fermentation ; respiration ; oxidoreductases
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Coenen, A. R., Hu, S. K., Luo, E., Muratore, D., & Weitz, J. S. A primer for microbiome time-series analysis. Frontiers in Genetics, 11, (2020): 310, doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00310.
    Description: Time-series can provide critical insights into the structure and function of microbial communities. The analysis of temporal data warrants statistical considerations, distinct from comparative microbiome studies, to address ecological questions. This primer identifies unique challenges and approaches for analyzing microbiome time-series. In doing so, we focus on (1) identifying compositionally similar samples, (2) inferring putative interactions among populations, and (3) detecting periodic signals. We connect theory, code and data via a series of hands-on modules with a motivating biological question centered on marine microbial ecology. The topics of the modules include characterizing shifts in community structure and activity, identifying expression levels with a diel periodic signal, and identifying putative interactions within a complex community. Modules are presented as self-contained, open-access, interactive tutorials in R and Matlab. Throughout, we highlight statistical considerations for dealing with autocorrelated and compositional data, with an eye to improving the robustness of inferences from microbiome time-series. In doing so, we hope that this primer helps to broaden the use of time-series analytic methods within the microbial ecology research community.
    Description: This work was supported by the Simons Foundation (SCOPE award ID 329108) and the National Science Foundation (NSF Bio Oc 1829636).
    Keywords: Microbial ecology ; Time-series analysis ; Marine microbiology ; Inference ; Clustering ; Periodicity ; Code:R ; Code:matlab
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ciarletta, D. J., Lorenzo-Trueba, J., & Ashton, A. D. Interaction of sea-level pulses with periodically retreating barrier islands. Frontiers in Earth Science, 7, (2019): 279, doi: 10.3389/feart.2019.00279.
    Description: Submerged barrier deposits preserved on continental shelf seabeds provide a record of paleocoastal environmental change from the last glacial maximum through the Holocene. The formation of these offshore deposits is often attributed to intermittent periods of rapidly rising sea levels, especially glacial meltwater pulses, which are expected to lead to partial or complete drowning – overstepping – of migrating barrier islands. However, recent cross-shore modeling and field evidence suggests that even for constant sea-level rise and shelf slope, the internal dynamics of migrating barriers could plausibly drive periodic retreat accompanied by autogenic partial overstepping and deposition of barrier sediment. We hypothesize that the interaction of periodic retreat with changes in external (allogenic) forcing from sea-level rise may create novel retreat responses and corresponding relict barrier deposits. Specifically, we posit that autogenic deposits can be amplified by an increased rate of relative sea-level rise, while in other cases internal dynamics can disrupt or mask the production of allogenic deposits. Here, we model barriers through a range of autogenic–allogenic interactions, exploring how barriers with different inherent autogenic periods respond to discrete, centennial-scale sea-level-rise pulses of variable magnitude and timing within the autogenic transgressive barrier cycle. Our results demonstrate a diversity of depositional signals, where production of relict sands is amplified or suppressed depending on both the barrier’s internal dynamic state and the pulse magnitude. We also show that millennial-scale autogenic periodicity renders barriers vulnerable to complete drowning for relatively low pulse rates of rise (〈15 mm/year).
    Description: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1518503, and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund under Grant No. 58817-DNI8 awarded to JL-T; the views presented herein are solely those of the authors and not of the NSF or the ACS PRF.
    Keywords: Barrier island ; Autogenic ; Modeling ; Sea level ; Holocene ; Meltwater pulse ; Overstepping
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kharbush, J. J., Close, H. G., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Arnosti, C., Smittenberg, R. H., Le Moigne, F. A. C., Mollenhauer, G., Scholz-Boettcher, B., Obreht, I., Koch, B. P., Becker, K. W., Iversen, M. H., & Mohr, W. Particulate organic carbon deconstructed: molecular and chemical composition of particulate organic carbon in the ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 518, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00518.
    Description: The dynamics of the particulate organic carbon (POC) pool in the ocean are central to the marine carbon cycle. POC is the link between surface primary production, the deep ocean, and sediments. The rate at which POC is degraded in the dark ocean can impact atmospheric CO2 concentration. Therefore, a central focus of marine organic geochemistry studies is to improve our understanding of POC distribution, composition, and cycling. The last few decades have seen improvements in analytical techniques that have greatly expanded what we can measure, both in terms of organic compound structural diversity and isotopic composition, and complementary molecular omics studies. Here we provide a brief overview of the autochthonous, allochthonous, and anthropogenic components comprising POC in the ocean. In addition, we highlight key needs for future research that will enable us to more effectively connect diverse data sources and link the identity and structural diversity of POC to its sources and transformation processes.
    Description: We thank the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies (HWK) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) project number 422798570, as well as the Geochemical Society, for funding which made the workshop possible. CA was additionally supported by OCE-1736772. BV was additionally supported by NSF OCE-1756254.
    Keywords: Marine particles ; Water column ; Phytoplankton ; Marine microbes ; Structural analysis ; Organic matter characterization ; Biomarkers
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bond, R. J., Hansel, C. M., & Voelker, B. M. Heterotrophic bacteria exhibit a wide range of rates of extracellular production and decay of hydrogen peroxide. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 72, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00072.
    Description: Bacteria have been implicated as both a source and sink of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a reactive oxygen species which can both impact microbial growth and participate in the geochemical cycling of trace metals and carbon in natural waters. In this study, simultaneous H2O2 production and decay by twelve species of heterotrophic bacteria were evaluated in both batch and flow-through incubations. While wide species-to-species variability of cell-normalized H2O2 decay rate coefficients [2 × 10–8 to 5 × 10–6 hr–1 (cell mL–1)–1] was observed, these rate coefficients were relatively consistent for a given bacterial species. By contrast, observed production rates (below detection limit to 3 × 102 amol cell–1 hr–1) were more variable even for the same species. Variations based on incubation conditions in some bacterial strains suggest that external conditions may impact extracellular H2O2 levels either through increased extracellular production or leakage of intracellular H2O2. Comparison of H2O2 production rates to previously determined superoxide (O2–) production rates suggests that O2– and H2O2 production are not necessarily linked. Rates measured in this study indicate that bacteria could account for a majority of H2O2 decay observed in aqueous systems but likely only make a modest contribution to dark H2O2 production.
    Description: This research was supported by NSF grant OCE-1131734/1246174 to BV and CH.
    Keywords: Reactive oxygen species ; Hydrogen peroxide ; Heterotrophic bacteria ; H2O2 production ; H2O2 decomposition
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Bejannin, S., Tamborski, J. J., van Beek, P., Souhaut, M., Stieglitz, T., Radakovitch, O., Claude, C., Conan, P., Pujo-Pay, M., Crispi, O., Le Roy, E., & Estournel, C. Nutrient fluxes associated with submarine groundwater discharge from karstic coastal aquifers (Côte Bleue, French Mediterranean coastline). Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7, (2020): 205, doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00205.
    Description: Determination of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from karstic coastal aquifers is important to constrain hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, SGD quantification using commonly employed geochemical methods can be difficult to constrain under the presence of large riverine inputs, and is further complicated by the determination of the karstic groundwater endmember. Here, we investigated a coastal region where groundwater discharges from a karstic aquifer system using airborne thermal infrared mapping and geochemical sampling conducted along offshore transects. We report radium data (223Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra) that we used to derive fluxes (water, nutrients) associated with terrestrial groundwater discharge and/or seawater circulation through the nearshore permeable sediments and coastal aquifer. Field work was conducted at different periods of the year to study the temporal variability of the chemical fluxes. Offshore transects of 223Ra and 224Ra were used to derive horizontal eddy diffusivity coefficients that were subsequently combined with surface water nutrient gradients (NO2− + NO3−, DSi) to determine the net nutrient fluxes from SGD. The estimated DSi and (NO2− + NO3−) fluxes are 6.2 ± 5.0 *103 and 4.0 ± 2.0 *103 mol d−1 per km of coastline, respectively. We attempted to further constrain these SGD fluxes by combining horizontal eddy diffusivity and 228Ra gradients. However, SGD endmember selection in this area (terrestrial groundwater discharge vs. porewater) adds further uncertainty to the flux calculation and thus prevented us from calculating a reliable flux using this latter method. Additionally, the relatively long half-life of 228Ra (5.75 y) makes it sensitive to specific circulation patterns in this coastal region, including sporadic intrusions of Rhône river waters that impact both the 228Ra and nutrient surface water distributions. We show that SGD nutrient fluxes locally reach up to 20 times the nutrient fluxes from a small river (Huveaune River). On a regional scale, DSi fluxes driven by SGD vary between 0.1 and 1.4% of the DSi inputs of the Rhône River, while the (NO2− + NO3−) fluxes driven by SGD on this 22 km long coastline are between 0.1 and 0.3% of the Rhône River inputs, the largest river that discharges into the Mediterranean Sea. Interestingly, the nutrient fluxes reported here are similar in magnitude compared with the fluxes quantified along the sandy beach of La Franqui, in the western Gulf of Lions (Tamborski et al., 2018), despite the different lithology of the two areas (karst systems vs. unconsolidated sediment).
    Description: The Ph.D. thesis fellowship of SB and the postdoctoral fellowship of JT were supported by FEDER funded by Europe and Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée (SELECT project). This project was funded by (i) ANR-MED-SGD (ANR-15-CE01-0004; PB) and (ii) CNES for funding the airborne TIR images acquired in 2012 as part of the Geomether project (PI: Pascal Allemand, PB being responsible for the acquisition of TIR images in that project).
    Keywords: Submarine groundwater discharge ; Mediterranean sea ; Radium isotopes ; Thermal infrared remote sensing ; Nutrient fluxes ; GEOTRACES
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gawarkiewicz, G., Chen, K., Forsyth, J., Bahr, F., Mercer, A. M., Ellertson, A., Fratantoni, P., Seim, H., Haines, S., & Han, L. Characteristics of an advective Marine Heatwave in the Middle Atlantic Bight in early 2017. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, (2019): 712, doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00712.
    Description: There has been wide interest in Marine Heatwaves and their ecological consequences in recent years. Most analyses have focused on remotely sensed sea surface temperature data due to the temporal and spatial coverage it provides in order to establish the presence and duration of Heatwaves. Using hydrographic data from a variety of sources, we show that an advective Marine Heatwave was initiated by an event in late December of 2016 south of New England, with temperature anomalies measuring up to 6°C and salinity anomalies exceeding 1 PSU. Similar features were observed off of New Jersey in February 2017, and are associated with the Shelfbreak Front migrating from its normal position to mid-shelf or further onshore. Shelf water of 34 PSU was observed just north of Cape Hatteras at the 30 m isobath and across the continental shelf in late April 2017. These observations reveal that the 2017 Marine Heatwave was associated with a strong positive salinity anomaly, that its total duration was approximately 4 months, and its advective path extended roughly 850 km along the length of the continental shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight. The southward advective velocity implied by the arrival north of Cape Hatteras is consistent with previous estimates of alongshelf velocity for the region. The origin of this Marine Heatwave is likely related to cross-shelf advection driven by the presence of a Warm Core Ring adjacent to the shelfbreak south of New England.
    Description: GG was supported by the van Beuren Charitable Foundation, the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-1657853 and OCE-1558521 as well as a Senior Scientist Chair from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. KC was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants OCE-1558960 and OCE-1634094. JF was supported by the National Science Foundation OCE-1634094. AM and AE were supported by the van Beuren Charitable Foundation. HS, SH, and LH were supported by the National Science Foundation OCE-1558920.
    Keywords: Heatwave ; Middle Atlantic Bight ; Shelfbreak front ; Warm core ring ; Coastal ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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