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  • 1
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    Denudation Rate Changes Along a Fast‐Eroding Mountainous River With Slate Headwaters in Taiwan From 10Be (Meteoric)/9Be Ratios (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-05
    Description: Abstract The novel 10Be (meteoric)/9Be system, where 10Be is delivered by precipitation and stable 9Be is released by weathering, provides denudation rates over weathering‐erosion timescales. The new tool is applicable to quartz‐poor lithologies, for example, mafic rock and claystone, which are not readily accessible by the commonly used in situ‐produced 10Be in quartz. We provide a first application of this proxy to a tectonically active mountainous river, the Zhuoshui River in Taiwan. Taiwan Rivers supply a disproportionately high suspended and dissolved flux to the oceans and are often underlain by fine‐grained shale/slate. 10Be (meteoric)/9Be‐derived denudation rates (Dmet) from the Zhuoshui Catchment are highest in the slate‐dominated headwaters (4–8 mm/year), and much lower (1–2 mm/year) along the midlower reaches with mixed lithologies. At the basin‐wide scale, we find a poor correlation between Dmet and basin‐averaged channel steepness despite a small climatic gradient. Because large lithological heterogeneities exist in this basin, we invoke a lithological effect to explain this poor correlation. Relying on a revised stream power incision model that incorporates rock erodibility, the resulting lithology‐ and runoff‐adjusted ksn (kLrsn) can be reconciled with denudation rates with the highest erodibility predicted to prevail in the Miocene slate of low metamorphic grade and high fracture density. This model suggests that the lithological heterogeneity can alter the coupling between surface denudation and channel morphology. On a broader perspective, the successful application of the 10Be (meteoric)/9Be proxy shows its applicability as a tracer for erosion and sediment transport processes in fast‐eroding mountain belts underlain by slate lithologies.
    Description: Key Points 10Be (meteoric)/9Be ratios quantify fast denudation of slate regions in Taiwan Topographic metrics and denudation rates show different spatial patterns Lithologic variability alters coupling between denudation rates and ksn, based on a revised stream power model including rock erodibility
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin‐China Scholarship Council PhD Program
    Description: National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
    Keywords: ddc:551.3
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Cold-pool-driven convective initiation: using causal graph analysis to determine what convection-permitting models are missing (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Cold-pool-driven convective initiation is investigated in high-resolution, convection-permitting simulations with a focus on the diurnal cycle and organization of convection and the sensitivity to grid size. Simulations of four different days over Germany were performed using the ICON-LEM model with grid sizes from 156 to 625 m. In these simulations, we identify cold pools, cold-pool boundaries and initiated convection. Convection is triggered much more efficiently in the vicinity of cold pools than in other regions and can provide as much as 50% of total convective initiation, in particular in the late afternoon. By comparing different model resolutions, we find that cold pools are more frequent, smaller and less intense in lower-resolution simulations. Furthermore, their gust fronts are weaker and less likely to trigger new convection. To identify how model resolution affects this triggering probability, we use a linear causal graph analysis. In doing so, we postulate a graph structure with potential causal pathways and then apply multi-linear regression accordingly. We find a dominant, systematic effect: reducing grid sizes directly reduces upward mass flux at the gust front, which causes weaker triggering probabilities. These findings are expected to be even more relevant for km-scale, numerical weather prediction models. We thus expect that a better representation of cold-pool-driven convective initiation will improve forecasts of convective precipitation.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    An evaluation of operational and research weather forecasts for southern West Africa using observations from the DACCIWA field campaign in June–July 2016 (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: Reliable and accurate weather forecasts, particularly those of rainfall and its extremes, have the potential to improve living conditions in densely populated southern West Africa (SWA). The limited availability of observations has long impeded a rigorous evaluation of current state-of-the-art forecast models. The field campaign of the Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) project in June–July 2016 has created an unprecedentedly dense set of measurements from surface stations and radiosondes. Here we present results from a comprehensive evaluation of both numerical model forecasts and satellite products using these data on a regional and local level. Results reveal a substantial observational uncertainty showing considerable underestimations in satellite estimates of rainfall and low-cloud cover with little correlation at the local scale. Models have a dry bias of 0.1–1.9 mm·day−1 in rainfall and too low column relative humidity. They tend to underestimate low clouds, leading to excess surface solar radiation of 43 W·m−2. Remarkably, most models show some skill in representing regional modulations of rainfall related to synoptic-scale disturbances, while local variations in rainfall and cloudiness are hardly captured. Slightly better results are found with respect to temperature and for the post-onset rather than for the pre-onset period. Delicate local features such as the Maritime Inflow phenomenon are also rather poorly represented, leading to too cool, dry and cloudy conditions at the coast. Differences between forecast days 1 and 2 are relatively small and hardly systematic, suggesting a relatively quick error saturation. Using explicit convection leads to more realistic spatial variability in rainfall, but otherwise no marked improvement. Future work should aim at improving the subtle balance between the diurnal cycles of low clouds, surface radiation, the boundary layer and convection. Further efforts are also needed to improve the observational system beyond field campaign periods.
    Keywords: ddc:551.6
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The generalized Ekman model for the tropical cyclone boundary layer revisited: The myth of inertial stability as a restoring force (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: We revisit the linear boundary-layer approximation that expresses a generalized Ekman balance and use it to clarify a range of interpretations in the previous literature on the tropical cyclone boundary layer. Some of these interpretations relate to the reasons for inflow in the boundary layer and others relate to the presumed effects of inertial stability on boundary-layer dynamics. Inertial stability has been invoked, for example, to explain aspects of boundary-layer behaviour, including the frontogenetic nature of the boundary layer and its relationship to vortex spin-up. Our analysis exposes the fallacy of invoking inertial stability as a resistance to radial inflow in the boundary layer. The analysis shows also that the nonlinear acceleration terms become comparable to the linear Coriolis acceleration terms in relatively narrow vortices that are inertially stable above the boundary layer. Estimates of the nonlinear accelerations using the linear solutions are expected to underestimate the actual contribution in a nonlinear boundary-layer model, cautioning against neglecting the nonlinear terms in diagnostic or prognostic models.
    Keywords: ddc:551.5
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Bodenkundliche Anforderungen an die Neuanlage oder Erweiterung von Friedhöfen (2020)
    Landesamt für Geologie und Bergbau Rheinland-Pfalz, Mainz
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Ziel des vorliegenden Heftes ist es, den Planungsbehörden und Gutachterbüros Informationen zum Thema „Eignung von Böden für Begräbnisstätten“ zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das Heft wendet sich somit an Personen, die sich direkt oder indirekt mit der Erweiterung oder Neuanlage von Friedhöfen, Friedwäldern oder Tierfriedhöfen beschäftigen. Es soll als Richtschnur für Gutachten, z. B. durch Ingenieur- und Baugrundbüros sowie bodenkundliche Sachverständige, aber auch als Informationsschrift für Zuständige in den Verwaltungen dienen.
    Description: manual
    Keywords: ddc:630 ; ddc:360
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book , publishedVersion
    Format: 36
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  • 6
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    Die IPS/DGMT Convention vom 13. bis 15. Mai 2019 in Bremen (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: commemorativepublication
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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  • 7
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    Prof. Dr. Robert Krisai von Havala, Herr von Ramocsa (2020)
    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Ein Nachruf über einen ausgewiesenen Kenner und unermüdlichen Retter von Moorgebieten samt deren Moosen und Moorpflanzen
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Das Satrupholmer Moor im Kreis Schleswig- Flensburg – Eine Schatzkammer der Mittelsteinzeit als Konfliktfeld – Plädoyer für eine engere Zusammenarbeit von Bodendenkmalpflege und Naturschutz (2020)
    In:  DGMT
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Das Satrupholmer Moor im zentralen Angeln gehört zu den bedeutendsten Fundlandschaften mit Siedlungsplätzen des späten Mesolithikums in Schleswig-Holstein. Rund um die Uferbereiche des ehemali- gen Seebeckens, aus dem das Moor sich entwickelte, liegen Fundstellen der Mittelsteinzeit. Durch eine Kombination aus Torfüberdeckung und Kalkausfällungen aus den umliegenden Jungmoränenkuppen bietet das Moor hervorragende Erhaltungsbedingungen für organisches Material. Seine verschiedenen Fundplätze erbrachten Jahrtausende alte Geweihgeräte, Tierknochen und sogar Holzfunde. Ein besonders bedeutender Fundplatz, in der Landesaufnahme als Satrup LA2 geführt, liegt am Nordufer des Moores. Dieser Fundplatz ist seit den 1920er Jahren bekannt und wurde mehrfach in Teilbereichen untersucht. Im Jahr 2016 wurde ein großer Teil des Fundplatzes durch eine Ausgleichsmaßnahme der Stiftung Naturschutz Schleswig-Holstein, die ohne Abstimmung mit dem Archäologischen Landes- amt Schleswig-Holstein durchgeführt wurde, versehentlich zerstört. Im Zuge notwendig gewordener Rettungsgrabungen konnten neue Erkenntnisse zur Lebensweise der Jäger und Sammler der späten Mittelsteinzeit und zur Landschaftsgeschichte vor Ort gewonnen werden.
    Description: The Satrupholm Fen in central Angeln is one of the most important landscapes with archaeological settlement sites of the late Mesolithic in Schleswig-Holstein. All around the shore areas of the former lake basin, from which the bog developed, sites from the Mesolithic period exist. Due to a combi- nation of peat cover and lime precipitation from the surrounding young moraine crests, the bog offers outstanding conditions for the preservation of organic material. Its various sites have yielded antler implements, animal bones and even wooden finds thousands of years old. A particularly important site, listed in the archaeological survey as Satrup LA2, is located on the northern bank of the bog. This site has been known since the 1920s and has been investigated since then several times. In 2016, a large part of the site was destroyed by a compensation measure of the Foundation for Nature Conservation of Schleswig-Holstein, which was carried out without coordination with the State Archaeological Office Schleswig-Holstein. In the course of the necessary rescue excavation, however, new knowledge about the subsistence of hunters and gatherers of the late Mesolithic period and the landscape history on site could be gathered.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Ergänzende Vermerke in Bezug auf meinen Artikel in TELMA 47 über „Grundlagen zur Wasserbewegung nach Darcy in Moor und Torf“ (2020)
    In:  DGMT | ZA 34278
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Gesetz von Darcy wird die Richtung des Drucks mit „+“ und „–“definiert. Diese mathematischen Operatoren bedeuten keine Zahlenwerte, da die Richtung eine trigonometrische Funktion darstellt. Die Transmissivität kann aus dem Gesetz von Darcy nicht abgeleitet werden; ein anderweitiger Beweis fehlt. Das Einfügen der Energiedichte ψ in das Gesetz von Darcy ist falsch, da die Einheiten nicht bilanzierbar sind. Mathematisch ist das lineare Gesetz von Darcy ein Spezialfall des galilei-/newton- schen Fallgesetzes.
    Description: In the Darcy’s law, the direction of the pressure gradient is defined by „+“ and „–“. These mathematical signs may also represent mathematical operators, but not here. It is not possible to derive the transmis- sivity from the Darcy’s law; another prove does not exist. The introduction of the density of energy ψ in Darcy’s law is wrong, because it is impossible to balance the units. The linear law of Darcy is math- ematically a special case of the Galileian/Newtonian law of gravitation.
    Description: https://doi.org/10.23689/fidgeo-2937
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Bodenhydrologische Langzeitentwicklung einer Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur im oberen Rhinluch (2020)
    FID GEO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-23
    Description: Im Zuge eines Pilotprojektes wurde 1988 eine flachgründige, sandunterlagerte Niedermoorfläche im oberen Rhinluch durch die Maßnahme der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur (TSDK) umgestaltet. Eine wissenschaftliche Fragestellung war, wie sich unterschiedliche Torfanteile in der Sanddecke (0, 5, 10, 15 % organische Bodensubstanz) im späteren Pflughorizont (0-30 cm) auf die Standorteigenschaften auswirken. Seither wurde die Fläche als Acker genutzt. Etwa 30 Jahre nach Durchführung der Maßnahme wurde die Langzeitentwicklung der organischen Bodensubstanz im Pflughorizont und der bodenhydrologischen Standorteigenschaften auf der Basis von Feld- (Saugspannung, Grundwasserflurabstand) und Labormessungen (Kohlenstoff, Glühverlust, Wasserretentionskurve, hydraulische Leitfähigkeitsfunktion, Trockenrohdichte) untersucht. Die Gehalte an organischer Bodensubstanz der TSDK Varianten haben sich im Oberboden nahezu angeglichen und variierten 2019 zwischen 3,8 und 5,6 %. Die Streuung der Einzelwerte hat gegenüber 1988 stark abgenommen. Hydraulische Hemmnisse bestehen auf der TSDK nicht. Die Bodenwasserspeicherung im Pflughorizont und Unterboden ist ausreichend und in Verbindung mit der guten Kapillarität sind Acker- und Grünlandkulturen zu jeder Zeit ausreichend mit Wasser versorgt, auch wenn die Grundwasserflurabstände in Ausnahmen unter 1 m absinken würden. Auf den 0-Varianten unter Gras- und Ackernutzung hat sich der Anteil der organischen Bodensubstanz fast halbiert und liegt 2019 an der Grenze zum Anmoor. Das bestätigen auch die Wasserretentionsfunktionen und die Trockenrohdichte. Zusammenfassend kann 30 Jahre nach Einrichtung der Tiefpflug-Sanddeckkultur in Ziethenhorst (Rhinluch) geschlussfolgert werden, dass die Zielsetzung, aus einem flachgründigen, vermulmten Moorstandort einen hochleistungsfähigen Ackerstandort zu schaffen, erreicht wurde.
    Description: research
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:553.21
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:article , publishedVersion
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