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  • 1
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    Lithospheric-scale 3D model of the Southern Central Andes (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-05
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Central Andean orogeny is caused by the subduction of the Nazca oceanic plate beneath the South-American continental plate. In Particular, the Southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°-40°S) are characterized by a strong N-S and E-W variation in the crustal deformation style and intensity. Despite being the surface geology relatively well known, the information on the deep structure of the upper plate in terms of its thickness and density configurations is still scarcely constrained. Previous seismic studies have focused on the crustal structure of the northern part of the SCA (~27°-33°S) based upon 2D cross-sections, while 3D crustal models centred on the South-American or the Nazca Plate have been published with lower resolution. To gain insight into the present-day state of the lithosphere in the area, we derived a 3D model that is consistent with both the available geological and seismic data and with the observed gravity field. The model consists on a continental plate with sediments, a two-layer crust and the lithospheric mantle being subducted by an oceanic plate. The model extension covers an area of 700 km x 1100 km, including the orogen, the forearc and the forelands.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Different data sets were integrated to derive the lithospheric features: - We used the global relief model of ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins 2009) for the topography and bathymetry. - The sub-surface structures were defined by integrating seismically constrained models, including the South-American crustal thickness of Assumpção et al. (2013; model A; 0.5 degree resolution), the sediment thickness of CRUST1 (Laske et al. 2013) and the slab geometry of SLAB2 (Hayes et al. 2018). - Additionally, we included seismic reflection and refraction profiles performed on the Chile margin (Araneda et al. 2003; Contreras-Reyes et al. 2008, 2014, 2015; Flueh et al. 1998; Krawzyk et al. 2006; Moscoso et al. 2011; Sick et al. 2006; Von Huene et al. 1997). - Besides, we used sediment thickness maps from the intracontinental basin database ICONS (6 arc minute resolution, Heine 2007) and two oceanic sediment compilations: one along the southern trench axis (Völker et al. 2013) and another of global-scale (GlobSed; Straume et al. 2019). To build the interfaces between the main lithospheric features, we compiled and interpolated these datasets on a regular grid with a surface resolution of 25 km. For that purpose, the convergent algorithm of the software Petrel was used. We assigned constant densities within each layer, except for the lithospheric mantle. In this case, we implemented a heterogeneous distribution by converting s-wave velocities from the SL2013sv seismic tomography (Schaeffer and Lebedev 2013) to densities. The python tool VelocityConversion was used for the conversion (Meeßen 2017). To further constrain the crustal structure of the upper plate, a gravity forward modelling was carried out using IGMAS+ (Schmidt et al. 2010). The gravity anomaly from the model (calculated gravity) was compared to the free-air anomaly from the global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 (observed gravity; Förste et al 2014; Ince et al. 2019). Subsequently, the crystalline crust of the upper plate was split vertically into two layers of different densities. We inverted the residual between calculated and observed gravity to compute the depth to the interface between the two crustal layers. For the inverse modelling of the gravity residual, the Python package Fatiando a Terra was used (Uieda et al. 2013) For each layer, the depth to the top surface, thickness and density can be found as separate files. All files contain identical columns: - Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; - depth to the top surface as "Top (m.a.s.l)" and - thickness of each layer as "Thickness (m)". The header ‘Density’ indicates the bulk density of each unit in kg/m3. For the oceanic and continental mantle units, a separate file is provided with a regular grid of the density distribution with a lateral resolution of 8 km x 9 km and a vertical resolution of 5 km. The containing columns are: Northing as "X Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; Easting as "Y Coord (UTM zone 19S)"; depth as "Depth (m.a.s.l)" and density as "Density (kg/m3)"
    Keywords: Lithosphere ; Gravity Modelling ; Andes ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 TOPOGRAPHY 〉 TOPOGRAPHICAL RELIEF ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY 〉 BATHYMETRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 2
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    Geophysical Borehole logging at Santa Gracia, Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-18
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG funded DeepEarthshape project within the SPP1803 EarthShape (second phase) combines several geoscientific methods and approaches to study the weathering zone in detail in dependence of climate conditions. Projects of the first phase have shown that the weathering zone is much deeper than expected, so that the weathering front was never encountered in the excavated soil pits. At depth of 1 – 2 m appreciable amounts of microbial biomass and DNA counts were encountered. It was further found that bacteria and archaea colonizing rock surfaces are close relatives to those from deeper soil zones. Because we do not know a) the depth of weathering; b) the process advancing it; c) whether this advance is driven by water, gases, and/or biological activity and concentrated along faults; d) whether this zone presents a habitat and interacts with the surface biosphere, we have designed a drilling campaign at all four study sites for joint geochemical, biogeochemical and microbiological exploration and a geophysical campaign for imaging the depth and physical properties of the critical zone. The principle hypotheses of the DeepEarthshape projects are: 1) The advance of the weathering front at depth is a recent process that is linked to climate and coupled with erosion at the surface through a biogeochemical feedback 2) Microbial activity in the deep regolith that advances weathering is fuelled by young organic matter. The four study sites are distributed along the coast of Chile to have a similar geological setting at one hand but different climatic conditions. Here we present the logging data of the first geophysical borehole survey which took place at Santa Gracia, 40 km NE of La Serena (Coquimbo Region, Chile). The data were acquired on the 2nd of April 2019 between . The borehole logging was conducted by COMPROBE. The vertical borehole reached down to 87.2 m depth and had a diameter (PQ) of 83.5 mm.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Acoustic Televiewer data are freely accessible now in .dlis and PDF formats. The original data files are embargoed until the 30 June 2022.
    Keywords: geophysical borehole logging ; televiewer ; Full seismic wave fields ; electrical resistivity ; gamma ray ; spontaneous potential ; single point resistance ; seismic p wave velocities ; seismic s wave velocities ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Recorders/Loggers 〉 WELL LOGGING TOOLS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 3
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    DESTRESS - soft stimulation treatments of geothermal reservoirs, Iceland (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2022-01-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Near Reykjavik/Iceland, a "soft stimulation” geothermal experiment was performed in the frame of the DESTRESS project in 2019. The installed seismic stations consist of short period, and borehole stations in and around Geldinganes, NE of Reykjavik. The task of this network is the monitoring of the seismic events in the area around the stimulation site. The installation started in late 2018 with 6 short period stations (Reykjavik Energy). Since July 2019 additional seismic stations were integrated as a small scale array on the island Geldinganes and additional short period stations. A borehole geophone chain was installed with 17 short period 3-component geophones with a vertical spacing of 10 meter in the depth interval 1040m to 1200 m. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code YG, and are embargoed until November 2025.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
    Type: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: ~500G
    Format: SEED data
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  • 4
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    Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography of 17 analogue experiments c passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tectonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is found in Zwaan et al. 2019 and 2020a-b, and references therein. The experiments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was applied by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when enhanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run. Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at understanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, whereas up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming at reproducing the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020c) to which these data are supplementary.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; Rifting ; Passive margin ; antiform ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 folding ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; flexure/buckle ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; plateau ; rift valley ; rifting ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate spreading center setting
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
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    The Pan-Alpine gravity database 2020 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data publication is a new compilation of land gravity data expressing the Earth’s gravitational acceleration field on the broader area of the European Alps. The dataset is based on national databases from 10 countries, but surmounts any barriers related to national reference systems. The input to this dataset is the largest Alpine compilation of point-wise data on land ever, and also includes marine data in adjacent regions in the Mediterranean Sea. Following quality control, this represents a total of 349’938 terrestrial gravity points and about 700’000 marine stations. Only such a dataset allows to investigate the Alpine orogen from shallow (sedimentary) to large (mantle) depths, which is among the primary goals of the AlpArray science program. Broad effort to collect all existing, public and private, point-based gravity data in the area of interest: 2-23°E, 41-51°N. The final, published grids are shared with the community on a 4*4 km2 grid; the results on 2*2 km2 grid are available upon request and approval from the group. We developed and fine-tuned an approach in which all raw data could be processed in the same, homogeneous way. Outliers were discarded. Full details are given in the reference publication (Zahorec et al., 2020).
    Keywords: AlpArray ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
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    Site characterization of the PIER-ICDP drill holes by imaging the subsurface electrical conductivity structure: local and regional structure beneath Mýtina and Neualbenreuth Maar (ConeEM) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The West Bohemian Massif as part of the geodynamically active European Cenozoic Rift System is characterised by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle. A series of phenomena such as massive degassing of CO2 and repeated earthquake swarms make the Eger Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. The ICDP project "Drilling the Eger Rift" was funded to study the field of earthquake-fluid-rock-biosphere interaction. In the framework of this ICDP project, magnetotelluric (MT) experiments have been conducted to image the subsurface distribution of the electrical conductivity down to depths of several tens of kilometres as the electrical conductivity is particularly sensitive to the presence of high-conductive phases such as aqueous fluids, partial melts or metallic compounds. Based on recent MT experiments in 2015/2016, Munoz et al. (2018) presented 2D images of the electrical conductivity structure along a NS profile across the Eger Rift. It reveals a conductive channel at the earthquake swarm region that extend from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids up to the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of the model. Due to the given station setup along a profile, the resulting 2D inversion allows ambiguous interpretations of this feature. As 3D inversion is required to distinguish between the different interpretations, we conducted another MT field experiment at the end of 2018. This data publication (10.5880/GIPP-MT. 201810 .1) encompasses a detailed report in pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: Magnetotelluric ; West Bohemian Massif ; Eger Rift ; ICDP project “Drilling the Eger Rift” ; Conductive channel ; Fluids ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
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  • 7
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    MT_ANT2 - Magnetotelluric Measurements Around Neumayer Station III, Antarctica (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Magnetotellurics (MT) is a geophysical deep sounding tool that can help decipher the deep hydrology and geology of Antarctica, in concert with more established and already applied geophysical methods, such as seismology, gravity, and magnetics. Electrical conductivity is an important physical parameter to identify properties of rocks and, perhaps more importantly, constituents within, such as fluids or mineralisation.The unique conditions of Antarctica, which is largely covered with ice cause technical issues, particularly with the electric field recordings, as highly resistive snow and ice at surface of Antarctica hampers contact of the E-field sensors (telluric electrodes) with the ground. The project was a feasibility study to address this principal problem and to test modified MT equipment of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) in the vicinity of the Neumayer Station III (NMIII) on the Ekström Ice Shelfon.This data publication encompasses a detailed report in .pdf format with a description of the project, information on the experimental setup, data collection, instrumentation used, recording configuration and data quality. The folder structure and content of the data repository are described in detail in Ritter et al. (2019). Time-series data are provided in EMERALD format (Ritter et al., 2015).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: Magnetotelluric ; Feasibility Study ; Antarctica ; Ekström Ice Shelf ; Grunehogna craton ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD 〉 GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Probes
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  • 8
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    3D-ALPS-TR: A 3D thermal and rheological model of the Alpine lithosphere (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-22
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Despite the amount of research focused on the Alpine orogen, significant unknowns remain regarding the thermal field and long term lithospheric strength in the region. Previous published interpretations of these features primarily concern a limited number of 2D cross sections, and those that represent the region in 3D typically do not conform to measured data such as wellbore or seismic measurements. However, in the light of recently published higher resolution region specific 3D geophysical models, that conform to secondary data measurements, the generation of a more up to date revision of the thermal field and long term lithospheric yield strength is made possible, in order to shed light on open questions of the state of the orogen. The study area of this work focuses on a region of 660 km x 620 km covering the vast majority of the Alps and their forelands, with the Central and Eastern Alps and the northern foreland being the best covered regions.
    Keywords: Alps ; Forelands ; Po Basin ; Molasse Basin ; Upper Rhine Graben ; Ivrea Body ; European Crust ; Adriatic Crust ; Sediment Thickness ; Crustal Thickness ; Vosges Massif ; Black Forest Massif ; Bohemian Massif ; Mantle Density ; 4DMB ; Mountain Building Processes in 4d ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC LANDFORMS 〉 MOUNTAINS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOTHERMAL DYNAMICS 〉 GEOTHERMAL TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; lithosphere ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 continental shelf 〉 continent ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust 〉 sedimentary basin ; physical property 〉 viscosity ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
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  • 9
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    Seismic data from the 2016-02-22 flood event and from an active seismic survey conducted around the Eshtemoa River, Israel (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Bedload transport is a key process in fluvial morphodynamics and hydraulic engineering, but is notoriously difficult to measure. The recent advent of stream-side seismic monitoring techniques provides an alternative to in-stream monitoring techniques, which are often costly, staff-intensive, and cannot be deployed during large floods. Seismic monitoring is a surrogate method requiring several steps to convert seismic data into bedload data. State-of-the-art approaches of conversion exploit physical models predicting the seismic signal generated by bedload transport. Here, we did an active seismic survey (2017-11) and used seismic data from a flood event (2016-02-22) on the Nahal Ehstemoa to constrain a seismic bedload model. We conducted the active seismic survey to determine the local seismic ground properties, i.e., the Green’s function. We also used water depth and bedload grain size distribution to constrain the seismic bedload model and were able to compare the bedload flux obtained from the seismic data using the model with high-quality independent bedload measurements from slot samplers on the site. The complementary non-seismic data is published in a separate data publication (Lagarde et al., 2020).
    Keywords: Ground properties ; Green’s function ; Environmental seismology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; geology
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  • 10
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue subduction megathrust earthquakes addressing the control of geodetic coverage on coseismic slip inversion (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes digital image correlation data from thirteen analogue earthquakes generated by means of an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach. The data consists of grids of 3D static coseismic surface displacements. The data have been derived using a stereo camera setup and processed with LaVision Davis 8 software. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and results regarding the control of geodetic coverage on the slip inversion problem can be found in Kosari et al. (2020) to which this data set is supplementary material. We use an analogue seismotectonic scale model approach (Rosenau et al., 2017) to generate a catalogue of analogue megathrust earthquakes (Table 1). The presented experimental setup is modified from the 3D setup used in Rosenau et al. (2019). To monitor surface deformation of the wedge analogue model a stereoscopic set of two CCD cameras (LaVision Imager pro X 11MPx, 14 bit) monitors images the wedge surface continuously at 2.5 Hz. To derive observational data similar to those from geodetic techniques, i.e. velocities at the location on the surface, we use digital image correlation (DIC, Adam et al., 2005) to derive the 3D incremental surface displacement (or velocity) at high spatial resolution (〈 0.1 mm). The time series of incremental surface displacement data was calculated using LaVision Davis 8 software. The result is an evenly spaced grid of vectors per time step, oriented parallel with respect to the principal dimensions of the box.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modeling results ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; High frame rate camera ; megathrust ; Rubber ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Subduction box ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 subduction ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 subduction zone setting ; Time lapse camera
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  • 11
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    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 12
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    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 13
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    The gravimetric quasi-geoid of São Paulo State: QGEOID-SP-2020-GGM250 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The quasi-geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 250. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 14
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    The gravimetric geoid of São Paulo State: GEOID-SP-2020-GGM720 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-31
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The geoid model of São Paulo State was computed using the updated and filtered gravimetric data and the new system of the normal height of the 2018 Brazilian Vertical Reference Frame (BVRF). For the ocean area, gravity anomalies of the DTU13 model with a resolution of 1’ were used. To quantify the terrain effects through the Residual Terrain Model procedure, the SRTM15+ DTM was used. The computation of the quasi-geoid model was performed by numerical integration through the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The Molodensky gravity anomaly was determined in a 5’x5’ grid and reduced and restored using the Residual Terrain Model (RTM) technique and the XGM2019e global gravity model truncated at degree and order 720. The geoid model was derived from the Bouguer gravity anomalies. The zero-order degree term was added in the final computation. The validation for the quasi-geoid model based on 291 GPS measurements in the leveling network has shown 18 cm RMS difference. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Fast Fourier Transform ; São Paulo State ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 15
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    Data from the German Continental Deep Drilling Project (KTB, Kontinentale Tiefbohrung) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-26
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data collection provides digital access to data and publications of the KTB (German Continental Deep Drilling Program) project. KTB was a very detailed, long-term Earth science investigation on the structure, dynamics and formation of the Central European crust in Northeastern Bavaria, Germany (Harms, Kück 2016). With geophysical sounding and ultra-deep drilling it elucidated a crustal block at the border of a micro-continental collision zones amalgamated during the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies. Major research themes were: i) the nature of geophysical structures and phenomena, ii) the crustal stress field and the brittle-ductile transition, iii) the thermal structure of the crust, iv) crustal fluids and transport processes, and v) structure and evolution of the central European Variscan basement. KTB started in 1982 with pre-site selection studies and scientific objective definition followed in 1985 by site selection studies including shallow boreholes. From 1987 to 1990 a pilot borehole of 4000 m depth was drilled and fluid tests and borehole studies were conducted. In 1990 started drilling of a so-called superdeep main borehole of 9101 m depth that was reached in 1994. Again, the final drilling phase was concluded with large-scale fluid and seismic experiments. The rocks drilled comprise metamorphic series of mafic volcanic, volcano-clastics as well as minor gabbroic to ultramafic rocks that are intercalated with leucocratic meta-sedimentary gneisses. They represent most likely a deeply subducted accretionary wedge mélange with a complex P-T-t history. The undisturbed bottom hole temperature is ~265°C. Among the outstanding results are the following: (1) A continuous profile of the complete stress tensor was obtained. (2) Several lines of evidence indicate that KTB reached the present-day brittle-ductile transition. (3) The drilled crustal segment is distinguished by large amounts of free fluids down to mid-crustal levels. (4) The role of post-orogenic brittle deformation had been grossly underestimated. (5) Steep-angle seismic reflection surveys depict the deformation pattern of the upper crust. (6) High-resolution seismic images of the crust can be obtained with a newly developed technique of true-amplitude prestack depth migration. (7) The electrical behavior of the crust is determined by secondary graphite (+/-sulfides) in shear zones. (after Emmermann und Lauterjung (1997)
    Description: Other
    Description: The data are ordered according to disciplines, wells and working groups and currently available via the original KTB site (https://data.icdp-online.org/sites/ktb/welcome.html). The DOI-referenced data publication of KTB data is in progress. Scientific disciplines: Borehole Measurements Geology, Petrology, Tectonics - Microscopy - Lithological description of cores - Lithological description of cuttings - Tectonic elements Geochemistry - Gas analysis - XRF, XRD analysis - Infrared Spectrometry - IC, ICP-AES Petrophysics - Density - Porosity - Electrical resistivity - Natural gamma-ray activity - Inner surface - Permeability - Relaxation - Magnetic susceptibility - Ultrasonic seismics - Thermal conductivity Rock Mechanics - Compressive strength - Tensile strength Technical drilling parameter Fluid/Hydraulic experiments Hydrofrac/Seismic experiments
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; KTB ; Bavaria ; Windischeschenbach ; field laboratory ; downhole logging unit ; geology ; petrology ; tectonics ; geochemistry ; petrophysics ; rock mechanics ; borehole measurements ; drilling engineering ; final experiments ; hydrolaulic tests ; presite surveys ; dekorp iso89 ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 EARTH GASES/LIQUIDS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOCHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Corers
    Type: Collection , Collection
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  • 16
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    Source Inversion Report On The 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice Earthquake (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This interactive webpage contains supplementary information for the publication by Jamalreyhani et al., 2020: Seismicity related to the eastern sector of Anatolian escape tectonics: A seismic gap partly filled by the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.8 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake.
    Description: Methods
    Description: The analysis has been performed using the Grond software package (Heimann et al., 2018). The open source software for seismic source parameter optimization Grond implements a bootstrap-based method to retrieve solution sub-spaces, parameter trade-offs and uncertainties of earthquake source parameters. Green's functions (GFs) for three different velocity models were calculated with the orthonormal propagator method (QSEIS, Wang, 1999; see https://github.com/pyrocko/fomosto-qseis/). All GFs are stored in Pyrocko GF stores (Pyrocko toolbox, Heimann et al., 2017, Heimann et al. 2019). Green's functions were computed employing a tapered Heaviside wavelet, a sample rate of 25 Hz and a grid spacing of 50 m allowing for interpolation of Green's functions between nodes. The databases comprise source depths from 1 to 4 km and receiver depths from 0 to 200 m. We used a nearest neighbor interpolation inbetween grid points of the pre-computed GFs.
    Keywords: finite fault inversion ; moment tensor inversion ; seismology ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Active Remote Sensing 〉 Imaging Radars ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Other , Other
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  • 17
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    Deep seismic reflection profile DEKORP 1987-1B across the western Rhenish Massif, West Germany (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The 50 km long profile 1B was recorded in 1987 as part of the joint reflection venture DEKORP 1 of DEKORP (German Deep Seismic Reflection Program) and BELCORP (Belgian Continental Reflection Seismic Program) groups. It was surveyed to investigate the deep crustal structure of the western Rhenish Massif with high-fold near-vertical incidence vibroseis acquisition. The objectives of the experiment were to analyse deep Variscan and post-Variscan crustal structures in the region and to compare them with the results from the eastern Rhenish Massif gathered from the survey DEKORP 2N. The first results were presented by DEKORP Research Group (1990, 1991) and supplemented by many other researches. The Technical Report of line 1B gives detailed information about acquisition and processing parameters. The European Variscides, extending from the French Central Massif to the East European Platform, originated during the collision between Gondwana and Baltica in the Late Palaeozoic. Due to involvement of various crustal blocks in the orogenesis, the mountain belt is subdivided into distinct zones. The external fold-and-thrust belts of the Rhenohercynian and Saxothuringian as well as the predominantly crystalline body of the Moldanubian dominate the central European segment of the Variscides. Polyphase tectonic deformation, magmatism and metamorphic processes led to a complex interlinking between the units. The Rhenohercynian Zone is a foreland fold-and-thrust belt cropping out in the Rhenish Massif which extends from the Ardennes to the Harz Mountains. This geological unit consists predominantly of Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rocks affected by very low-grade metamorphism (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The survey 1B was carried out in the western part of the Rhenish Massif and trends nearly N-S starting in the western volcanic zone of the Eifel, the Tertiary Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field represented by alkali basalts and fractionated volcanics. The line also runs over a positiv magnetic anomaly, the Kelberg Magnetic High which is located on the southern flank of the East Eifel Main Anticline. Afterwards, 1B crosses the SE-dipping Siegen Main Thrust and ends in the Mosel Syncline, the northern border of the Hunsrueck Mountains (DEKORP Research Group, 1991). The profile joins line 1A in the north and continues to the southeast with line 1C.
    Description: Other
    Description: The German Continental Seismic Reflection Program DEKORP (DEutsches KOntinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm) was carried out between 1984 – 1999 as the German national reflection seismic program funded by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), Bonn [now: the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)]. DEKORP was administrated by the former Geological Survey of Lower Saxony (NLfB), Hannover [now: the State Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology (LBEG)]. In 1994 the DEKORP management was taken over by the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The aim of DEKORP was to investigate the deep crustal structure of Germany with high-resolution near-vertical incidence (mostly vibro)seismic acquisition, supplemented by wide-angle seismic and other target-oriented piggy-back experiments, all complemented by optimized methods of data processing and interpretation. The DEKORP project was closely linked with the KTB (German continental deep-drilling program) and was an equivalent to many other deep-seismic programs world-wide such as COCORP, BIRPS, LITHOPROBE, ECORS, CROP, BELCORP, IBERSEIS and many more. The DEKORP-Atlas (Meissner & Bortfeld, 1990) gives a detailed overview about most of the different campaigns and results. In sum, the resulting DEKORP database includes approximately 40 crustal-scale 2D-seismic reflection lines covering a total of ca. 4 700 km and one 3D-seismic reflection survey covering ca. 400 km². Each DEKORP survey is provided with all datasets that are necessary for either a re-processing (i.e. raw unstacked field records in SEGY) or a re-interpretation (i.e. finally processed sections in SEGY or PNG). The raw data are sorted by records or by CDPs. The final data are available as unmigrated or migrated stacks without or with coherency enhancement. Automatical line-drawings are also included. All data come with additional meta information for each domain (source, receiver, CDP) like coordinates, elevations, locations and static corrections combined in ASCII-tables for geometry assignment. Furthermore, all metadata originating from paper copies are made available as scanned files in PNG or PDF, e.g. field and observer reports, location maps in different scales, near-surface profile headers and others. The DEKORP datasets provide unique and deep insights into the subsurface below Germany covering the earth’s crust from the surface to the upper mantle and are increasingly requested by academic institutions and commercial companies. Fields of applications are geothermal development, hazard analysis, hydrocarbon/shale gas exploration, underground gas storage, tunnel construction and much more.
    Keywords: deep crustal structure ; crustal-scale seismic survey ; near-vertical incidence seismic reflection ; Vibroseis acquisition ; Rhenish Massif ; Variscan orogenic belts ; Rhenohercynian ; Hoch Eifel Volcanic Field ; Kelberg Magnetic High ; Siegen Main Thrust ; Mosel Syncline ; Mohorovičić discontinuity ; geothermal resources ; seismic risks ; DEKORP ; Deutsches Kontinentales Reflexionsseismisches Programm ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS ; lithosphere 〉 earth's crust
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  • 18
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    OSG Logging Data - Lake Junín Drilling Project, Perú - 22-JUL-18-AUG-2015 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Lake Junín Drilling Project, co-funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, ICDP, aims to provide a continuous paleoclimate record from lacustrine sediments, and to reconstruct the history of the continental records covering the glacial-interglacial cycles spanning more than 500 kyr. Lake Junín, also known as Chinchaycocha, is a shallow (maximum water depth of 12 m), inter-mountain high-elevation (at 4100 m a.s.l.) lake in the inner-tropics of the Southern Hemisphere that spans 300 km2 in the tropical Andes of Peru. Drill cores were recovered during summer 2015 from three drill sites on the lake. After the completion of coring operations in each hole, downhole logging measurements were performed in five of the 11 boreholes (1A, 1C, 1D, 2A and 3B) by the Operational Support Group of ICDP at GFZ Potsdam (OSG). The OSG logging data from Lake Junín Drilling Project is given here in three data formats. For each of the five boreholes all processed logging data are comprised in one composite logging data set, this set is given here both in ASCII text and in WellCAD format. Additionally, the raw sonic waveform data are in LIS format: •Composite logging data in ASCII text files (.txt) •Composite logging data in WellCAD format (.wcl) •Sonic raw data (waveforms) in LIS format (.lis) Detailed description is provided in the associated data description file.
    Keywords: borehole measurements ; wireline logging ; downhole data ; logs ; lake drilling project ; climate archive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 LAND RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 BOREHOLES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 SEDIMENTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 OCEAN/LAKE RECORDS 〉 STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE 〉 PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS
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  • 19
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    The Turkish hybrid geoid: TG-20 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-04
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Turkish Geoid Model-2020 (TG-20) is currently the official geoid model for Turkey computed by the General Directorate of Mapping, the national mapping agency. It is a hybrid model extending from 35°N to 43°N and from 25°E to 45°E. It was determined using more than 265,000 point gravity data, as well as the GOCO06S global geopotential model and a digital elevation model of 7.2 arc-second resolution based on SRTM V4.1. Free-air gravity anomalies over marine areas and neighboring countries at 1’×1’ resolution were computed using the XGM2019e model up to degree and order 5399. The computation was based on the Least-Squares Modification of Stokes’ Formula with Additive Corrections (LSMSA) method using the LSMS-GEOLAB scientific software. The transformation of the gravimetric model was carried out via 4-parameter fit to 182 historical and homogenously distributed GPS/levelling data. Absolute validation of the resulting hybrid model with 278 recent GPS/levelling data yielded standard deviations ranging from 1.2 cm to 6.3 cm (below 2 cm at almost every test profile) which brought about considerable improvement over the previous official geoid models. TG-20 with 5 arc-min spatial resolution is freely available to the public. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Turkey ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 20
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    MLT-averaged Plasmapause Position Calculated from the PINE Plasmasphere Model for the GEM Challenge Events (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset is the MLT-averaged plasmapause position calculated for the NSF GEM Challenge Events. We use the recently developed Plasma density in the Inner magnetosphere Neural network-based Empirical (PINE) model [Zhelavskaya et al., 2017]. The PINE density model was developed using neural networks and was trained on the electron density data set from the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) [Kletzing et al., 2013]. The model reconstructs the plasmasphere dynamics well (with a cross-correlation of ~0.95 on the test set), and its global reconstructions of plasma density are in good agreement with the IMAGE EUV images of the global distribution of He+. We compare the electron number density value given by the PINE model with the density threshold separating plasmaspheric-like and trough-like density given by [Sheeley et al., 2001] and get the plasmapause position in each MLT. Then, we calculate the MLT-averaged plasmapause position. The. time resolution is 1 hour. These data files presenting the Magnetic Local Time (MLT)-averaged plasmapause position used in the simulations in Wang et al [2020]. The data are presented as the following three tabular ASCII files (.dat) : Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Mar15_Mar20.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_May30_Jun02.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)] Lpp_PINE_Sheely_Mean_Sep17_Sep26.dat: content, column1 time [day], column 2 L [Re (Earth Radii)]
    Keywords: Plasmasphere ; Plasmapause ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SUN-EARTH INTERACTIONS 〉 IONOSPHERE/MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS 〉 PLASMA WAVES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOLAR-ATMOSPHERE/SPACE-WEATHER MODELS
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  • 21
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    The mantle flow velocity and maximum principal stress orientation calculated by use of a geodynamical model (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-03
    Description: Other
    Description: In the data set we provide both mantle velocity and maximum principal stress orientation resulting from a geodynamical model. The data are calculated with use of the ProSpher 3D code in a spectral domain by spherical harmonics decomposition. The resolution of the model is of 120 spherical harmonics laterally and 50 km in depth. For velocity data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-Vel_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th , 5th – longitudinal, latitudinal, and radial components of velocity in mm/yr, correspondingly. For maximum principal stress orientation data (file set: Petrunin-etal19-SH_XXX.dat), the 1st column represents longitude, 2nd column – latitude, 3d, 4th – longitudinal and latitudinal components of the unit vector representing maximum principal stress direction.
    Keywords: Geodynamic model ; calculated velocity field ; maximum principal stress ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 22
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    Data from the 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: During 1978-79, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out in the Rhenish Massif, West Germany, and adjacent areas, extending through Belgium and Luxembourg into the Paris Basin in France. The experiment was designed to investigate the structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the massif and thus help in a multidisciplinary study, sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, into the causes and mechanisms of uplift of the massif. The Aachen-Baumholder (L1/L2-M1/M2) profile was completed in May and August, 1978. The 600 km long, main profile and the cross profiles, B-K and K-F, were completed in May 1979. During the main experiment in May 1979, 137 recording units of the MARS type from various European countries participated. 20 shots were fired in 1979 and thus a total of 2740 three-component recordings were made.
    Keywords: Rhenish Massif ; seismic refraction ; geophysics ; plateau uplift ; 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment ; GIPP Grant Number 197901 ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WIDE-ANGLE_REFLECTION_REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 CRUSTAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REGIONAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 DSS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
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  • 23
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    The gravimetric geoid of Costa Rica: GCR-RSH-2020 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The geoid for Costa Rica GCR-RSH-2020 (Geoide-Costarricense-Regional Calculado con el Método de Stokes-Helmert) is a 1 arc minute grid computed from terrestrial, marine and satellite gravity data. It is remarkable the comprehensive data cleaning and the use of new terrestrial gravity values which were not included in any other geoid determinations. The GECO global geopotential model was used for the data gap filling. The GCR-RSH-2020 computation was based on the Stokes-Helmert approach developed by the University of New Brunswick, using GOCO05s as background global geopotential model. The resulting geoid is distributed in the WGS84 system (note that between WGS84 and WRS80, there is a shift of approximately 93 cm for Costa Rica). The GCR-RSH-2020 accuracy was assessed by comparing it with GNSS/levelling values on 25 selected benchmarks of the Costa Rica vertical reference system, showing differences with a standard deviation of 0.207 m. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Keywords: Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; UNB Stokes-Helmert approach ; Costa Rica ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 24
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    FoMapS: Seismic investigation of the Fogo magmatic plumbing system, Cape Verde, using multi-array techniques (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Volcanic eruptions are regularly observed on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde, with an average re-occurrence interval of ca. 20 years. However, the structure and extent of the related volcanic plumbing system are not well understood. Previous studies have investigated earthquakes related to magmatic processes connected with the Fogo volcano using conventional network configurations. Seismicity has been reported to occur mainly southwest of the island of Brava while a more recent study reports on activity focussed between Brava and Fogo. Multi-array seismology has the potential to significantly reduce the localization errors of seismic events in particular for those outside a station network and to lower the detection threshold. The subject of this study is the investigation of the local volcano-related seismicity applying multi-array methods which is a unique task amongst the research activities at German universities. The scientific aims are (a) to precisely map local events to constrain the structure of and the dynamic processes within the volcanic plumbing system, (b) to image the magma source region below the Fogo volcano using reflected and backscattered waves, and (c) to localize low-frequency volcanic tremor events. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 9J, and are embargoed until February 2022.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 25
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    Data of the Western Makran Seismic Transects (Iran) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In September 2017 three crustal-scale seismic profiles were acquired in southern Iran covering the subaerial accretionary wedge of the western part of the Makran Subduction zone. Each of the roughly north-south trending profiles was approximately 200 km long, and on each profile 9 to 10 artificial shots with charges between 400 and 800 kg of explosives were fired. The seismic signals were observed by 300 autonomous digital recorders with geophones on each profile. This dataset consists of the raw (continuous) data of the recorders (in proprietary cube format and MSEED-format) and the shot records in SEGY-format (standard exchange formats).
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: subduction zone ; accretionary wedge ; Makran ; deep seismic sounding ; crustal structure ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WIDE-ANGLE_REFLECTION_REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WEIGHT-DROP_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 CRUSTAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REGIONAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 DSS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; SENSOR 〉 VERTICAL_COMPONENT ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; MINISEED_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 26
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Walferdange - Level 1 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) is located at the middle of a long labyrinth of galleries which originally have been established for the commercial extraction of gypsum. Exceptional temperature and humidity stability, the absence of water and human perturbations, distance from the ocean and easy access, were some of the motivations for initially choosing this site for instrumentation and Earth tide research. Instruments to measure the micro deformations produced by the tidal forces have been developed and tested in the Laboratory for more than 30 years. Ground deformations and earthquakes are or have been recorded continuously by means of spring gravimeters, vertical and horizontal pendulums, long base water tube tiltmeters, vertical and horizontal strain meters, short period and broad band seismometers. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure), as well as radon gas emissions, are also continuously monitored in various locations within the mine. In 2000, the Minister of Research of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg decided to establish a new International Reference Station for Intercomparisons of Absolute Gravimeters (ISIAG). The instrumentation to support the project includes a superconducting gravimeter OSG-CT040, an absolute gravimeter FG5X-216, and other ancillary equipment necessary to support research. In January 2002, a first superconducting gravimeter was installed. The instrument was then stopped in March 2003 due to an abnormally large instrumental drift. In December 2003, it was replaced by a brand-new gravimeter with the same name and which continuously operates since that date. Absolute gravity measurements have been performed on a regular time base to calibrate the superconducting gravimeter and to estimate its instrumental drift. Since 2003, the WULG hosted three European Comparisons and one International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters. It was the first international comparison outside the walls of the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) in Sèvres (France) where it had traditionally been organized for 30 years.
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology ; Absolute gravimetry ; Metrology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 27
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    Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO Geopotential GSM Coefficients COST-G RL01 (Level-2B Product) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version History: 15 June 2020: Initial release of the data. Note that the initial version number is 0002 in order to reflect the consistent data processing of this data set and Version 0002 of the data set Dahle & Murböck (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L2B). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO spherical harmonic coefficients of COST-G RL01 Level-2 GSM products representing an estimate of Earth's gravity field variations during the specified timespan. Post-processing steps comprise: (1) subtraction of a long-term mean field; (2) optionally, decorrelation and smoothing with VDK filter (anisotropic filter taking the actual error covariance information of the underlying GSM coefficients into account, see Horvath et al. (2018)); (3) replacement of coefficients C20, C30 (only for the months starting from 2016/11 and later), C21 and S21 and its formal standard deviations by values estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR); (4) subtraction of linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) as provided by a numerical model; (5) insertion of geocenter coefficients (C10, C11, S11); and (6) removal of estimated aliased signal of the S2 tide (161 days period). These coefficients represent signals caused by water mass redistribution over the continents and in the oceans. These post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO GSM products are denoted as Level-2B products. There are multiple variants of Level-2B products available that differ by the characteristics of the anisotropic filter applied. These variants are distinguishable by the following strings in the product file names: - 'NFIL': Level-2B product is not filtered - 'VDK1': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK1 - 'VDK2': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK2 - 'VDK3': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK3 - 'VDK4': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK4 - 'VDK5': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK5 - 'VDK6': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK6 - 'VDK7': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK7 - 'VDK8': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK8 The individual auxiliary data sets and models used during the post-processing steps mentioned above are provided as well (in the aux_data folder): - 'GRAVIS-2B_2002095-2020091_GFZOP_0600_NFIL_0002.gz': Long-term mean field calculated as unweighted average of the 183 available GFZ RL06 GSM products in the period from 2002/04 up to and including 2020/03. - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_GRACE+SLR_LOW_DEGREES_0002.dat': time series of coefficients C20, C30, C21 and S21 estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and SLR - 'GRAVIS-2B_GIA_ICE-6G_D_VM5a_0002.gz': Model from Peltier et al. (2018) for subtraction of linear trend caused by GIA - 'GRAVIS-2B_COSTG_GEOCENTER_0002.dat': Time series with geocenter coefficients estimated from COST-G RL01 Further information about the Level-2B products and the auxiliary data is provided in the header of the corresponding data files.
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-2 ; Level-2B ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 28
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    COST-G GravIS RL01 Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomalies (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version History:15 June 2020:Initial release of the data. Note that the initial version number is 0002 in order to reflect the consistent data processing of this data set and Version 0002 of the data set Dobslaw et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_OBP).---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on COST-G RL01 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2020) representing Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) variations provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over ocean areas. The OBP grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain seven different variables:1) 'barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure2) 'std_barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure uncertainties3) 'resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure resobp4) 'std_resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure uncertainties5) 'leakage': apparent gravity-based bottom pressure due to continental leakage6) 'model_ocean': background-model ocean circulation pressure7) 'model_atmosphere': background-model atmospheric surface pressureThese Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/COST-G/Level-3/OBP
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Ocean Bottom Pressure ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    COST-G GravIS RL01 Continental Water Storage Anomalies (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version History:15 June 2020:Initial release of the data. Note that the initial version number is 0002 in order to reflect the consistent data processing of this data set and Version 0002 of the data set Boergens et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_TWS).---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on COST-G RL01 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2020) representing Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) anomalies provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over all continental regions except Greenland and Antarctica. The TWS anomaly grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain four different variables:1) 'tws': gravity-based TWS2) 'std_tws': gravity-based TWS uncertainties3) 'leakage': spatial leakage contained in TWS4) 'model_atmosphere': background model atmospheric massThese Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/COST-G/Level-3/TWS
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Language: English
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  • 30
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    Ambient seismic noise data from the shallow sea floor off Tuktoyaktuk, Canada (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-12
    Description: Abstract
    Description: During the 2018 “Mackenzie Delta Permafrost Field Campaign” (mCan2018), a test campaign within the “Modular Observation solutions for Earth Systems” (MOSES) program, ambient seismic noise recordings at the sea bottom were acquired along two 300 m long transects from the shoreline to shallow marine area close to Tuktoyaktuk Island (Canada). In total, 21 measurements were taken. Raw data is provided in proprietary “Cube” format and standard mseed format.
    Keywords: MOSES ; Modular Observation solutions for Earth Systems ; submarine permafrost ; ambient seismic noise ; H/V measurements ; Mackenzie Delta ; PASSIVE_SEISMIC 〉 STATIONS ; SENSOR 〉 OCEAN_BOTTOM_SEISMOMETER ; SENSOR 〉 3-C ; MARINE ; MINISEED_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CRYOSPHERE 〉 FROZEN GROUND 〉 PERMAFROST ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 OCEANS 〉 MARINE GEOPHYSICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS
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    Global magnetic observatory data 1991 - 2015 (2020)
    INTERMAGNET ; Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) ; Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France) ; [et al.]
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-20
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Definitive digital values of the Earth's mangetic field recorded from 1991 to 2015 at INTERMAGNET observatories around the world. Data includes minute, hourly and daily vector values, along with observatory baseline values for quality control. Annual means are also included. All data is included on the single downloadable archive file (gzipped tar format) available from this landing page. This is the 25th annual publication in the series. Some national data institutions may have related DOIs that describe subsets of the data. These DOIs are shown under "Related DOIs to be quoted". For more information on the data formats used in this publication and the technical standards used to create the data, please refer to the INTERMAGNET Technical Manual and the Technical note TN6 "INTERMAGNET Definitive One-second Data Standard"..
    Description: Methods
    Description: Geomagnetic data is recorded and quality controlled at the institutions responsible for each observatory. Before becoming a member of INTERMAGNET, institutes must make a detailed submission for each observatory that is to join. This submission is verified by a committee in INTERMAGNET before the observatory is admitted. Only data from INTERMAGNET members is published by INTERMAGNET. Each annual definitive data set is checked for quality by a team of data checkers in INTERMAGNET before the data is admitted to the series for that year.
    Description: Other
    Description: The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is the global network of observatories, monitoring the Earth's magnetic field. The INTERMAGNET programme exists to establish a global network of cooperating digital magnetic observatories, adopting modern standard specifications for measuring and recording equipment, in order to facilitate data exchange and the production of geomagnetic products in close to real time. INTERMAGNET also coordinates the publication of quality-controlled, definitive geomagnetic data from its affiliated observatories.
    Keywords: definitive data ; INTERMAGNET ; geomagnetism ; magnetism ; observatory ; definitive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GEOMAGNETIC STATIONS
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  • 32
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    Dataset for evaluation element fluxes released by weathering and taken up by plants along the EarthShape climate and vegetation gradient (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: With this data, we expand the data set characterizing the Critical Zone geochemistry along the Chilean Coastal Cordillera provided by Oeser et al. (2018). This data set completes the results of bulk geochemical analysis of bedrock and regolith with those of bulk analysis of major plants and those of the bio-available fraction in saprolite and soil (determined using a modified sequential extraction method on bulk regolith samples after Arunachalam et al., 1996; He et al., 1995; Tessier et al., 1979). For all those compartments of the Earth’s Critical Zone, we further present 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios. A detailed graphical presentation and discussion of this data as well as method description is given in Oeser and von Blanckenburg (2020), Decoupling primary productivity from silicate weathering – how ecosystems regulate nutrient uptake along a climate and vegetation gradient.Using this data, we were thus, able to determine weathering rates and nutrient uptake along the “EarthShape” climate and vegetation gradient in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera and to identify the sources of mineral nutrients to plants. Ultimately, we were able to budget inventories, gains and losses of nutritive elements in and out of these ecosystems and to quantify nutrient recycling. We found that the weathering rate does not increase from north to south along the climate gradient. Instead, the increase in biomass growth rate is accommodated by faster nutrient recycling. The absence of an increase in weathering rate in spite of a five-fold increase in precipitation led us to hypothesize that the presence of plants even negatively impacts weathering through reducing the water flow, inducing secondary-mineral formation, and fostering a microbial community specializing on nutrient-recycling rather than nutrient-acquisition through weathering.All samples are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN), a globally unique and persistent Identifier for physical samples. The IGSNs are provided in the data tables and link to a comprehensive sample description in the internet.Tables included in this data publication:Table S1: Chemical composition of representative bedrock samples from Pan de Azúcar, Santa Gracia, La Campana, and Nahuelbuta.Table S2: Weathering indices CDF and τ along with radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the 2 × 4 regolith profiles.Table S3: Concentration of the bio-available fraction, comprised of the water-soluble and the exchangeable fraction.Table S4: Concentration of the water-soluble and the exchangeable fraction, and the relative amount of the bio-available fraction (pooled water-soluble and exchangeable fraction) on bulk regolith.Table S5: Chemical composition of the study sites’ single plant organs along with their respective 87Sr/86Sr ratio.
    Keywords: silicate weathering ; ecosystem nutrition ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 〉 ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS 〉 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 LANDSCAPE 〉 LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 EROSION/SEDIMENTATION 〉 WEATHERING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 LAND SURFACE 〉 SOILS 〉 MICRONUTRIENTS/TRACE ELEMENTS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 33
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    eGSIM - a Python library and web application to select and test Ground Motion models (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-27
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Ground motion models (GMM) have been employed in several domains, from traditional seismic hazard and risk analysis to more recent shakemaps and rapid loss assessment. In this framework, eGSIM is a Python package and web application intended to help engineers and seismologist in understanding how different models compare for specific earthquake scenarios and how well they fit to observed ground motion data, producing results as visual plot or tabular data in standard, accessible and convenient formats (CSV, HDF, JSON and several image formats). Based on OpenQuake, a popular open-source Python library for seismic hazard and risk analysis, eGSIM incorporates and makes available in two user-friendly interfaces hundreds of published GMMs implemented and tested in OpenQuake: an online graphical user interface (GUI) accessible at https://egsim.gfz-potsdam.de, ideal for comparisons that can be visualized or downloaded as images, and a web application programming interface (web API), implemented along the lines of popular seismological web services (FDSN), more suited for comparisons that may be automatized in scheduled jobs, or need to be integrated into custom code and further processed in the user's own workflows. By incorporating databases in form of so-called flatfiles (ESM) and regionalizations derived from seismic hazard models (SHARE, ESHM20), eGSIM allows users to seamlessly select data for comparison and models for comparison based on regions of interest. It also features management scripts to smoothly incorporate new flatfiles or regionalizations from future research projects.Moreover, via the generation of flatfile templates based on a custom selection of GMMs, and the possibility to upload user-defined flatfiles, eGSIM facilitates the non-trivial task of compiling data for model comparison, and can be used to analyze ground motions from any data set recorded anywhere in the world, including rapid analysis of earthquake records following large events.
    Keywords: Ground motion model ; PSHA ; OpenQuake ; Strong motion database ; flatfile ; web API ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 WEB SERVICES ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 WEB SERVICES 〉 DATA PROCESSING SERVICES ; science 〉 materials science 〉 engineering 〉 seismic engineering
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 34
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    Time series of meteorological station data in the EarthShape study areas of in the Coastal Cordillera, Chile (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The DFG Priority Program 1803 "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota” (www.earthshape.net, short description of the project below) installed a meteorological station network consisting of four stations between ~26 °S to ~38 °S in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile, South America. The stations are intended to provide baseline meteorological data along the climate and ecological gradient investigated in the EarthShape program. The stations are located in the EarthShape study areas, encompassing desert, semi-desert, mediterranean, and temperate climate zones. Each station is configured to include sensors that record precipitation at ground level, radiation at 2.8 m height, wind at 3 m height, 25 cm depth soil temperature, soil water content and bulk electrical conductivity, 2 m air temperature and relative humidity, and barometric pressure at 30-minute intervals. The data recording started in March/April 2016. The EarthShape project runs until December 2021. Data collection will continue until that date, and potentially longer depending on available funds. This publication provides two sets of data: raw data and processed data. The raw data contains 2 file types per meteorological station: (1) all measured parameters of the whole dataset measured in 30 minutes intervals as downloaded from the station. Furthermore, we provide (2) one table per station of high-resolution precipitation events, measured in 5 min. intervals that were triggered during rain events at each station. The processed data consists of a continuous timeseries of observations since the activation of each station. The processing consists of the exclusion of erroneous data, caused by maintenance of the weather-stations and sporadic malfunction of sensors detected during data screening. The excluded data is communicated in a logfile (excel table), comments from data screening, solar eclipse and others are summarized in history files (ASCII ). the full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file (Data description file).
    Description: Other
    Description: "EarthShape - Earth Surface Shaping by Biota" bridges between scientific disciplines and includes geoscientists and biologists to study from different viewpoints the complex question how microorganisms, animals, and plants influence the shape and development of the Earth’s surface over time scales from the present-day to the distant geologic past. All study sites are located in the north-to-south trending Coastal Cordillera mountains of Chile, South America. These sites span from the Atacama Desert in the north to the Araucaria forests approximately 1300 km to the south. The site selection contains a large ecological and climate gradient ranging from very dry to humid climate conditions.
    Keywords: South America ; Chile ; Cordillera de la Costa ; National Park Pan de Azúcar ; National Park Nahuelbuta ; National Park La Campana ; Private Reserve Santa Gracia ; EarthShape ; Campbell scientific ; radiation ; wind ; soil ; temperature ; precipitation ; pressure ; humidity ; weather station ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION 〉 SOLAR RADIATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE 〉 AIR TEMPERATURE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR 〉 HUMIDITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC WINDS 〉 SURFACE WINDS 〉 WIND SPEED/WIND DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 PRECIPITATION
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  • 35
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    International Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G) Monthly GRACE-FO Series (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Operationally combined monthly gravity fields of the GRACE-FO satellite mission in spherical harmonic representation (Level-2 product) generated by the Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G; Jäggi et al. (2020):http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2020_109), a product center for time-variable gravity fields of IAG's International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). COST-G_GRACE-FO_RL01_OP is a combination of AIUB-GRACE-FO_op, GFZ-RL06 (GFO), GRGS-RL05 (unconstrained solution), ITSG-Grace_op, LUH-GRACE-FO, CSR-RL06 (GFO) and JPL-RL06 (GFO). The original time-series were provided by the analysis centers (ACs) and partner analysis centers (PCs) of COST-G.
    Description: Methods
    Description: COST-G performs a harmonization and quality control of the individual input solutions of the COST-G ACs and PCs. The combination of COST-G_GRACE-FO_RL01_OP is then performed applying variance component estimation on the solution level (Jean et al., 2018): https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1123-5). The resulting COST-G combined gravity fields are validated assessing their signal and noise content in the spectral and spatial domain (Meyer et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01274-6) and by the COST-G Product Evaluation Group (PEG).
    Keywords: COST-G ; IGFS Product Center ; Combined solutions ; Time variable gravity ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 36
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    International Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G) Monthly GRACE Series (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Combined monthly gravity fields of the GRACE satellite mission in spherical harmonic representation (Level-2 product) generated by the Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G; Jäggi et al. (2020):http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2020_109), a product center for time-variable gravity fields of IAG's International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). COST-G GRACE RL01 is a combination of AIUB-RL02, GFZ-RL06, GRGS-RL04 (unconstrained solution), ITSG-GRACE2018, and CSR-RL06. The original time-series were provided by the analysis centers (ACs) and partner analysis centers (PCs) of COST-G.
    Description: Methods
    Description: COST-G performs a harmonization and quality control of the individual input solutions of the COST-G ACs and PCs. The combination of COST-G GRACE RL01 is then performed applying variance component estimation on the solution level (Jean et al., 2018): https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1123-5). The resulting COST-G combined gravity fields are validated assessing their signal and noise content in the spectral and spatial domain (Meyer et al., 2019: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01274-6) and by the COST-G Product Evaluation Group (PEG).
    Keywords: COST-G ; IGFS Product Center ; Combined solutions ; Time variable gravity ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset
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  • 37
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    Predicted relative sea-level and sea-level data for validation (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We provide the model results of the manuscript "Glacial-isostatic adjustment models using geodynamically constrained 3D Earth structures" (Bagge et al. 2020, Paper) including the (1) predicted relative sea-level and (2) applied sea-level data. The predicted relative-sea level is calculated with the VIscoelastic Lithosphere and MAntle model VILMA (Klemann et al. 2008, 2015, Martinec et al. 2018, Hagedoorn et al. 2007, Martinec & Hagedoorn 2005, Kendall et al. 2005). The glacial-isostatic adjustment models uses different Earth structures (3D, 1D global mean and 1D regionally adapted; Bagge et al. 2020, Paper; Bagge et al. 2020, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2020.004) and ice histories (ICE-5G, Peltier 2004; ICE-6G, Peltier et al. 2015, Argus et al. 2014; NAICE, Gowan et al. 2016) resulting in 44 3D models, 54 1D global mean models and 162 1D regionally adapted models. For more information on model description and input data see Bagge et al. (2020, Paper) and Bagge at al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2020.004). The provided output data include (1a) the global distribution of predicted relative-sea level at 14 kilo years before present as ensemble range of the 3D GIA models for three ice histories as netCDF files, (1b) the predicted relative-sea level at eight locations at 14 kilo years before present for all models as ASCII file and (1c) the predicted relative sea-level for the deglaciation period for all models as ASCII files. Eight locations include Churchill, Angermanland, Ross Sea (Antarctica), San Jorge Gulf (Patagonia), Central Oregon Coast, Rao-Gandon Area (Senegal), Singapore and Pioneer Bay (Queensland, Australia). (2) The about 520 applied sea-level data provide information on time, relative sea-level and type of sea-level data. They are extracted for the eight locations from the GFZ database using SLIVisu (Unger et al. 2012, 2018) and provided as ACSII files.
    Keywords: laterally varying Earth structure ; glacial-isostatic adjustment ; relative sea-level ; VIscoelastic Lithosphere and MAntle model ; VILMA ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 CRYOSPHERE MODELS ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 GEOLOGIC/TECTONIC/PALEOCLIMATE MODELS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    IGMAS+: Interactive Gravity and Magnetic Application System (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: IGMAS+ is a software for 3-D modelling of potential fields and its derivatives under the condition of constraining data and independent information. It comes with tools for forward and inverse modelling. IGMAS+ has a long history starting 1988 and has seen continuous improvement since then with input by many contributors. Since 2019, IGMAS+ is maintained and developed at The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences by the staff of Section 4.5 – Basin Modelling and ID2 – eScience Centre with strong ongoing support by H.-J. Götze and S. Schmidt from CAU Kiel. The official webpage of IGMAS+ is available at https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/. Each major version of IGMAS+ will be assigned with a new DOI. Intermediate releases including changelog can be found at https://git.gfz-potsdam.de/igmas/igmas-releases/-/releases/.
    Description: Methods
    Description: In IGMAS+ the analytical solution of the volume integral for the gravity and magnetic effect of a homogeneous body is based on the reduction of the three-folded integral to an integral over the bounding polyhedrons (in IGMAS polyhedrons are built by triangles). The original algorithm has been extended to cover all elements of the gravity and magnetic tensors as well. Optimized storage enables extreme fast inversion of material parameters and changes to the model geometry and this flexibility makes geometry changes easy. Immediately after each change, model geometry is updated and the field components are recalculated. Because of the triangular model structure, IGMAS+ can handle complex structures (multi Z surfaces) like the overhangs of salt domes very well. It handles remanent and induced magnetisation of geological bodies and was applied to the interpretation of borehole gravity and magnetics. Modelling is constrained by structural input from independent data sources, such as seismic data, and is essential toward true integration of 3D thermal modelling or even Full Waveform Inversion. Geophysical investigations may cover huge areas of several thousand square kilometres but also models of Applied Geophysics at a meter scale. Due to the curvature of the Earth, the use of spherical geometries and calculations is necessary. IGMAS+ can be used for both flat (regional) and spherical models (global) in 3D.
    Description: TechnicalInfo
    Description: List of changes for Release 1.3.8656 Fixed •Custom projection using GeoTools (#22) •Voxel density units (#74) •Dark/light theme selector not working for the first start (#83) •The size of windows for text input (#76) •Consistent user experience for all ptaforms (#69) •Build problem (#65) •Bug with reading "calculated (measured) Geoid" from ".station" format (#38) •Build problem (#59) •Spherical calculation settings of "Max. Length" (#37) •An error occured when section was defined with normal (0, -1) (#35) •Bug when save project button is disabled while reaching recent items directory (#4) •EPSG codes not appearing in projection lists (#28) •Multiple cutter showed anomaly field in white (#36) •Residual field is in mGal/km when the gradients are calculated in Eötvös (#36) •Wrong factor for magnetic field calculation with mT (#29) •Bug related to memory settings (#31) •Image export •WorldWind renderer •Linux executables Added •GFZ branding in installer (#14) •Calculation of body volume (#32) •GeoTools gt-referencing projection (#78) •New flatlaf design themes •Integrate update check (#43) •Notification about missing coordinate system when starting spherical approximation (#16) •2-D View icon to the toolbar •Warning for the missing projection •This changelog Changed •Migrated to latest JOGL bindings (#84) •Name of the app after installation changed to IGMAS+ (#81) •About window (#53) •Switch from JSyntaxPane to RSyntaxTextArea (#71) •Migrated to new truelicense version v4 (#56) •Using "imported" instead of "measured" for Geoid for export/import (#41) •Disabled SSL certificate validation for WorldWind tile server •Viewboard logo - GFZ logo is used now (#14) •Switched to latest jython 2.7.2b2 •Switched to java8 as minimum requirement •Switched to the latest parsii library •Swtiched to the latest proj4j library •Updated main logo •Updated installer •Version numbers will now be generated following [major].[minor].[ci_pipeline_id]-[commit_hash]-[testing]. Removed •toolbox3d dependency (#57) •Geometry inversion from installer (#33) •Unsupported cluster installer
    Keywords: gravity ; potential field ; magnetics ; modelling ; software ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM 〉 MAGNETIC FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
    Type: Software , Software
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  • 39
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    AIUB-GRACE-FO-operational - Operational GRACE Follow-On monthly gravity field solutions (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Operational GRACE Follow-On monthly gravity field solutions starting from June 2018 up to degree and order 96 computed with the Celestial Mechanics Approach at AIUB. The time series is a loose continuation of AIUB-RL02 GRACE monthly gravity field time series using Level-1B GRACE Follow-On data and operational accelerometer transplant data from IfG (Institute of Geodesy, TU Graz, Working Group Theoretical Geodesy and Satellite Geodesy) and updated background models. The dataset is created within the framework of the G3P project (https://www.g3p.eu/), this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 870353.
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) ; Level-2 ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Time variable Gravity Field ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 40
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    BRAVOSEIS Onshore Seismic Array (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Bransfield Strait is a seismically active extensional rift located between the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. The Strait is partly located on continental crust including areas within the transition to seafloor spreading. The amphibious seismic network BRAVOSEIS is an international effort focused on the seismological research of submarine volcanoes and rift dynamics in the Bransfield Strait. This network is the onshore component of the entire network consisting of 15 broadband land stations deployed in the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula between January 2018 and February 2020. The offshore components (network code ZX) include 9 broadband ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) across the Central Bransfield Basin and a group of 6 hydrophone moorings spanning the rift area of 200 x 100 km2, with inter-station distance of ~30 km. Additionally, a smaller offshore array consisting of 15 short-period OBSs with an aperture of 20 km and a narrow inter-station distance of ~4 km was deployed around the Orca submarine volcanic edifice south of King George Island. The data will be used to study the geodynamics of the Bransfield Strait and the evolution of the incipient rifting zone in the domain where extension has been suggested. Seismological methods will include earthquake location, source mechanism, surface wave analysis with ambient noise and earthquake data, receiver function and shear wave splitting. The results may shed light on the crustal structure and tectonic regime in the region and image the location and extent of magma accumulations related to submarine volcanic structures. Finally, the results should provide clues to assess the internal processes that occur in the submarine volcanoes of the area undergoing rifting. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5M, and are embargoed until March 2024.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 41
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    FOSA (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The complete network consisted of 11 stations deployed on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde. Eight of the stations formed an arraywith an aperture of 700 m, deployed in the south of the island near the village of Achada Furna. Seven of the array stations were equipped with 3-component 4.5 Hz geophones, one with a Trillium Compact (broad-band) sensor. The remaing three stations were distributed across the island and equipped with Trillium Compact sensors. Data were recorded continuously from October 2015 to December 2016 with a sample rate of 200 Hz. Due to limited data storage, there are four recording gaps (20/12/2015-14/01/2016; 28/03/2016-04/04/2016; 17/06/2016-18/07/2016; 01/10/2016-18/10/2016). The network served as a pilot study for the more comprehensive study, FoMaPS, from 2017 to 2018 (FDSN code 9J), involving station deployments on Fogo and Brava. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5M, and are embargoed until July 2021.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~300G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 42
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    IMAGE (Integrated Methods for Advanced Geothermal Exploration) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: IMAGE is a two year seismological experiment realized at the Reykjanes Peninsula by Philippe Jousset (GFZ Potsdam) and Gylfi P. Hersir (ISOR Iceland). Reykjanes Peninsula is located at the southwestern tip of Iceland, at the emergent part of the Mid-oceanic Ridge. This area has a high seismicity and is exploited for its high geothermal potential. The deployment is performed to carry out a local seismological study with techniques such as seismic tomography (earthquake based, e.g. Jousset et al., 2016, and ambient noise e.g., Martins et al., 2020). The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor the seismic activity associated with the rift processes (Blank et al., 2020) and/or the induced seismicity. The network comprised 30 onland stations (GIPP) and 21 Ocean Bottom Seismometers (Lobsters, DEPAS). Onland stations were deployed from April 2014 until August 2015 and comprise 20 broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact 120 s), 10 short-period sensors (Mark sensors 1 Hz) and data loggers (DATA-CUBE) with acquisition frequencies of 200 Hz. Sensors were buried 30-40 cm deep in the ground in containers. Data gaps are minimal, and occurred every 3 months when the batteries were exchanged and data downloaded from the DATA-CUBEs. OBS were deployed in August 2014 and recorded for about a year. From this dataset, a catalogue of about 2000 earthquakes could be extracted. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 4L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~3.2T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 43
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    Seismic array data for monitoring and tracking tremor sources during subglacial floods and volcanic eruptions at Vatnajökull (Vatna Glacier), Iceland (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: As part of project FUTUREVOLC, European volcanological supersite in Iceland: a monitoring system and network for the future, two 7-element seismic broadband arrays were installed outside the western margin of Vatnajökull glacier, Iceland. The goal was to study seismic tremor associated with floods originating in the eastern and western Skaftár cauldrons. A third temporary array was installed during the Bárðarbunga 2014-2015 volcanic eruption near the eruption site. The aim of the array installations was to discriminate between different seismic tremor sources, namely volcanic eruptions, lava flows, hydrothermal explosions and subglacial floods (jökulhlaups). The main aim of the two arrays installed on the western margin of Vatnajökull was to study their early-warning potential through the analysis of four subglacial floods observed during the study period. The seismic vibrations associated with these floods have an emergent start, are of long duration and are referred to as tremor or high-frequency noise. Due to the lack of clear discrete onsets they cannot be located using traditional earthquake location methods. Instead clusters of seismometers (called arrays) are employed to both locate the tremor source and determine the wave type in the tremor (surface vs. body waves). The array data recorded during the Bárðarbunga eruption were used to investigate the nature of shallow, pre-eruptive, long-duration seismic tremor activity related to shallow dyke formation. The sources of the tremor were found to locate at the eruption site and under ice cauldrons which formed on the ice surface during the first weeks of the unrest. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 5L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~570G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 44
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    1 year seismological experiment at Strokkur in 2017/18 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Strokkur_1yr is a one year seismological experiment realized at the most active geyser on Iceland by Eva Eibl (University of Potsdam) in collaboration with Thomas R. Walter, Phillippe Jousset, Torsten Dahm, Masoud Allahbakhshi, Daniel Müller from GFZ Potsdam and Gylfi P. Hersir from ISOR Iceland. The geyser is part of the Haukadalur geothermal area in south Iceland, which contains numerous geothermal anomalies, hot springs, and basins (Walter et al., 2018). Strokkur is a pool geyser and has a silica sinter edifice with a water basin on top, which is about 12 m in diameter with a central tube of more than 20 m depth. The aim of the seismic experiment is to monitor eruptions of Strokkur geyser from June 2017 to June 2018 using four broadband seismic stations (Nanometrics Trillium Compact Posthole 20 s). Sensors were buried 30–40 cm deep in the ground at distances of 38.8 m (G4, SE), 47.3 m (G3, SW), 42.5 m (G2, N), and 95.5 m (G1, NE) from Strokkur center. Data gaps represent 15–44 % of the records as during the winter period maintenance intervals were longer and battery drainage was high. However, at any given time, at least one station recorded the eruptions. From this dataset, converted to MSEED using Pyrocko, a catalogue of 70,000 eruptions was determined and further investigated in Eibl et al. (2020) Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code 7L.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Seismic monitoring ; temporary local seismic network ; Monitoring system ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~100G
    Format: .mseed
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  • 45
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    MAGIC (Magma Iceland) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In January 2020, a swarm of earthquakes started under Thorbjorn volcano, Reykjanes, SW Iceland, associated to the uplift of up to 0.5 cm per day. Concern in Iceland was growing and the Iceland Meteorological Office suggested at that time that possibly magma intruded in the crust at shallow depth (3 to 9 km). The first eruption occurred on 19.03.2021, followed by many others in the foolwing years. The GFZ started a seismological Hazard and Risk Team (HART), as soon as February 2020 in cooperation with IMO, ISOR and the University of Iceland. The interrogator was located in Grindavik and was connected to a standard telecom cable. The full data dataset of this 5J network comprise 250 Tb of raw data. The standard infrastructure is not designed for such large data set. Therefore, we implement here several datasets, corresponding to several processing and associated publications. Specific full data set is available upon request to the authors. In Flovenz et al., 2022, the data subset comprise a selection of wave-forms recorded along an optical fibre of 21 km length. The subset consists of 40 channels at 100 Hz (spatially stacked 9x). The whole time period from January until August 2020 is covered, with a total size of 496 GB. The data is MiniSEED at 4096 bytes record length with STEIM2. In Maass et al., 2024, the data subset consists of two sections of contiguous channels (1701-2000 and 3921-4218, spatial sampling 4 meters) of dynamic strain rate down sampled at 5 Hz. The whole time period from January until August 2020 is covered, with a total size of 340 GB. The data is MiniSEED at 4096 bytes record length with STEIM2.
    Keywords: fibre optics ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Local network ; Temporary ; Volcano ; Velocity ; DAS ; MiniSEED
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: ~500G
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 46
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    COST-G GravIS RL01 Ice-Mass Change Products (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-15
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Version History:15 June 2020:Initial release of the data. Note that the initial version number is 0002 in order to reflect the consistent data processing of this data set and Version 0002 of the data set Sasgen et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.GRAVIS_06_L3_ICE).---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 products based on COST-G RL01 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2020) representing ice-mass changes for the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). The ice-mass changes are provided both as basin average product and as gridded product.Basin-average ice-mass changes are obtained using the inversion procedure based on a forward modelling approach as described in Sasgen et al. (2013) for the AIS and Sasgen et al. (2012) for the GIS.Gridded ice-mass changes are provided at polar-stereographic grids with a grid spacing of 50 x 50 km^2. The applied algorithm is based on tailored sensitivity kernels (Groh & Horwath, 2016), and has also been used to generate gravimetric mass balance products within the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) projects for the AIS and the GIS.These Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de).Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/COST-G/Level-3/ICE
    Keywords: Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Ice-mass Change ; Time Variable Gravity ; Antarctic Mass Balance ; Greenland Mass Balance ; Sea-level Change ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 47
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    Demmin, Germany (October 2015) - an EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is composed of Hyspex (VNIR/SWIR) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 01. Oktober, 2015 within the Demmin Research Area. The acquisition conditions were cloud free. The dataset includes two mosaics generated based on 9 HySpex flight lines. The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP-like imagery simulated using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS). Additionally a soil database focussed on the soil organic carbon content (SOC) with geographic coordinates, texture and spectral information is included.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Nine flight stripes were acquired during an EnMAP GFZ/FUB flight campaign operated by the GFZ using the HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e (“HySpex, Norsk Elektro Optikk,” 2015) imaging spectrometers over the DEMMIN test field on 01 October 2015 (10:07-11:01 local time). Over the nine flight stripes, three are located in the Western part of the area over the village of Borrentin and Nossendorf, and six in the Eastern part of the area over the villages of Alt-Tellin, Jarmen and Sassen covering mainly agricultural fields (figure 1). For this campaign the HySpex imaging system was mounted on the Cessna 207T aircraft of the “Freie Universität Berlin” (FUB). The HySpex hyperspectral imaging system is based on two separated push-broom hyperspectral cameras HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e which cover the wavelength domain from 0.4-1.0 µm and 1.0-2.5 µm respectively, with a spectral resolution of 3.7 nm (VNIR-1600) and 6.0 nm (SWIR-320m-e). Both sensors were flown with a field of view expander which results in field of view of 33.2° for the VNIR and 26.4° for the SWIR. The position and attitude of the airplane were measured with an AEROcontrol-IId inertial measurement unit (IMU) with available data rates of 256 Hz in combination with a Novatel OEM4 - g2 GPS receiver. The HySpex sensors (VNIR, SWIR) and DGPS/IMU sensors were arranged on an active stabilization platform (SM2000 ). The entire airborne campaign was conducted at a mean altitude of 2500m which results in a mean ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.9 m for the VNIR and 3.8 m for the SWIR. After the preprocessing of the HySpex data (georectification, sensor co-registration, atmospheric correction, mosaicking) the hyperspectral data cube consists of a total of 408/390 bands resampled to 4m pixel resolution. The overflight encompassed an area of approximately 23000 ha.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extract-ing geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal (http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights).
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Soil ; Landuse ; Agricultur ; agriculture 〉 agricultural method ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 Hyperspectral Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION ; land 〉 world 〉 Europe 〉 Western Europe ; pedosphere 〉 soil
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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