ALBERT

Note: In kyrill. Schr.

Note: Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Executive Summary -- Part One - C’mon! Don’t tell me the current trends are sustainable! -- 1.1 Introduction: The World in Disarray -- 1.2 Limits to Growth - how relevant was its message?- 1.3 Planetary Boundaries -- 1.4 The Anthropocene -- 1.5 The Climate Challenge -- 1.6 Other disasters ahead -- 1.7 Unsustainable population growth - and urbanization -- 1.8 Unsustainable agriculture and food system -- 1.9 Trade versus environment -- 1.10 The 2030 Agenda - the devil is in implementation -- 1.11 Do we like disruptions? The case of the digital revolution -- 1.12 From Empty World to Full World -- Part Two - C’mon! Don’t stick to outdated philosophies! -- 2.1 Laudato Sí: The Pope raises His voice -- 2.2 Change the Story, Change the Future -- 2.3 1991: „The First Global Revolution“ -- 2.4 Capitalism got arrogant -- 2.5 The failure of the market doctrine -- 2.6 Philosophical errors of the market doctrine -- 2.7 Reductionist philosophy is shallow and inadequate -- 2.8 Gaps between Theory, Education and Social Reality -- 2.9 Tolerance and long-term perspectives -- 2.10 We may need a New Enlightenment -- Part Three Come On! Join us on an exciting journey towards a sustainable world! .- 3.1 A regenerative economy -- 3.2 Development Alternatives -- 3.3 The Blue Economy -- 3.4 Decentralized energy -- 3.5 Some agricultural success stories -- 3.6 Regenerative urbanization: Ecopolis -- 3.7 Climate: Some good news, but bigger challenges -- 3.8 Circular economy requires a new economic logic -- 3.9 Five-fold resource productivity -- 3.10 Healthy disruption -- 3.11 Reform of the financial sector -- 3.12 Reform of the economic set-up -- 3.13 Benign investment -- 3.14 Measuring well-being rather than GDP -- 3.15 Civil Society, Social Capital and Collective Leadership -- 3.16 Global Governance -- 3.17 National level action: China and Bhutan -- 3.18 Education for a sustainable civilization -- Conclusion: We invite readers to ‘come on’

Note: Gondwana, comprising more than 64% of the present day continental mass, is home to 33% of large igneous provinces (LIPs) and key to understanding the lithosphere–atmosphere system and related tectonics that influenced global climate and sediment production on Earth. Gondwana has many of the largest LIPs, with areas of 200 000 to 2 000 000 km2. Several Gondwana LIPs erupted near active continental margins as well as within continents. The rifting of continents continued even after LIP emplacement or was aborted by a coeval compression and did not open into an ocean. Important contemporary frontiers include understanding significant amounts of synchronous silicic volcanic rocks in mafic LIPs, bringing better stratigraphic constraints supported by precise age dating and volume estimation of LIPs, the possible link between LIP emplacement and biotic crisis, refinement of the existing petrogenetic models and assessing large eruptions and associated societal risk. This volume covers topics on magma emplacements, petrology and geochemistry, source characteristics, flood basalt–carbonatite linkage, tectonics and geochronology of LIPs distributed in Gondwana continents. | Contents: Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs): distribution, diversity and significance / Sarajit Sensarma, Bryan C. Storey and Vivek P. Malviya / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 1-16, 27 November 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.11 --- Gondwana Large Igneous Provinces: plate reconstructions, volcanic basins and sill volumes / H. H. Svensen, T. H. Torsvik, S. Callegaro, L. Augland, T. H. Heimdal, D. A. Jerram, S. Planke and E. Pereira / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 17-40, 30 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.7 --- The Ferrar Large Igneous Province: field and geochemical constraints on supra-crustal (high-level) emplacement of the magmatic system / David H. Elliot and Thomas H. Fleming / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 41-58, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.1 --- The Panjal Traps / J. Gregory Shellnutt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 59-86, 6 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.4 --- Mantle source heterogeneity in continental mafic Large Igneous Provinces: insights from the Panjal, Rajmahal and Deccan basalts, India / K. Vijaya Kumar, More B. Laxman and K. Nagaraju / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 87-116, 11 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.5 --- Imprints of modal metasomatism in the post-Deccan subcontinental lithospheric mantle: petrological evidence from an ultramafic xenolith in an Eocene lamprophyre, NW India / Rohit Pandey, N. V. Chalapathi Rao, Dinesh Pandit, Samarendra Sahoo and Prashant Dhote / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 117-136, 5 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.6 --- Origin of the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, India and its possible linkage with the Deccan Large Igneous Province / Jyoti Chandra, Debajyoti Paul, Shrinivas G. Viladkar and Sarajit Sensarma / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 137-169, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.3 --- Mineralogy, geochemistry and geochronology of mafic magmatic enclaves and their significance in evolution of Nongpoh granitoids, Meghalaya, NE India / Mohd. Sadiq, Ravi K. Umrao, B. B. Sharma, S. Chakraborti, S. Bhattacharyya and A. Kundu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 171-198, 6 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.2 --- Regional volcanism of northern Zealandia: post-Gondwana break-up magmatism on an extended, submerged continent / N. Mortimer, P. B. Gans, S. Meffre, C. E. Martin, M. Seton, S. Williams, R. E. Turnbull, P. G. Quilty, S. Micklethwaite, C. Timm, R. Sutherland, F. Bache, J. Collot, P. Maurizot, P. Rouillard and N. Rollet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 199-226, 16 August 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.9 --- Modelling basalt weathering at elevated CO2 concentrations: implications for terminal to post-magmatic rifting in the Deccan Traps, Kachchh, India / Kaushik Mitra, Souvik Mitra, Saibal Gupta, Satadru Bhattacharya, Prakash Chauhan and Nirmala Jain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 227-241, 17 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.8 --- Geochemical and Sm–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Proterozoic mafic magmatism of the Gwalior Basin, central India: the influence of Large Igneous Provinces on Proterozoic crustal evolution / Jwellys D. Samom, Talat Ahmad and A. K. Choudhary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 463, 243-268, 10 July 2017, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP463.10

Note: Contents: 1. Introduction ; Part I. Background and Fundamentals: 2. Regional climate ; 3. History of downscaling ; 4. Rationale of downscaling ; 5. User needs ; 6. Mathematical and statistical methods ; 7. Reference observations ; 8. Climate modelling ; 9. Uncertainties ; Part II. Statistical Downscaling Concepts and Methods: 10. Structure of statistical downscaling methods ; 11. Perfect prognosis ; 12. Model output statistics ; 13. Weather generators ; 14. Other approaches ; Part III. Downscaling in Practice and Outlook: 15. Evaluation ; 16. Performance of statistical downscaling ; 17. A regional modelling debate ; 18. Use of downscaling in practice ; 19. Outlook ; Appendix A ; Appendix B

Note: Contents ISOLA Code for Multiple-Point Source Modeling—Review / Jiří Zahradník and Efthimios Sokos Seismic Moment Tensors in Anisotropic Media: A Review / Václav Vavryčuk The Frequency-Domain Moment-Tensor Inversion: Retrieving the Complete Source Moment-Tensor Spectra and Time Histories / Xiaoning Yang, Brian W. Stump and Mason D. Macphail Berkeley Seismic Moment Tensor Method, Uncertainty Analysis, and Study of Non-double-couple Seismic Events / Douglas S. Dreger Estimating Stability and Resolution of Waveform Inversion Focal Mechanisms / S. Scolaro, C. Totaro, D. Presti, Sebastiano D’Amico, G. Neri and B. Orecchio The Method of Cataclastic Analysis of Discontinuous Displacements / Yu. L. Rebetsky and A. Yu. Polets Challenges in Regional Moment Tensor Resolution and Interpretation / Simone Cesca and Sebastian Heimann The Role of Moment Tensors in the Characterization of Hydraulic Stimulations / Ismael Vera Rodriguez, James Rutledge and Sergey Stanchits Constrained Moment Tensors: Source Models and Case Studies / Jan Šílený Seismic Deformation Derived from Moment Tensor Summation: Application Along the Hellenic Trench / Anastasia Kiratzi, Christoforos Benetatos and Filippos Vallianatos Estimation of Empirical Green’s Tensor Spatial Derivative Elements: A Preliminary Study Using Strong Motion Records in Southern Fukui Prefecture, Japan / Michihiro Ohori Retrieval of the Seismic Moment Tensor from Joint Measurements of Translational and Rotational Ground Motions: Sparse Networks and Single Stations / Stefanie Donner, Heiner Igel, Céline Hadziioannou and the Romy group Overview of Moment Tensor Analysis in New Zealand / John Ristau Applications of Moment Tensor Solutions to the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard in Canada / J. F. Cassidy, H. Kao, John Ristau and A. Bent Intraplate Earthquakes in Europe—Source Parameters from Regional Moment Tensor Analysis / Jochen Braunmiller Source Characteristics of the January 8, 2013 (M W = 5.7) and May 24, 2014 (M W = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence / Doğan Kalafat, Kıvanç Kekovalı and Ali Pınar Investigating the Focal Mechanisms of the August 4th, 2003, Mw 7.6, South Orkney Islands Earthquake and its Aftershocks Sequence / M. P. Plasencia Linares, M. Guidarelli, M. Russi and G. F. Panza Waveform Modelling of 2009 Bhutan Earthquake of Magnitude 6.1 (Mw) Using Local Network Data of North East India / Santanu Baruah and Midusmita Boruah Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial / Ioannis G. Kassaras and Vasilis Kapetanidis Relative Locations of Clustered Earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara and States of Local Stresses in the East of the Central Marmara Basin / Yasemin Korkusuz Öztürk and Nurcan Meral Özel Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Stress Field of the Earth Crust in Azerbaijan / G. J. Yetirmishli and S. E. Kazimova Seismotectonic Crustal Strains of the Mongol-Baikal Seismic Belt from Seismological Data / Alena Seredkina and Valentina Melnikova The Stress State of Seismic Areas of the Central and East Asia / Yu. L. Rebetsky, A. Yu. Polets, O. A. Kuchay and N. A. Sycheva The Significance of Crustal Velocity Model in Moment Tensor Solutions: A Case Study of Yedisu Earthquakes / Fatih Turhan, Musavver Didem Cambaz and Jiří Zahradník An Overview of the Seismicity and Tectonics of the Black Sea / Doğan Kalafat Coulomb Stress Changes in the Area of December 2013–January 2014 Sannio-Matese Seismic Sequence (Southern Italy) / Santanu Baruah and Sebastiano D’Amico Active Faulting in the Earth’s Crust of the Baikal Rift System Based on the Earthquake Focal Mechanisms / Vladimir A. Sankov and Anna A. Dobrynina Quaternary Stress Field and Faulting in the Western Part of the Catanzaro Trough (Calabria, Southern Italy) / F. Brutto, F. Muto, M. F. Loreto, Sebastiano D’Amico, N. De Paola, V. Tripodi and S. Critelli A Seismogenic Zone Model for Seismic Hazard Studies in Northwestern Africa / J. A. Peláez, J. Henares, M. Hamdache and C. Sanz de Galdeano A Trial Modeling of Perturbed Repeating Earthquakes Combined by Mathematical Statics, Numerical Modeling and Seismological Observations / Keisuke Ariyoshi, Shunichi Nomura, Naoki Uchida and Toshihiro Igarashi Getting Started with GMT: An Introduction for Seismologists / Matthew R. Agius Devices for a Rotational Ground Motion Measurement / Leszek R. Jaroszewicz and Anna Kurzych

Note: Zugl.: Dissertation, Technische Universität Berlin, 2017

Note: Contents Part I Challenges 1 Factor X – 25 Years – “Factor X Concept” Is Essential for Achieving Sustainable Development / Harry Lehmann, Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek, and Christopher Manstein 2 Necessities for a Resource Efficient Europe / Leida Rijnhout, Magda Stoczkiewicz, and Meadhbh Bolger 3 Global Megatrends and Resource Use – A Systemic Reflection / Ullrich Lorenz, Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, and Kristin Vala Ragnarsdottir 4 Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies / Stephan Lutter, Stefan Giljum, and Martin Bruckner 5 The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing / Jan Kosmol, Felix Müller, and Hermann Keßler 6 Equitable, Just Access to Natural Resources: Environmental Narratives during Worsening Climate Crises / Patrick Bond Part II Implementation Strategies 7 Circular Economy: Origins and Future Orientations / Riina Antikainen, David Lazarevic, and Jyri Seppälä 8 Financial System, and Energy and Resource Husbandry / R. Andreas Kraemer 9 Developing Resource Competence – Anchoring Resource Conservation and Efficiency in the German Education System / Carolin Baedeker, Holger Rohn, Michael Scharp, and Jaya Bowry 10 The Way from Problem Scope Towards the Vision of a Low Resource Society – The First Working Period of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) / Sascha Hermann and Christa Liedtke 11 Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe – Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries / Paweł Kaźmierczyk 12 The Resource Nexus and Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story / Raimund Bleischwitz and Michal Miedzinski 13 Germany’s Resource Efficiency Agenda: Driving Momentum on the National Level and Beyond / Reinhard Kaiser 14 Results of Three Cost-Effective, Innovative and Transferable Resource-Efficiency Instruments for Industries in the Basque Country / Ander Elgorriaga Kunze and Ignacio Quintana San Miguel 15 The Circular Economy Package of the European Union / Joachim Wuttke 16 Saving Natural Resources Through Conversion and Constructional Densification in Urban Areas: Ecological Potentials and Limits / Daniel Reißmann and Matthias Buchert 17 The Path to Degrowth for a Sustainable Society / Serge Latouche Part III Examples of Good Practice 18 Social Innovation Repair – The R.U.S.Z Case: A Systemic Approach Contributing to the Unplanned Obsolescence of Capitalism / Sepp Eisenriegler and Greta Sparer 19 Resource Efficiency in the Building Sector / Klaus Dosch 20 Eco Efficiency and Circular Production: Cases from the Netherlands’ Eastern Region / Frank A.G. den Butter and Harry A.A.M. Webers 21 An Approach to Identify Resource Patterns on a Neighborhood Level / Magnus Österbring, Leonardo Rosado, Holger Wallbaum, and Paul Gontia 22 Strategic Business Examples from Finland: The Growth of the Smartup Industry / Tuuli Kaskinen, Satu Lähteenoja, Mikael Sokero, and Iiris Suomela 23 Circular Flanders: Adaptive Policy for a Circular Economy / Sam Deckmyn 24 The 100 Companies Project Resource Efficient Practice Cases from Producing Industry / Mario Schmidt 25 Lifestyle Material Footprint of Finnish Households – Insights, Targets, Transitions / Michael Lettenmeier 26 Construction 4.0: The LifeCycle Tower and Digitalised Timber Construction / Hubert Rhomberg 27 Protect Resources, Strengthen the Economy: Good Examples for Resource Efficiency in Industry and Handicraft Businesses / Peter Jahns 28 Chemical Leasing: A Business Model to Drive Resource Efficiency in the Supply Chain / Reinhard Joas, Veronika Abraham, and Anke Joas 29 Resource Efficiency for the Manufacturing Industries – A Holistic Approach / Werner Maass, Christof Oberender, and Martin Vogt 30 Towards a Resource Efficient and Greenhouse Gas Neutral Germany 2050 / Jens Günther, Harry Lehmann, Ullrich Lorenz, David Pfeiffer, and Katja Purr 31 Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’ as a Catalyst for Societal Transformation? Critical Remarks and Presentation of an Inspired Exemplary Project as a Driver for Sustainability / Ulrich Bartosch, Christian Meier, and Till Weyers Index

Note: Contents: 1. Problemstellung und Grundlagen ; 2. Ideengeschichtliche Grundlagen und zweifelhafte (Standard-)Einwände gegen Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen ; 3. Friktionen der Anwendungsebene: Kosten und Nutzen, Diskontierung; Unsicherheit, Faktenbasis ; 4. Kollision der Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse mit Grundprinzipien liberal-demokratischer Ordnungen und dem Geltungsanspruch des Rechts ; 5. Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse ohne überzeugende theoretische Basis ; 6. Bleibende Relevanz von Kosten-Nutzen-Elementen in Abwägungen

Note: Contents: Introduction; Part I. Foundations: 1. Emergence and development of international environmental law; 2. Main features of international environmental law; 3. The principles of international environmental law; Part II. Substantive Regulation: 4. Oceans, seas and freshwater; 5. Atmosphere; 6. Biological diversity; 7. Dangerous substances and activities; Part III. Implementation: 8. Traditional approaches: responsibility/liability/adjudication; 9. Alternative approaches - facilitation and management of 'noncompliance'; Part IV. Interactions with Other Branches: 10. Interactions with human rights law; 11. Interactions with the law of armed conflict; 12. Interactions with international economic law

Note: Contents: Preface and acknowledgments ; 1. Introduction and overview ; 2. Technologies ; 3. International law ; 4. US law 5. Liability and compensation ; 6. Research governance ; 7. Conclusions and recommendations

Note: Geleitwort in englischer Sprache

Note: Dissertation, Universität Potsdam, 2018 , Contents Acknowledgements Abstract (English/Deutsch/Français) List of figures List of tables 1 Introduction 1.1 Scientic background 1.1.1 The Arctic coast, permafrost and climate change 1.1.2 Organic carbon in permafrost soils 1.1.3 Hillslope thermokarst processes 1.2 Aims 1.3 Study region 1.4 Methods 1.4.1 Mapping 1.4.2 Spline interpolation and volumes estimations 1.4.3 Fieldwork 1.4.4 Geochemical analyses 1.4.5 Statistical analyses 1.5 Thesis outline 1.6 Authors’ contributions 2 Synthesis 2.1 Retrogressive thaw slumps are widely spread in ice-rich permafrost areas 2.2 Retrogressive thaw slumps contribute signicantly to the nearshore or-ganic carbon 2.3 Thermokarst impacts the distribution of soil organic carbon along hill-slopes 2.4 Outlook . 3 Terrain Controls on the Occurrence of Coastal RTSs 3.1 Abstract 3.2 Introduction 3.3 Study area 3.4 Methods 3.4.1 Mapping of retrogressive thaw slumps and landform classication 3.4.2 Environmental variables 3.4.3 Univariate regression trees 3.5 Results 3.5.1 Characteristics of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.5.2 Density and areal coverage of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.6 Discussion 3.6.1 Characteristics and distribution of retrogressive thaw slumps 3.6.2 Terrain factors explaining retrogressive thaw slump occurrence 3.6.3 Coastal Processes 3.7 Conclusion 4 RTSs release sediments and organic carbon into the Arctic Ocean 4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Study Area 4.4 Methods 4.4.1 Evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps 4.4.2 Volume Estimations 4.4.3 Estimates of soil and dissolved organic carbon values 4.5 Results 4.5.1 Evolution of retrogressive thaw slumps between 1952 and 2011 4.5.2 Eroded material and estimated amount of mobilized SOC and DOC 4.6 Discussion 4.6.1 Increase in slump activity 4.6.2 Eroded material from retrogressive thaw slumps and organic car-bon uxes 4.6.3 Impact of retrogressive thaw slumps on the coastal ecosystem 4.7 Conclusion 5 Snapshot of carbon and nitrogen distribution in Arctic valleys 5.1 Abstract 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Study Area 5.4 Methods 5.4.1 Spatial analyses 5.4.2 Sampling Scheme 5.4.3 Geochemical analyses 5.4.4 Environmental variables and statistical analyses 5.5 Results 5.5.1 Geomorphology of the valleys 5.5.2 Spatial distribution of carbon and nitrogen 5.5.3 Correlations between soil characteristics and geochemical variables 5.6 Discussion 5.6.1 Variability in soil and geochemical properties in Arctic valleys 5.6.2 Hillslope Processes 5.7 Conclusion 6 Eidessttatliche Erklärung A Appendix A.1 Chapter 3 A.2 Chapter 4 A.3 Chapter 5 Bibliography

Note: Text auf Englisch; Vorwort auf Deutsch, Französisch und Englisch; Zusammenfassung auf Englisch

Note: Contents: Introduction -- Understanding energy poverty in the world -- The political economy of energy poverty -- Persistent energy poverty in India -- Country case studies : determinants of success -- Country case studies : when success eludes -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Note: Contents: Preface to Fourth Edition. - Preface to Third Edition. - Preface to Second Edition. - Preface to First Edition. - Acknowledgments. - PART I THE PERIGLACIAL DOMAIN. - 1 Introduction. - 1.1 The Periglacial Concept. - 1.2 Diagnostic Criteria. - 1.3 Periglacial Environments. - 1.4 The Periglacial Domain. - 1.5 The Periglacial Domain and the Cryosphere. - 1.6 Disciplinary Considerations. - 1.6.1 The Growth of Geocryology. - 1.6.2 The Challenge of Quaternary Science. - 1.6.3 Periglacial Geomorphology or Cold-Region Geomorphology?. - 1.7 Societal Considerations. - 1.8 The Growth of Periglacial Knowledge. - 2 Periglacial Climates. - 2.1 Boundary Conditions. - 2.2 Cold Deserts. - 2.3 Regional Climates. - 2.3.1 High Arctic Climates. - 2.3.2 Continental Climates. - 2.3.3 Alpine Climates. - 2.3.4 Montane Climates. - 2.3.5 Climates of Low Annual Temperature Range. - 2.3.6 Antarctica: A Special Case. - 2.4 Snow and Ice. - 2.5 Wind. - 2.6 Ground Climates. - 2.6.1 The 'n'-Factor. - 2.6.2 The Thermal Offset. - 2.6.3 The Ground Temperature Regime. - 2.7 Periglacial Climates and Global Climate Change. - 2.7.1 Basic Facts. - 2.7.2 Why Climate-Cryosphere Interactions Accelerate Climate Warming. - 3 Periglacial Ecosystems. - 3.1 General Statement. - 3.2 Biogeographic Zonation and Major Vegetation Types. - 3.3 Adaptations to Cold, Snow, Wind and Aridity. - 3.4 The Effect of Vegetation. - 3.5 The Polar Deserts. - 3.5.1 The High Arctic Polar Deserts. - 3.5.2 The High Arctic Polar Semi-Deserts. - 3.6 The Polar Desert-Tundra Transition. - 3.7 The Low-Arctic Tundra. - 3.8 The Forest-Tundra Bioclimatic Boundary (The Tree Line). - 3.9 The Boreal Forest. - 3.10 The Alpine and Montane Ecosystems. - 3.11 Antarctica - A Special Case. - 3.12 Periglacial Ecosystems and Climate Change. - PART II FROZEN GROUND AND PERMAFROST. - 4 Ground Freezing, Permafrost and the Active Layer. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Ground Freezing. - 4.2.1 Basic Concepts. - 4.2.2 Ice Segregation. - 4.2.3 "The Frozen Fringe'. - 4.2.4 Frost Heave. - 4.3 Perennially-Frozen Ground (Permafrost). - 4.4 Moisture and Ice Within Permafrost. - 4.5 Thermal and Physical Properties. - 4.5.1 The Geothermal Regime. - 4.5.2 The TTOP Model. - 4.5.3 Physical Properties. - 4.5.4 Thermal Properties. - 4.6 Permafrost Hydrology. - 4.6.1 Aquifers. - 4.6.2 Hydrochemistry. - 4.6.3 Groundwater Icings. - 4.7 The Active Layer. - 4.7.1 Terminology. - 4.7.2 The Active-Layer Thermal Regime. - 4.7.3 The Transient Layer. - 4.7.4 The Stefan Equation. - 5 Permafrost Distribution and Stability. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Controls over Permafrost Distribution. - 5.2.1 Relief and Aspect. - 5.2.2 Rock Type. - 5.2.3 Vegetation. - 5.2.4 Snow Cover. - 5.2.5 Fire. - 5.2.6 Lakes and Surface Water Bodies. - 5.3 Spatial Extent of Permafrost and Frozen Ground. - 5.3.1 Latitudinal Permafrost. - 5.3.2 Alpine (Mountain) Permafrost. - 5.3.3 Montane Permafrost. - 5.3.4 Seasonally-Frozen Ground. - 5.4 Sub-Sea and Relict Permafrost. - 5.4.1 Sub-Sea Permafrost. - 5.4.2 Relict (Terrestrial) Permafrost. - 5.5 Permafrost and Ecosystems. - 5.6 Permafrost Monitoring and Mapping. - 5.6.1 CALM and GTN-P (TSP). - 5.6.2 BTS and Mountain Permafrost Probability Mapping. - 5.7 Climate Warming and Permafrost. - 5.7.1 Evidence for Warming Permafrost. - 5.7.2 Evidence for Thawing Permafrost. - 6 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Quantitative Parameters. - 6.3 Epigenetic, Syngenetic and Polygenetic Permafrost. - 6.4 Classification. - 6.4.1 The Russian Approach. - 6.4.2 The North American Approach. - 6.5 Main Ground Ice Types. - 6.5.1 Pore Ice. - 6.5.2 Segregated Ice. - 6.5.3 Intrusive Ice. - 6.5.4 Vein Ice. - 6.5.5 Other Types of Ice. - 6.6 Ice Distribution. - 6.6.1 Amounts. - 6.6.2 Distribution with Depth. - 6.6.3 Ice in Bedrock. - 6.6.4 Ice in Poorly-Lithified Sediments. - 6.7 Cryostratigraphy and Cryolithology. - 6.7.1 Cryostructural Analysis. - 6.7.2 Cryostructures of Epigenetic and Syngenetic Permafrost. - 6.7.3 Thaw Unconformities. - 6.7.4 Aggradational Ice. - 6.7.5 Icy Bodies and Ice, Sand and Soil Pseudomorphs. - 6.8 Ice Crystallography. - 6.9 Ice Geochemistry. - 6.10 Massive Ice and Massive-Icy Bodies. - 6.10.1 Nature and Extent. - 6.10.2 Intra-Sedimental Ice. - 6.10.3 Buried Glacier Ice. - 6.11 Cryostratigraphy and Past Environments. - 7 Aggradational Permafrost Landforms. - 7.1 Introduction. - 7.2 How Does Permafrost Aggrade?. - 7.2.1 The Illisarvik Drained-Lake Experiment. - 7.3 Thermal-Contraction-Crack Polygons. - 7.3.1 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion and Contraction. - 7.3.2 Ice, Sand and Soil ('Ground') Wedges. - 7.3.3 Development of the Polygon Net. - 7.3.4 Polygon Morphology. - 7.3.5 Controls over Cracking. - 7.3.6 Climatic Significance. - 7.4 Ice and Sand Wedges. - 7.4.1 Epigenetic Wedges. - 7.4.2 Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.3 Anti-Syngenetic Wedges. - 7.4.4 Growth and Deformation of Wedges. - 7.5 Organic Terrain. - 7.5.1 Palsas. - 7.5.2 Peat Plateaus. - 7.6 Frost Mounds. - 7.6.1 Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.2 Hydraulic (Open) System Pingos. - 7.6.3 Hydrostatic (Closed) System Pingos. - 7.6.4 Other Perennial-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.5 Seasonal-Frost Mounds. - 7.6.6 Hydrolaccoliths and Other Frost-Induced Mounds. - 8 Thermokarst Processes and Landforms. - 8.1 Introduction. - 8.2 Thawing Ground. - 8.2.1 Thaw Strain and Thaw Settlement. - 8.2.2 Potential Depths of Soil Freezing and Thawing. - 8.2.3 The Development of Thermokarst. - 8.3 Causes of Thermokarst. - 8.3.1 General Comments. - 8.3.2 Specific Causes. - 8.4 Thaw-Related Processes. - 8.4.1 Thermokarst Subsidence (Thaw Settlement). - 8.4.2 Thermal Erosion. - 8.4.3 Other Processes. - 8.5 Thermokarst Sediments and Structures. - 8.5.1 Involuted Structures. - 8.5.2 Retrogressive-Thaw-Slumps and Debris-Flow Deposits. - 8.5.3 Ice-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Composite-Wedge Casts. - 8.5.4 Ice, Silt, Sand and Gravel Pseudomorphs. - 8.6 Thermokarst Landscapes. - 8.6.1 The Alas-Thermokarst Relief of Central Yakutia. - 8.6.2 The Western North American Arctic. - 8.6.3 The Ice-Free Areas of Continental Antarctica. - 8.7 Ice-Wedge Thermokarst Relief. - 8.7.1 Low-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.2 High-Centred Polygons. - 8.7.3 Badland Thermokarst Relief. - 8.8 Thaw Lakes and Depressions. - 8.8.1 Lakes and Taliks. - 8.8.2 Morphology. - 8.8.3 Growth and Drainage. - 8.8.4 Oriented Thaw Lakes. - Part III Periglacial Geomorphology. - 9 Cold-Climate Weathering. - 9.1 Introduction. - 9.2 General Weathering Facts. - 9.3 Freezing and Thawing Indices. - 9.4 Rock (Frost?) Shattering. - 9.4.1 Frost Action and Ice Segregation. - 9.4.2 Insolation and Thermal Shock. - 9.4.3 Perspective. - 9.5 Chemical Weathering. - 9.5.1 Karkevagge. - 9.5.2 Solution and Karstification. - 9.5.3 Salt Weathering. - 9.6 Cryogenic Weathering. - 9.6.1 Cryogenic Disintegration. - 9.6.2 The Coefficient of Cryogenic Contrast. - 9.6.3 Physico-Chemical Changes. - 9.6.4 Problematic Phenomena. - 9.7 Cryobiological Weathering. - 9.8 Rates of Cold-Climate Bedrock Weathering. - 9.9 Cryosols and Cryopedology. - 9.9.1 Cryosols. - 9.9.2 Classification. - 9.9.3 Cryosolic Micromorphology. - 10 Mass-Wasting Processes and Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.1 Introduction. - 10.2 Slow Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.2.1 Solifluction. - 10.2.2 Frost Creep. - 10.2.3 Gelifluction. - 10.2.4 Solifluction Deposits and Phenomena. - 10.3 Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes. - 10.3.1 Active-Layer-Detachment Slides. - 10.3.2 Debris Flows, Slush Flows and Avalanches. - 10.3.3 Rockfall. - 10.4 Snow Hydrology and Slopewash Processes. - 10.4.1 Snow Hydrology and Snowbanks. - 10.4.2 Surface and Subsurface Wash. - 10.5 Active-Layer Phenomena. - 10.5.1 Frost Heaving. - 10.5.2 Bedrock Heave. - 10.5.3 Upward Heaving of Stones and Objects. - 10.5.4 Stone Tilting. - 10.5.5 Ne

Note: Environment and conflict -- Context matters : Ogoni and place making -- Locale : political and cultural context of mobilisation -- Landscape, capital and violence -- Why the Ogoni mobilised -- From grievances to micro-mobilisation : how the Ogoni mobilised -- Cultural basis of mobilisation -- Mobilisation : a place for moral motivation? -- Place and limit of mobilisation -- Conclusion.

Note: Contents: Part 1: The legal and institutional framework -- The environment and international society: issues, concepts and definitions -- History -- Governance: states, international organisations and non-state actors -- International law-making and regulation -- Compliance: implementation, enforcement, dispute settlement -- Part 2: Principles and rules establishing standards -- General principles and rules -- Atmospheric protection -- Climate change -- Freshwater resources -- Biological diversity -- Oceans, seas and marine living resources -- Hazardous substances and activities, and waste -- The polar regions: antarctica and the arctic -- Part 3: Techniques for implementing international principles and rules -- Environmental impact assessment -- Environmental information and technology transfer -- Liability for environmental damage -- Part 4: Linkage of international environmental law and other areas of international law -- Human rights and international humanitarian law -- International economic law: trade, investment and intellectual property -- Future developments

Note: Contents: Introduction: The Indispensable State, Sustaining Our Future ; 1 Debunking "Sustainability": Moving beyond "Feel-Good" Slogans ; 2 Sustainability by the State, Not Markets or Technology; 3 The State of Growth ; 4 Working with the State: Building the Social Security Net ; 5 The State's Obligations ; 6 Authority, Not Authoritarianism ; 7 Checks and Balances ; 8 Redefining Freedom, Rights, and Prosperity ; 9 The Tropical Haze Crisis ; 10 The Tropical City Is No Paradise ; 11 China: The Strong State? ; 12 Transition: From Business as Usual to the Sustainable State ; Conclusion: Either States Act, or Doom Looms

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. History and evolution of the postdoctoral scholar in the United States / Keith Micoli and Steve Wendell 2. A review of postdoc reforms in the United States and the case of the Fair Labor Standards Act updates of 2016 / Adriana Bankston and Gary S. McDowell 3. Institutional support, programs, and policies for postdoctoral training / Nisha A. Cavanaugh 4. Postdoc scholars in S&E departments : plights, departmental expectations, and policies / Xuhong Su and Mary Alexander 5. Proactive postdoc mentoring / Sarah C. Hokanson and Bennett B. Goldberg 6. Career coherence, agency, and the postdoctoral scholar / Karen J. Haley, Tara D. Hudson and Audrey J. Jaeger 7. European cross-national mixed-method study on early career researcher experience / Montserrat Castelló, Kirsi Pyhältö and Lynn McAlpine 8. Postdoc trajectories : making visible the invisible / Lynn McAlpine 9. Global perspectives on the postdoctoral scholar experience / Karri Holley ... [et al.]

Note: Contents Preface Acknowledgements 1 Introduction 1.1 The Periglacial Concept: Definitions and Scope 1.2 The Periglacial Realm 1.3 The Development of Periglacial Geomorphology 1.4 Periglacial Geomorphology: The Quaternary Context 1.5 The Aims and Organization of this Book 2 Periglacial Environments 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Periglacial Climates 2.3 Soils in Periglacial Environments 2.4 Vegetation Cover in Periglacial Environments 2.5 Synthesis 3 Ground Freezing and Thawing 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Ground Heating and Cooling 3.3 Soil Freezing 3.4 Ice Segregation in Freezing Soils 3.5 Thaw Consolidation 3.6 Synthesis 4 Permafrost 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Permafrost Thermal Regime 4.3 Classification of Permafrost 4.4 Detection, Mapping and Modelling of Permafrost 4.5 Permafrost Distribution 4.6 Permafrost-glacier Interactions 4.7 The Geomorphic Importance of Permafrost 5 Ground Ice and Cryostratigraphy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Genetic Classification of Ground Ice 5.3 Description of Ground Ice 5.4 Ice Contacts 5.5 Cryostratigraphy 5.6 The Transition Zone 5.7 Massive Ground Ice 5.8 Yedoma 6 Thermal Contraction Cracking: Ice Wedges and Related Landforms 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermal Contraction Cracking and Polygon Evolution 6.3 Ice Veins and Ice Wedges 6.4 Ice-wedge Polygons 6.5 Sand Veins and Sand Wedges 6.6 Composite Veins and Composite Wedges 6.7 Sand-wedge Polygons 6.8 Frost Cracking of Seasonally Frozen Ground 6.9 Thaw Modification of Frost Wedges 6.10 Frost-Wedge Pseudomorphs and Frost Polygons in Areas of Past Permafrost 7 Pingos, Palsas and other Frost Mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Characteristics of Pingos 7.3 Hydrostatic Pingos 7.4 Hydraulic Pingos 7.5 Pingo Problems and Problem Pingos 7.6 Segregation Ice Mounds: Palsas, Lithalsas and Related Landforms 7.7 Palsas 7.8 Peat Plateaus 7.9 Lithalsas 7.10 Permafrost Plateaus 7.11 Other Permafrost Mounds 7.12 Ephemeral Frost Mounds 7.13 Relict Permafrost Mounds 8 Thermokarst 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Thermokarst Lakes and Drained Lake Basins 8.3 Thermokarst Pits, Bogs and Fens 8.4 Retrogressive Thaw Slumps 8.5 Small-scale Thermokarst Features: Beaded Streams, Sinkholes and Thermokarst Gullies 8.6 Sediment Structures associated with Thermokarst 8.7 Relict Thermokarst Phenomena 9 Seasonally Frozen Ground Phenomena 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Upfreezing of Clasts 9.3 Frost Heave of Bedrock 9.4 Patterned Ground: The Embroidery on the Landscape 9.5 Patterned Ground Processes 9.6 Sorted Patterned Ground 9.7 Nonsorted Patterned Ground 9.8 Cryoturbations 9.9 Pedogenic Effects of Freezing and Thawing 9.10 Fragipans 9.11 Synthesis 10 Rock Weathering and Associated Landforms 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Physical Weathering Processes 10.3 Chemical Weathering Processes 10.4 Biotic Weathering Processes 10.5 Weathering Processes in Periglacial Environments 10.6Cold-climate Karst 10.7 Tors 10.8 Blockfields and Related Periglacial Regolith Covers 10.9 Brecciated Bedrocks 11 Periglacial Mass Movement and Hillslope Evolution 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Solifluction Processes 11.3 Solifluction Landforms 11.4 Pleistocene Solifluction Landforms and Slope Deposits 11.5 Active-layer Failures 11.6 Permafrost Creep 11.7 Nivation 11.8 Cryoplanation 11.9 Slope Form and Slope Evolution 12 Talus Slopes and Related Landforms 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Rockfall Talus 12.3 The Geomorphic Role of Snow Avalanches 12.4 Debris-flow Activity 12.5 Rock Glaciers 12.6 Pronival (Protalus) Ramparts 12.7 Synthesis 13 Fluvial Processes and Landforms 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Periglacial Hydrology 13.3 Slopewash 13.4 Slushflows 13.5 Sediment Transport in Periglacial Rivers 13.6 Bank and Channel Erosion 13.7 River Channels 13.8 Alluvial Landforms in Periglacial Environments 13.9 Valley Form 13.10 Pleistocene Periglacial Rivers 13.11 Synthesis 14 Wind Action 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Aeolian Processes 14.3 Wind Erosion in Present Periglacial Environments 14.4 Aeolian Deposits in Present Periglacial Environments 14.5 Quaternary Aeolian Deposits 14.6 Synthesis 15 Periglacial Coasts 15.1 Introduction 15.2 The Nature of Periglacial Coasts 15.3 The Role of Ice in Shoreline Evolution 15.4 Ice-rich Permafrost Coasts 15.5 Thermokarst Coasts 15.6 Barrier Coasts 15.7 Salt Marshes and Tidal Flats 15.8 Rock Coasts 15.9 Raised and Inherited Shorelines 15.10 Lake Shorelines 15.11 Synthesis 16 Past Periglacial Environments 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction Based on Periglacial Features 16.3 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles 16.4 Pre-Late Devensian Periglacial Features in the British Isles 16.5 The Dimlington Stade in the British Isles 16.6 The Younger Dryas (Loch Lomond) Stade in the British Isles 16.7 Past Periglacial Environments of the British Isles: Commentary 16.8 Late Weichselian Periglacial Environments in Continental Europe 16.9 Late Wisconsinan Periglacial Environments in North America 16.10 Permafrost Extent in the Northern Hemisphere During the Last Glacial Stage 16.11 Concluding Comments 17 Climate Change and Periglacial Environments 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Permafrost Degradation 17.3 Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in the Circumpolar North 17.4Geomorphological Implications of Climate Change in High Mountain Environments 17.5 Climate Change ,Permafrost Degradation and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 17.6 Conclusion Appendix: Text Abbreviations, Units and Symbols Employed in Equations References Index

Note: Table of contents Preface About the authors Acknowledgements Dedication List of figures List of tables List of symbols Part I Introduction and characteristics of permafrost I Definition and description 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Additional terms originating in Russia 1.3 History of permafrost research 1.4 Measurement of ground temperature 1.5 Conduction, convection and advection 1.6 Therm al regimes in regions based on heat conduction 1.7 Continentality index 1.8 Moisture movement in the active layer during freezing and thawing 1.9 Moisture conditions in permafrost ground 1.10 Results of freezing moisture 1.11 Strength of ice 1.12 Cryosols, gelisols, and leptosols 1.13 Fragipans 1.14 Salinity in permafrost regions 1.15 Organic matter 1.16 Micro-organisms in permafrost 1.16.1 Antarctic permafrost 1.16.2 High-latitude permafrost 1.16.3 High altitude permafrost in China 1.16.4 Phenotypic traits 1.16.5 Relation to climate change on the Tibetan plateau 1.17 Gas and gas hydrates 1.18 Thermokarst areas 1.19 Offshore permafrost 2 Cryogenic processes where temperatures dip below 0°C 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The nature of ice and water 2.3 Effects of oil pollution on freezing 2.4 Freezing and thawing of the active layer in permafrost in equilibrium with a stable climate 2.5 Relation of clay mineralogy to the average position of the permafrost table 2.6 Ground temperature envelopes in profiles affected by changes in mean annual ground surface temperature (MASGT) 2.7 Needle ice 2.8 Frost heaving 2.9 Densification and thaw settlement 2.10 Cryostratigraphy, cryostructures, cryotextures and cryofacies 2.11 Ground cracking 2.12 Dilation cracking 2.13 Frost susceptibility 2.14 Cryoturbation, gravity processes and injection structures 2.14.1 Cryoturbation 2.14.2 Upward injection of sediments from below 2.14.3 Load-casting 2.15 Upheaving of objects 2.16 Upturning of objects 2.17 Sorting 2.18 Weathering and frost comminution 2.19 Karst in areas with permafrost 2.20 Seawater density and salinity 3 Factors affecting permafrost distribution 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Climatic factors 3.2.1 Heat balance on the surface of the Earth and its effect on the climate 3.2.2 Relationship between air and ground temperatures 3.2.3 Thermal offset 3.2.4 Relation to air masses 3.2.5 Precipitation 3.2.6 Latitude and longitude 3.2.7 Topography and altitude 3.2.8 Cold air drainage 3.2.9 Buffering of temperatures against change in mountain ranges 3.3 Terrain factors 3.3.1 Vegetation 3.3.2 Hydrology 3.3.3 Lakes and water bodies 3.3.4 Nature of the soil and rock 3.3.5 Fire 3.3.6 Glaciers 3.3.7 The effects of Man 4 Permafrost distribution 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Zonation of permafrost 4.3 Permafrost mapping 4.4 Examples of mapping units used 4.5 Modeling permafrost distribution 4.6 Advances in geophysical methods 4.7 Causes of variability reducing the reliability of small-scale maps 4.8 Maps of permafrost-related properties based on field observations 4.8.1 Permafrost thickness 4.8.2 Maps of ice content 4.8.3 Water resources locked up in perennially frozen ground 4.8.4 Total carbon content 4.9 Use of remote sensing and airborne platforms in monitoring environmental conditions and disturbances 4.10 Sensitivity to climate change: Hazard zonation 4.11 Classification of permafrost stability based on mean annual ground temperature Part II Permafrost landforms II. 1 Introduction 5 Frost cracking, ice-wedges, sand, loess and rock tessellons 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Primary and secondary wedges 5.2.1 Primary wedges 5.2.1.1 Ice-wedges 5.2.1.2 Sand tessellons 5.2.1.3 Loess tessellons 5.2.1.4 Rock tessellons 5.2.2 Secondary wedges 5.2.2.1 Ice-wedge casts 5.2.2.2 Soil wedges 6 Massive ground ice in lowlands 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Distribution of massive icy beds in surface sediments 6.3 Sources of the sediments 6.4 Deglaciation of the Laurentide ice sheet 6.5 Methods used to determine the origin of the massive icy beds 6.6 Massive icy beds interpreted as being formed by cryosuction 6.7 Massive icy beds that may represent stagnant glacial ice 6.8 Other origins of massive icy beds 6.9 Ice complexes including yedoma deposits 6.10 Conditions for growth of thick ice-wedges 6.11 The mechanical condition of the growth of ice-wedges and its connection to the properties of the surrounding sediments 6.12 Buoyancy of ice-wedges 6.13 Summary of the ideas explaining yedoma evolution 6.14 Aufeis 6.15 Perennial ice caves 6.16 Types of ice found in perennial ice caves 6.17 Processes involved in the formation of perennial ice caves 6.18 Cycles of perennial cave evolution 6.18.1 Perennial ice caves in deep hollows 6.18.2 Sloping caves with two entrances 6.18.3 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance but air entering through cracks and joints in the bedrock walls 6.18.4 Perennial ice caves with only one main entrance and no other sources of cooling 6.19 Ice caves in subtropical climates 6.20 Massive blocks of ice in bedrock or soil 7 Permafrost mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Mounds over 2.5 m diameter 7.2.1 Mounds formed predominantly of injection ice 7.2.1.1 Pingo mounds 7.2.1.2 Hydrostatic or closed system pingos 7.2.1.3 Hydraulic or open system pingos 7.2.1.4 Pingo plateaus 7.2.1.5 Seasonal frost mounds 7.2.1.6 Icing blisters 7.2.1.7 Perennial mounds of uncertain origin 7.2.1.8 Similar mounds that can be confused with injection phenomena 7.2.2 Mounds formed dominantly by cryosuction 7.2.2.1 Paisas 7.2.2.1.1 Paisas in maritime climates 7.2.2.1.2 Paisas in cold, continental climates 7.2.2.1.3 Lithalsas 7.2.2.1.4 Palsa/Lithalsa look-alikes 7.2.3 Mounds formed by the accumulation of ice in the thawing fringe: Peat plateaus 7.3 Cryogenic mounds less than 2.5 m in diameter 7.3.1 Oscillating hummocks 7.3.2 Thufurs 7.3.3 Silt-cycling hummocks 7.3.4 Niveo-aeolian hummocks 7.3.5 Similar-looking mounds of uncertain origin 7.3.6 String bogs 7.3.7 Pounus 8 Mass wasting of fine-grained materials in cold climates 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Classification of mass wasting 8.3 Slow flows 8.3.1 Cryogenic creep 8.3.1.1 Needle ice creep 8.3.1.2 Frost heave and frost creep 8.3.1.3 Gelifluction 8.3.1.4 Other creep-type contributions to downslope movement of soil 8.3.2 Landforms produced by cryogenic slow flows in humid areas 8.3.3 Landforms developed by cryogenic flows in more arid regions 8.4 Cryogenic fast flows 8.4.1 Cryogenic debris flows 8.4.2 Cryogenic slides and slumps 8.4.3 Cryogenic composite slope failures 8.4.3.1 Active-layer detachment slides 8.4.3.2 Retrogressive thaw failures 8.4.3.3 Snow avalanches and slushflows 8.4.3.3.1 Snow avalanches 8.4.3.3.2 Slush avalanches 8.5 Relative effect in moving debris downslope in the mountains 9 Landforms consisting of blocky materials in cold climates 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Source of the blocks 9.3 Influence of rock type 9.4 Weathering products 9.5 Biogenic weathering 9.6 Fate of the soluble salts produced by chemical and biogenic weathering 9.7 Rate of cliff retreat 9.8 Landforms resulting from the accumulation of predominantly blocky materials in cryogenic climates 9.8.1 Cryogenic block fields 9.8.1.1 Measurement of rates of release of blocks on slopes 9.8.2 Cryogenic block slopes and fans 9.8.3 Classification of cryogenic talus slopes 9.8.3.1 Coarse blocky talus slopes 9.8.4 Protection of infrastructure from falling rock 9.9 Talus containing significant amounts of finer material 9.9.1 Rock glaciers 9.9.1.1 Sedimentary composition and structure of active rock glaciers 9.9.1.2 Origin of the ice in active rock glaciers 9.9.1.3 Relationship to vegetation 9.9.2 Movement of active rock glaciers 9.9.2.1 Horizontal movement 9.9.2.2 Movement of the front 9.9.3 Distribution of active rock glaciers 9.9.4 Inactive and fossil rock glaciers 9.9.5 Streams flowing from under rock glaciers 9.10 Cryogenic block streams 9.10.1 Characteristics 9.10.2 Classification 9.10.2.1

Note: Contents: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Themes, Approach and Structure of the Book -- 1.1.1 Methodology and Approach -- 1.1.2 Structure and Themes -- References -- Chapter 2: Political Coalitions in Agricultural and Food Policies -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Value Chains and Political Coalitions -- 2.2.1 Consumers -- 2.2.2 Landowners -- 2.2.3 Environmental Concerns -- 2.2.4 International Interests -- 2.2.5 Globalization of Value Chains and New International Coalitions -- 2.2.6 GM Regulations and Agribusiness -- 2.2.7 An Iron Triangle of Food Aid -- 2.2.8 Food, Feed, and Fuel -- 2.2.9 Insuring Crops or the Insurance Industry? -- 2.2.10 Consumer-Farmer Coalitions -- 2.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Factors Influencing Policy Choices -- 3.1 Income Distribution -- 3.1.1 Relative Income and Loss Aversion -- 3.1.2 Inequality and Ideology -- 3.2 Economic Structure -- 3.3 Deadweight Costs and Transaction Costs -- 3.4 Political Institutions -- 3.4.1 Political Regimes -- 3.4.2 Democratization and Agricultural Policies -- 3.4.3 Bureaucracies and Institutions -- 3.5 Ideology -- 3.6 Political Organization -- 3.7 Information -- 3.7.1 The Rationally Ignorant Voter -- 3.7.2 Mass Media -- 3.7.3 The Bad News Hypothesis -- 3.7.4 Information and Policy Instrument Choice -- 3.8 Crises -- 3.9 International Institutions -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- Part II -- Chapter 4: The Development Paradox -- 4.1 Economic Growth, Restructuring, and Political Incentives -- 4.1.1 Information Costs -- 4.1.2 Political Organization -- 4.1.3 Political Reforms -- 4.2 Development and Policy Combinations -- References -- Chapter 5: Anti-Trade Bias and the Political Economy of Instrument Choice -- 5.1 Anti-Trade Bias -- 5.2 Political Economy of Instrument Choice 5.3 Instrument Choice, Trade, and International Institutions -- References -- Chapter 6: Development Paradox and Anti-Trade Bias Revisited? -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Reform and Decline of Agricultural Taxation in Poor Countries 1980-2010 -- 6.2.1 Economic Growth: The Development Paradox at Work -- 6.2.2 Political Reforms and Mass Media -- 6.2.3 Structural-Adjustment Programs and Policy Conditionality -- 6.2.4 Summary -- 6.3 Reform of Agricultural Subsidies in Rich Countries -- 6.3.1 The WTO and Policy Reforms -- References -- Chapter 7: Policy Reform in History: Europe, the USA, and China -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Europe -- 7.2.1 Free Trade in Europe -- 7.2.2 The Agricultural Crisis of the Late Nineteenth Century -- 7.2.3 The Growth of Agricultural Protection in the Mid-­Twentieth Century -- 7.2.4 The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) -- 7.2.5 A Perfect Storm -- 7.3 USA -- 7.3.1 The Emergence of the Farm Bills -- 7.3.2 Political Coalitions in the Farm Bill -- 7.3.3 Persistence and Policy Reforms -- 7.3.4 Recoupling Through Crop Insurance and Biofuels -- 7.4 China -- 7.4.1 Political Changes, Grassroots Pressure, and Agricultural Reform -- 7.4.2 The World's Largest Agricultural Subsidy Program -- References -- Part III -- Chapter 8: Food Price Volatility -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Benefits and Costs of Price Stabilization -- 8.2.1 Balancing Volatility and Distortions -- 8.3 Trading-off Volatility and Distortions? Empirical Observations -- 8.4 Food Politics with Price Volatility -- References -- Chapter 9: Crises, Media, and Agricultural Development Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Right Price of Food -- 9.2.1 Some Basic Principles -- 9.3 Communications on Price Effects on Poverty and Food Security -- 9.4 The Market for Communication, Mass Media, and Donor Funding -- 9.4.1 Communication Incentives -- 9.4.2 Mass Media and Social Media 9.5 Food Prices and Development Policy Priorities and Funding -- 9.6 Bad News and Good Policies? -- References -- Chapter 10: Food Standards -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Efficiency and Equity Effects -- 10.3 Government Decision-Making on Standards -- 10.4 Development and Pro-Standard and Anti-­Standard Coalitions -- 10.5 Standards and Trade -- 10.6 The Persistence of Standards: Dynamic Political Economics -- 10.7 Trade and Political Dynamics -- References -- Chapter 11: Public Investments in Agricultural and Food Research -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Spillover Effects of Public Research -- 11.3 Distributional Effects of Public Research Investment -- 11.4 Economic Development and Research Investment -- 11.5 Trade and the Impacts of Public Research -- 11.6 Interactions with Other Policies -- References -- Chapter 12: Land and Institutional Reforms -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Political Reforms and Land Reforms: Lessons from Early Twentieth-Century Western Europe -- 12.2.1 Efficiency of Land Rental and Sales Markets -- 12.2.2 A Political Economy Answer to the Puzzle -- 12.2.3 Political Reforms in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries and Land Tenure Reforms -- 12.2.4 Tenure Reform Patterns -- 12.3 Political Changes and Institutional Reforms: Lessons from East Asia and Eastern Europe in the Late Twentieth Century -- 12.3.1 Leadership Change, Reforms, and Legitimacy of the Political System in China -- 12.3.2 Economic Reforms and Political Collapse in Eastern Europe -- 12.3.3 Grassroots Pressure and Leadership Support for Reforms -- 12.4 Historical Legacies and Land Reforms -- 12.4.1 Transfer Landownership or Use Rights? -- 12.4.2 Transfer Land to the Current Users or Previous Owners? -- 12.4.3 In-Kind Versus Share Distribution of Land? -- 12.5 Conclusions: Political Regime Change and Grassroots Pressure -- References -- Chapter 13: Policy Interactions 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Economic Interaction Effects -- 13.3 Political Interaction Effects: Compensation -- 13.4 An Illustration of EIEs and PIES -- 13.4.1 Interactions of Public Agricultural Research Investment and Commodity Policies -- 13.4.2 EIEs with Fixed Commodity Policy -- 13.4.3 EIEs with Endogenous Commodity Policy -- 13.4.4 Politically Optimal PARI with Commodity Policy -- 13.4.5 Economic Development and Endogenous Research and Commodity Policies -- 13.5 Institutions and Credible Compensation -- 13.5.1 Compensation, Enforcement, and Institutions -- References -- Index

Note: Contents: Chapter1. Introduction: Climate change and lifestyle - the relevance of new concepts for socialecological research -- Chapter2. Approaches of measuring human impacts on climate change -- Chapter3. The research context: India and the megacity of Hyderabad -- Chapter4. Conceptualisation and operationalisation - A social geography of climate change: Social-cultural mentalities, lifestyle, and related GHG emission effects in Indian cities -- Chapter5. Results part I - Descriptive analysis of manifest variables and preparation of latent components for the lifestyle analysis -- Chapter6. Results part II - Income, practice, and lifestyle-oriented analysis of personal-level GHG emissions -- Chapter7. Discussion -- Chapter8. Final conclusions - Understanding inequalities in consumption-based, personal level GHG emissions

Note: Dissertation, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , Introduction 1.1 Motivation and Objectives 1.2 Structure of the work 1.3 Own contributions for solving of the central issues 2 Modelling of measurement uncertainties 2.1 Motivation and overview 2.2 Characteristics of random and systematic uncertainties 2.3 Modelling methods for the uncertainty of measurements 2.3.1 An overview on uncertainty modelling 2.3.2 Probability theory and Bayes' theorem 3 Utility theory 3.1 Fundamentals 3.1.1 Ordinal utility 3.1.2 Cardinal utility 3.1.3 Multi-attribute utility 3.2 Expected Utility 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Von Neumann-Morgenstern utility theorem 4 Decision making procedures under uncertainty 4.1 Motivation and overview 4.2 Hypothesis testing with measurement uncertainties 4.2.1 Fundamentals 4.2.2 Statistical hypothesis testing 4.3 Decision making under pure uncertainty 4.4 Decision making under risk 4.5 Determination of significance level 4.6 Comparisons of two decision making methods 5 Transferring the methodology to applications 5.1 Motivation 5.2 Applications of two alternatives 5.2.1 Application of Case I 5.2.2 Application of Case II 5.3 Applications extended to u alternatives 5.4 Discussion of results and conclusions 6 Steering of measurement processes 6.1 Motivation 6.2 General process of measurement steering 6.3 Example of a steering application 7 Summary and outlook 7.1 Summary 7.2 Outlook Bibliography Acknowledgement Curriculum Vitae

Note: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.

Note: Contents Part I Natural Mangrove Systems 1 Australian Mangroves: Their Distribution and Protection / I. D. Cresswell and V. Semeniuk 2 The Dynamics of Expanding Mangroves in New Zealand / Erik M. Horstman, Carolyn J. Lundquist, Karin R. Bryan, Richard H. Bulmer, Julia C. Mullarney, and Debra J. Stokes 3 Mangrove Forests of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman / Alireza Salehipour Milani 4 Current Status of Mangrove Wetlands in Sinaloa: A Biological Corridor Along the Eastern Margin of the Gulf of California, México / Marlenne Manzano-Sarabia, Olivia Millán-Aguilar, Francisco Flores-Cárdenas, Lidia Rodríguez-Arredondo, Mayra I. Grano-Maldonado, and Mario Nieves-Soto 5 Geospatial Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Changes in Mangrove Vegetation of Pichavaram Region, Tamil Nadu, India / M. Vani and P. Rama Chandra Prasad Part II Threats, Vulnerability, and Impacts 6 Natural Threats and Impacts to Mangroves Within the Coastal Fringing Forests of India / Ashis Kr. Paul, Amrit Kamila, and Ratnadip Ray 7 An Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation of Coastal Mangroves of West Africa in the Face of Climate Change / Isaac Boateng 8 Historical Losses of Mangrove Systems in South America from Human-Induced and Natural Impacts / Daniel Gorman 9 Australian Mangroves: Anthropogenic Impacts by Industry, Agriculture, Ports, and Urbanisation / V. Semeniuk and I. D. Cresswell 10 Determining the Influence of Urbanization on Mangrove Zones of Northeastern Brazil: Characterization of Ceará State Coastal Zone Organic Matter Inputs / Stéphane Jean Louis Mounier, Rozane Valente Marins, and Luiz Drude de Lacerda 11 Vulnerability of Mangrove Forests and Wetland Ecosystems in the Sundarbans Natural World Heritage Site (Bangladesh) / Shafi Noor Islam, Sandra Reinstädtler, and Albrecht Gnauck Part III Pollution and Contamination by Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals 12 The Impact of Oil and Gas Exploration: Invasive Nypa Palm Species and Urbanization on Mangroves in the Niger River Delta, Nigeria / Aroloye O. Numbere 13 Oil-Related Mangrove Loss East of Bonny River, Nigeria / Erich R. Gundlach 14 Sediment Hydrocarbons in Former Mangrove Areas, Southern Ogoniland, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria / David I. Little, Kay Holtzmann, Erich R. Gundlach, and Yakov Galperin 15 Heavy Metal Distribution and Accumulation from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Tropical Mangroves of India and Bangladesh / Prabhat Ranjan, Karuna Rao, Alok Kumar, and A. L. Ramanathan Part IV Assessment Techniques, Ecosystem Design, and Management Strategies 16 Ecosystem Design: When Mangrove Ecology Meets Human Needs / Martin Zimmer 17 Towards Sustainability and Protection of Threatened Coastal Ecosystems: Management Strategies for a Rare Stone Mangrove in Gorda Beach, Armação dos Búzios, Brazil / Marcelo Obraczka, Kátia Leite Mansur, and Gerson Cardoso da Silva, Jr. 18 Assessment and Management Strategies of Mangrove Forests Alongside the Mangsalut River Basin (Brunei Darussalam, on the Island of Borneo) / Shafi Noor Islam, Nurin Hidayati Hj Abd Rahman, Sandra Reinstädtler, and Mohd Nur Azri Bin Aladin 19 Mangrove Establishment in an Artificially Constructed Estuarine Channel, Sungei Api-Api, Singapore / Suzanna Ramos and Patrick A. Hesp 20 Interaction of Mangroves, Coastal Hydrodynamics, and Morphodynamics Along the Coastal Fringes of the Guianas / Erik A. Toorman, Edward Anthony, Pieter G. E. F. Augustinus, Antoine Gardel, Nicolas Gratiot, Oudho Homenauth, Nicolas Huybrechts, Jaak Monbaliu, Kene Moseley, and Sieuwnath Naipal 21 The Beneficial Effects of Mangrove Forest to Sea Defence Structures / Henk Jan Verhagen 22 Remote Sensing of Mangrove Forests: Current Techniques and Existing Databases / Stuart E. Hamilton, Gustavo A. Castellanos-Galindo, Marco Millones-Mayer, and Mara Chen 23 Urban Mangrove Biology and Ecology: Emergent Patterns and Management Implications / Benjamin Branoff 24 High-Throughput Techniques As Support for Knowledge-Based Spatial Conservation Prioritization in Mangrove Ecosystems / Véronique Helfer and Martin Zimmer Part V Conservation, Rehabilitation, and Governance 25 Mangrove Concessions: An Innovative Strategy for Community Mangrove Conservation in Ecuador / Fausto Vinicio López Rodríguez 26 Conserving Mangroves for Their Blue Carbon: Insights and Prospects for Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southeast Asia / Dixon T. Gevaña, Leni D. Camacho, and Juan M. Pulhin 27 Mangrove Habitats in São Tomé and Príncipe (Gulf of Guinea, Africa): Conservation and Management Status / R. Haroun, A. Herrero Barrencua, and A. D. Abreu 28 The Success of Hydrological Rehabilitation in Mangrove Wetlands Using Box Culverts Across Coastal Roads in Northern Yucatán (SE, México) / Claudia Teutli-Hernández and Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira 29 Mangroves on the Brazilian Amazon Coast: Uses and Rehabilitation / Marcus E. B. Fernandes, Francisco Pereira Oliveira, and Indira A. L. Eyzaguirre 30 Mangrove Restoration and Mitigation After Oil Spills and Development Projects in East Africa and the Middle East / David I. Little 31 Environmental Governance As a Framework for Mangrove Sustainability on the Brazilian Amazon Coast / Indira A. L. Eyzaguirre and Marcus E. B. Fernandes Erratum Index

Note: Contents Sub-Basin Scale Heterogeneity in the Polymeric Composition of Floating Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea / Giuseppe Suaria, Carlo Giacomo Avio, Francesco Regoli and Stefano Aliani Floating Microplastics in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Temporal and Spatial Heterogeneities / Mel Constant, Philippe Kerherve, Jennifer Sola, Anna Sanchez-Vidal, Miquel Canals and Serge Heussner Microplastic Abundance and Polymer Types in a Mediterranean Environment / Nikoletta Digka, Catherine Tsangaris, Helen Kaberi, Argyro Adamopoulou and Christina Zeri TARA Mediterranean Expedition: Assessing the Impact of Microplastics on Mediterranean Ecosystem / Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Fabien Lombard, François Galgani, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Maryvonne Henry, Amanda Elineau, Stéphanie Petit, María Luz Fernandez-de-Puelles, Stéphane Gasparini, Valentina Tirelli, Jean-Louis Jamet and Gabriel Gorsky Statistical Methodology for Identifying Microplastic Samples Collected During TARA Mediterranean Campaign / Mathilde Falcou-Préfol, Mikaël Kedzierski, Jonathan Villain, Marie Emmanuelle Kerros, Amanda Elineau, Maria Luiza Pedrotti and Stéphane Bruzaud Toward 3D Modeling the Plastic Marine Debris in the Mediterranean / Giovanni Coppini, Svitlana Liubartseva, Rita Lecci, Sergio Cretì, Giorgia Verri, Emanuela Clementi and Nadia Pinardi Assessment of Microplastics Marine Pollution from an Environmental NGO’s Point of View: The First Study About the Widespread Presence of Plastic Pellets Along the Italian Coast / Stefania Di Vito, Giorgio Zampetti, Maria Sighicelli, Serena Carpentieri and Loris Pietrelli Microplastics from Wastewater Treatment Plants—Preliminary Data / Ricardo Gouveia, Joana Antunes, Paula Sobral and Leonor Amaral Challenging the Microplastic Extraction from Sandy Sediments / Mikaël Kedzierski, Véronique Le Tilly, Patrick Bourseau, Hervé Bellegou, Guy César, Olivier Sire and Stéphane Bruzaud Are Our Synthetic Fabrics Released into the Marine Environment? Evidences on Microplastics Pollution in Wastewater Coming from Our Laundry / Raquel Villalba, Àngels Rovira and Laura Gelabert Analytical Approach for the Detection of Micro-sized Fibers from Textile Laundry / Jasmin Haap and Edith Classen Study on Microplastics Release from Fishing Nets / Alessio Montarsolo, Raffaella Mossotti, Alessia Patrucco, Marina Zoccola, Rosalinda Caringella, Pier Davide Pozzo and Claudio Tonin A Research on Microplastic Presence in Outdoor Air / Meral Yurtsever, Ahmet Tunahan Kaya and Senem Çiftçi Bayraktar Commonly Used Disposable Plastic Bags as a Source of Microplastic in Environment / Meral Yurtsever and Ulaş Yurtsever From Coral Triangle to Trash Triangle—How the Hot spot of Global Marine Biodiversity Is Threatened by Plastic Waste / Markus T. Lasut, Miriam Weber, Fransisco Pangalila, Natalie D. C. Rumampuk, Joice R. T. S. L. Rimper, Veibe Warouw, Stella T. Kaunang and Christian Lott Preliminary Assessment of Microplastic Accumulation in Wild Mediterranean Species / Manuela Piccardo, Serena Felline and Antonio Terlizzi Zooplankton and Plastic Additives—Insights into the Chemical Pollution of the Low-Trophic Level of the Mediterranean Marine Food Web / Natascha Schmidt, Javier Castro-Jiménez, Vincent Fauvelle and Richard Sempéré Microplastics in Juvenile Commercial Fish from an Estuarine Environment / Filipa Bessa, Pablo Barría, João M. Neto, João P. G. L. Frias, Vanessa Otero, Paula Sobral and João Carlos Marques Plastic Soles: Microplastic Litter in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Solea solea from the Adriatic Sea / Giulio Pellini, Alessio Gomiero, Tomaso Fortibuoni, Gianna Fabi, Fabio Grati, Anna Nora Tassetti, Piero Polidori, Carmen Ferra Vega and Giuseppe Scarcella Size-Selective Feeding by Mesopelagic Fish Can Impact Ocean Surface Abundance of Small Plastic Particles / John van den Hoff, Cecilia Eriksson, Harry Burton and Martin Schultz Dynamics in Microplastic Ingestion During the Past Six Decades in Herbivorous Fish on the Mediterranean Israeli Coast / Noam van der Hal, Erez Yeruham and Dror L. Angel Nanoplastic Impact on Human Health—A 3D Intestinal Model to Study the Interaction with Nanoplastic Particles / Roman Lehner, Alke Petri-Fink and Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser Imitating the Weathering of Microplastics in the Marine Environment / Kathrin Oelschlägel, Jenny Pfeiffer and Annegret Potthoff Microbial Degradation of HDPE Secondary Microplastics: Preliminary Results / Panagiota Tsiota, Katerina Karkanorachaki, Evdokia Syranidou, Martina Franchini and Nicolas Kalogerakis Assessing Marine Biodegradability of Plastic—Towards an Environmentally Relevant International Standard Test Scheme / Miriam Weber, Dorothée Makarow, Boris Unger, Nike Mortier, Bruno De Wilde, Miriam van Eekert, Els Schuman, Maurizio Tosin, Michele Pognani, Francesco Degli Innocenti, Demetres Briassolis, Antonis Mistriotis, Maarten van der Zee and Christian Lott Marine Fate of Biodegradable Plastic—Substitution Potential and Ecological Impacts / Christian Lott, Andreas Eich, Nora-Charlotte Pauli, Tobias Mildenberger, Christian Laforsch, Jana S. Petermann, Markus T. Lasut and Miriam Weber Biodegradable Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Based Composites for Food Packaging / Salvatore Mallardo, Valentina De Vito, Mario Malinconico, Maria Grazia Volpe, Gabriella Santagata and Maria Laura Di Lorenzo Degradation of Biodegradable Plastic Buried in Sand / Mariacristina Cocca, Francesca De Falco, Gennaro Gentile, Roberto Avolio, Maria Emanuela Errico, Emilia Di Pace and Maurizio Avella Non-conventional Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Alginates from Sargassum Seaweed: From Coastal Waste to a Novel Polysaccharide Source / Gabriella Santagata, Giorgio Grillo, Barbara Immirzi, Silvia Tabasso, Giancarlo Cravotto and Mario Malinconico Eco-Sustainable Finishing Treatment of Polyamide Fabrics to Reduce the Release of Microplastics During Washing Processes / Francesca De Falco, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, Roberto Avolio, Maria Emanuela Errico, Emilia Di Pace, Veronica Ambrogi, Maurizio Avella and Mariacristina Cocca Mitigation of the Impact Caused by Microfibers Released During Washings by Implementing New Chitosan Finishing Treatments / Raffaella Mossotti, Alessio Montarsolo, Alessia Patrucco, Marina Zoccola, Rosalinda Caringella, Pier Davide Pozzo and Claudio Tonin MWCNT/Polyaniline Nanocomposites Used for pH Nanosensors of Marine Waters / Anita Grozdanov, Aleksandar Petrovski, Perica Paunovik, Aleksandar T. Dimitrov and Maurizio Avella Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater Using Bio- and Nanosorbents / Anita Grozdanov, Katerina Atkovska, Kiril Lisickov, Gordana Ruseska and Aleksandar T. Dimitrov Banning Microplastics in Cosmetic Products in Europe: Legal Challenges / Esther Kentin

Note: Contents Part I Regional Initiatives 1 South/Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SARI): A Response to Regional Needs in Land Cover/Land Use Change Science and Education / Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 2 SERVIR: Connecting Earth Observation Satellite Data to Local Science Applications / Africa Flores, Dauna S. Coulter, Ashutosh S. Limaye, and Daniel Irwin Part II Biomass Burning, Air Pollution and Impacts 3 Emission of Toxic Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases from Crop Residue Open Burning in Southeast Asia / Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Didin Agustian Permadi, Nguyen Phan Dong, and Dang Anh Nguyet 4 Impacts of Biomass Burning Emissions on Tropospheric NO2 Vertical Column Density over Continental Southeast Asia / Syuichi Itahashi, Itsushi Uno, Hitoshi Irie, Jun-Ichi Kurokawa, and Toshimasa Ohara 5 Observations of Asian Dust and Agricultural Fire Smoke Episodes: Transport and Impacts on Regional Air Quality in Southeast China / Yonghua Wu, Yong Han, and Tijian Wang 6 Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Land and Forest Fires in Indonesia Using MODIS Active Fire Dataset / Israr Albar, I. Nengah Surati Jaya, Bambang Hero Saharjo, Budi Kuncahyo, and Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 7 Severe Air Pollution Due to Peat Fires During 2015 Super El Niño in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia / Hiroshi Hayasaka and Alpon Sepriando 8 Forest and Land Fires in Riau Province: A Case Study in Fire Prevention Policy Implementation with Local Concession Holders / Bambang Hero Saharjo and Alex Yungan 9 Biomass Burning Emissions Variation from Satellite-Derived Land Cover, Burned Area, and Emission Factors in Vietnam / Kristofer Lasko and Krishna Prasad Vadrevu 10 Enhancement of Fire Early Warning System in Vietnam Using Spatial Data and Assimilation / Ba Tung Nguyen, Khac Phong Do, Nguyen Le Tran, Quang Hung Bui, Thi Nhat Thanh Nguyen, Van Quynh Vuong, and Thanh Ha Le 11 Greenhouse Gas Budget of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Monsoon Asia: A Process-Based Model Study for the Period 1901–2014 / Akihiko Ito and Motoko Inatomi 12 Simulations of Emissions, Air Quality, and Climate Contribution in Southeast Asia for March and December / Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen, Mary C. Barth, Gabriele Pfister, and Cindy Bruyere 13 Study of Lower Tropospheric Ozone over Central and Eastern China: Comparison of Satellite Observation with Model Simulation / Sachiko Hayashida, Satoko Kayaba, Makoto Deushi, Kazuyo Yamaji, Akiko Ono, Mizuo Kajino, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Takashi Maki, and Xiong Liu 14 Multi-scale Simulations of Atmospheric Pollutants Using a Non-hydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model / Daisuke Goto, Teruyuki Nakajima, Dai Tie, Hisashi Yashiro, Yousuke Sato, Kentaroh Suzuki, Junya Uchida, Shota Misawa, Ryoma Yonemoto, Tran Thi Ngoc Trieu, Hirofumi Tomita, and Masaki Satoh 15 Project MANTRA: Multi-platform ANalysis of TRace Gases and Aerosols with a Focus on Atmospheric CO2 Measurements for Southeast Asia / Ronald C. Macatangay 16 Dry Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Tropics / Reema Tiwari and Umesh Kulshrestha Part III Aerosol Pollution 17 Aerosols and Climate Change: Present Understanding, Challenges, and Future Outlook / S. Ramachandran 18 Organic Aerosols in South and East Asia: Composition and Sources / Chandra Mouli Pavuluri and Kimitaka Kawamura 19 Shortwave Radiation, Climate Change, and Anthropogenic Aerosols in China / Tadahiro Hayasaka 20 Conceptualizing How Severe Haze Events Are Impacting Long-Term Satellite-Based Trend Studies of Aerosol Optical Thickness over Asia / Zhao Yang Zhang, Man Sing Wong, and James R. Campbell 21 Aerosol Properties over Kuching, Sarawak from Satellite and Ground- Based Measurements / Arnis Asmat, Khairunnisa Abdul Jalal, and Siti Noratiqah Mohd Deros 22 Investigating the Aerosol Type and Spatial Distribution During Winter Fog Conditions over Indo-Gangetic Plains / Muhammad Fahim Khokhar and Naila Yasmin 23 Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth over Vietnam - An Analysis from VIIRS and CALIOP Aerosol Products / Vinh T. Tran, Ha V. Pham, Thanh T. N. Nguyen, Thanh X. Pham, Quang Hung Bui, Anh X. Nguyen, and Thuy T. Nguyen 24 Satellite Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Gaseous Pollution over Pakistan / Salman Tariq and Zia Ul-Haq Part IV Land Use/Cover Change and Impacts 25 The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Change on the Indian Monsoon Region Hydroclimate / Dev Niyogi, Subashini Subramanian, U. C. Mohanty, C. M. Kishtawal, Subimal Ghosh, U. S. Nair, M. Ek, and M. Rajeevan 26 Decadal Land-Cover Changes in China and Their Impacts on the Atmospheric Environment / Mengmeng Li and Yu Song 27 Analyzing the Influence of Urban Growth on Thermal Environment Through Demographic, Environmental, and Physical Parameters in Bangladesh / Yogesh Kant, Saiful Azim, and Debashis Mitra 28 Ecosystem Carbon Stock, Atmosphere, and Food Security in Slash-and-Burn Land Use: A Geospatial Study in Mountainous Region of Laos / Yoshio Inoue 29 Spatial Modeling of Land Cover/Land Use Change and Its Effects on Hydrology Within the Lower Mekong Basin / Kel N. Markert, Robert E. Griffin, Ashutosh S. Limaye, and Richard T. McNider 30 Land–Atmosphere Interactions in South Asia: A Regional Earth Systems Perspective / Venkataramana Sridhar and Prasanth Valayamkunnath Erratum Index

Note: Contents Part 1. Introduction -- 1. Recent Trends in Ocean Observations -- Part 2. Surface Observations -- 2. Observing Surface Meteorology and Air-Sea Fluxes -- 3. Drifter Technology and Impacts for Sea Surface Temperature, Sea-Level Pressure and Ocean Circulation Studies -- 4. Origin, Tranformation and Measurement of Waves in Ocean -- Part 3. Subsurface Observations -- 5. Oceanographic Floats- Principles of Operation -- 6. . Measuring Ocean Turbulence -- 7. New Science and Novel Approaches Enabled by Autonomous Gliders -- 8. Advances in In-Situ Ocean Measurements -- Part 4. Remote Sensing -- 9. Ocean Remote Sensing: Concept to Realization for Physical Oceanographic Studies -- 10. Near Real-time Underwater Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Sounds -- 11. Data Return Aspects of CODAR and WERA High Frequency Radars in Mapping Currents -- Part 5. Data (Data Management) -- 12. Sensor Performance and Data Quality Control -- 13. Near Real Time Data Recovery from Oceanographic Moorings -- 14. Managing Metocean In Situ Data in the WMO Framework -- Part 6. Societal Applilications -- 15. Applications of Ocean In-Situ Observations and its Societal Relevance --Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to the Central Nervous System 1 Introduction to the Central Nervous System 1.1 The Neuron 1.2 The Nervous System 1.2.1 Peripheral Nervous System (Fig. 1.3) 1.2.2 Central Nervous System Bibliography 2 Neurocytology: Cells of the CNS 2.1 The Neuron 2.1.1 Dendrites 2.1.2 Soma 2.1.3 Golgi Type I and II Neurons 2.1.4 Dendritic Spines (Fig. 2.2) 2.1.5 Nucleus 2.1.6 Neuronal Cytoskeleton 2.1.7 Microtubules and Axoplasmic Flow 2.1.8 Neurofibrillary Tangles 2.2 Synapse 2.2.1 Synaptic Structure 2.2.2 Synaptic Types 2.2.3 Synaptic Transmission 2.2.4 Neurotransmitters (Table 2.3) 2.2.5 Modulators of Neurotransmission 2.2.6 Synaptic Vesicles (Fig. 2.16) (Table 2.4) 2.2.7 Effectors and Receptors 2.3 Supporting Cells of the Central Nervous System 2.3.1 Astrocytes (Figs. 2.6 and 2.14; Table 2.7) 2.3.2 Oligodendrocytes (Fig. 2.9) 2.3.3 Endothelial Cells 2.3.4 Mononuclear Cells: Monocytes and Microglia 2.3.5 Ependymal Cells (Fig. 2.20) 2.3.6 Supporting Cells in the Peripheral Nervous System 2.4 Response of the Nervous System to Injury 2.4.1 Degeneration 2.5 Regeneration 2.5.1 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration 2.5.2 Regeneration in the Central Nervous System 2.5.3 Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain Stem 2.5.4 Nerve Growth Factors (NGF) 2.5.5 Glial Response to Injury 2.6 Blood–Brain Barrier 2.6.1 Blood–Brain Barrier (Fig. 2.24) 2.6.2 Extracellular Space Specific References 3 Neuroembryology and Congenital Malformations 3.1 Formation of the Central Nervous System 3.2 Histogenesis 3.2.1 Repair of Damaged Nervous System 3.2.2 Growth Cone Guidance 3.2.3 Programmed Cell Death (PCD): Apoptosis 3.2.4 Neuronal Death 3.2.5 Development of Blood Vessels in the Brain 3.2.6 Ventricular System 3.2.7 Formation of Peripheral Nervous System 3.2.8 Spinal Cord Differentiation 3.3 Brain Differentiation 3.3.1 Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) 〉 Pons, Medulla, and Cerebellum 3.3.2 Mesencephalon 〉 Adult Midbrain 3.3.3 Prosencephalon 〉 Cerebral Hemispheres and Diencephalon 3.3.4 Diencephalon 3.3.5 Cranial Nerves 3.3.6 Telencephalon 3.3.7 Primary Sulci 3.3.8 Development of the Cerebral Cortex 3.4 Prenatal Development of the Cerebral Cortex 3.5 Changes in the Cortical Architecture as a Function of Postnatal Age 3.6 Abnormal Development 3.6.1 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in Growth and Migration with Incomplete Development of the Brain 3.6.2 Genetically Linked Migration Disorders 3.6.3 Environmentally Induced Migration Disorder: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 3.6.4 Malformations Resulting from Chromosomal Trisomy and Translocation 3.6.5 Malformations Resulting from Defective Fusion of Dorsal Structures 3.6.6 Malformations Characterized by Excessive Growth of Ectodermal and Mesodermal Tissue Affecting the Skin, Nervous System, and Other Tissues 3.6.7 Cutaneous Angiomatosis with Associated Malformations of the Central Nervous System 3.6.8 Malformations Resulting from Abnormalities in the Ventricular System Bibliography 4 Spinal Cord 4.1 Gross Anatomy 4.1.1 Spinal Cord: Structure and Function 4.1.2 Nerve Roots 4.1.3 Gray Matter 4.2 Interneurons 4.3 Central Pattern Generators 4.4 Segmental Function 4.4.1 Motor/Ventral Horn Cells 4.4.2 Sensory Receptors 4.4.3 Stretch Receptors 4.5 Nociception and Pain 4.5.1 Modulation of Pain Transmission 4.6 White Matter Tracts 4.6.1 Descending Tracts in the Spinal Cord 4.6.2 Ascending Tracts in the Spinal Cord 4.6.3 The Anterolateral Pathway 4.7 Upper and Lower Motor Neurons Lesions 4.7.1 Upper Motor Neuron Lesion (UMN) 4.7.2 Lower Motor Neuron Lesion 4.8 Illustrative Spinal Cord Case Histories 4.9 Illustrative Non-spinal Cord Cases with Involvement of Specific Peripheral Nerves: Case Histories 4.8–4.10 4.10 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Bibliography 5 Brain Stem: Gross Anatomy 5.1 Gross Anatomical Divisions 5.1.1 Sites of Transition 5.2 Relationship of Regions in the Brain to the Ventricular System: Fig. 5.2 5.3 Gross Anatomy of Brain Stem and Diencephalon 5.3.1 Anterior Surface of Gross Brain Stem: Fig. 5.3 5.3.2 Posterior Surface of Brain Stem and Diencephalon: Fig. 5.4 5.4 Arterial Blood Supply to the Brain Stem and Diencephalon (Fig. 5.5) 5.4.1 Medulla 5.4.2 Pons 5.4.3 Midbrain 5.4.4 Diencephalon Bibliography 6 Brain Stem Functional Localization 6.1 Introduction to the Brain Stem 6.2 Differences Between the Spinal Cord and Brain Stem 6.3 Functional Localization in Brain Stem Coronal Sections and an Atlas of the Brain Stem 6.3.1 Medulla 6.3.2 Pons-Blood Supply: Basilar Artery and Its Branches 6.3.3 Midbrain Blood Supply: Basila Arrteraynd Posterio Crerebral Arteries 6.4 Midbrain Tectum 6.5 Midbrain Tegmentum 6.6 Superior Colliculus 6.6.1 Midbrain Tegmentum 6.6.2 Blood Supply: Posterior Cerebral Arteries 6.7 Superior Colliculus Tectum 6.8 Superior Colliculus Tegmentum 6.8.1 Superior ColliculusVentricular Zone 6.9 Functional Centers in the Brain Stem 6.9.1 Reticular Formation 6.9.2 Respiration Centers 6.9.3 Cardiovascular Centers 6.9.4 Deglutition 6.9.5 Vomiting 6.9.6 Emetic Center 6.9.7 Coughing 6.9.8 Taste 6.10 Localiozation of Dysfunction in the Cranial Nerves Associated with the Eye (Table 6.8) 6.11 Localization of Disease Processes in the Brain Stem 6.11.1 Exercise to Identify the Tracts and Nuclei in the Brain Stem (Figs. 6.10–6.14) Bibliography 7 The Cranial Nerves 7.1 How the Cranial Nerves Got Their Numbers 7.2 Functional Organization of Cranial Nerves 7.3 The Individual Cranial Nerves 7.3.1 Cranial Nerve I, Olfactory (Fig. 7.4), Special Sensory/Special Visceral Afferent 7.3.2 Cranial Nerve II, Optic (Fig. 7.5), Special Somatic Sensory 7.3.3 Cranial Nerve III, Oculomotor (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor (Somatic and Parasympathetic, Only III) 7.3.4 Cranial Nerve IV, Trochlear (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor 7.3.5 Cranial Nerve VI, Abducens (Fig. 7.6), Pure Motor 7.3.6 Cranial Nerve V, Trigeminal (Fig. 7.7), Mixed Nerve (Sensory and Motor but No Parasympathetic) 7.3.7 Cranial Nerve VII, Facial (Fig. 7.8), Mixed Nerve (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic) 7.3.8 Cranial Nerve VIII, Vestibulocochlear (Fig. 7.9), Pure Special Somatic Sensory 7.4 Auditory Pathway 7.4.1 Cranial Nerve IX, Glossopharyngeal (Fig. 7.13), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic): Nerve to Third Pharyngeal Arch 7.4.2 Cranial Nerve X, Vagus (Fig. 7.14), Mixed (Sensory, Motor, Parasympathetic), and Longest Cranial Nerve 7.4.3 Cranial Nerve XI, Spinal Accessory (Fig. 7.15), Pure Motor: Somatic and Visceral 7.4.4 Cranial Nerve XII, Hypoglossal (Fig. 7.16): Pure Motor Nerve 7.5 Cranial Nerve Dysfunction 7.6 Cranial Nerve Case Histories Bibliography 8 Diencephalon 8.1 Overview 8.2 Functional Organization of Thalamic Nuclei (Table 8.1) 8.2.1 Sensory and Motor Relay Nuclei: The Ventrobasal Complex and Lateral Nucleus 8.2.2 Limbic Nuclei: The Anterior, Medial, Lateral Dorsal, Midline, and Intralaminar Nuclei (Fig. 8.4) 8.2.3 Specific Associational: Polymodal/Somatic Nuclei, the Pulvinar Nuclei (Fig. 8.5) 8.2.4 Special Somatic Sensory Nuclei: Vision and Audition, the Lateral Geniculate and Medial Geniculate Nuclei of the Metathalamus (Fig. 8.5): The Special Somatic Sensory Cranial Nerves Are Cranial Nerves II and VIII 8.2.5 Nonspecific Associational 8.3 White Matter of the Diencephalon 8.4 Relationship Between the Thalamus and the Cerebral Cortex (Figs. 8.7 and 8.8) 8.5 Subthalamus (Fig. 8.3) 8.6 Thalamic Atlas Figs. 8.10, 8.11, and 8.12 8.7 Level: Midbrain, Diencephalic Junction (Fig. 8.10) 8.8 Level: Midthalamus (Fig. 8.11) 8.9 Level: Anterior Tubercle of Thalamus (Fig. 8.12) Bibliography 9 Hypothalamus, Neuroendocrine System, and Autonomic Nervous System 9.1 Hypothalamus 9.1.1 Hypothalamic Nuclei 9.1.2 Afferent Pathways 9.1.3 Efferent Pathways (Fig. 9.6) 9.1.4 Functional Stability 9.2 Neuroendocrine System, the Hypothalamus, and Its Relation to the Hypophysis 9.2.1 Hypophysis Cerebri 9.2.2 Hypothalamic–Hypophyseal Portal System 9.2.3 Hypophysiotrophic Area 9.2.4 Hormones Produced by Hypothalamus 9.2.5 Hormones Produced in Adenohypophysis (Fig. 9.12) 9.2.6 Case 9.1 9.2.7 Hypothalamus and the Autono

Note: Contents Part I Introductory 1 Climate Change and Air Pollution: An Introduction / Rais Akhtar and Cosimo Palagiano 2 Air Quality in Changing Climate: Implications for Health Impacts / Sourangsu Chowdhury and Sagnik Dey 3 International Conferences on Sustainable Development and Climate from Rio de Janeiro to Paris / Giovanni De Santis and Claudia Bortone 4 COP21 in Paris: Politics of Climate Change / Rais Akhtar Part II Case Studies: Developed Countries/Regions 5 Climate Change Impacts on Air Pollution in Northern Europe / Ruth M. Doherty and Fiona M. O’Connor 6 The Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution in the Southern European Countries / Cosimo Palagiano and Rossella Belluso 7 Canada: Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health / Stefania Bertazzon and Fox Underwood 8 Climate Change, Forest Fires, and Health in California / Ricardo Cisneros, Don Schweizer, Leland (Lee) Tarnay, Kathleen Navarro, David Veloz, and C. Trent Procter 9 Air Pollution and Climate Change in Australia: A Triple Burden / Colin D. Butler and James Whelan 10 Epidemiological Consequences of Climate Change (with Special Reference to Malaria in Russia) / Svetlana M. Malkhazova, Natalia V. Shartova, and Varvara A. Mironova 11 Climate Change and Projections of Temperature-Related Mortality / Dmitry Shaposhnikov and Boris Revich 12 Climate Change and Air Quality in Southeastern China: Hong Kong Study / Yun Fat Lam Part III Case Studies: Developing Countries/Regions 13 Trends and Seasonal Variations of Climate, Air Quality, and Mortality in Three Major Cities in Taiwan / Mei-Hui Li 14 Climate Change and Urban Air Pollution Health Impacts in Indonesia / Budi Haryanto 15 Climate Change and Air Pollution in Malaysia / Nasrin Aghamohammadi and Marzuki Isahak 16 Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Human Health in Bangkok / Uma Langkulsen and Desire Rwodzi 17 Climate Change, Air Pollution and Human Health in Delhi, India / Hem H. Dholakia and Amit Garg 18 Climate Change and Air Pollution in Mumbai / S. Siva Raju and Khushboo Ahire 19 Climate Change and Air Pollution in East Asia: Taking Transboundary Air Pollution into Account / Ken Yamashita and Yasushi Honda 20 Climate Change, Air Pollution and Health in South Africa / Eugene Cairncross, Aqiel Dalvie, Rico Euripidou, James Irlam, and Rajen Nithiseelan Naidoo 21 The Impact of Climate Change and Air Pollution on the Caribbean / Muge Akpinar-Elci and Olaniyi Olayinka 22 Compounding Factors: Air Pollution and Climate Variability in Mexico City / Marı´a Eugenia Ibarrara´n, Iva´n Islas, and Jose´ Abraham Ortı´nez 23 Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Human Health in Brazil / Ju´lia Alves Menezes, Carina Margonari, Rhavena Barbosa Santos, and Ulisses Confalonieri 24 Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Infectious Diseases: A New Epidemiological Scenario in Argentina / Daniel Oscar Lipp Part IV Conclusion 25 Summary and Conclusion / Rais Akhtar and Cosimo Palagiano Index

Note: Contents Part I Principles, Approaches and Projects on Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas “We’re not Refugees, We’ll Stay Here Until We Die!”—Climate Change Adaptation and Migration Experiences Gathered from the Tulun and Nissan Atolls of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea / Johannes Luetz and Peni Hausia Havea Sustainable Small-scale Mariculture Ventures as a Comparative Climate Friendly Livelihood Alternative in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia / Simon Ellis, Maria Haws, Jasmine Mendiola and Mikelson Hemil Planning and Urban Informality—Addressing Inclusiveness for Climate Resilience in the Pacific / Colleen Butcher-Gollach At the Frontline of Climate Change: Adaptation, Limitations and Way Forward for the South Pacific Island States / Dhrishna Charan, Kushaal Raj, Ravneel Chand, Lionel Joseph and Priyatma Singh Enhancing Adaptive Capacity and Climate Change Resilience of Coastal Communities in Yap / Murukesan Krishnapillai Capacity Development and TVET: Accredited Qualifications for Improving Resilience of Coastal Communities—A Vanuatu Case Study / Tess Martin, Sarah Hemstock, Helene Jacot Des Combes and Charles Pierce An Evaluation of Climate Change Effects on Fishermen and Adaption Strategies in Central Region, Ghana / Selorm Akaba and Samuel Akuamoah-Boateng Retreat or Rebuild: Exploring Geographic Retreat in Humanitarian Practices in Coastal Communities / Rosetta S. Elkin and Jesse M. Keenan “God and Tonga Are My Inheritance!”—Climate Change Impact on Perceived Spritiuality, Adaptation and Lessons Learnt from Kanokupolu, ‘Ahau, Tukutonga, Popua and Manuka in Tongatapu, Tonga / Peni Hausia Havea, Sarah L. Hemstock, Helene Jacot Des Combes and Johannes Luetz Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EbA) for Coastal Resilience Against Water Related Disasters in Bangladesh / M. Mustafa Saroar Part II Case Studies on Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Areas Black Pearl Farming as an Adaptation to Coastal Climate Change / Mattlan Zackhras, Payton Deeks and Simon Ellis Reviving Traditional Croplands to Improve Community Climate Resilience / Bernie Besebes Coping with Future Coastal Floods in Denmark—Advancing the Use of Global Frameworks / Martin Jebens and Carlo Sorensen Local Knowledge Co-production, Emergent Climate Adaptation Publics and Regional Experimentalist Governance: An Institutional Design Case Study / Nicole Lisa Klenk, James Ian MacLellan, Kim Reeder and Dragos Flueraru Economic Resiliency and Food Security in the Marshall Islands Through Polydactylus sexfilis Aquaculture / Kathleen Hicks and Ryan Murashige Advantages and Challenges of Participatory Management of Customary Coastal Areas in the French Islands of the Pacific / Allenbach Michel, Le Duff Matthieu, Dumas Pascal and Bouteiller Yolaine Courts as Decision-Makers on Sea Level Rise Adaptation Measures: Lessons from New Zealand / Catherine Iorns Magallanes, Vanessa James and Thomas Stuart Mapping of Benthic Habitats in Komave, Coral Coast Using WorldView-2 Satellite Imagery / Roselyn Naidu, Frank Muller-Karger and Mathew McCarthy Exploring the Practicability and Applicability of Payment for Ecosystem Services in the Protection of Samoa’s Selected Watershed Areas / Susana Taua’a Predicting True Climate Change Risks and Opportunities in the Cook Islands: How Vulnerable Are Pacific Maritime Supply Chain Stakeholders? / Jack Dyer Climate Change and Integrated Coastal Management: Risk Perception and Vulnerability in the Luanda Municipality (Angola) / Bernardo Castro, Walter Leal Filho, Fernando J. P. Caetano and Ulisses Miranda Azeiteiro A Psychological Model of Climate Change Adaptation: Influence of Resource Loss, Posttraumatic Growth, Norms, and Risk Perception Following Cyclone Winston in Fiji / David N. Sattler, Albert Whippy, James M. Graham and James Johnson ‘Yakasisi’ in Planning for a More Sustainable Future of Coastal Communities Impacted by Climate Change, Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea / David K. Mitchell and George Aigoma Limits and Barriers to Transformation: A Case Study of April Ridge Relocation Initiative, East Honiara, Solomon Islands / Michael Otoara Ha’apio, Keith Morrison, Ricardo Gonzalez, Morgan Wairiu and Elisabeth Holland Impacts of Climate Change in Coastal Areas: Lessons Learned and Experiences / Walter Leal Filho

Note: Habilitationsschrift, Universität Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2018 , Contents I Synopsis 1 Introduction 1.1 Spatial data and the challenges 1.1.1 Characteristics of spatial data 1.1.2 Challenges 1.2 Statistical models 1.2.1 Bayesian statistics 1.2.2 Markov models 1.3 Scope and organization 2 Building reconstruction 2.1 Problem statement 2.2 Data – LiDAR and imagery 2.3 Model – generative models for buildings 2.3.1 Primitive-based modeling 2.3.2 Extension for building generalization 2.4 Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo 2.5 Model selection 2.5.1 Bayesian model selection 2.5.2 Information entropy and model size estimation 2.6 Related work 2.7 Conclusion and Remarks 3 Building classification 3.1 Problem statement 3.2 Data – building footprints 3.3 Model – Markov Random Field for building network 3.3.1 Markov Random Field 3.3.2 Network of buildings 3.3.3 Local geometric features 3.3.4 Contextual relationship 3.4 Gibbs sampler 3.4.1 Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm 3.4.2 Gibbs sampling 3.5 Related work 3.6 Conclusion and remarks 4 Anomaly detection in trajectories 4.1 Problem statement 4.2 Data – GPS trajectories 4.3 Model – Hidden Markov Model for trajectory 4.3.1 Hidden Markov Model with dynamic orders 4.3.2 Long-term spatial and temporal features 4.4 Bayesian filter for belief inference 4.4.1 A dynamic Bayesian filter 4.4.2 Belief inference 4.4.3 Collective behaviors 4.5 Related work 4.6 Conclusion and remarks 5 RGBD Segmentation 5.1 Problem statement 5.2 Data – RGBD 5.3 Model – A novel synthetic model for spatial data parsing 5.3.1 Synthetic volume primitives – SVP 5.3.2 Freeform object voting 5.4 Global optimization with Markov Random Field 5.5 Related work 5.6 Conclusion and remarks 6 Conclusion and Discussion 6.1 Answers to Challenges 6.2 A Start of the Exploration: Limits and Potential 6.2.1 Characteristics of Big Data 6.2.2 Balance between Top-down and Bottom-up Bibliography II Publications Publication list Not included publications , Deutsche und englische Zusammenfassung

Note: Contents ISOLA Code for Multiple-Point Source Modeling—Review / Jiří Zahradník and Efthimios Sokos Seismic Moment Tensors in Anisotropic Media: A Review / Václav Vavryčuk The Frequency-Domain Moment-Tensor Inversion: Retrieving the Complete Source Moment-Tensor Spectra and Time Histories / Xiaoning Yang, Brian W. Stump and Mason D. Macphail Berkeley Seismic Moment Tensor Method, Uncertainty Analysis, and Study of Non-double-couple Seismic Events / Douglas S. Dreger Estimating Stability and Resolution of Waveform Inversion Focal Mechanisms / S. Scolaro, C. Totaro, D. Presti, Sebastiano D’Amico, G. Neri and B. Orecchio The Method of Cataclastic Analysis of Discontinuous Displacements / Yu. L. Rebetsky and A. Yu. Polets Challenges in Regional Moment Tensor Resolution and Interpretation / Simone Cesca and Sebastian Heimann The Role of Moment Tensors in the Characterization of Hydraulic Stimulations / Ismael Vera Rodriguez, James Rutledge and Sergey Stanchits Constrained Moment Tensors: Source Models and Case Studies / Jan Šílený Seismic Deformation Derived from Moment Tensor Summation: Application Along the Hellenic Trench / Anastasia Kiratzi, Christoforos Benetatos and Filippos Vallianatos Estimation of Empirical Green’s Tensor Spatial Derivative Elements: A Preliminary Study Using Strong Motion Records in Southern Fukui Prefecture, Japan / Michihiro Ohori Retrieval of the Seismic Moment Tensor from Joint Measurements of Translational and Rotational Ground Motions: Sparse Networks and Single Stations / Stefanie Donner, Heiner Igel, Céline Hadziioannou and the Romy group Overview of Moment Tensor Analysis in New Zealand / John Ristau Applications of Moment Tensor Solutions to the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard in Canada / J. F. Cassidy, H. Kao, John Ristau and A. Bent Intraplate Earthquakes in Europe—Source Parameters from Regional Moment Tensor Analysis / Jochen Braunmiller Source Characteristics of the January 8, 2013 (M W = 5.7) and May 24, 2014 (M W = 6.8) North Aegean Earthquakes Sequence / Doğan Kalafat, Kıvanç Kekovalı and Ali Pınar Investigating the Focal Mechanisms of the August 4th, 2003, Mw 7.6, South Orkney Islands Earthquake and its Aftershocks Sequence / M. P. Plasencia Linares, M. Guidarelli, M. Russi and G. F. Panza Waveform Modelling of 2009 Bhutan Earthquake of Magnitude 6.1 (Mw) Using Local Network Data of North East India / Santanu Baruah and Midusmita Boruah Resolving the Tectonic Stress by the Inversion of Earthquake Focal Mechanisms. Application in the Region of Greece. A Tutorial / Ioannis G. Kassaras and Vasilis Kapetanidis Relative Locations of Clustered Earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara and States of Local Stresses in the East of the Central Marmara Basin / Yasemin Korkusuz Öztürk and Nurcan Meral Özel Focal Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Stress Field of the Earth Crust in Azerbaijan / G. J. Yetirmishli and S. E. Kazimova Seismotectonic Crustal Strains of the Mongol-Baikal Seismic Belt from Seismological Data / Alena Seredkina and Valentina Melnikova The Stress State of Seismic Areas of the Central and East Asia / Yu. L. Rebetsky, A. Yu. Polets, O. A. Kuchay and N. A. Sycheva The Significance of Crustal Velocity Model in Moment Tensor Solutions: A Case Study of Yedisu Earthquakes / Fatih Turhan, Musavver Didem Cambaz and Jiří Zahradník An Overview of the Seismicity and Tectonics of the Black Sea / Doğan Kalafat Coulomb Stress Changes in the Area of December 2013–January 2014 Sannio-Matese Seismic Sequence (Southern Italy) / Santanu Baruah and Sebastiano D’Amico Active Faulting in the Earth’s Crust of the Baikal Rift System Based on the Earthquake Focal Mechanisms / Vladimir A. Sankov and Anna A. Dobrynina Quaternary Stress Field and Faulting in the Western Part of the Catanzaro Trough (Calabria, Southern Italy) / F. Brutto, F. Muto, M. F. Loreto, Sebastiano D’Amico, N. De Paola, V. Tripodi and S. Critelli A Seismogenic Zone Model for Seismic Hazard Studies in Northwestern Africa / J. A. Peláez, J. Henares, M. Hamdache and C. Sanz de Galdeano A Trial Modeling of Perturbed Repeating Earthquakes Combined by Mathematical Statics, Numerical Modeling and Seismological Observations / Keisuke Ariyoshi, Shunichi Nomura, Naoki Uchida and Toshihiro Igarashi Getting Started with GMT: An Introduction for Seismologists / Matthew R. Agius Devices for a Rotational Ground Motion Measurement / Leszek R. Jaroszewicz and Anna Kurzych

Note: Contents Part I Introduction to Harmful Algal Blooms and the GEOHAB Programme 1 Introduction to the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Synthesis / Patricia M. Glibert, Elisa Berdalet, Michele A. Burford, Grant C. Pitcher, and Mingjiang Zhou 2 Harmful Algal Blooms and the Importance of Understanding Their Ecology and Oceanography / Patricia M. Glibert, Elisa Berdalet, Michele A. Burford, Grant C. Pitcher, and Mingjiang Zhou 3 Establishment, Goals, and Legacy of the Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) Programme / Raphael M. Kudela, Robin Raine, Grant C. Pitcher, Patrick Gentien, Elisa Berdalet, Henrik Enevoldsen, and Ed Urban Part II Global Changes and Harmful Algal Blooms 4 Changing Land-, Sea-, and Airscapes: Sources of Nutrient Pollution Affecting Habitat Suitability for Harmful Algae / Patricia M. Glibert, Arthur H.W. Beusen, John A. Harrison, Hans H. Dürr, Alexander F. Bouwman, and Goulven G. Laruelle 5 Harmful Algal Blooms in a Changing Ocean / Mark L. Wells and Bengt Karlson Part III Adaptive Strategies and Harmful Algal Blooms 6 Nutrients and Harmful Algal Blooms: Dynamic Kinetics and Flexible Nutrition / Patricia M. Glibert, Cynthia A. Heil, Frances P. Wilkerson, and Richard C. Dugdale 7 Mixotrophy in Harmful Algal Blooms: By Whom, on Whom, When, Why, and What Next / Kevin J. Flynn, Aditee Mitra, Patricia M. Glibert, and JoAnn M. Burkholder 8 The Role of Life Cycle Characteristics in Harmful Algal Bloom Dynamics / Rhodora V. Azanza, Michael L. Brosnahan, Donald M. Anderson, Inga Hense, and Marina Montresor Part IV Harmful Algal Blooms in Specific Habitats and Biomes 9 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Stratified Systems / Robin Raine, Elisa Berdalet, Hidekatsu Yamazaki, Ian Jenkinson, and Beatriz Reguera 10 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Fjords and Coastal Embayments / Suzanne Roy, Marina Montresor, and Allan Cembella 11 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems / Grant C. Pitcher, Francisco G. Figueiras, Raphael M. Kudela, Teresa Moita, Beatriz Reguera, and Manuel Ruiz-Villareal 12 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Relation to Nutrients and Eutrophication / Patricia M. Glibert, Adnan Al-Azri, J. Icarus Allen, Alexander F. Bouwman, Arthur H.W. Beusen, Michele A. Burford, Paul J. Harrison, and Mingjiang Zhou 13 Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems / Elisa Berdalet and Patricia A. Tester Part V Spotlight on Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia 14 Overview of Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia / Ken Furuya, Mitsunori Iwataki, Po Teen Lim, Songhui Lu, Chui-Pin Leaw, Rhodora V. Azanza, Hak-Gyoon Kim, and Yasuwo Fukuyo 15 Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Waters of China / Ren-Cheng Yu, Song-Hui Lü, and Yu-Bo Liang 16 Green Tides of the Yellow Sea: Massive Free-Floating Blooms of Ulva prolifera / Dongyan Liu and Mingjiang Zhou 17 Ecological Drivers of Green Noctiluca Blooms in Two Monsoonal-Driven Ecosystems / Joaquim I. Goes, Helga do R. Gomes, Khalid Al-Hashimi, and Anukul Buranapratheprat Part VI Observing and Predicting Harmful Algal Blooms: Tools and Predictive Approaches 18 Advancements and Continuing Challenges of Emerging Technologies and Tools for Detecting Harmful Algal Blooms, Their Antecedent Conditions and Toxins, and Applications in Predictive Models / Patricia M. Glibert, Grant C. Pitcher, Stewart Bernard, and Ming Li 19 Recent Advances in Modelling of Harmful Algal Blooms / Peter J.S. Franks Part VII Moving Forward: Emerging Issues and a New Global Programme 20 Emerging HAB Research Issues in Freshwater Environments / Michele A. Burford, David P. Hamilton, and Susanna A. Wood 21 Mitigation and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms / Zhiming Yu, Xiuxian Song, Xihua Cao, and Yang Liu 22 GlobalHAB: Fostering International Coordination on Harmful Algal Bloom Research in Aquatic Systems / Elisa Berdalet, Raphael M. Kudela, Neil S. Banas, Eileen Bresnan, Michele A. Burford, Keith Davidson, Christopher J. Gobler, Bengt Karlson, Po Teen Lim, Lincoln Mackenzie, Marina Montresor, Vera L. Trainer, Gires Usup, Kedong Yin, Henrik Enevoldsen, and Ed Urban Index

Note: Contents Part I Adaptation Mechanisms for Cold 1 Gene Regulatory Networks Mediating Cold Acclimation: The CBF Pathway / Javier Barrero-Gil and Julio Salinas 2 RNA Regulation in Plant Cold Stress Response / Kentaro Nakaminami and Motoaki Seki 3 The Mechanism Enabling Hibernation in Mammals / Yuuki Horii, Takahiko Shiina, and Yasutake Shimizu 4 Freezing Tolerance of Plant Cells: From the Aspect of Plasma Membrane and Microdomain / Daisuke Takahashi, Matsuo Uemura, and Yukio Kawamura 5 Natural Variation in Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation Response in Arabidopsis thaliana and Related Species / Ellen Zuther, Yang Ping Lee, Alexander Erban, Joachim Kopka, and Dirk K. Hincha 6 Ice Nucleation Activity in Plants: The Distribution, Characterization, and Their Roles in Cold Hardiness Mechanisms / Masaya Ishikawa, Hideyuki Yamazaki, Tadashi Kishimoto, Hiroki Murakawa, Timothy Stait-Gardner, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu, and William S. Price 7 Investigating Freezing Patterns in Plants Using Infrared Thermography / David P. Livingston III 8 Mechanism of Overwintering in Trees / Keita Arakawa, Jun Kasuga, and Naoki Takata 9 The Mechanism of Low-Temperature Tolerance in Fish / Kiyoshi Soyano and Yuji Mushirobira Part II Adaptation Mechanisms for Desiccation 10 Mechanisms Underlying Freezing and Desiccation Tolerance in Bryophytes / Daisuke Takezawa 11 Regulatory Gene Networks in Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants / Fuminori Takahashi, Takashi Kuromori, Hikaru Sato, and Kazuo Shinozaki 12 Mechanism of Stomatal Closure in Plants Exposed to Drought and Cold Stress / Srinivas Agurla, Shashibhushan Gahir, Shintaro Munemasa, Yoshiyuki Murata, and Agepati S. Raghavendra 13 Mechanisms of Maturation and Germination in Crop Seeds Exposed to Environmental Stresses with a Focus on Nutrients, Water Status, and Reactive Oxygen Species / Yushi Ishibashi, Takashi Yuasa, and Mari Iwaya-Inoue 14 The Antioxidant System in the Anhydrobiotic Midge as an Essential, Adaptive Mechanism for Desiccation Survival / Alexander Nesmelov, Richard Cornette, Oleg Gusev, and Takahiro Kikawada 15 Physicochemical Aspects of the Biological Functions of Trehalose and Group 3 LEA Proteins as Desiccation Protectants / Takao Furuki and Minoru Sakurai Part III Application Technologies from Laboratory to Society 16 Supercooling-Promoting (Anti-ice Nucleation) Substances / Seizo Fujikawa, Chikako Kuwabara, Jun Kasuga, and Keita Arakawa 17 Applications of Antifreeze Proteins: Practical Use of the Quality Products from Japanese Fishes / Sheikh Mahatabuddin and Sakae Tsuda 18 Development and Application of Cryoprotectants / Robin Rajan and Kazuaki Matsumura 19 Cryopreservation of Plant Genetic Resources / Daisuke Tanaka, Takao Niino, and Matsuo Uemura 20 Applications of Freezing and Freeze-Drying in Pharmaceutical Formulations / Ken-ichi Izutsu 21 Control of Physical Changes in Food Products / Kiyoshi Kawai and Tomoaki Hagiwara Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 The Sea, Cradle of Divine Spirituality / Constantin Jurca˘ and Alina Buzarna-Tihenea (Ga˘lbeaza˘) 2 Dobrudja, in the Mesopotamia of the West / Marin Petris¸or 3 Dobruja: A Unique, Intercultural and Spiritual Realm at the Black Sea / Elena Laza˘r and Henrieta Anis¸oara S¸ erban 4 About “Publius Ovidius Naso” ({ 17 p. Chr. n.) and His Poems Written in the “Getae” Language / Nicolae V. Dura˘ 5 The Global Warming and the Water Resources of the Earth / Adrian Bavaru and Rodica Bercu Part II Geology, Geophysics and Sedimentology 6 New Insights into the Black Sea Basin, in the Light of the Reprocessing of Vintage Regional Seismic Data / Ioan Munteanu, Paolo Diviacco, Chiara Sauli, Corneliu Dinu, Mihai Burca˘, Nicolae Panin, and Giuseppe Brancatelli 7 Lithodynamics of the Coastal Zone / Ruben D. Kosyan and Boris V. Divinskiy 8 Granulometry of Sediments in the Mamaia Bay Area / Da˘nuț I. Diaconeasa Part III Physics 9 Inertial Currents in Western Continental Black Sea Shelf / Maria-Emanuela Mihailov 10 Seasonal Changes of Hydrobiological and Bio-Optical Parameters in the Coastal Areas of the Western Part of the Black Sea /Alexander S. Kukushkin 11 Water Mass Measurements Around Benthic Communities: A Comparative Study Between Yo-Yo Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) Casts and High-Resolution Time Series Data Acquisition of Bottom Waters from the Page`s Escarpment in the Southern Bay of Biscay / Wolf-Christian Dullo, Sascha Fl€ogel, and Andres Rüggeberg Part IV Radioactivity and Radioecology 12 Pre and Post-Chernobyl Environmental Radioactivity in Romania: a Review / Constantin Dovlete, Iolanda Osvath, and Sandu Sonoc 13 Radionuclides Assessment for the Romanian Black Sea Shelf / Gianina Chiros¸ca, Maria-Emanuela Mihailov, Cornel Liviu T¸ ugulan, and Alecsandru Vladimir Chiros¸ca 14 Gamma-Ray Radionuclides in Sediments from Mamaia Beach on the Romanian Black Sea Coast / Vasile Pa˘tras¸cu, Romul Mircea Ma˘rgineanu, Ana-Maria Blebea-Apostu, Da˘nut¸ I. Diaconeasa, and Mariana Claudia Gomoiu 15 Radioactive Content in Fish from Black Sea Caches. Its Impact on Population by Food Consumption / Vasile Pa˘tras¸cu, Romul Mircea Ma˘rgineanu, Valodia Maximov, Ana-Maria Blebea-Apostu, Ma˘da˘lina Galat¸chi, Claudia Gomoiu, and George T¸ iganov 16 Levels of Activity Concentration, Migration and Dose Rates on Biota from Alpha-Radioisotopes of Plutonium in the Black Sea Ecosystem / Nataliya N. Tereshchenko 17 Radionuclides 137 Cs and 90 Sr in Components of the Black Sea Ecosystems: Contemporary Status and Prognosis / Natalya Yu. Mirzoyeva, Viktor N. Egorov, and Sergey B. Gulin 18 Radioecology of the Black Sea / Aleksandr Strezov Part V Chemistry 19 Phosphorus Fluxes in the Pelagic Zone of the Black Sea / Aleksandr V. Parkhomenko 20 Oil Hydrocarbons in Bottom Sediments of Sevastopol Bay (SW Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea): Spatial and Temporal Trends / Tatyana S. Osadchaya Part VI Biology and Microbiology 21 Macrophytobenthos from the Romanian Black Sea Coast – An Overview of the Studies and Actual State / Daciana Sava 22 Cenchrus longispinus (Hack) Fernald, One of the most Aggressive Alien Plants on the Romanian Black Sea Coast / Marius Fa˘ga˘raș 23 New Equipment and Technologies Used for Rapa Whelk Harvesting at the Romanian Black Sea Coast / George T¸ iganov, Cristian-Sorin Danilov, Magda Ioana Nenciu, Eugen Anton, and Aurel Na˘stase 24 Some Aspects of the Biology and the Present State of the Population of Protodorvillea kefersteini (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) in the Coastal Zone of the Crimea (The Black Sea) / Vera Kopiy 25 Governance and Socio Economic Implications of the Black Sea Small Scale Fisheries (Bulgaria) / Violin St. Raykov and Simona Nicheva 26 Conservation Status of the Fish Fauna in the Danube Delta Marine Zone / Carmen Georgeta Nicolae, Magda Ioana Nenciu, Valodia Maximov, Dana Popa, Monica Marin, and Mihaela Ivancia 27 Assessment of Cetacean Population Abundance at the Romanian Black Sea Coast in 2013 / George T¸ iganov, Cristian-Sorin Danilov, Magda Ioana Nenciu, Eugen Anton, and Aurel Na˘stase 28 The Black Sea Dolphin Nephron Studied by Romanian Nobel Laureate George Emil Palade / Vasile S^arbu, Raluca Melihov, and Daniel Ovidiu Costea 29 Effect of Water Different Salinity on the Morphology of Kudoa nova (Myxosporea: Kudoidae) Spores: Experimental Study / Violetta Yurakhno Part VII Ecology 30 Population – Structural and Functional Basic Element of Bioceonosis and Species. The Role of Population in the Knowledge of Species Autecology / Nicolae Donița˘ and Stoica Godeanu 31 The Marginal Biological Indicators – An Efficient Tool for Ecological Monitoring of the Marine Environment / Yuvenaly P. Zaitsev Part VIII History of Oceanography 32 Development of International Cooperation in Oceanography: Incentives from Science, Services, Economy and Security / Gunnar Kullenberg 33 Romanian Hydrography – Over 100 Years of History / Romeo Bos¸neagu 34 On Romanian Assertiveness in Navigation on the Black Sea (Fourteenth – Late Nineteenth Century) / Valentin Ciorbea and Nicoleta Stanca 35 An Original Document About the History of the Antarctic Expedition « Belgica » / Alexandru Marinescu 36 Venice-of-the-North’s Ups and Downs: A Brief History of the Port City of Bruges, Belgium / Roger H. Charlier and Constance C. Charlier Part IX Miscellanea 37 The Potential of Airborne LiDAR for Detection of New Archaeological Site in Romania / Ioana Vizireanu and Ra˘zvan Mateescu 38 Genetic Versus Han-Type Algorithms for Maritime Transportation Problems / Doina Carp, Constantin Popa, and Cristina S¸ erban 39 A Three-Dimensional Approach to Oil and Gas Shale Exploitation in the US / Alexandre Charles Thys 40 A Glance at the Medical Activity of “Prof. Dr. V. Sion” Hospital of Constanta in 1931 / Octavian Dumitru Unc and Alexandra Nicoleta Unc 41 Land and Water in Romania’s Food Economy / Aurel Lup, Indira Deniz Alim, and Liliana Miron Congratulations / Romanian Academy, Romanian Committee of History of Science and Technology, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Professor Ana Fabian (Cluj-Napoca), Professor Nicolae Dura˘ (Constant¸a), Professor Garabet Kümbetlian (Constant¸a), International Ocean Institute (Malta), Professor Alexandre Herlea (Paris), Walter Lenz (Germany), and Writer Gabriele Kuby (Germany) Index

Note: Contents Part I Introduction Understanding Membranes and Vesicles: A Personal Recollection of the Last Two Decades / Reinhard Lipowsky Advanced Concepts and Perspectives of Membrane Physics / Erich Sackmann Part II Membranes by the Numbers Membranes by the Numbers / Rob Phillips Part III Spatial Heterogeneities in Biomembranes Lipid Rafts: A Personal Account / Kai Simons Theories of Equilibrium Inhomogeneous Fluids / Michael Schick Critical Lipidomics: The Consequences of Lipid Miscibility in Biological Membranes / Sarah L. Veatch and Pietro Cicuta Lateral Diffusion in Heterogeneous Cell Membranes / Didier Marguet and Laurence Salomé Mechanical Factors Affecting the Mobility of Membrane Proteins / Vincent Démery and David Lacoste Membrane Domains Under Cellular Recycling / S. Alex Rautu and Matthew S. Turner Protein Pattern Formation / Erwin Frey, Jacob Halatek, Simon Kretschmer, and Petra Schwille Part IV Biomembrane Mechanics and Consequences for Their Functions Biomembrane Mechanical Properties Direct Diverse Cell Functions / Dennis E. Discher Spontaneous and Intrinsic Curvature of Lipid Membranes: Back to the Origins / Michael M. Kozlov Membrane-Mediated Interactions / Anne-Florence Bitbol, Doru Constantin, and Jean-Baptiste Fournier Simulating Protein-Mediated Membrane Remodeling at Multiple Scales / Mijo Simunovic and Gregory A. Voth Mechanosensitivity of Membrane Budding and Trafficking / Lionel Foret Common Energetic and Mechanical Features of Membrane Fusion and Fission Machineries / David Tareste and Aurélien Roux Interaction of Particles and Pathogens with Biological Membranes / Thorsten Auth, Sabyasachi Dasgupta, and Gerhard Gompper Adhesion of Biological Membranes / Kheya Sengupta and Ana-Sunčana Smith Spatial and Mechanical Aspects of Signal Transduction in the Cell Membrane / Kabir H. Biswas and Jay T. Groves Protein-Induced Morphological Deformations of Biomembranes / P. B. Sunil Kumar and Mohamed Laradji Fluctuations in Active Membranes / Hervé Turlier and Timo Betz Postface

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Exkursionen 5. Fußexkursionen F 1: Wendelstein —Wangen —Nebra F2: Vitzenburg - Schmoner Tal - Reinsdorf F3: Karsdorf - Steigra - Karsdorf F4: Nebra —Dissau —Karsdorf F5: Dorndorfer und Gleinaer Berge F6: Freyburg - Laucha F7: Bad Bibra - Krawinkel - Laucha F8: Bergrücken Rödel S Freyburg F9: Um Freyburg F 10: Naumburg - Schulpforte - Bad Kosen - Naumburg F 11: Bad Kosen - Saaleck - Bad Kosen F12: Bad Kosen - Bad Sulza F l3: Rund um Bad Sulza F l4: Bad Sulza - Eckartsberga F l 5: Rund um Eckartsberga 6. Exkursionen mit dem Rad R I: Unstrut-Radwanderweg von Naumburg über Freyburg, Laucha, Karsdorf und Nebra zum Bottendorfer Flügel bei Roßleben R2: Saaletal 7. Exkursionen mit dem KFZ K 1: Nebra-Querfurter Platte K2: Naumburg - Möllern - Eckartsberga - Rastenberg - Schafau - Burgwenden - Flemleben K3: SE Naumburg (Naumburg - Janisroda - Meyhen - Wettaburg - Pratschütz)

Note: Contents Weather Forecasting Using Local Traditional Knowledge (LTK) in the Midst of Climate Change in Domboshawa, Zimbabwe / Vincent Itai Tanyanyiwa Climate Change Communication in Nepal / Anup K. C. Short Stories and Climate Change: An Application of Kolb’s Experiential Learning Model / Evangelos Manolas Role of the Media in Climate Change Communication in the Northwest Region of Cameroon / Suiven John Paul Tume, Mbilam Samson Jumbam, Ndze Albert Nsoseka, Ngoran Divine Nyarka, Lawong Judith Yenla and Njodzeka Gilbert Njodzeka Rural Indonesian Insight on Mass Media Role in Reducing Climate Change Risk / Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe Mapping Issues, Stakeholders and Actions on Youth Climate Change Communication in Indonesia for the Period 2008–2015 / Emilia Bassar, Impron and Paramitha Yanindraputri The Klimablog www.cambioclimatico-bolivia.org: Personal Reflections After 5 Years of Blogging on Climate Change from, for and About Bolivia / Dirk Hoffmann Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector of Sri Lanka: What We Learnt and Way Forward / Rasu Eeswaran What’s the Worst Thing that Can Happen?—A Simple Exercise to Communicating and Reasoning About Climate Change / Markus Will and Joost Platje The Challenges of Climate Change Communication for Lagos Coastal Communities / Peter Elias Seven Strategies of Climate Change Science Communication for Policy Change: Combining Academic Theory with Practical Evidence from Science–Policy Partnerships in Canada / Garrett Ward Richards and Rebecca Carruthers Den Hoed Climate Change Communication: Community Knowledge and Preparedness / Sri Hartini Rachmad University Student’s Perceptions About Climate Change: The Case of Interior Design and Architecture Students of a Brazilian University / Fátima Alves, Leonor Bacelar Nicolau, Dula Lima, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro and Paula Bacelar Nicolau The Grounding for a Fossil Fuel Free World: Integrating Climate Change Education into Secondary Schools / Gina Lovett, Claire Lambert, Eric Chu and Joyeeta Gupta Climate Change and Renewable Energy: Opinions and Emotions of Elementary School Pupils in the Prefecture of Evros / Sideri Lefkeli, Georgios Tsantopoulos and Evangelos Manolas Incorporation of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) into Biodiversity Management and Climate Change Variability Scenarios for Threatened Fish Species and Fishing Communities—Communication Patterns Among BioResources Users as a Prerequisite for Co-management: A Case Study of Berlenga MNR, Portugal and Resex-Mar of Arraial do Cabo, RJ, Brazil / Heitor de Oliveira Braga, Miguel Ângelo Pardal and Ulisses M. Azeiteiro Delivering Solutions: Engaging Farmers and Land Holders in the Climate Change Debate / Becky Willson and Stephen Roderick The Role of Risk Perceptions in Climate Change Communication: A Media Analysis on the UK Winter Floods 2015/2016 / Viktoria Cologna, Rosalind H. Bark and Jouni Paavola The Feeling of Red and Blue—A Constructive Critique of Color Mapping in Visual Climate Change Communication / Birgit Schneider and Thomas Nocke Using Heritage to Engage Antarctic Tourists with Climate Change / Camilla Nichol Calm Before the Storm: Assessing Climate Change and Sustainability in Saudi Arabian Universities / Naif Alghamdi ‘Committees’, a Promising Institution in Climate Change Communication and Adaptation? / Sabine Tröger The SHAPE of Effective Climate Change Communication: Taking a RoundView / Joanne Tippett and Fraser How Communication Strategies for Building Climate-Smart Farming Communities / Jemima M. Mandapati Engagement in Action: Communicating Climate Change Research to Non-specialist Audiences / Julie Biddlecombe-Brown, Adam Holden and Melissa Swartz Communicating Climate Change in the Greater Manchester Region: A Whole Systems Approach to Change / Judith Emanuel and Carolyn Kagan Erratum to: Climate Change Communication in Nepal / Anup K. C.

Note: Contents Part I Introduction 1 Famines: At the Interface of Nature and Society / Dominik Collet and Maximilian Schuh Part II Interdisciplinary Approaches 2 The European Mortality Crises of 1346–52 and Advent of the Little Ice Age / Bruce M.S. Campbell 3 Combining Written and Tree-Ring Evidence to Trace Past Food Crises: A Case Study from Finland / Heli Huhtamaa Part III Socionatural Entanglements 4 Two Decades of Crisis: Famine and Dearth During the 1480s and 1490s in Western and Central Europe / Chantal Camenisch 5 Climate and Famines in the Czech Lands Prior to AD 1500: Possible Interconnections in a European Context / Rudolf Brázdil, Oldřich Kotyza and Martin Bauch 6 Food Insecurity and Political Instability in the Southern Red Sea Region During the ‘Little Ice Age,’ 1650–1840 / Steven Serels Part IV Coping 7 The Role of Climate and Famine in the Medieval Eastern Expansion / Andreas Rüther 8 Famines in Late Medieval and Early Modern Italy: A Test for an Advanced Economy / Guido Alfani 9 Bread for the Poor: Poor Relief and the Mitigation of the Food Crises of the 1590s and the 1690s in Berkel, Holland / Jessica Dijkman 10 Educationalizing Hunger. Dealing with the Famine of 1770/71 in Zurich / Andrea De Vincenti Part V Perceiving and Remembering 11 Starvation Under Carolingian Rule. The Famine of 779 and the Annales Regni Francorum / Stephan Ebert 12 Staging the Return to Normality. Socio-cultural Coping Strategies with the Crisis of 1816/1817 / Maren Schulz 13 Remembering Hunger. Museums and the Material Culture of Famine / Andrea Fadani

Note: Contents 1 Rocks Work 2 Oil Play 3 Drilling Reflections 4 Interpretation in Time 5 New Adventures 6 The Field of Prospects 7 Gas on Tap 8 The Price of Oil Glossary

Note: Contents Introduction / Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Philippe Bonnal, Jean-François Bélières, Pierre Gasselin, and Élodie Valette Part I Non-commercial Rationales, an ‘Archaism’ Worth Revisiting Introduction / Pierre-Marie Bosc Family Farming in Polish Podlasie: Anachronism or Overlooked Potential? / Pascal Chevalier Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture, the Dairy Farms of Cairo, Egypt / Annabelle Daburon, Véronique Alary, Ahmed Ali, Mohammad El-Srogi, and Jean-François Tourrand Integration into International Markets of Cotton Family Farms in Mali / Mamy Soumaré, Jean-François Bélières, Michel Passouant, and Moumouni Sidibé The Precariousness of the Sedentarization of a Pastoral Fulani Population in Benin / Isabelle Droy and Jean-Étienne Bidou Part II Local Anchoring and Migration as Two Faces of the Same Coin Introduction / Élodie Valette Multi-localized Diversified Family Farming in Nicaragua / Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Anaïs Trousselle, and Geneviève Cortes The iony Moment: Migration, Livelihoods and Family Farming in the Upper Cañar Valley (Southern Ecuadorian Andes) / Michel Vaillant Agriculture in Southern Mozambique, an Activity Based on Labour Migration / Sara Mercandalli Part III On the Boundaries of Family Farming: Examples of Family Business Farming Introduction / Jean-Michel Sourisseau In Between Agro-industries and Family Business Farms: Ephemeral Smallholder Family Plantations in Indonesia / Stéphanie Barral Family Farming in Brazil: Modernized and Integrated / Osmar Tomaz de Souza, Philippe Bonnal, Leonardo Beroldt, and Renata Menasche Family-Run Farm Enterprises, Territories and Policies in Argentina / Sophie Chaxel, Roberto Cittadini, Pierre Gasselin, and Christophe Albaladejo Part IV Diversification of Activities Between Strategies of Survival and Accumulation Introduction / Pierre Gasselin Family Farming Confronted by Drought and Liberalization in Senegal / Ibrahima Hathie and Cheikh Oumar Ba Long-Term Accumulation Strategies and Family Farms in Cameroon / Philippe Pédelahore The Uncertain Market Integration of Family Farms in Madagascar / Nicole Andrianirina Part V Organization of the Family Between a Collective Asset and the Limitations of Individual Strategies Introduction / Jean-François Bélières From Large to Small Families in Burkina Faso: Disrupted Generations and Statuses / Sébastien Bainville A Family and Its Cross-Border Pastoral System: Between Niger, Chad and Nigeria / Bernard Bonnet, Ousman Malam Ousseini, and Issoufou El Hadj Attoumane Part VI Beyond Family Farming: The Determining Influence of Political and Territorial Issues Introduction / Philippe Bonnal Fragmentation of Irrigated Family Farms in Southern India / Frédéric Landy On the Roof of the World, the Herders of the Tibetan Plateau Confronted by Change / Ruijun Long, Xiao Jing Qi, Luming Ding, Tingting Yang, Thierry Bonaudo, Bernard Hubert, and Jean-François Tourrand Family Farming in Contemporary Kanak Society / Séverine Bouard, Leïla Apithy, and Stéphane Guyard Conclusion: Methodological and Conceptual Contributions / Philippe Bonnal, Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Pierre-Marie Bosc, Pierre Gasselin, Jean-François Bélières, and Élodie Valette References

Note: Contents In Search of New Narratives for Informed Decisions on Climate Change Crisis in the African Drylands / Aliyu Barau and Adamu Idris Tanko Assessing High School Student Perceptions and Comprehension of Climate Change / Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, P. Bacelar-Nicolau, P. T. Santos, L. Bacelar-Nicolau and F. Morgado A Sustainability Livelihood Approach (SLA) Model for Assessing Disaster Preparedness and Resilience of the People: Case Study of Cox’s Bazar Sadar Upazila in Bangladesh / Md. Mokhlesur Rahman and Weifeng Li Loving Glacier National Park Online: Climate Change Communication and Virtual Place Attachment / Salma Monani, Sarah Principato, Dori Gorczyca and Elizabeth Cooper Understanding Communication Needs: A Marikina Barangay Experience Linking Flooding to Climate Change Communication / Charlotte Kendra Gotangco and Inez Ponce de Leon Climate: The Great Maestro of Life on Earth. History, Didactics and Case Studies / Maria Rosário Bastos, Joana Gaspar de Freitas and João Pedro Cunha Ribeiro Children Communicating on Climate Change: The Case of a Summer Camp at a Greek Island / Constantina Skanavis and Aristea Kounani Communicating the IPCC: Challenges and Opportunities / Jonathan Lynn Performative Methods for Climate Change Communication in Academic Settings: Case Study of the Freiburg Scientific Theatre / Sadhbh Juárez-Bourke Watershed Discipleship: Communicating Climate Change Within a Christian Framework: A Case Study Analysis / Cherice Bock Assessment of Outdoor Workers Perception Working in Extreme Hot Climate / Haruna Musa Moda and Abdullah Alshahrani Games for Knowledge Transfer and as a Stimulus for Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture—Lessons Learned from a Game Prototype / Anja Hansen, Kathrin Schneider and Johanna Lange Climate Impacts for German Schools—An Educational Web Portal Solution / Ines Blumenthal, Carolin Schlenther, Simon Hirsbrunner, Manfred Stock and Thomas Nocke Communicating Climate Change in a Museum Setting—A Case Study / Bettina C. Lackner, Sajeev Erangu Purath Mohankumar, Matthias Damert, Daniel Petz, Lukas Meyer, Roman Klug and Barbara Reiter Climate Change Communication in Higher Education Institutions: The Case of the North-West University in South Africa / Paola Villavicencio Calzadilla, Romain Mauger and Anél Du Plessis Traditional Ecological Knowledge as a Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: The Case of the Portuguese Coastal Populations / Joana Gaspar de Freitas, Maria Rosário Bastos and João Alveirinho Dias Building Carbon Literacy: How the Irish Press Normalise Public Discussion About Climate Mitigation Actions / Brenda McNally Climate Change Communication and User Engagement: A Tool to Anticipate Climate Change / Marta Terrado, Isadora Christel, Dragana Bojovic, Albert Soret and Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes Encouraging 10,000 Staff to Take Action on Sustainability: A Case Study of a Sustainability Engagement Programme in Higher Education / Lucy Millard Disseminating Climate Change: The Role of Museums in Activating the Global Public / Morien Rees and Walter Leal Filho Engaging People with Climate Change Through Museums / Henry McGhie, Sarah Mander and Ralph Underhill Considering the Role of Government in Communicating Climate Change: Lessons from the US Public Flood Insurance Program / Chad J. McGuire Istanbul’s Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Urban Sectors’ Based Assessment / Aysun Aygün and Tüzin Baycan Enhancing Intergenerational Communication Around Climate Change / Susan A. Brown and Raichael Lock