ALBERT

Description: A fundamental exploratory experiment is conducted assessing the performance of a one-sided ejector with the eventual goal of noise reduction for jet engines. The hardware is comprised of an 8:1 rectangular nozzle together with an ejector box whose lower surface is flush with the lower lip of the nozzle. Secondary flow is allowed through a gap between the upper lip of the nozzle and a flap that constitutes the upper surface of the ejector. Wall static pressures and Pitot probe surveys are conducted to evaluate the performance of the ejector with variation of geometric parameters. It is found that addition of vortex generating tabs at the upper lip of the nozzle significantly increases secondary flow entrainment. The entrainment is further enhanced by a divergence of the ejector upper surface. Limited noise measurements are done. The baseline ejector (without tabs) often encounters flow resonance with accompanying tones. The tabs have the additional benefit of eliminating those tones in all cases. However, for the tabbed case, addition of the ejector produces insignificant further noise reduction. This is due to the fact that the flow remains unmixed on the lower half of the ejector. The focus of ongoing and future efforts is to achieve sufficient mixing of the flow so that the exhaust velocities are uniformly low, while keeping the ejector hardware short and lightweight.

Description: Outline - Introduction: X-57 CFD task overview; Motivation. Part I, Computational simulations without propulsion: Establishing CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Best Practices - Grid generation - Mesh refinement study - Numerical methods - Wind tunnel validation study; Power-Off Aerodynamic Database Results. Part II, Computational simulations with propulsion: Cruise Power-On Database; High-Lift Power-On Database. Summary.

Description: A rotor blade comprises an airfoil extending radially from a root section to a tip section and axially from a leading edge to a trailing edge, the leading and trailing edges defining a curvature therebetween. The curvature determines a relative exit angle at a relative span height between the root section and the tip section, based on an incident flow velocity at the leading edge of the airfoil and a rotational velocity at the relative span height. In operation of the rotor blade, the relative exit angle determines a substantially flat exit pressure ratio profile for relative span heights from 75% to 95%, wherein the exit pressure ratio profile is constant within a tolerance of 10% of a maximum value of the exit pressure ratio profile.

Description: A simulator to artificially generate turbofan broadband signatures using the ANCF (Advanced Noise Control Fan) test article is presented. [Development of a Broadband Acoustic Emulator to Mature Propulsion Noise Reduction (CFANS-BB: Configurable Fan Artificial Noise Source- Broadband)]

Description: Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations have been performed on a three-stream inverted velocity profile nozzle with and without various configurations of chevrons attached. The nozzle was mounted on a planform to imitate an engine mounted above a wing, shielding ground observers from engine noise. Several chevron designs intended to aggressively mix the jet and move noise sources upstream for shielding were examined to investigate there effects on noise and thrust. Numerical results for the baseline nozzle and one chevron configuration were compared with far-field noise and particle image velocimetry data obtained in NASA Glenn Research Center's Aero-Acoustic Propulsion Laboratory. A configuration in which chevrons alternate penetration into the primary stream and tertiary fan stream was explored using the Modern Design of Experiments approach. Short, high-penetration chevrons demonstrated a significant noise reduction for a relatively small thrust penalty.

Description: This paper describes the design of a turboshaft engine for a tiltwing air taxi application. In this case, the tiltwing air taxi is intended to fly a 400 nm mission with up to fifteen passengers. Engine requirements for the concept engine are taken from aircraft system studies where thrust is produced by four propellers driven by electric motors and powered by a single gas turbine engine. The purpose of this paper is to perform a cycle design optimization that minimizes fuel consumption and weight while respecting current technology limitations to meet mission requirements. To achieve results, the engine overall pressure ratio and maximum temperature at the exit of the combustor are set as the design parameters. Several sensitivity studies are also performed to visualize optimization trends. Results of the optimization study show solutions are heavily dependent on engine cooling flow requirements and exact mission requirements. This engine is intended for use in large system optimization research.

Description: Time accurate simulation of non-equilibrium flows inside shock tube facilities presents several challenges from both physical and mathematical aspects. Furthermore, the large computational cost makes it impractical to support a real-time experimental test campaign. In this work, we explore other methods for modeling the shock tube problem with the main focus on the post-shock region and the absolute radiation emanating from it. The proposed alternative approach is several orders of magnitude less computationally expensive while still accurate enough with regards to the quantities of interest. Excellent agreement is found with the established stagnation-line approach. Comparison with time-accurate simulations shows good agreement close to the peak values and disagreement of the temperatures relaxation and radiance profiles toward equilibrium.

Description: Magnetic gearing is being investigated at NASA as a replacement to conventional mechanical gearing in aerospace applications. Some potential benefits of magnetic gears over mechanical gearing are torque transmission without mechanical contact, decreased transmission noise, and no required lubrication. However, in order to be a viable alternative for aerospace applications, magnetic gearing must be shown to provide high enough specific torque (torque per unit mass). NASA's second magnetic gearing prototype (PT-2) was able to achieve promising specific torque on par with low torque mechanical gearboxes. This work will briefly review the electromagnetic and structural design of PT-2, provide detailed information on fabrication and assembly, examine build errors, walk through rebuild efforts to improve operation, and conclude with remarks on build difficulties and opportunities for improvement in future prototypes.

Description: NASA Acoustic Stirling IRAD (Internal Research and Development) Thermal Recovery Energy Efficient System (TREES) Energy Conversion and Management in Aircraft. Presentation on energy conversion on aircraft. Thermal energy recovery changes aircraft thermal management from being a necessary burden on aircraft performance to a desirable asset. It improves the engine performance by recycling waste heat and ultimately rejecting all collected aircraft heat out through the engine nozzle.

Description: Turboshaft engine performance and weight models were developed to support conceptual propulsion and vehicle mission design in support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Aeronautics Mission Research Directorate's (ARMD) Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) Project. These models were developed using open data sources, assuming current and advanced technology levels, and range from 650 to 7,500 shaft output horsepower (485 to 5,600 kilowatts). Documenting the methodology, assumptions, and resulting performance realizes important benefits for NASA and the aviation community. NASA concept vehicle efforts using these propulsion models can more readily shared among the government, industry and university community as common baselines to support current and future work. Assessing the benefits of advanced technologies and new configurations can be facilitated using these models, which helps guide technology investment. As the various modeling conceptual vehicle and mission analysis environments advance, these models can be used directly for broader systems analysis studies, including optimization within the propulsion model itself. To perform this effort, the turboshaft engine is briefly discussed, highlighting the specific components and their expected performance characteristics over the power range and technology levels considered. Engine configurations will also be discussed as they will vary based on power output and assumed technology level. Engine performance, such as airflow, power output and weight will be reported, noting trends that are important for system studies. The effect of advanced propulsion technologies on RVLT-concept vehicles are also reported. Finally, potential future propulsion modeling work will be proposed.

Description: A model-scale exhaust system was tested to validate low-noise concepts and noise prediction methods. The tests involved far-field acoustics, translating phased array, and particle image velocimetry; this report covers the far-field acoustic measurements. Data were acquired for a series of nozzles with different chevron designs, both uninstalled and installed on a representative aircraft planform. The impact of the various chevron treatments on the far-field noise was documented, along with the impact of the pylon and planform. For the baseline nozzle, installation produced a 2 EPNdB (Effective Perceived Noise in deciBels) reduction, as assumed in system studies. Chevrons were used to shift noise sources upstream to maximize the installation benefits and to reduce unshielded sources downstream. These resulted in reductions of 4-5 EPNdB...

Description: Turboshaft engine performance and weight models were developed to support conceptual propulsion and vehicle mission design and performance under the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology (RVLT) Project. These models were developed using open data sources, assuming current and advanced technology levels, and range from 650 to 7,500 shaft output horsepower (485 to 5,600 kW). Documenting the methodology, assumptions, and resulting performance realizes important benefits NASA and the aviation community. NASA concept vehicle efforts using these propulsion models can be more readily shared among the government, industry and university community as common baselines to support current and future work. Assessing the benefits of advanced technologies and new configurations can be facilitated using these models, which helps guide technology investment. As the various modeling conceptual vehicle and mission analysis environments advanced, these models can be used directly for broader systems analysis studies, including optimization within the propulsion model itself. To perform this effort, the turboshaft engine is briefly discussed, highlighting the specific components and their expected performance characteristics over the power range and technology levels considered. Engine configurations will also be discussed as they will vary based on power output and assumed technology level. Engine performance, such as airflow, power output and weight will be reported, noting trends that are important for system studies. The effect of advanced propulsion technologies on RVLT concept vehicles are also reported. Finally, potential future propulsion modeling work will be proposed.

Description: This paper presents the design, development, operation, and test capabilities of a proposed superconducting coil testbed to measure alternating current (AC) losses at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Superconducting AC losses are important in the design of electric stators and rotors, power transmission lines, transformers, fault current limiters, magnets, and superconducting energy storage (not batteries). The new liquid-hydrogen-based rig will allow superconducting testing across a wide range of test parameters, including injected current up to 400 A, frequency (0 to 400 Hz), magnetic field (0 to 0.6 T), phase angle between induced voltage and injected current (180 to 180), coil coolant temperature (18 to 28 K), and AC power loss (5 to 30 W). While the target application of interest is 20 K superconducting MgB2 (the only superconductor that can presently be made with low losses) stator coils for future electric machines, the rig can accommodate test articles (TAs) with straight wire, tape, cables, coils of any shape, any allowable combination of superconducting wire and fluid (e.g., yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) coils and liquid nitrogen), and AC or direct current (DC) testing. The new spin rig builds upon the existing Air Force spin rig through a more flexible mode of fluid control, a wider gap space (up to 10.2 cm) for TAs, and the ability to accommodate TAs over a wider range of operating temperatures (18 to 95 K) using liquid hydrogen, gaseous helium, or liquid nitrogen as the working fluid, thus supporting direct cooled machines below 77 K.

Description: The pressure gain combustion (PGC) community is currently investigating rotating detonation engine (RDE) configurations where the flow direction is predominantly radial while the detonation travels circumferentially. These configurations are sometimes referred to as disk rotating detonation engines (DRDE) due to their nominal appearance as two disks in parallel with a gap between them. Having radial flow between disks, as opposed to the conventional RDE with axial flow in an annulus, may have profound effects on both the flow field and the performance. It may also yield extraordinarily compact devices which are well suited to particular propulsion and power applications. This presentation describes a preliminary effort to model the DRDE using a modified computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code originally written for analyzing ordinary RDE's. The quasi-two-dimensional code modifications are described, and some simple test flows are analyzed to insure that the modifications are functioning as envisioned. The code is then used to examine several DRDE scenarios such as radially inward and radially outward devices to see if stable operation is possible and if so, to assess the performance in terms of pressure gain. It is found that several flow scenarios are not only stable, but show superior performance to the ordinary RDE.

Description: No abstract available

Description: Magnetic gears are currently being developed for use in a variety of industries such as wind and automotive, because of their higher reliability and lower maintenance cost than their mechanical counterparts. The bulk of magnetic gear development to date has focused on maximizing the technology's volumetric torque density. In contrast, the primary performance metrics for an aircraft's gear box are its mass and efficiency. To that end this paper presents a study of the achievable electromagnetic specific torque and efficiency of concentric magnetic gears. NASA's second magnetic gear prototype is used as the baseline for this study. Achievable electromagnetic specific torque and efficiency trends are presented with respect to higher level design variables such as gear ratio and radius.

Description: Magnetic gears are an attractive alternative to mechanical gears for electrified aircraft drive systems due to their ability to transmit torque without mechanical tooth contact. Consequently, magnetic gears enable electrified aircraft to take advantage of the benefits of gearing without introducing most of the contact-related reliability concerns associated with mechanical gearing. Magnetic gears however, have not been shown to match the specific torque (torque/mass) and efficiency of their mechanical counterparts in an aerospace application to date. In this paper, the design of a concentric magnetic gear for a personal air transport NASA reference vehicle is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of a magnetic gear for aerospace applications.

Description: An experiment is conducted with hot-wire anemometry to document the exit boundary layer characteristics of two nozzle configurations at jet Mach numbers up to 0.82. Far-field noise and jet plume experimental data from these two configurations have been used in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of jets by colleagues at other Institutions. The current experiment provides the boundary layer data which have been identified as being critical for validation of the simulations since the initial conditions can significantly affect subsequent jet evolution and its radiated noise. The data exhibit fully turbulent boundary layers for the case with a pipe attached upstream of the nozzle. The case without the pipe involves Blasius-like mean velocity profiles but a highly disturbed laminar state with large turbulence intensities in a range of subsonic Mach numbers.

Description: Electrified aircraft propulsion seeks to address ambitious goals in the commercial airline industry, including significant decreases in fuel burn, emissions, noise, and takeoff field length. In order to move these electrified propulsion concepts forward, analysis tools are needed that can model propulsion systems containing both gas turbine and power system components. This work presents the definition of an electric port, a set of electrical power systems tools, and simulation examples for the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) software. NPSS is the industry standard modeling and simulation package for aircraft propulsion systems, and the ability to design, size, integrate, and analyze electric power systems will enable industry efforts towards the development of electrified aircraft propulsion.

Description: An overview is given of an effort that focused on using CFD analysis to complement design and configuration definition of Lean-Direct Injection (LDI) combustion concepts for NASA's Commercial Supersonic Transport (CST) program. The National Combustion Code (OpenNCC) was used to perform non-reacting and two-phase reacting flow computations for second and third generation LDI configurations at CST cruise conditions. All computations were performed with a consistent approach of mesh-generation, spray modeling, ignition and kinetics modeling. Emissions (EINOx) characteristics were predicted for CST cruise conditions, and compared with emissions data from experimental measurements to evaluate the fidelity of the CFD modeling approach to predict emissions changes in response to changes in supersonic cycle conditions.

Description: Some of the challenges associated with developing electric aircraft propulsion systems include developing powertrain components that are both efficient and light-weight. In particular, electric motors must simultaneously achieve high efficiency by minimizing electrical and mechanical losses while also achieving high specific power by increasing the torque and/or speed. Normally increasing torque or speed will increase electrical and mechanical losses. The High Efficiency Megawatt Machine (HEMM) minimizes electrical losses by incorporating a superconductor to enable increased current on the rotor. And the rotor spins in a vacuum to minimize thermal and mechanical losses. Some organizations have been developing superconducting rotors for similar reasons using either cryogenic fluid transfer systems, fully immersed cryogenic cooling, and in a few cases utilized built-in cryogenic cooling on the rotor using a Brayton or Stirling system but the implementation was too large or inefficient for effective motor integration. Instead, a new approach for cryogenically cooling the superconducting rotor coil with an embedded rotating cryocooler is presented that fits completely within the rotating shaft.

Description: Time accurate simulation of non-equilibrium flows inside shock tube facilities presents several challenges from both physical and mathematical aspects. Furthermore, the drastic computational cost makes it non-practical to support real-time experimental test campaign. In this work, we explore other methods for modeling the shock tube prob- lem with the main focus on the post-shock region and the absolute radiation emanating from it. The proposed alternative approach is several orders of magnitude less computa- tionally expansive while still accurate enough with regards to the quantities of interest. Excellent agreement is found with the well-established stagnation-line approach. Comparison with the time-accurate simulation shows good agreement close to the peak values and disagreement of the temperatures relaxation and radiance profiles toward equilibrium, due to shock speed unsteadiness.

Description: The X-57 60kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for cruise applications was modeled utilizing a two-dimensional electromagnetics simulation software called Finite Element Method Magnets (FEMM, D. Meeker). Through FEMM, the simulated induction and torque characteristics of the X-57 PMSM were obtained. These parameters and other values were compared to actual static laboratory measurements. A three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the X-57 cruise motor was created utilizing OperaFEA (Dassault Systemes SE, Velizy-Villacoublay, France). Torque, RPM, power, resistance, and inductance characteristics were examined along with establishing work to begin examining heat flow and heat dissipation for efficiency purposes.

Description: The adoption of SiC devices in high power applications enables higher switching speed, which requires lower circuit parasitic inductance to reduce the voltage overshoot. This paper presents the design of a busbar for a 500 kVA three-level active natural clamped converter. The layout of the busbar is discussed in detail based on the analysis of the multiple commutation loops, magnetic cancelling effect, and DC-link capacitor placement. The loop inductance of the designed busbar is verified with simulation, impedance measurements and converter experiment. The results can match with each other and the inductances of small and large loop are 6.5 nH and 17.5 nH respectively, which is significantly lower than the busbars of NPC type converters in other references.

Description: NASA is broadly engaged in Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) efforts across air vehicle sizes and electric aircraft propulsion approaches. EAP enables a wide range of propulsion airframe integration options as well as the use of rechargeable energy storage in an aircraft. This paper is limited to a discussion of boundary layer ingestion (BLI) systems which are located on the fuselage of the aircraft and use electrical drive systems. We term that combination an "electrical propulsive fuselage". The benefits, challenges, and design parameters of an electrically driven fuselage BLI system are considered. Five existing types of fuselage BLI implementation approaches which can be implemented using either electrical or mechanical drive systems are reviewed. An overview of boundary layer types, fan response to boundary layer, and electrical system for aircraft propulsion is presented. An idea distributed electric propulsive fuselage is proposed.

Description: An overview is given of an effort for the use of CFD analysis to complement design and configuration definition of third generation Lean-Direct Injection combustion concepts (LDI-3) for NASAs N+3 program. The National Combustion Code (OpenNCC) was used to perform non-reacting and two-phase reacting flow computations for a three-cup, nineteen-element flame tube array with redesigned pilot injectors to improve spray and emissions characteristics when compared to a previous LDI-3 design. All computations were performed with a consistent approach to mesh-generation, spray modeling, ignition and kinetics modeling for a medium-power cycle condition. Computational predictions of the aerodynamics of a new pre-filming pilot injector were used to arrive at an optimized aerothermal design that meets effective area and fuel-air mixing criteria. The newly designed pilot injectors were shown to provide considerable improvements in aerodynamic stability, flame-tube pattern factor and NOx emissions, when compared to the original design.

Description: Magnetic gears are currently being explored to replace mechanical gears in various industries such as wind and automotive due to their higher reliability and lower maintenance requirements. In these applications volume minimization has been the goal of magnetic gear development. In contrast, the primary performance metrics for electrified aircraft drives are mass and efficiency. This paper presents the first ever study of design tradeoffs between electromagnetic mass and efficiency of concentric magnetic gears and the feasibility of achieving the low mass and high efficiency required for electrified aircraft applications. Higher level design variables are considered, including gear ratio, number of magnetic pole pairs, and number of magnets per pole pair.

Description: This presentation describes experimental and computational approaches to measuring pressure gain in the various devices currently under investigation wherein the working fluid undergoes a pressure gain combustion (PGC) process. Pressure gain is essentially a measure of the fluid availability for work or thrust production. The devices covered are Resonant Pulse Combustors, Internal Combustion Wave Rotors, Pulse Detonation Engines, and Rotating Detonation Engines. The approaches to pressure gain measurement differ in each device. However, all of the approaches attempt to address the fundamental challenges of PGC system measurement: the extremely harsh environment which makes instrumentation difficult, and the temporal and spatial non-uniformity associated with the exhausting flow which makes assigning a single value to the total pressure difficult. As part of the two-day 2019 International Constant Volume and Detonative Combustion Workshop, held in conjunction with the 2019 AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum, this presentation is intended to foster discussion and eventual consensus on acceptable measurement methods.

Description: Transition from fossil fuels to synthetic drop-in fuels without the need to change existing combustors is the current research topic. The combustor performances such as cold-day ignition limits, lean blow-out (LBO) limits and altitude relight limits are the main focus points. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of different fuel candidates on the operability of gas turbines by comparing a conventional petroleum-based fuel with one other alternative fuel candidate. Time filtered Navier-Stokes simulations (TFNS) and K-LES are performed to examine the performance of these fuels at the stable conditions close to blow-out in a referee combustor rig.

Description: This paper continues a parametric study in which we consider the effect of air swirler configuration on the flame structure and combustor performance using a circular 7-point Lean Direct Injector Array for gas turbine applications. The injector array consists of a center swirler element surrounded by six swirler elements. Parameters considered in this study include swirler angle (60 or 52), handedness (co-swirling or counter-swirling) and center swirler offset. The primary focus considers flame stability, comparing four key air swirler configurations: for 1) fuel-lean flames; 2) high cold flow air reference velocity flames. We determined that the baseline swirler configuration had the best lean stability and could sustain the highest reference velocity. For this baseline configuration, we also compare the lean-blowout limits of four aircraft gas turbine reference fuels. With regard to lean blow-out, we determined that C4 could sustain the leanest flame, followed closely by A2. A1 was a poor performer.

Description: In rotorcraft, one of the main sources of mechanical failure is the gearbox, because of the many wear and failure modes associated with tooth contact in traditional mechanical gear boxes. Magnetic gears transmit torque without mechanical tooth contact between gear bodies and therefore they have none of the tooth contact related failure modes associated with mechanical gearing. As a result, magnetic gears have the potential to enable more reliable rotorcraft gearboxes. However, magnetic gears have not been demonstrated to match the performance of mechanical gearboxes at a high enough technology readiness level (TRL) to be used on an aircraft to date. To that end, NASA's Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technologies project has made an investment in developing magnetic gearboxes specifically for electrified vertical lift vehicles (EVTOL). In this presentation, the results of that investment to date will be discussed.

Description: Presentation to the International Forum on Aviation (IFAR) at the Electric Hybrid Propulsion Workshop #2 in Budapest, Hungary. This presentation is to provide an overview of NASA's investments in electrified propulsion as a starting point for the workshop, which will concentrate on the safety of electrified airplanes and potential for international collaboration.

Description: No abstract available

Description: This is for an invited lecture at Cleveland State University for a combustion course. The presentation gives an overview of some of the optical diagnostic techniques the Combustion Branch uses to characterize research fuel injection concepts to reduce emissions. Examples are provided that come from previously presented conference papers

Description: Porous Microstructure Analysis (PuMA) software is used to perform simulations of molecular beam scattering experiments of hyperthermal atomic oxygen striking FiberFormr, a carbon preform material used commonly as a precursor in thermal protection systems (TPS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the reactive interaction of fibrous carbon with atomic oxygen in a complex microstructure, which is the primary source of carbon removal at lower temperatures. The detailed micro-structure of FiberFormr obtained from X-ray micro-tomography is used in the PuMA simulations to capture the complexity of the porous and fibrous characteristic of FiberFormr. A finite-rate surface chemistry model recently constructed from the molecular beam scattering experiments on vitreous carbon is applied to each fiber of the FiberFormr material. This model consists of detailed surface reaction mechanisms such as adsorption, desorption, and several types of Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) reactions to characterize the oxygen-carbon interactions at the surface. Comparison between the experimental and PuMA time-of-flight (TOF) distributions of both O and CO show good agreement. It is also found that a significantly higher amount of CO is generated when the beam interacted with FiberFormr, when compared with vitreous carbon. This is postulated to be primarily a result of multiple collisions of oxygen with the fibers, resulting in an higher effective rate of CO production. Multiple collisions with the different fibers, resulting from the porous nature of FiberFormr is also found to thermalize the O atoms, in addition to the adsorption/desorption process. The effect of micro-structure is concluded to be crucial in determining the final composition and energy distributions of the products. Thus, an effective model for the oxygen interaction with FiberFormr, fully accounting for the detailed micro-structure, for use in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and material response codes, is presented.

Description: MIT, Aurora Flight Sciences, and USC have collaborated to assess the feasibility of electric, hybridelectric, and turbo-electric propulsion for ultra-efficient commercial transportation. The work has drawn on the team expertise in disciplines related to aircraft design, propulsion-airframe integration, electric machines and systems, engineering system design, and optimization. A parametric trade space analysis has been carried out to assess vehicle performance across a range of transport missions and propulsion architectures to establish how electrified propulsion systems scale. An optimization approach to vehicle conceptual design modeling was taken to enable rapid multidisciplinary design space exploration and sensitivity analysis. The results of the analysis indicate vehicle aero-propulsive integration benefits enabled by electrification are required to offset the increased weight and loss associated with the electric system and achieve enhanced performance; the report describes the conceptual configurations than can offer such enhancements. The main contribution of the present work is the definition of electric vehicle design attributes for potential efficiency improvements at different scales. Based on these results, key areas for future research are identified, and extensions to the trade space analysis suitable for higher fidelity electrified commercial aircraft design and analysis have been developed.

Description: Hybrid electric propulsion architectures provide the infrastructure to enable additional benefits to the propulsion system that are otherwise unrealizable with the sole use of the current, state-of-the-art, gas-driven, turbine engines. The presence of electric machines (EMs) coupled to the shaft(s) of the turbine engine provide the ability to actively alter the operation of the engine to the benefit of the propulsion system and the aircraft it propels. This is the goal of the Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) concept, which at its broadest level addresses the management of energy across the electrified propulsion system. Prior work has demonstrated the use of this concept to alter steady-state operation and improve transient operability of a hybrid-electric propulsion system. The main benefits previously illustrated include the elimination of stability bleeds and expansion of the turbomachinery design space in order to enable more efficient designs. This paper focuses on the development of control strategies to implement the TEEM concept, and it explores several possible architecture variants for applying this concept. Comparison studies are conducted between a purely gas-driven turbofan (baseline engine configuration) and TEEM augmented variants of the baseline engine. The variants are distinguished by the shaft(s) that possess an EM. The configurations consider EMs on both shafts, an EM on the high pressure spool (HPS) only, and an EM on the low pressure spool (LPS) only. These configurations are referred to as the dual-spool configuration, the HPS configuration, and LPS configuration, respectively. The studies expose several options in configuring and controlling the system, including the use of a single EM coupled to a single shaft of a two-spool engine to positively impact the operability of both shafts. The studies also demonstrate the use of independently designed controllers for the electric machine(s) that allow for a decoupled control design process.

Description: NASA's broad investments in Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP) are reviewed in this paper. NASA investments are guided by an assessment of potential market impacts, technical key performance parameters, and technology readiness attained through a combination of studies, enabling fundamental research, and flight research. NASA has determined that the impact of EAP varies by market and NASA is considering three markets: national/international, on-demand mobility, and short haul regional air transport. Flight research is underway to demonstrate integrated solutions and inform standards and certification processes. This paper focuses on the vehicle related activities, however there are related NASA activities in air space management and vehicle autonomy activities as well as a breakthrough technology project called the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions Project. A key finding is that sufficient technical advances in key areas have been made which indicate EAP is a viable technology for aircraft. Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft. This paper will review the activities of the Hybrid Gas Electric Subproject of the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project, the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Project, and the X-57 Flight Demonstration Project, and discuss the potential EAP benefits for commercial and military applications.

Description: An overview is given of an effort that focused on using CFD analysis to complement design and configuration definition of Lean-Direct Injection (LDI) combustion concepts for NASA's Commercial Supersonic Transport (CST) program. The National Combustion Code (OpenNCC) was used to perform non-reacting and two-phase reacting flow computations for second and third generation LDI configurations at CST cruise conditions. All computations were performed with a consistent approach of mesh-generation, spray modeling, ignition and kinetics modeling. Emissions (EINOx) characteristics were predicted for CST cruise conditions, and compared with emissions data from experimental measurements to evaluate the fidelity of the CFD modeling approach to predict emissions changes in response to changes in supersonic cycle conditions.

Description: Some of the challenges associated with developing electric aircraft propulsion systems include developing powertrain components that are both efficient and light-weight. In particular, electric motors must simultaneously achieve high efficiency by minimizing electrical and mechanical losses while also achieving high specific power by increasing the torque and/or speed. Normally increasing torque or speed will increase electrical and mechanical losses. The High Efficiency Megawatt Machine (HEMM) minimizes electrical losses by incorporating a superconductor to enable increased current on the rotor. And the rotor spins in a vacuum to minimize thermal and mechanical losses. Some organizations have been developing superconducting rotors for similar reasons using either cryogenic fluid transfer systems, fully immersed cryogenic cooling, and in a few cases utilized built-in cryogenic cooling on the rotor using a Brayton or Stirling system but the implementation was too large or inefficient for effective motor integration. Instead, a new approach for cryogenically cooling the superconducting rotor coil with an embedded rotating cryocooler is presented that fits completely within the rotating shaft.

Description: An experiment is conducted with hot-wire anemometry to document the exit boundary layer characteristics of two nozzle configurations at jet Mach numbers up to 0.82. Far-field noise and jet plume experimental data from these two configurations have been used in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of jets by colleagues at other Institutions. The current experiment provides the boundary layer data which have been identified as being critical for validation of the simulations since the initial conditions can significantly affect subsequent jet evolution and its radiated noise. The data exhibit fully turbulent boundary layers for the case with a pipe attached upstream of the nozzle. The case without the pipe involves Blasius-like mean velocity profiles but a highly disturbed laminar state with large turbulence intensities in a range of subsonic Mach numbers.

Description: Electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems hold potential for the reduction of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise. Currently, NASA and other organizations are actively working to identify and mature technologies necessary to bring EAP designs to reality. This paper specifically focuses on the envisioned control technology challenges associated with EAP designs that include gas turbine technology. Topics discussed include analytical tools for the dynamic modeling and analysis of EAP systems, and control design strategies at the propulsion and component levels. This includes integrated supervisory control facilitating the coordinated operation of turbine and electrical components, control strategies that seek to minimize fuel consumption and lessen the challenges associated with thermal management, and dynamic control to ensure engine operability during system transients. These dynamic control strategies include innovative control approaches that either extract or supply power to engine shafts dependent upon operating phase, which may improve performance and reduced gas turbine engine weight. Finally, a discussion of control architecture design considerations to help alleviate the propulsion/aircraft integration and certification challenges associated with EAP systems is provided.

Description: Electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems hold potential for the reduction of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise. Currently, NASA and other organizations are actively working to identify and mature technologies necessary to bring EAP designs to reality. This paper specifically focuses on the envisioned control technology challenges associated with EAP designs that include gas turbine technology. Topics discussed include analytical tools for the dynamic modeling and analysis of EAP systems, and control design strategies at the propulsion and component levels. This includes integrated supervisory control facilitating the coordinated operation of turbine and electrical components, control strategies that seek to minimize fuel consumption and lessen the challenges associated with thermal management, and dynamic control to ensure engine operability during system transients. These dynamic control strategies include innovative control approaches that either extract or supply power to engine shafts dependent upon operating phase, which may improve performance and reduced gas turbine engine weight. Finally, a discussion of control architecture design considerations to help alleviate the propulsion/aircraft integration and certification challenges associated with EAP systems is provided.

Description: The accuracy of the scale-resolving simulations for practical geometries strongly depends on the inflow boundary conditions. Imposing experimentally observed turbulent inflow profiles for the numerical simulations is a major challenge. Existing methods available in the literature assume self-similar behavior, which is not true for most of the experiments. In the present work, we formulate the turbulent inflow profile generation technique as an optimization problem. An adjoint technique is exploited to evaluate the sensitivities of multiple input parameters for the present problem. The present formulation is then tested to generate a laminar boundary layer profile, turbulent boundary layer profile, and turbulent jet profile.

Description: Magnetic gearing is being investigated at NASA as a replacement to conventional mechanical gearing in aerospace applications. Some key benefits of magnetic gears over mechanical gearing are torque transmission without mechanical contact, decreased transmission noise, less frequent maintenance, and lack of lubrication. In order to take advantage of these benefits in aerospace applications, magnetic gearing must be shown to provide high enough specific torque (torque per unit mass). Prototype 2 (PT-2), developed to maximize specific torque, and fabricated at NASA Glenn Research Center, has shown promising specific torque comparable to low torque mechanical gears. This work will briefly review the electromagnetic and structural design of PT-2, provide detailed information on fabrication and assembly, examine build errors, walk through rebuild efforts to improve operation, and conclude with remarks on build difficulties and opportunities for improvement in future prototypes.

Description: An experimental study is conducted in an effort to advance the understanding of flow physics associated with a boundary layer ingesting, distributed propulsion system. The influence of incoming boundary layer thickness and flow distortions are studied on the flow downstream and the overall performance of the system. The propulsion model, fabricated using additive manufacturing and integrated with electrical fans, is mounted on a flat plate and tested at subsonic speeds. Detailed characterization of the incoming boundary layer and subsequent assessment of the downstream flow field is performed using hotwire anemometry. Modification of the incoming boundary layer is achieved by placing tripping devices, such as rods and vortex generating ramps, near the leading edge of the flat plate. The overall performance of the system for different incoming flow conditions is analyzed by comparing magnitudes of exhaust velocities as well as estimated propulsive power to the corresponding baseline values. For a constant input power to the fans, smaller upstream flow distortions and moderately thickened boundary layers result in marginal changes in the flow field downstream. On the other hand, notable reductions in downstream flow velocities and propulsive power are observed in the case of a significantly thicker and/or distorted incoming boundary layer. It is hoped that this study will serve as a database for this technologically relevant flow field that has not been explored adequately before.

Description: An instability is described which arises in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of semi-idealized rotating detonation engines (RDE) configured with a throat at the exit. Its existence is verified by examining output from two independently developed CFD codes simulating the same configuration and producing solutions that agree well. The instability is shown to be thermo-acoustic in that a spatial integral of the product of pressure and heat release fluctuations develops a regular oscillation which grows in time. The instability can become severe enough to cause detonation failure. Its onset is shown to be closely linked to the size of the exit throat and the size of the inlet restriction; both parameters that strongly influence RDE performance. It is shown that the instability places a cap on ideal RDEperformance, but that an optimized exhaust throat and inlet restriction combination still yields substantial pressure gain. Other parametric sensitivities are also examined in terms ofinstability growth. These include axial length, inlet manifold pressure, and air-fuel ratio.

Description: A fundamental exploratory experiment is conducted assessing the performance of a one-sided ejector with the eventual goal of noise reduction for jet engines. The hardware is comprised of an 8:1 rectangular nozzle together with an ejector box whose lower surface is flush with the lower lip of the nozzle. Secondary flow is allowed through a gap between the upper lip of the nozzle and a flap that constitutes the upper surface of the ejector. Wall static pressures and Pitot probe surveys are conducted to evaluate the performance of the ejector with variation of geometric parameters. It is found that addition of vortex generating tabs at the upper lip of the nozzle significantly increases secondary flow entrainment. The entrainment is further enhanced by a divergence of the ejector up-per surface. Limited noise measurements are done. The baseline ejector (without tabs) often encounters flow resonance with accompanying tones. The tabs have the additional benefit of eliminating those tones in all cases. However, for the tabbed case, addition of the ejector produces insignificant further noise reduction. This is due to the fact that the flow remains unmixed on the lower half of the ejector. The focus of ongoing and future efforts is to achieve sufficient mixing of the flow so that the exhaust velocities are uniformly low, while keeping the ejector hardware short and light-weight.

Description: This paper describes the design of a turboshaft engine for a tiltwing air taxi application. In this case, the tiltwing air taxi is intended to fly a 400-nautical mile mission with up to fifteen passengers. Engine requirements for the concept engine are taken from aircraft system studies where thrust is produced by four propellers driven by electric motors and powered by a single gas turbine engine. The purpose of this paper is to perform a cycle design optimization that minimizes fuel consumption and weight while respecting current technology limitations to meet mission requirements. To achieve results, the engine overall pressure ratio and maximum temperature at the exit of the combustor are set as the design parameters. Several sensitivity studies are also performed to visualize optimization trends. Results of the optimization study show solutions are heavily dependent on engine cooling flow requirements and exact mission requirements. This engine is intended for use in large system optimization research.

Description: Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) is a concept concerned with the management of energy in an electrified propulsion system. The management of energy in the hybrid-electric architecture has potential to benefit the turbomachinery and the aircraft it powers. The concept is particularly useful for improving operability during transient operation and could be leveraged to design a better performing engine. The concept utilizes electric machines coupled to the engine shafts and an electric power distribution system that includes energy storage. A controller is used to decide when and how energy is moved around the electrified propulsion system, particularly when considering energy conversion between mechanical and electrical forms. Prior work has shown that the electric machines can be used to supply/or extract supplemental power to/from the engine shafts to improve their operability and achieve or enable propulsion efficiency and performance benefits. However, the previous studies did not consider the practical constraints of the electrical machines and energy storage devices that are required for implementing the TEEM system architecture concept. This paper presents an integrated engine and electrical system model that is used to evaluate the electrical system requirements. The model captures the physics of the conceptual, Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000lbf (AGTF30) engine, which features advanced technologies such as a compact gas turbine and a variable area fan nozzle. For this work, the engine is augmented with electrical system components that allow for the implementation of the TEEM concept. The evaluation presented suggests the potential of the TEEM concept to provide performance benefits for a turbofan engine.

Description: An overview is given of an effort for the use of CFD analysis to complement design and configuration definition of third generation Lean-Direct Injection combustion concepts (LDI-3) for NASA's N plus 3 program. The National Combustion Code (OpenNCC) was used to perform non-reacting and two-phase reacting flow computations for a three-cup, nineteen-element flametube array with redesigned pilot injectors to improve spray and emissions characteristics when compared to a previous LDI-3 design. All computations were performed with a consistent approach to mesh-generation, spray modeling, ignition and kinetics modeling for a "medium-power" cycle condition. Computational predictions of the aerodynamics of a new pre-filming pilot injector were used to arrive at an optimized aerothermal design that meets effective area and fuel-air mixing criteria. The newly designed pilot injectors were shown to provide considerable improvements in aerodynamic stability, flame-tube pattern factor and NOx emissions, when compared to the original design.

Description: Magnetic gears are an attractive alternative to mechanical gears for electrified aircraft drive systems due to their ability to transmit torque without mechanical tooth contact. Consequently, magnetic gears enable electrified aircraft to take advantage of the benefits of gearing without introducing most of the contact-related reliability concerns associated with mechanical gearing. Magnetic gears however, have not been shown to match the specific torque (torque/mass) and efficiency of their mechanical counterparts in an aerospace application to date. In this paper, the design of a concentric magnetic gear for a personal air transport NASA reference vehicle is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of a magnetic gear for aerospace applications.

Description: Transition from fossil fuels to synthetic drop-in fuels without the need to change existing combustors is the current research topic. The combustor performances such as cold-day ignition limits, lean blow-out (LBO) limits and altitude relight limits are the main focus points. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of different fuel candidates on the operability of gas turbines by comparing a conventional petroleum-based fuel with one other alternative fuel candidate. Time filtered Navier-Stokes simulations (TFNS) and K-LES are performed to examine the performance of these fuels at the stable conditions close to blow-out in a referee combustor rig.

Description: This paper explores the novel Strayton engine concept. This engine combines the cycles of a Brayton engine with that of a Stirling engine to create a highly efficient recuperating gas turbine engine. In the explored case, both Brayton cycle and Stirling cycle engines are used to generate electrical power. Additionally, the Stirling engine is used to draw heat out of the Brayton turbine (acting to cool the turbine blades), while also pumping heat into Brayton cycle just before combustion occurs (acting as the mechanism for recuperation). The purpose of this paper is to detail the system level modeling techniques used to generate the simulation, perform a cycle analysis of the combined cycle engine, identify key technologies and challenges associated with the concept, and compare potential performance gains with existing gas turbine engines and internal combustion engines. Topics such as controls, blade cooling effects, engine weight, and heat transfer using heat pipe are also explored. Results from this work show potential architectures that could provide the required heat transfer rates, potential control strategies, and performance benefits, including efficiency gains between 10% and 3% on engines ranging from 200HP to 670HP with the combined cycle engine.

Description: In the pursuit of Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP), much of the attention is on the development of hybrid electric concept vehicles and their propulsion systems from a steady state performance perspective. While it is steady-state performance that largely determines the efficiency of civil air transports, engine operability and transient performance define constraints for the steady state design that impact efficiency and system viability. Neglecting dynamics and control technologies can result in an over-designed, sub optimal propulsion system or a concept that is not feasible. Thus, dynamic system studies were conducted on the propulsion system of the conceptual aircraft design known as the Single-aisle Turboelectric AiRCraft with Aft Boundary Layer propulsor (STARC-ABL). This paper describes the development of a controller to verify the baseline concept's feasibility from an operability perspective. Further, studies were conducted to identify excessive stability margin in the baseline design that could be traded for potential benefits in efficiency through an engine re design. This study revealed the potential to reduce the high pressure compressor (HPC) stall margin by 3%. Finally, a study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of adding energy storage to the STARC-ABL concept that further improves operability and enables more gains in engine efficiency and performance. The energy storage provided an additional 0.5% stall margin can be removed from the HPC.

Description: Electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP) systems hold potential for the reduction of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise. Currently, NASA and other organizations are actively working to identify and mature technologies necessary to bring EAP designs to reality. This paper specifically focuses on the envisioned control technology challenges associated with EAP designs that include gas turbine technology. Topics discussed include analytical tools for the dynamic modeling and analysis of EAP systems, and control design strategies at the propulsion and component levels. This includes integrated supervisory control facilitating the coordinated operation of turbine and electrical components, control strategies that seek to minimize fuel consumption and lessen the challenges associated with thermal management, and dynamic control to ensure engine operability during system transients. These dynamic control strategies include innovative control approaches that either extract or supply power to engine shafts dependent upon operating phase, which may improve performance and reduced gas turbine engine weight. Finally, a discussion of control architecture design considerations to help alleviate the propulsion/aircraft integration and certification challenges associated with EAP systems is provided.

Description: An emerging new mission for aeronautics is Urban Air Mobility (UAM), a concept for air transportation around metropolitan areas with passenger-carrying operations. UAM vehicles must be capable of vertical take-off and landing, and this requirement presents unique technical challenges for electric and hybrid-based vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL). A critical challenge for UAM market growth is to gain public acceptance for being as safe as - or safer than - commercial air travel and automotive transportation. There is a lack of data for propulsion systems, components, and the associated thermal management systems for UAM eVTOL propulsion systems. The new mission, new propulsion system concepts, safety criticality of propulsion component performance during vertical take-off and lift operations, and lack of data presents many research challenges and opportunities. NASA has developed and published UAM vehicle concept studies. For a subset of the said concept vehicles, NASA has contracted for a study to identify failure modes and hazards associated with the propulsion systems of the concept vehicles and to perform functional hazard analyses (FHA) and failure modes and effects criticality analyses (FMECA) for each. From the completed study results, it was recommended for NASA to support research toward developing electric/hybrid-electric propulsion components with improved reliability and to explore powertrain architectures that can take advantage of higher reliability components to achieve inherent air-vehicle safety. NASA has started a research effort for UAM propulsion with a focus toward improving safety and reliability. Recent results and research strategy will be discussed toward the goals by means of: 1) improving individual component reliability through advanced materials and design methods, 2) improving the thermal management system, and 3) designing propulsion system architectures to provide inherent UAM vehicle safety.

Description: This article documents some experimental observations made for near-exit unsteady pressure fluctuations in high-speed jets. These fluctuations are apparently related to trapped waves within the jet potential core as investigated and reported recently by other researchers. Round nozzles of three different diameters and rectangular nozzles of three different aspect ratios are studied. The pressure fluctuations manifest as a series of peaks in the spectra. These trapped wave spectral peaks are found with all nozzles. Their characteristics and variations with axial and radial distances as well as with jet Mach number are documented. Effects of initial boundary layer state and the presence of a surface nearby as well as the scaling of the frequencies of the spectral peaks are studied and discussed.

Description: This presentation contains notes for a one-hour lecture that is part of a two-day AIAA Short Course titled, Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion: Emerging Technologies and Cycles. The presentation covers an introduction to Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) and its applicability to high speed airbreathing propulsion (HSABP). The concept of PGC is discussed on a thermodynamic basis, the performance benefits are demonstrated, and methods of implementation are described. These include devices such as Resonant Pulse Combustors, Internal Combustion Wave Rotors, Pulse Detonation Engines, and Rotating Detonation Engines.

Description: No abstract available

Description: Hybrid electric propulsion architectures provide the infrastructure to enable additional benefits to the propulsion system that are otherwise unrealizable with the sole use of the current, state-of-the-art, gas-driven, turbine engines. The presence of electric machines (EMs) coupled to the shaft(s) of the turbine engine provide the ability to actively alter the operation of the engine to the benefit of the propulsion system and the aircraft it propels. This is the goal of the Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) concept, which at its broadest level addresses the management of energy across the electrified propulsion system. Prior work has demonstrated the use of this concept to alter steady-state operation and improve transient operability of a hybrid-electric propulsion system. The main benefits previously illustrated include the elimination of stability bleeds and expansion of the turbomachinery design space in order to enable more efficient designs. This paper focuses on the development of control strategies to implement the TEEM concept, and it explores several possible architecture variants for applying this concept. Comparison studies are conducted between a purely gas-driven turbofan (baseline engine configuration) and TEEM augmented variants of the baseline engine. The variants are distinguished by the shaft(s) that possess an EM. The configurations consider EMs on both shafts, an EM on the high pressure spool (HPS) only, and an EM on the low pressure spool (LPS) only. These configurations are referred to as the dual-spool configuration, the HPS configuration, and LPS configuration, respectively. The studies expose several options in configuring and controlling the system, including the use of a single EM coupled to a single shaft of a two-spool engine to positively impact the operability of both shafts. The studies also demonstrate the use of independently designed controllers for the electric machine(s) that allow for a decoupled control design process.

Description: In the pursuit of Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP), much of the attention is on the development of hybrid electric concept vehicles and their propulsion systems from a steady state performance perspective. While it is steady-state performance that largely determines the efficiency of civil air transports, engine operability and transient performance define constraints for the steady state design that impact efficiency and system viability. Neglecting dynamics and control technologies can result in an over-designed, sub optimal propulsion system or a concept that is not feasible. Thus, dynamic system studies were conducted on the propulsion system of the conceptual aircraft design known as the Single-aisle Turboelectric AiRCraft with Aft Boundary Layer propulsor (STARC-ABL). This paper describes the development of a controller to verify the baseline concept's feasibility from an operability perspective. Further, studies were conducted to identify excessive stability margin in the baseline design that could be traded for potential benefits in efficiency through an engine re design. This study revealed the potential to reduce the high pressure compressor (HPC) stall margin by 3%. Finally, a study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of adding energy storage to the STARC-ABL concept that further improves operability and enables more gains in engine efficiency and performance. The energy storage provided an additional 0.5% stall margin can be removed from the HPC.

Description: Turbine Electrified Energy Management (TEEM) is a concept concerned with the management of energy in an electrified propulsion system. The management of energy in the hybrid-electric architecture has potential to benefit the turbomachinery and the aircraft it powers. The concept is particularly useful for improving operability during transient operation and could be leveraged to design a better performing engine. The concept utilizes electric machines coupled to the engine shafts and an electric power distribution system that includes energy storage. A controller is used to decide when and how energy is moved around the electrified propulsion system, particularly when considering energy conversion between mechanical and electrical forms. Prior work has shown that the electric machines can be used to supply/or extract supplemental power to/from the engine shafts to improve their operability and achieve or enable propulsion efficiency and performance benefits. However, the previous studies did not consider the practical constraints of the electrical machines and energy storage devices that are required for implementing the TEEM system architecture concept. This paper presents an integrated engine and electrical system model that is used to evaluate the electrical system requirements. The model captures the physics of the conceptual, Advanced Geared Turbofan 30,000lbf (AGTF30) engine, which features advanced technologies such as a compact gas turbine and a variable area fan nozzle. For this work, the engine is augmented with electrical system components that allow for the implementation of the TEEM concept. The evaluation presented suggests the potential of the TEEM concept to provide performance benefits for a turbofan engine.

Description: An emerging potential market within the aviation industry is short, frequent air taxi flights within the urban airspace. These air taxis (also called urban air mobility or UAM vehicles) are envisioned to be vertical take-o and landing designs which are capable of carrying 1 to 15 passengers in an intra-urban environment with less than 50 nautical miles of range. Numerous vehicle conceptual designs have been proposed by various industry and government organizations to fulfill these potential missions. These concepts are enabled by recent advancements in a number of areas including propulsion and power systems. While new technologies are making these vehicles possible, this new UAM design space is large, unexplored, and multidisciplinary in nature. New challenges exist in identifying and creating optimized designs for these unique vehicles with new propulsion technologies. This work presents the development of a suite of propulsion system analysis tools, which when coupled together, can improve the multidisciplinary conceptual design and optimization of UAM vehicle propulsion systems. These analysis tools are then applied to the design optimization of a turboelectric propulsion system for a notional UAM tiltwing concept. The optimization demonstration for this vehicle shows how a tightly-coupled multidisciplinary design can be developed which considers both physical design characteristics and operating schedules. Furthermore, the results explore trade-o s in the thermal management system design and how those trade-o s impact the overall vehicle.

Description: In the pursuit of Electrified Aircraft Propulsion (EAP), much of the attention is on the development of hybrid electric concept vehicles and their propulsion systems from a steady state performance perspective. While it is steady-state performance that largely determines the efficiency of civil air transports, engine operability and transient performance define constraints for the steady state design that impact efficiency and system viability. Neglecting dynamics and control technologies can result in an over-designed, sub optimal propulsion system or a concept that is not feasible. Thus, dynamic system studies were conducted on the propulsion system of the conceptual aircraft design known as the Single-aisle Turboelectric AiRCraft with Aft Boundary Layer propulsor (STARC-ABL). This paper describes the development of a controller to verify the baseline concept's feasibility from an operability perspective. Further, studies were conducted to identify excessive stability margin in the baseline design that could be traded for potential benefits in efficiency through an engine re design. This study revealed the potential to reduce the high pressure compressor (HPC) stall margin by 3%. Finally, a study was conducted to investigate the potential benefit of adding energy storage to the STARC-ABL concept that further improves operability and enables more gains in engine efficiency and performance. The energy storage provided an additional 0.5% stall margin can be removed from the HPC.

Description: This is an oral presentation on dynamic propulsion system modeling for control design, analysis, and simulation. These tools have been developed at NASA Glenn Research Center.

Description: Die Geomorphologische Karte 1 : 25 000 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland beschäftigt die Physische Geographie sowohl im akademischen als auch im angewandten Bereich. Immer stärker rücken die Fragen der Anwendung und Auswertung dieser Karten in den Vordergrund. Die Voraussetzungen für die Auswertung der GMK 25 BRD im Schulunterricht sind die grundlegende Fähigkeit zum Kartenlesen von Seiten des Schülers bzw. eine eindeutige Themensetzung von Seiten des Lehrers. Die GMK 25 BRD stellt für den Benutzer ein vielschichtiges Informationsmedium dar. Es werden spezielle kartographische Mittel verwendet, welche die Darstellung abstrakt machen (z.B. für die Reliefdarstellung oder die themenspezifischen Signaturen). Daß dadurch gewisse "Hemmschwellen" für eine Verwendung dieser anspruchsvollen Karten bestehen, ist nicht erstaunlich. Es kann jedoch festgehalten werden, daß sich der in Signaturen unterschiedlichster Art dargebotene Informationsgehalt auch im schulischen Bereich erarbeiten läßt. Die Befähigung des Schülers zur Kartenauswertung stellt sich allerdings nicht von selbst ein, sondern ist zu fordern und zu entwickeln. Durch den in zweifacher Weise lernzielorientierten Einsatz einer GMK 25 BRD, instrumental und themenbezogen, kann den schulischen Ansprüchen entsprochen werden.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: […] Nach einer kurzen geschichtlichen Einführung in die Atlaskartographie, die bei Ptolemäus begann und mit der Herausgabe des Stieler im wesentlichen abgeschlossen wurde, schließt sich eine Analyse mehrerer Weltatlanten an. [...] Im Anschluß daran wurden die Abbildungsgesetze und Gradnetze eines neuen Erdatlas entwickelt. […] Darauf folgt eine Zusammenfassung didaktisch-methodischer Überlegungen einer Erd- und Weltdarstellung. […] Neben den textlichen Ausführungen einer neuen Grundkonzeption für Erdatlanten und physisch-geographische Atlaskarten wurde versucht, in praktisch-kartographischer Arbeit den konzipierten Atlas im Rohbau (Kartennetze, -ränder sowie die Randbeschrifiung und für Europa und Afrika das detaillierte Küsten- und Gewässernetz) herzustellen. Der so entstandene Atlasband — in Auszügen diesem Heft beigegeben — ist ein integraler Bestandteil der Arbeit. [...]

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Inhaltsverzeichnis : EHLERS, J. & MENSCHING, H.: Küstenversatz und Prielverlagerungen an der Nordseeküste. S. 9-22 ; FRÄNZLE, O.: Periglaziäre Formung der Altmoränengebiete Schleswig-Holsteins. S. 23-35 ; HEMPEL, L.: Rezente und fossile Mesoformen der Abtragung und Aufschüttung in Ausräumen von Schichtkammlandschaften im Teutoburger Wald. S. 37-47 ; LEHMEIER, F.: Zum Formenschatz der Schichtkammlandschaft im Niedersächsischen Bergland. S. 49-61 ; GARLEFF, K., BRUNOTTE, E. & STINGL, H.: Fußflächen im zentralen Teil der Hessischen Senke. S. 63-76 ; MÖLLER, K.: Das Eschweger Becken und seine Randbereiche — Ergebnisse geomorphographischer und hydrochemischer Analysen. S. 77-92 ; GLATTHAAR, D.: Vertikalbewegungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Formenentwicklung im Westerwald. S. 93-106 ; MÜLLER, M.J.: Periglaziärfluviale, solifluidale und abluale Formung im westlichen Hunsrück und am Ostrand der Trier-Bitburger Mulde. S. 107-118 ; BARSCH, D. & MÄUSBACHER, R.: Zur fluvialen Dynamik beim Aufbau des Neckarschwemmfächers. S. 119-128 ; LESER, H.: Schichtstufen und Talrandstufen in Südwestdeutschland. S. 129-147 ; FARRENKOPF, D.: Relief und Wasserhaushalt im Eyachtal, Nordschwarzwald. S. 149-154 ; LESER, H. & METZ, B.: Vergletscherungen im Hochschwarzwald. S. 155-175 ; HABBE, K.A.: Was kann eine geomorphologische Vollkartierung für die Stratigraphie des Quartärs leisten? S. 177-196 ; RATHJENS, C.: Jungglaziale Formung und spätglazialer Eisabbau im Chiemgau. S. 197-205 ; FISCHER, K.: Die würmzeitliche und stadiale Vergletscherung der Berchtesgadener Alpen. S. 207-225 ;

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Vorliegende Untersuchung stellt einen Beitrag zur Forschung in der Schneehydrologie dar. Dem wachsenden Bedürfnis der Wasserwirtschaft, Informationen über Schneedeckenauf- und -abbau und die Möglichkeiten der Modellbildung zu erhalten, wurde folgende Untersuchung am Beispiel eines nordskandinavischen Einzugsgebietes, des 53,9 km2 großen Isdalen, durchgeführt. Ausgehend vom derzeitigen Stand der Forschung, in der Schneeschmelzmodelle als "Stations- oder Punktmodelle" existieren, werden in dieser Arbeit raumbezogene differenzierte Gebietsmodelle vorgestellt.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: ZUSAMMENFASSUNG : Für den Bereich der Libyschen Wüste sind, ebenso wie für die Zentralsahara, spätpleistozäne Feuchtphasen durch geomorphologische und prähistorische Befunde nachgewiesen. Diese Feuchtphasen lassen sieh jedoch nur in geringem Umfang in den 14C Datierungen von Grundwässern aus diesem Bereich wiederfinden. In dieser Arbeit wird festgestellt, wie hoch die Grundwasserbildung einzelner geomorphologischer Einheiten bei gegebenem Paläoklima war. Dazu erfolgt in einem ersten Schritt eine geomorphologische Kartierung eines etwa 250 km langen und 80 km breiten Streifens auf der Basis von Landsat-Satelitenbildern und Geländebefunden und die Rekonstruktion dreier Varianten eines fiktiven paläoklimatischen Jahresganges mit 242 mm, 194 mm und 147 mm Jahresniederschlag. Den geomorphologischen Komplexen werden bodenphysikalische Kenngrößen zugeordnet, dazu werden im Gelände ungestörte Proben in Stechzylindern geborgen und daran im Labor die gesättigte Wasserleitfähigkeit und pF-Kurve bestimmt. Nebenprodukt einer statistischen Bearbeitung der Meßwerte ist eine multiple Regressionsgleichung zur Bestimmung der Kf-Werte aus der pF-Kurve für Wüstenböden. In einem Exkurs erfolgt die Betrachtung der hydrologischen Bedeutung und möglichen Genese von häufig mit Flugsand verfüllten, polygonalen Rißsystemen im Boden. Mittels einer Clusteranalyse werden die Meßdaten in 10 Klassen gruppiert; sie finden dann als bodenphysikalische Kenngrößen Eingang in ein Finite-Differenzen-Modell, das auf der Basis der PORKER-PLANCK-GLEICHUNG den Bodenwasserhaushalt und damit die regionale Grundwasserneubildung simuliert. Diese Grundwasserneubildungsraten werden anhand des Verlaufes der Bodenwassergehalte hinsichtlich des Einflusses von Pflanzen und dadurch bedingter Transpirationsverluste diskutiert. Die höchsten Grundwasserneubildungsraten werden für den Bereich der Schwemmfächer des Gilf-Kebir-Vorlandes und für Sandschleppen in den Wadis des Gilf Kebir ermittelt. (60 mm bzw. 25 mm bei 242 mm bzw. 194 mm Jahresniederschlag). Die Bedeutung der weiten Serirflächen ist wesentlich geringer: Hier hat die wahrscheinlich präholozäne Anfüllung des Porenraumes mit Eisenoxiden und Carbonaten zu einer sekundären Überprägung der bodenphysikalischen Kennwerte geführt und so die Grundwasserbildungsrate reduziert (24 mm-36 mm bzw. 6 min-10 mm bei 242 mm bzw. 194 mm Jahresniederschlag). Ähnliche Werte wie die Serirflächen liefern die Bereiche mit rezenten Flugsanden (27 mm bzw. 11 mm bei 242 mm bzw. 194 mm Jahresniederschlag). Die Simulationsläufe mit 147 mm Jahresniederschlag erbrachten nirgends eine Grundwasserspende, ebenso kann für die übrigen geomorphologischen Einheiten eine Grundwasserneubildung bei den gewählten Paläoklimaten ausgeschlossen werden. Die nur geringe Befunddichte an holozänen Grundwässern im ägyptischen Teil der Libyschen Wüste läßt für die holozänen Feuchtphasen Niederschläge von maximal 200 mm/a als wahrscheinlich erscheinen.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Zur Vereinfachung wird die Vielfalt der Karstformenbezeichnungen bereinigt. Erdfall wird als Form, die in nicht verkarstungsfähigen Serien liegt, aber auf Tiefensubrosion zurückgeht, der Doline, einer Form, die in verkarstungsfähigem Material liegt, gegenübergestellt. Als Grundlage der Arbeit wurde eine detaillierte Kartierung der Auslaugungsformen durchgeführt. Hinsichtlich rezenter Subrosion erwies es sich als notwendig, die in Oberflächenwässern und wasserwirtschaftlich erfaßten Wässern gelösten Bestandteile von Chlorid, Sulfat und Karbonat zu ermitteln. Die Auswertung der gewonnenen Daten zeigt, daß ein Zusammenhang mit Gebieten besteht, die durch aktuelle Erdfälle und Dolineneinbrüche gekennzeichnet sind. Als Voraussetzung zur Reliefgenese gilt, daß das Gebiet des Unterwerra-Sattels entscheidend durch die saxonische Gebirgsbildung an der Wende Jura/Kreide und die nachfolgende klimageomorphologische Entwicklung geprägt ist. Anhand der geomorphographischen Analyse wird der Einfluß der Salz-, aber auch der Sulfatauslaugung auf die Landschaftsgenese belegt. Die Auslaugung des Salzes (Nal), dessen Mächtigkeit im Untersuchungsgebiet mit mindestens 120 m angenommen wird, und der unterlagernden ca. 130 m nächtigen Zechsteingipse (A 1 - A 3) zerrüttet die überlagernden triassischen Schichten weiter. Darüber hinaus wirkt die Subrosion von mehr als 30 m Rötgipsen und 50 m Gipsen des Mittleren Muschelkalkes im Hangenden des Zechsteins reliefformend. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse - rezente und subrezente Formen, Lösungswerte – werden zunächst in kleineren Gebietseinheiten analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Nasseranalysen bestätigen das geomorphographische Ergebnis, so daß in Anlehnung an die Gipshorizonte von Stockwerkssubrosion gesprochen werden kann. Entscheidend geprägt ist die heutige Situation jedoch durch vorangegangene Zechsteinsalzauslaugung im tieferen Untergrund. Diese hat in den Hangendserien die Wasserwegsamkeit verstärkt, so daß die nachfolgende Sulfatsubrosion den Kleinformenschatz vor der Schichtstufe des Mittleren Buntsandsteins steuern konnte. Aufgrund ihrer für Auslaugungsgebiete typischen Ausprägung wird die Lage der Schichtstufe in weiten Teilen des Untersuchungsgebietes an das in Auslaugung befindliche Salz geknüpft. Das Auftreten von Subrosionsformen vor der Landstufe des Kaufunger Waldes, den östlichen Meißnerhängen, dem Anstieg des Schlierbachswaldes sowie vor dem Anstieg des Buntsandsteins zwischen Heldra, Frieda und Bad Sooden-Allendorf untermauert diese Interpretation. In der südlichen und südöstlichen Umrahmung des Untersuchungsgebietes wird der Salzhang aufgrund geomorphographischer Kriterien unter dem Steilanstieg des Unteren Muschelkalkes ausgewiesen. Aufgrund dieser Befunde wird die primäre Salzverbreitung als über den Unterwerra-Sattel reichend angenommen, womit sich, abgesehen von den Einflüssen der saxonischen Tektonik, alle Reliefentwicklungsprozesse allein durch Auslaugung und folgende geomorphologische Überprägung erklären lassen. Darüber hinaus ist dieses Gebiet in Nordhessen nicht nur durch eine über alle Schichten hinweggreifende Rumpfflächenbildung gekennzeichnet, sondern die Resistenzunterschiede wurden - unabhängig vom Klima - beständig herausgearbeitet. Aus diesen Ergebnissen wurde ein übergeordnetes Modell zur Reliefentwicklung erstellt. Danach existieren im Untersuchungsgebiet fünf Reliefgenerationen, wobei die postsaxonische Reliefentwicklung mit zerstörtem, die Auslaugung begünstigendem Hangendverband nach der Landhebung bzw. dem Einbruch der das Gebiet begrenzenden Grabenstrukturen, die bis ins Alttertiär reicht, nicht erfaßt werden konnte. [...]

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Die rezente Morphodynamik der Oberflächenformen des Colorado Plateaus wirkt in einer klimageomorphologischen Zuordnung im Rahmen des arid-morphodynamischen Systems. Die Prozesse sind durch hohe Formungsakfivität gekennzeichnet. Entsprechend der geologischen Ausstattung des Colorado Plateaus mit in der Regel flach oder mäßig steil lagernden Sedimentgesteinen wechselnder Resistenz vollzieht sich die rezente Formung innerhalb einer Schichtstufenlandschaft, die neben der Normalausbildung des Schichtstufenreliefs auch Schichttafeln und Schichtkämme umfaßt Da das klimatische Umfeld der strukturbestimmten Reliefs auf dem Colorado Plateau weitgehend konstant ist, und damit die Reliefbeeinflussung durch Klimavarianz entfällt, können aus der Reliefdifferenzierung die Einflüsse nicht-klimatischer Steuerungsfakroren ohne Überlagerungseffekte abgeleitet werden. [...]

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Nach einer Übersicht über die methodische Entwicklung der Geschiebe- und Kieszählungen zur Erforschung der Moränenstratigraphie in pleistozän vereisten Gebieten südlich und westlich der Ostsee werden der pleistozäne Schichtaufbau und die Morphologie im engeren Untersuchungsgebiet in Berlin (West) vorgestellt. Die Beschreibung erfolgt anhand der heutigen naturräumlichen Einheiten: dem Bamim, der Havelniederung zwischen Barnim und Glien, dem südlich davon verlaufenden Urstromtal, der Teltow-Platte, der Nauener Platte und der Havelseenrinne.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Einführung geeigneter Erosionsschutzmaßnahmen in die landwirtschaftliche Praxis ist eine möglichst genaue, schlagbezogene Quantifizierung der Erosion bzw. des Erosionsrisikos einschließlich der damit verbundenen, langfristigen Folgewirkungen (vgl. RAT FÜR UMWELTFRAGEN, 1935, S. 330ff). Aufgrund der Vielzahl der hierbei zu berücksichtigenden Einzeleinflüsse ist dies nur mit Hilfe computergestützter, mathematischer Modelle möglich. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, ein solches, auf die praktischen Belange des Boden- und Gewässerschutzes abgestelltes Bodenerosionsmodell zu entwickeln.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Ergebnisse hydrologischer und stratigraphischer Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte von Brandenburger Kesselmooren vorgestellt. Für die Erfassung der aktuellen und historischen biotischen und abiotischen Standortfaktoren wurden verschiedene Methoden angewandt: floristische und vegetationskundliche Untersuchungen sowie hydrologische, hydrochemische, geochemische, geophysikalische und sedimentologische Untersuchungen und Makrorest-‚ Mikrorest- und Pollenanalyse. Der zeitlichen Einordnung der entwicklungsgeschichtlichen Prozesse dienten Radiocarbondatierungen und die pollenanalytischen Untersuchungen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, Entwicklungsstadien auszuscheiden, die von den untersuchten Mooren seit ihrer Entstehung durchlaufen wurden. Aufgrund der stratigraphischen Untersuchungen wurden Aussagen zur Beckengenese und zu den einzelnen See- und Moorentwicklungsphasen getroffen, zum Verlandungsvorgang, zu Moorbildungsbedingungen und Sukzessionsstadien. Den Entwicklungsstadien konnten über geochemische und -physikalische Untersuchungen abiotische Standortfaktoren zugeordnet werden. Die aktuellen Standortveränderungen wurden erfaßt und die vorgenommenen Erhaltungs- und Wiedervernässungsmaßnahmen dokumentiert und bewertet.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Formenhinterlassenschaften des nordischen Inlandeises akkumulativer und erosiver Art werden als eine zeitlich zusammenhängende Funktionsgemeinschaft (〉 glaziale Serie) erklärt, auf ihre Besonderheiten und auf ihre räumliche Verteilung hingewiesen. Die wesentlichen Forschungsergebnisse vom Süd- bzw. Südwestrand (DDR und Schleswig-Holstein), sowie vom Westrand (Dänemark und Südschweden) des nordischen Inlandeises und seiner Rückschmelzlagen werden teils unter erforschungsgeschichtlichen Aspekten (Schleswig-Holstein), teils in Hinsicht auf eine eher aktuelle Erkenntnisbilanz (DDR, Dänemark und Südschweden) dargelegt. Kartierungen i.S. der Erfassung des oberflächennahen Substrats, verschiedene Methoden und Methodenkombinationen von Bohrverfahren, Aufgrabungen und Aufschlußkartierungen wurden im Gelände durchgeführt. Die sedimentologische, geschiebeanalytische und palynologische Bearbeitung geeigneter Sedimente sowie Radiokarbondatierungen und wenige zoologische Aussagen stellen die wesentlichen Auswertungen der Feldarbeiten dar. Auf der Grundlage der Pedostratigraphie läßt sich außer den aus der Literatur bekannten Interglazial-/Interstadialvorkommen an einer Stelle ein eem-/bzw. frühweichseleiszeitlicher Pedokomplex, sowie zahlreiche Spätglazialvorkommen terrestrischer und limnischer Fazies neu beschreiben. Lithostratigraphisch lassen sich zwei weichseleiszeitliche Moränen i.S. von Grundmoränen trennen, die sicherlich unterschiedlichen Eiworstößen innerhalb der Weichseleiszeit angehören. Diesen beiden Vorstößen sind morphostratigraphisch unterschiedliche Rückschmelzlagen zuzuordnen. Eine wartheeiszeitliche Moräne konnte mehrfach festgestellt werden. Auf der Grundlage der Morphostratigraphie werden insgesamt vier Haupteisrandlagen im Arbeitsgebiet als WH 1 bis WH 4 ausgewiesen, die durch Randlagen zweiter und dritter Ordnung noch untergliedert werden können. Dabei ergibt sich ein im Detail anderer Verlauf als bei EGGERS (1934), GRIPP (1954, 1964) und DÜCKER (1958). Auf der Grundlage bio- und chronostratigraphischer Untersuchungen wurde die Vegetationsentwicklung des Spätglazials bis ins Mittelholozän hinein verfolgt. Ergebnisse der Radiokohlenstoffdatierung stimmen mit den ermittelten vegetationsgeschichtlichen Abschnitten im Vergleich zu der allgemeinen Vegetationsentwicklung in Schleswig-Holstein und Mitteleuropa überein. Es konnte somit ein Mindestalter für die Bildung limnischer Sedimente an den untersuchten Lokalitäten gefunden werden.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttingen), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.

Description: map

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 42 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1937.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Wendepunkte in der Laufzeitkurve sinusförmiger Wellen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Zur Seismizität Afrikas während der Jahre 1913 bis 1930〈/a〉〈br〉(Rohleder, P. T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Zur Frage der Variabilität der Chandlerschen Periode〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Rauhigkeitsproblem in der bodennahen Luftschicht〈/a〉〈br〉(Paeschke, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XII. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, vom 8. bis 10. Oktober 1936 in Berlin〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E., Lettau, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulz, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Direkte Methoden zur Bestimmung von Störungsmassen aus Anomalien der Schwereintensität〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Die absolute Schweremessung〈/a〉〈br〉(Wegener, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Über die Funkschwierigkeiten bei den Gronau-Flügen über Grönland〈/a〉〈br〉(Roßmann, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Das Gesetz von Helmholtz und seine Anwendung auf Geotektonik〈/a〉〈br〉(Tromp, S. W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen von S. W. Tromp〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Antworten auf die kritischen Bemerkungen von H. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Tromp, S. W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Geometische Lösung der Grundaufgaben der in der Geologie angewandten Seismik〈/a〉〈br〉(Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Gebäudeschwingungen beim Erdbebenstoß〈/a〉〈br〉(Sponheuer, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Die Ursachen des seismisch-elektrischen Effektes〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Thyssen, S., Hummel, J. N., Rülke, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen. XXIX. Ortung einer Maschine durch ihre Bodenschwingungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Ein photoelektrischer Schwingungsmesser〈/a〉〈br〉(Dobberstein, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Zur neuen Haalckschen Theorie des Erdmagnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Beurlen, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Gravitationsfeld und Oberflächengestalt der Erde und ihre geometrische Festlegung〈/a〉〈br〉(Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Note on the Variation of Gravity with Depth〈/a〉〈br〉(Benfield, A. E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0033.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen. XXX. Die Wellenausbreitung der Erdbeben vom 20. November 1932 (Nordbrabant) und 7. Juni 1931 (Doggerbank)〈/a〉〈br〉(Gees, R.-H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Ein mechanisch registierendes Vertikalanemometer und seine Verwendung im Gelände〈/a〉〈br〉(Dieterichs, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Einige Bemerkungen zu der magnetischen Störung von 24. bis 28. April 1937〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Zur Frage nach der Ursache des Erdmagnetismus (Erwiderung auf die Ausführungen von T. Schlomka in Heft 2/3 dieser Zeitschrift)〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Erwiderung an Herrn Haalck〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Entgegnung auf die Ausführungen von T. Schlomka〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, G. A., Suckstorff, G. A., Fanselau, G., Kohlschütter, E., Meißner, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Die Lotabweichungen in der Umgebung des Nanga Parbat und ein Versuch zu ihrer geophysikalischen Deutung〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Die Fehler bei der Aufnahme der drahtlosen Zeitsignale und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung〈/a〉〈br〉(Gockel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Über eine photographische Ableseeinrichtung am Doppelkompaß〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulze, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Ein neuer mechanischer Beschleunigungsmesser〈/a〉〈br〉(Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Beiträge zur Konstruktion eines Vertikalseismometers〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Untersuchungen über Vorgänge an der Schneide beim Schwingen eines Schwerependels〈/a〉〈br〉(Köller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Geomagnetische Messungen an Lamprophyrgängen in der Lausitz〈/a〉〈br〉(Lauterbach, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Über die makroseismischen Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Herdtiefe und ihre Anwendung bei Lockerböden〈/a〉〈br〉(Sponheuer, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Geophysikalischer Mond-Almanach〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J., Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen. XXXII. Ausbreitung der natürlichen Bodenunruhe (Mikroseismik) nach Aufzeichnungen mit transportablen Horizontalseismographen〈/a〉〈br〉(Krug, H.-D.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ernst, T., Schulz, B., Kames, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0013/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0011/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Dezember 1937〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FUCHS, K.: Investigation on the Wave Propagation in Wedge-shaped Media . . . 51 ; CHATTERJEE, N. D.: Paläomagnetische Untersuchungen an ladinischen Eruptiven der westlichen Dolomiten, Norditalien . . . 90 ; Vorlesungsverzeichnis . . . 107 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 111 ;

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: INHALTSVERZEICHNIS : FRIEDRICH BURMEISTER zum 75. Geburtstag . . . 227 ; DEMNATI, A. und G. DOHR: Reflexionsseismische Tiefensondierungen im Bereich des Oberrheintalgrabens und des Kraichgaues . . . 229 ; GUTDEUTSCH, R. und M. KOENIG: Über die Signalgeschwindigkeit gebeugter elastischer Wellen . . . 246 ; TÄRCZY-HORNOCH, A.: Über die Genauigkeit der berechneten durchschnittlichen Geschwindigkeit bei der seismischen Reflexionsmethode . . . 260 ; Briefe an den Herausgeber . . . 273 ; Verzeichnis der geophysikalischen Vorlesungen (Wintersemester 1965/66) . . . 276 ; Mitteilung . . . 280 ; Buchbesprechungen . . . 281 ;

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 46 Beiträge zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, des magnetischen und elektrischen Felds der Erde, der Physik der Atmophäre, der Hydrographie und der angewandten Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1938.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Polbahn und primäres 〈i〉z〈/i〉-Glied〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Ein neues piezoelektrisches Vertikalseismometer〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Thyssen, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Über die Verwendung langperiodischer Seismometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Krumbach, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0012.pdf"〉Niveauänderungen im Schüttergebiet der Erdbeben in Südbulgarien am 14. und 18. April 1928〈/a〉〈br〉(Jankow, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Über vollständig isostatische Reduktion〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Schulz, B., Suckstorff, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0016.pdf"〉Leipzig–Bergen. Festvortrag zur 25-Jahrfeier des Geophysikalischen Instituts der Universität Leipzig〈/a〉〈br〉(Bjerknes, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Zum Aufsatz von Th. Koulomzine und A. Boesch über die Vertikal-Feldwaage〈/a〉〈br〉(Schmidt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Der charakteristische Verlauf eines erdmagnetischen Sturms, nach Potsdamer Registrierungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Rössiger, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Berechnung der Stratosphärentemperatur aus Messungen der atmosphärischen Absorptionskoeffizienten des Ozons〈/a〉〈br〉(Penndorf, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Die Messung der Antennenersatzkapazität in der Funkmutung〈/a〉〈br〉(Fritsch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Neuere Gangbeobachtungen an Pendeluhren〈/a〉〈br〉(Gockel, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 1. Vierteljahr 1938〈/a〉〈br〉(Brunner, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Druckfehlerberichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Über einige die Physik des Erdinnern betreffende atomtheoretische Beziehungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zum Artikel von Karl Jung: "Über vollständig isostatische Reduktion"〈/a〉〈br〉(Niethammer, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Über die Polhöhenschwankung in Batavia August 1931 bis September 1936〈/a〉〈br〉(Schumann, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0030.pdf"〉The increase of the Temperature downwards in the Crust of Rocks〈/a〉〈br〉(Dahlblom, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Beiträge zur Theorie des Erdaufbaus〈/a〉〈br〉(Lorenz, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Ein neuer statischer Schweremesser zur Messung und Registrierung lokaler und zeitlicher Schwereänderungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Das Verhalten noch freistehender Brückenpfeiler bei Schwingungen und deren Abhängigkeit vom Untergrund〈/a〉〈br〉(Förtsch, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Untersuchungen über die Windstruktur und den Bau der Windmeßgeräte〈/a〉〈br〉(Schröder, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beziehung zwischen Meereshöhe und Schwere in gestörten Gebieten〈/a〉〈br〉(Angenheister, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 2. Vierteljahr 1938〈/a〉〈br〉(Brunner, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0040.pdf"〉VI. Baltische hydrologische Konferenz〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Nachruf auf Oskar Hecker〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Zur Frage der regionalen Verkoppelung von Erdbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Einiges über die Widerstandsverfahren der Funkmutung〈/a〉〈br〉(Fritsch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Die Erhaltung der Gebirge〈/a〉〈br〉(Wegener, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffern. 3. Mitteilung〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Tägliche Sonnenflecken-Relativzahlen für das 3. Vierteljahr 1938〈/a〉〈br〉(Brunner, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Bericht über die dreizehnte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, vom 19. bis 22. Oktober 1938 in Jena〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Besprechung erdmagnetischer Registrierungen im Hinblick auf Vorgänge in der Ionosphäre und Wirkungen in der Höhenstrahlung〈/a〉〈br〉(Bartels, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Aussprache zum Vortrag Bartels〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Zum Nordlicht vom 25. Januar 1938〈/a〉〈br〉(Götz, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Ergebnisse von Dauerregistrierungen der Ionosphäre〈/a〉〈br〉(Dieminger, W., Plendl, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Über den Nachweis der Sonnenstrahlung bei 2150 Å〈/a〉〈br〉(Kiepenheuer, K. O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Diskussionsbemerkung zum Vortrag Kiepenheuer〈/a〉〈br〉(Götz, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Höhenstrahlung und erdmagnetische Variationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kolhörster, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Die negative Aufladung der Ionosphäre der Erde〈/a〉〈br〉(Rudolph, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Ausgleichung der besten Stationsbeobachtungen mitteleuropäischer Erdbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Schmerwitz, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Änderungen des Mitglieder-Verzeichnisses (1937) der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft. Stand vom 1. Dez. 1938〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0014/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: In Niedersachsen werden während der nächsten zwei bis drei Jahrzehnte vermehrt industriell teilabgetorfte Hochmoorflächen (= Leegmoor) nach dem Ende der Abtorfung zurückgegeben, insgesamt nahezu 30.000 ha. Diese sollen gemäß Niedersächsischem Moorschutzprogramm unter gesetzlichen Naturschutz gestellt, wiedervernäßt und renaturiert werden. Eingangs werden gemessene Daten der Wasserbilanz und daraus abgeleitete ökohydrologische Erkenntnisse dargelegt. Da es gegenwärtig in Nordwestdeutschland keine wachsenden Hochmoore mehr gibt, wird die Morphologie ursprünglicher Hochmoore nach Topographischen Karten 1:25.000 der Jahrhundertwende vorgestellt und es wird auf die Erkenntnisse des Botanikers C. A. WEBER (1901) zurückgegriffen, der die Zusammenhänge zwischen Oberflächen-Morphologie, Moorvegetation und Torfbildung überzeugend dargelegt hat. Die geschilderten ökotechnischen Aspekte basieren auf Ergebnissen teils langjähriger Versuche, die der Autor als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter des Bodentechnologischen Instituts Bremen im Niedersächsischen Landesamt für Bodenforschung gewonnen hat, sowie auf umfangreichen Erfahrungen in der Beratung und auf vielen Besichtigungen und in Diskussionen mit Kollegen aus dem In- und Ausland. Es wurde ferner auf Erkenntnisse der Kulturtechnik in der angewandten Bodenkunde zurückgegriffen, so insbesondere bei den Verfahren der Wiedervernässung.

Description: During the coming two to three decades in Lower Saxony more and more raised-bog cutover fields (= Leegmoore), in sum about 30.000 ha, will be given back for other kinds of utilization after peat cutting is finished. According to the Peatland Conservation Programme of Lower Saxony these areas shall be protected by law and shall then be rewetted and renatured. Introductory in this article measured water balance data and ecohydrological perceptions derived therefrom are explained. As at present there are no growing raised bogs in northwestern Germany the original raised-bog surface morphology is described on the basis of the Topographical Maps 1:25.000 from the turn of the century and of the knowledge of the botanist C. A. WEBER (1901) who has convincingly elucidated the relationship between surface morphology, living vegetation, and peat accumulation. The described ecotechnical aspects are based on results of partly longterm field experiments which the author has won as Senior Officer at the Soil-technological Institute Bremen, on extensive experiences in consulting, as well as on many excursions and in discussions with collegues from Germany and foreign countries. Further, the experiences of agricultural engineering in applied flood irrigation have been used, especially with respect to the rewetting processes.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Es werden eingangs die negativen Erfahrungen der Mooraufforstungen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts aufgrund der modernen Erkenntnisse der Moorkunde und Kulturtechnik gedeutet. Mit Hinweis auf den großräumigen Waldbau auf den Mooren Finnlands, Kanadas und der Sowjetunion werden 4-5 Jahrzehnte alte und jüngste Mooraufforstungen behandelt, die Versuchsaufforstung in Papenburg-Börgermoorweide erläutert und auf die sich daraus ergebenden Folgerungen eingegangen.

Description: In the beginning, the negative experiences by bog afforesting at the end of the 19th century are explained with the modern knowledge in peat research and agricultural engineering. In reference to the large forestry on peatlands in Finland, Canada and the USSR, recent afforestations and those with an age of 40-50 years are described. Then the experimental reforestation in Papenburg-Börgermoorweide is explained, and the resulting inferences are discussed.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Von 186 natürlichen Gewässern im Flachland Niedersachsens liegen 48 % in Mooren und Anmooren. Auch die drei größten Binnenseen Steinhuder Meer, Dümmer und Zwischenahner Meer sind von Mooren umgeben. Die Erhaltung und Regeneration von Feuchtbiotopen und Moorgewässern ist seit 1973 gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Es wird unterschieden zwischen (tiefen) Moorseen und (flachen) Moorteichen, die natürlich entstanden oder durch den Menschen angelegt sind. Es werden die wichtigsten Daten der Wasserbilanz diskutiert, wie Niederschlag und Zufluß (= input) sowie Verdunstung und Abfluß (= output). Auch die Gewässergüte wird angesprochen und damit die Zuordnung zu limnologisch definierten Seentypen.

Description: About 48 % of the 186 lakes and ponds in Lower Saxony are situated in peatlands and peaty soils. Also the three greatest lakes Steinhuder Meer, Dümmer and Zwischenahner Meer are surrounded by peatland. Since 1973 the law has provided that wet biotopes and moor waters be preserved and regenerated. A distinction is made between (deep) lakes and (shallow) ponds which have formed under natural conditions or were man-made. The important data on the water balance, such as input (rainfall and influx) and output (evaporation and discharge) are discussed. Additionally, the quality of water is discussed and thus, also, the assignment to limnologically defined types of lakes.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 63 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, zu magnetischen und elektrischen Feldern der Erde, zu der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1934.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Karl Mack †〈/a〉〈br〉(Hiller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Die südalbanischen Erdbeben 1930/31〈/a〉〈br〉(Nowack, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gräfe, H., v. zur Mühlen, W., Müller, H. K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Horizontalsicht bei örtlich veränderlicher Trübung und Beleuchtung〈/a〉〈br〉(Steinhäusser, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0018.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H., Köhler, R., Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Beitrag zur Berechnung von Minimum-Stabpendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Zur Theorie elastischer Pendel mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Holweck-Lejayschen Stabpendels〈/a〉〈br〉(Graf, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Eine neue Methode für sehr präzise magnetische Messungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Koulomzine, T., Bondaletoff, N.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Zur Frage der mit dem temperaturkompensierten Magnetsystem erreichbaren Meßgenauigkeit〈/a〉〈br〉(Kohl, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Die Höhenverteilung der Erd-, Luft- und Höhenstrahlung〈/a〉〈br〉(Suckstorff, G. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Erdstrahlungsmessungen in Bad Nauheim nach der Gammastrahlenmethode〈/a〉〈br〉(Masuch, V.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Referate〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Abschnitt〈/a〉〈br〉(Angenheister, G., Kohlschütter, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0027.pdf"〉Hergesell geb. 29. Mai 1859〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Hecker geb. 21. Mai 1864〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Sprengungen zur Forschungszwecken mit Unterstützung der Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beiträge zu den Luftschallmessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O., Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Regula, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Berechnung der Laufzeitkurven des anormalen Schalles für windstille Atmosphäre und Vergleich mit der Laufzeitkurve der Oldebroek-Sprengung vom 15. Dezember 1932〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Ergebisse der Registrierungen von Schallwellen an kreisförmig um den Sprengherd angeordneten Stationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Duckert, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Beobachtungsergebnisse über den Einfluß der "akustischen Umkehrschicht" auf die Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Zur Frage der anomalen Schallausbreitung〈/a〉〈br〉(Kölzer, J.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Schalluntersuchungen im Polargebiet〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Betrachtungen über ebene Pendel〈/a〉〈br〉(Hahnkamm, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Außenraum und Innenraum (Schlichtung des Streites um die Schwerkraftreduktion)〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu den Geoiden von Ackerl und Hirvonen〈/a〉〈br〉(Ledersteger, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Auto-Radio als Hilfsmittel geologischer Kartierung〈/a〉〈br〉(Cloos, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Zur photographischen Registrierung von Stationsseismometern〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Ein Horizontalseismometer für die Aufzeichnung von starken Orts- und Nahbeben〈/a〉〈br〉(Critikos, N. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Die Bedeutung der Unstetigkeiten im Verlauf der Schallgeschwindigkeit mit der Höhe für die normale und anomale〈/a〉〈br〉(Sandmann, B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Die Relativität der Undulationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Ein detonierendes Meteor über dem Weserbergland am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Hartmann, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Der Meteorfall bei Stadt Rehburg am 2. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈br〉(Trommsdorff, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0064.pdf"〉Vergleich zwischen der Intensität der kosmischen Ultrastrahlung über Grönland und über Deutschland〈/a〉〈br〉(Wölcken, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Das Grundeis〈/a〉〈br〉(Jakuschoff, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Le problème des microséismes et le déferlement des vagues〈/a〉〈br〉(Gherzi, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Note on the Hayford-Bowie tables for calculation 〈i〉g〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉(Bullard, E. C.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Kann die Laplacesche Differentialgleichung für das Schwerkraftpotential auch innerhalb der Erdkruste als erfüllt angesehen werden?〈/a〉〈br〉(Grabowski, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Der geophysikalische Nachweis des Zechsteindolomits〈/a〉〈br〉(Müller, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der XI. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, am 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(von Seidlitz, W., Sieberg, A., Linke, F., Gerlach, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Frage der Geländekorrektion bei Drehwaagemessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Tuchel, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Emanation in Boden- und Freiluft〈/a〉〈br〉(Israël, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Die Energie der Heliokathodenstrahlen in ihrer Beziehung zur fortschreitenden Bewegung der Elektronen in den Polarlichtstrahlen〈/a〉〈br〉(Rudolph, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0082.pdf"〉Weitere Untersuchungen mit dem Sanford-Elektrometer〈/a〉〈br〉(Stoppel, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Das Strömungssystem der Luft über Mogadischu〈/a〉〈br〉(Bossolasco, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0084.pdf"〉Messungen mit transportablen statischen Schweremessern〈/a〉〈br〉(Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0086.pdf"〉Über den Energietransport bei der Sprengseismik〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Schmidt, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0087.pdf"〉Formen der Bodenschwingung bei sinusförmiger Anregung〈/a〉〈br〉(Köhler, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0088.pdf"〉Die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit sinusförmiger elastischer Wellen im Boden〈/a〉〈br〉(Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0089.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Haase, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0090.pdf"〉Bericht über die elfte Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft vom 13. bis 15. September 1934 in Bad Pyrmont〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0091.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0092.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0093.pdf.pdf"〉Register der Geophysikalischen Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href=" https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0010/LOG_0094.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Dezember 1934〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG, DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Es wird kurz das Königsmoor bei Tostedt (Krs. Harburg) beschrieben und die anthropogene Entwicklung nach Entwässerung und Moorkultur im Jahre 1905 Vom Hochmoor zum Moorkulturtyp heute dargelegt. Die Von 1950 bis 1979 fortlaufend gemessenen Grundwasserdaten sind als Ganglinie dargestellt (Abb. 5). Die positiven und negativen Abweichungen vom durchschnittlichen Jahresgang sind witterungsbedingt. Aus dem Hochmoor hat sich ein Hochmoorboden mit Oxidations- und Reduktions-Horizont entwickelt. Die mittlere Grundwasseramplitude (Abb. 6) beträgt heute 52 cm zwischen MHW im Winter (= 59 cm unter Flur) und MNW im Sommer (= 111 cm unter Flur). Die Feldkapazität des Hochmoorbodenprofils beträgt heute noch über 70 Vol.-% Wasser. Der Ausdruck "trockengelegtes" Hochmoor bedeutet aus bodenhydrologischer Sicht, daß man den Hochmoorboden heute "trockenen Fußes" begehen kann.

Description: The peatland area Koenigsmoor (between Hamburg and Bremen) is shortly described, the anthropogeneous development after the first drainage and cultivation (in 1905) from a raised bog to a today cultivated bog soil is explained. The measured groundwater data from 1950 to 1979 are figured as hydrograph (fig. 5). The positive and negative deviations from the average annual course is influenced by the weather. The former raised bog has been developed to a bog soil type with ground—water oxidation and reduction soil horizons. The mean ground-water amplitude (fig. 6) amounts today to 52 cm between the mean maximum in winter (= 59 cm below surface) and the mean minimum in summer (= 111 cm below surface). The field capacity of the raised-bog soil-profile today amounts still to about 70 volume percent water. From the pedohydrological viewpoint the term "dry laid" raised bog means that we can walk on the cultivated bog-soil surface by "dry shod".

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Dieser Band enthält 79 Artikel zu Themengebieten der Physik der festen Erde, zu magnetischen und elektrischen Feldern der Erde, zu der Physik der Atmophäre und der angewandten Geophysik veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1933.

Description: 〈html〉 〈body〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0004.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0005.pdf"〉Autorenverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0006.pdf"〉Sachverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0007.pdf"〉Die Bestimmung des Verlaufes geneigter Diskontinuitätsflächen (einfallende Schichtgrenzen und Verwerfungen) durch das Widerstandsverfahren〈/a〉〈br〉(Stern, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0008.pdf"〉Über die Notwendigkeit eines großen Beobachtungsstoffes bei statistischen Untersuchungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Baur, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0009.pdf"〉Quantitative Bestimmungen des Luftgehaltes an Radium-Thoriumemanation mittels einer neuen elektrischen Ausströmungsmethode〈/a〉〈br〉(Aliverti, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0010.pdf"〉Einige Korrelationen zwischen seismischer Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und der Brandung in West- und Nordeuropa〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0011.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gräfe, H., Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0014.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu dem Aufsatz von G. Schmerwitz: "Einfluß der Schneidenlagerung auf die Meßgenauigkeit geophysikalischer Instrumente"〈/a〉〈br〉(Schuler, M.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0015.pdf"〉Vorträge, gehalten auf der X. Tagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft, Leipzig, 3. bis 6. Oktober 1932〈/a〉〈br〉(Linke, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0017.pdf"〉Die Gezeitenströme und die innere Gezeitenwellen des Atlantischen Ozeans〈/a〉〈br〉(Defant, A)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0019.pdf"〉Die Schwerkraft auf dem Meere〈/a〉〈br〉(Vening Meinesz, F. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0020.pdf"〉Darstellung einer gebietsweise harmonischen Funktion durch eine harmonische Funktion〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0021.pdf"〉Bericht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Entwicklung des statischen Schweremessers〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0022.pdf"〉Die Genauigkeit von Pendelkontakten und der Einfluß des Steigrades einer Pendeluhr auf die Schwingungsdauer des Pendels〈/a〉〈br〉(Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0023.pdf"〉Das logarithmische Dekrement von Pendeln〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0024.pdf"〉Bericht über die deutschen geomagnetischen und geoelektrischen Beobachtungen während des Internationalen Polarjahrs 1932/33〈/a〉〈br〉(Nippoldt, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0025.pdf"〉Ein neuer Schwingungsmesser〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0026.pdf"〉Zur physikalischen Theorie des Erdmagnetismus〈/a〉〈br〉(Schlomka, T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0028.pdf"〉Eine hochempfindliche magnetische Feldwaage〈/a〉〈br〉(Ostermeier, J. B.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0029.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0030.pdf"〉Berichtigung〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0031.pdf"〉Albert Wigand †〈/a〉〈br〉(Weickmann, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0032.pdf"〉Über die Messung der zeitlichen Schwankungen der Schwerebeschleunigung mit Gravimetern〈/a〉〈br〉(Tomaschek, R., Schaffernicht, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0034.pdf"〉Störungen von Pendeluhren durch Bodenerschütterungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gebelein, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0035.pdf"〉Eine praktische Möglichkeit der Triangulationsverbindung mit dem amerikanischen Kontinent〈/a〉〈br〉(Berroth, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0036.pdf"〉Mapping of Faults by Isogams〈/a〉〈br〉(Vajk, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0037.pdf"〉Beitrag zum Thema: Seismische Bodenunruhe〈/a〉〈br〉(Landsberg, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0038.pdf"〉Eine Untersuchung der Polarisation des Nordlichtes〈/a〉〈br〉(Harang, L.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0039.pdf"〉Die Erde, gebremst, beschleunigt, abgelenkt, – erlebt Erdbeben, Taifune, Tornados usw.〈/a〉〈br〉(Michael, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0040.pdf"〉Nachtrag zur Frage der Schneidenlagerung〈/a〉〈br〉(Schmerwitz, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0041.pdf"〉Bemerkung zu der Arbeit von G. Fanselau: "Ein neuer Schwingungsmesser"〈/a〉〈br〉(Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0042.pdf"〉Erwiderung auf die vorstehende Bemerkung des Herrn Martin〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0043.pdf"〉Zur vorstehenden Erwiderung von G. Fanselau〈/a〉〈br〉(Martin, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0044.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Stüve, Brinkmann)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0045.pdf"〉Schneiden- und Unterlagematerial bei invariablen Pendeln für relative Schweremessungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Meißer, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0046.pdf"〉Invar-Minimumpendel als Magnetstäbe〈/a〉〈br〉(Lettau, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0047.pdf"〉Die hypothesenfreie Bestimmung der Erdfigur mit neuen Hilfsmitteln〈/a〉〈br〉(Gast, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0048.pdf"〉Zur Flutbewegung der festen Erdkruste〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0049.pdf"〉Die Flut der festen Erde〈/a〉〈br〉(Tomaschek, R., Schaffernicht, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0050.pdf"〉Der Zusammenhang zwischen Spannung und Verformung bei tektonischen Vorgängen〈/a〉〈br〉(Kienow, S.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0051.pdf"〉Eine Erdbebenwarte im Gebiete der Schwäbischen Alb〈/a〉〈br〉(Hiller, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0052.pdf"〉Das Erdbeben im Fuldagebiet vom 15. Januar 1933〈/a〉〈br〉(Landsberg, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0053.pdf"〉Über die Homogenität des Magnetfeldes bei symmetrischer Spulenanordnung〈/a〉〈br〉(Fanselau, G.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0054.pdf"〉Studie über das luftelektrische Potentialgefälle und dessen Unruhe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses einer Großstadt〈/a〉〈br〉(Kuhn, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0055.pdf"〉Zur Ultraviolettabsorption bodennaher Luftschichten〈/a〉〈br〉(Paul Götz, F. W., Maier-Leibnitz, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0056.pdf"〉Erwiderung zu der Arbeit von H. Schmehl〈/a〉〈br〉(Ansel, E. A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0057.pdf"〉Die Ergebnisse der Entwicklung des Schwerkraftfeldes der Erde nach Kugelfunktionen bis zur 16. Ordnung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ackerl, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Referate〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, H., Haase, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Die praktische Lösung der zweiten Randwertaufgabe der Geodäsie〈/a〉〈br〉(Hopfner, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0061.pdf"〉Neue Messungsergebnisse mit dem statischen Schweremesser〈/a〉〈br〉(Haalck, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Einige Korrelationen zwischen seismischer Bodenunruhe in Hamburg und der Brandung in West- und Nordeuropa. II.〈/a〉〈br〉(Tams, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0063.pdf"〉Beitrag zur Frage der temperaturabhängigen Störung der Gleichgewichtslage der Drehwaagegehänge〈/a〉〈br〉(Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Erwiderung auf den Aufsatz von R. Tomaschek und W. Schaffernicht: Die Flut der festen Erde〈/a〉〈br〉(Kleinschmidt, E.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0066.pdf"〉Bemerkung hierzu〈/a〉〈br〉(Tomaschek, R., Schaffernicht, W.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0067.pdf"〉Die Mitschwingensreduktion von Pendelbeobachtungen 〈i〉(Zu den Ausführungen von E. A. Ansel)〈/i〉〈/a〉〈br〉(Schmehl, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0068.pdf"〉Aufsuchen versteckter Periodizitäten〈/a〉〈br〉(Terebesi, P.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zu F. Ackerls Berechnung der Geoidundulationen〈/a〉〈br〉(Jung, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0070.pdf"〉Stellungnahme zu dem vorangehenden Aufsatz des Herrn Dr. Jung〈/a〉〈br〉(Ackerl, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0071.pdf"〉Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Erdbebenkunde und seismisch-akustischen Phänomene Nord-Rhodesiens〈/a〉〈br〉(Rohleder, H. P. T.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0072.pdf"〉Mikroseismische Bodenunruhe und Gebirgsbau (Im westlichen Europa)〈/a〉〈br〉(Schwinner, R.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0073.pdf"〉Die Entwicklung der erdmagnetischen Forschung in Bayern〈/a〉〈br〉(Burmeister, F.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Seismische Untersuchungen des Geophysikalischen Instituts in Göttingen〈/a〉〈br〉(Gerecke, Fr., Ramspeck, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Bemerkungen zur angewandten Seismik〈/a〉〈br〉(Reich, H.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0078.pdf"〉Zu vorstehender Arbeit von H. Reich "Bemerkungen zur angewandten Seismik"〈/a〉〈br〉(v. Schmidt, O.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Erdmagnetische Messungen mit Hilfe der Drehwaage〈/a〉〈br〉(Berroth, A, Schleusener, A.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0080.pdf"〉Referate und Mitteilungen〈/a〉〈br〉(Büttner, K.)〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0081.pdf"〉Geophysikalische Berichte〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0009/LOG_0083.pdf"〉Mitgliederverzeichnis der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft nach dem Stande vom 1. Januar 1934〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/body〉 〈/html〉

Description: research

Description: DGG

Description: DFG

Description: SUB Göttingen

Description: Das Ziel vorliegender Untersuchungen war, das ehemalige Ablagerungsmilieu der karnischnorischen Hallstätter Fazies im Berchtesgadener Raum zu charakterisieren. Es wird zum ersten Male eine Überschau des petrographischen, mikrofaziellen, geochemischen, mineralogischen und paläontologischen Bestandes dieser marinen Folge gegeben.

Description: thesis

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttinegn), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.

Description: map

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Fragestellung und Ergebnis der Arbeit beschäftigen sich mit einer pleistozänen Vergletscherung der peruanischen Anden, die nach der in Kap. 4 zitierten Literatur und den in Abb. 56 dargestellten Werten derzeit nicht für möglich gehalten wird. Nach der Publikation erster Ergebnisse (SCHULZ 1986, 1987a, 1987b, 1987c, 1988a, 1988b, 1988c, 1988d, 1989b. 1989C, 1990) hat sich daran nichts geändert. Hiermit wird nun in großer Breite das Beleg- und in Teilbereichen auch Beweismaterial aus einer flächendeckenden, repräsentativen Kartenanalyse vorgelegt. Dabei wurde der Eindeutigkeit oberste Priorität eingeräumt. Alle Formenbeispiele, die eine weitergehende, noch größere Vereisung wahrscheinlich machen, werden in der Beweisführung nicht berücksichtigt. Diese über den karteninterpretatorisch abgesicherten Bereich der Vereisung hinausgehende, mutmaßlich noch größere Vergletscherung als in Abb. 1 (in der Anlage) dargestellt, muß eine Geländeprüfung erhärten oder verwerfen.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Die Badain Jaran Shamo ist als drittgrößte Wüste Chinas durch besondere hydrologische Verhältnisse geprägt, als deren sichtbarer Ausdruck die Existenz von mehr als 100 perennierender Oberflächengewässer im Südosten der Wüste gilt (Abb. 1). In diesem Bereich der Wüste treten auch mit relativen Höhen bis zu 430 m (eigene Messungen mittels Höhenmesser der Fa. THOMMEN) die höchsten Megadünen Zentralasiens, möglicherweise sogar der ganzen Erde auf. Da die Gewässer ganz überwiegend in den Dünentalungen der NE-SW streichenden Megadünen vorkommen, ist ein kausaler Zusammenhang der Gewässerverteilung und der Megadünen zu erwarten. Es ist Ziel, mit der vorliegenden Arbeit die rezenten und vorzeitlichen geoökologischen Verhältnisse lakustriner Systeme am Beispiel der Badain Jaran Wüste und ihres südöstlichen Vorlandes darzulegen und zu deuten sowie einen aktualistisch orientierten Beitrag zur Kenntnis zentralasiatischer Seen und ihrer Veränderungen zu leisten.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Vom größten Moorgebiet Österreichs, dem Ibm-Waidmoos-Bürmoos-Komplex, werden die vermutliche Urvegetation, die bis ca. 1960 vorhandenen Reste naturnaher Vegetation und die Veränderungen derselben in den letzten fünfundzwanzig Jahren besprochen. Flächen mit ehemaligem Hand-Torfstich sind während dieses Zeitraums nach dem Ende der Nutzung stark verbuscht, frühere Streuwiesengebiete versauern (Ausbreitung von Hochmoorarten) oder verschilfen (Ausbreitung von Phragmites, Cladium und Sphagnum-Arten in der Moosschicht). Auch hier ist eine Verbuschungstendenz vorhanden, sie bleibt aber bisher geringer als erwartet. Im allgemeinen kann man sagen, daß die durch die menschliche Einflußnahme entstandenen Vegetationsgrenzen sich allmählich zu verwischen beginnen und die Vegetation sich auf die natürlichen Umweltfaktoren allein einzustellen beginnt.

Description: This paper deals with the largest mire complex in Austria, the Ibm-Waidmoos-Bürmoos-complex. It gives a survey of the semi-natural vegetation remaining until c. 1960, the different kinds of disturbance and the changes in the vegetation cover after the conclusion of human interference in some parts of the mire. In areas where peat was formerly cut by hand, trees grew up (Pinus sylvestris, Picea excelsa, Betula pubescens); areas used for litter production became acidified (thereby encouraging raised bog species to spread) or became covered with reeds (spread of Phragmites, Cladium, and Sphagnum species in the moss layer: Sph. palustre, Sph. Papillosum, Sph. subnitens). Here too there is scrub growth but to a lesser extent than expected. In general it can be said that the vegetation limits caused by human interference are gradually beginning to become less distinct, and that the vegetation is starting to respond to environmental factors alone.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttinegn), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.

Description: map

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Das vorliegende Heft ist ein Sonderabdruck aus der 2. Auflage des Handwörterbuches der Naturwissenschaften ‚ das im Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena erscheint, und gibt eine gemeinverständliche Einführung in die Erdbebenkunde.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Deutschlands Erdbebentätigkeit pflegt unterschätzt zu werden, weil sie gewöhnlich so harmlos erscheint. Zwar bringt der Jahresverlauf nur wenige Beben, abgesehen von gelegentlichen Schwärmen mit vielen hunderten von Einzelstößen, wie sie besonders dem Vogtland eigentümlich sind. Zudem handelt es sich dabei vorwiegend um schadlose Erderschütterungen, die kaum Beobachtung finden. Aber der Fachmann kennt daneben auch bis in die neueste Zeit hinein Erdbeben mit erheblichen Schäden und selbst Zerstörungen, die für längere Zeit das öffentliche Leben völlig beherrscht haben; mitunter wurde fast Großbebencharakter erreicht.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttinegn), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.

Description: map

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Das Beben ist von japanischer Seite bereits bearbeitet worden. Die Reproduktionen der an den deutschen und österreichischen Erdbebenwarten gewonnenen Aufzeichnungen dieses Bebens sollen die Möglichkeit eines Vergleichs der Registrierungen bieten. Die Instrumentalkonstanten sind so wiedergegeben, wie sie von den Erdbebenwarten mitgeteilt wurden. Die Bemerkungen über das Epizentralgebiet sind von Herrn Regierungsrat Dr. Krumbach nach den japanischen Veröffentlichungen zusammengestellt, ebenso hat derselbe die Einteilung der Seismogramme vorgenommen. Die mühevolle zeichnerische Reproduktion der Registrierungen erfolgte durch Frl. M. Töpfer. Die Abweichungen zwischen Originalregistrierung und Reproduktion dürften im Allgemeinen 0,1 mm nicht überschreiten.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Das vorliegende Heft ist ein Sonderabdruck aus der 2. Auflage des Handwörterbuches der Naturwissenschaften ‚ das im Verlag von Gustav Fischer in Jena erscheint, und gibt eine gemeinverständliche Einführung in die Gravitation der Erde.

Description: research

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen

Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum, SUB Göttinegn), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.

Description: map

Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen