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  • Humans  (26,754)
  • Cosmology
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  • 1
    Unknown
    Mathematical cosmology and extragalactic astronomy (1976)
    New York : Academic Press
    Details
    Keywords: DDC 523.1/01/84 ; LC QA3 ; Astronomy - Mathematics ; Cosmology
    Pages: Online-Ressource (ix, 204 pages)
    ISBN: 9780126352504
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/publication?issn=00798169&volume=68
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Cosmic Order and Divine Power (2021)
    Mohr Siebeck
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The treatise De mundo offers a cosmology in the Peripatetic tradition which subordinates what happens in the cosmos to the might of an omnipotent god. Thus the work is paradigmatic for the philosophical and religious concepts of the early imperial age, which offer points of contact with nascent Christianity.
    Keywords: Philosophy ; Greco-Roman-Philosophy ; Cosmology ; Peripatetic Tradition ; Reception of Greek Philosophy
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    How nature shaped echolocation in animals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    One Hundred Years of General Relativity:From Genesis and Empirical Foundations to Gravitational Waves, Cosmology and Quantum Gravity (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The aim of this two-volume title is to give a comprehensive review of one hundred years of development of general relativity and its scientific influences. This unique title provides a broad introduction and review to the fascinating and profound subject of general relativity, its historical development, its important theoretical consequences, gravitational wave detection and applications to astrophysics and cosmology. The series focuses on five aspects of the theory: Genesis, Solutions and Energy Empirical Foundations Gravitational Waves Cosmology Quantum Gravity The first three topics are covered in Volume 1 and the remaining two are covered in Volume 2. While this is a two-volume title, it is designed so that each volume can be a standalone reference volume for the related topic.
    Keywords: General Relativity ; Gravitation ; Quantum Gravity ; Gravitational Waves ; Cosmology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chocolate and Health: Friend or Foe? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    The Functional Organization of the Auditory System (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This eBook comprises s series of original research and review articles dealing with the anatomical, genetic, and physiological organization of the auditory system from humans to monkeys and mice.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; audition ; monkeys ; gens ; translational ; Humans ; Rodents ; Memory ; Perception ; Physiology ; functional imaging ; Anatomy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Spatial memory - a unique window into healthy and pathological ageing (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited (2022)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: A prominent issue in many contemporary philosophy of religion debates concerns whether the universe has a Designer. This book moves the discussion ahead in a significant way by devising an original deductive formulation of the Teleological Argument (TA) which demonstrates that the following are the only possible categories of hypotheses concerning fine-tuning and order: (i) chance, (ii) regularity, (iii) combinations of regularity and chance, (iv) uncaused, and (v) design. This book also demonstrates that there are essential features of each category such that, while the alternatives to design are unlikely, the Design Hypothesis is not, and that one can argue for design by exclusion without having to first assign a prior probability for design. By combining the TA with the Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) which it defends against various objections, this book responds to the God-of-the-gaps objection by demonstrating that the conclusion of the KCA-TA is not based on gaps which can be filled by further scientific progress, but follows from deduction and exclusion. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Ultimate Designer ; Cosmology ; Causation ; Fine-Tuning ; First Cause ; Laws of Nature ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRA Religion: general::HRAB Philosophy of religion ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPJ Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QR Religion and beliefs::QRA Religion: general::QRAB Philosophy of religion ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTJ Philosophy: metaphysics and ontology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Northern Archaeology and Cosmology (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In its analysis of the archaeologies and histories of the northern fringe of Europe, this book provides a focus on animistic–shamanistic cosmologies and the associated human–environment relations from the Neolithic to modern times. The North has fascinated Europeans throughout history, as an enchanted world of natural and supernatural marvels: a land of light and dark, of northern lights and the midnight sun, of witches and magic and of riches ranging from amber to oil. Northern lands conflate fantasies and realities. Rich archaeological, historical, ethnographic and folkloric materials combine in this book with cutting-edge theoretical perspectives drawn from relational ontologies and epistemologies, producing a fresh approach to the prehistory and history of a region that is pivotal to understanding Europe-wide processes, such as Neolithization and modernization. This book examines the mythical and actual northern worlds, with northern relational modes of perceiving and engaging with the world on the one hand and the ‘place’ of the North in European culture on the other. This book is an indispensable read for scholars of archaeology, anthropology, cultural studies and folklore in northern Europe, as well as researchers interested in how the North is intertwined with developments in the broader European and Eurasian world. It provides a deep-time understanding of globally topical issues and conflicting interests, as expressed by debates and controversies around Arctic resources, nature preservation and indigenous rights.
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Cosmology ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting:On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics, and Relativistic Field Theories (In 4 Volumes) (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The four volumes of the proceedings of MG14 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting included 35 morning plenary talks over 6 days, 6 evening popular talks and 100 parallel sessions on 84 topics over 4 afternoons. Volume A contains plenary and review talks ranging from the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum gravitational theories including recent developments in string theory, to precision tests of general relativity including progress towards the detection of gravitational waves, and from supernova cosmology to relativistic astrophysics, including topics such as gamma ray bursts, black hole physics both in our galaxy and in active galactic nuclei in other galaxies, and neutron star, pulsar and white dwarf astrophysics. The remaining volumes include parallel sessions which touch on dark matter, neutrinos, X-ray sources, astrophysical black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, binary systems, radiative transfer, accretion disks, quasars, gamma ray bursts, supernovas, alternative gravitational theories, perturbations of collapsed objects, analog models, black hole thermodynamics, numerical relativity, gravitational lensing, large scale structure, observational cosmology, early universe models and cosmic microwave background anisotropies, inhomogeneous cosmology, inflation, global structure, singularities, chaos, Einstein-Maxwell systems, wormholes, exact solutions of Einstein's equations, gravitational waves, gravitational wave detectors and data analysis, precision gravitational measurements, quantum gravity and loop quantum gravity, quantum cosmology, strings and branes, self-gravitating systems, gamma ray astronomy, cosmic rays and the history of general relativity.
    Keywords: Binary Systems ; Astrophysics ; Loop Quantum Gravity ; Gravitational Wave Detectors and Data Analysis ; Black Hole Thermodynamics ; Active Galactic Nuclei ; Observational Cosmology ; Gravitational Wave ; X-ray Sources ; Dark Matter ; General Relativity ; Cosmic Rays ; Inflation ; Numerical Relativity ; Neutrinos ; Theoretical Physics ; Large Scale Structure ; Inhomogeneous Cosmology ; Radiative Transfer ; Supernova ; Gravitation ; Black Hole ; White Dwarf ; Precision Gravitational Measurements ; Quantum Gravity ; Quantum Cosmology ; Einstein-Maxwell Systems ; String Theory ; Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies ; Accretion Disks ; Neutron Star ; Gravitational Lensing ; Exact Solutions of Einstein's Equations ; Early Universe Models ; Wormholes ; Cosmology ; Pulsar ; Gamma Ray Burst
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Pacific Climate Cultures (2022)
    De Gruyter | De Gruyter Open Poland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-22
    Description: This edited volume examines the opportunities to think, do, and/or create jointly afforded by digital storytelling. The contributors discuss digital storytelling in the context of educational programs, teaching anthropology, and ethnographic research involving a variety of populations and subjects that will appeal to researchers and practitioners engaged with qualitative methods and pedagogies that rely on media technology.
    Keywords: Discourse ; Climate Change ; Humans ; Nature ; Oceania ; Resilience ; Environmental Ethics ; Environmental Change ; Worldview ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFH Popular beliefs & controversial knowledge::JFHF Folklore, myths & legends ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBD Population & demography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology::PSXM Medical anthropology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    One Hundred Years of General Relativity:From Genesis and Empirical Foundations to Gravitational Waves, Cosmology and Quantum Gravity (2021)
    World Scientific Publishing Co.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: The aim of this two-volume title is to give a comprehensive review of one hundred years of development of general relativity and its scientific influences. This unique title provides a broad introduction and review to the fascinating and profound subject of general relativity, its historical development, its important theoretical consequences, gravitational wave detection and applications to astrophysics and cosmology. The series focuses on five aspects of the theory: Genesis, Solutions and Energy Empirical Foundations Gravitational Waves Cosmology Quantum Gravity The first three topics are covered in Volume 1 and the remaining two are covered in Volume 2. While this is a two-volume title, it is designed so that each volume can be a standalone reference volume for the related topic.
    Keywords: General Relativity ; Gravitation ; Quantum Gravity ; Gravitational Waves ; Cosmology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Dalle stelle all'universo. Nascita della cosmologia moderna (2023)
    Milano University Press | Milano University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The homo sapiens has always been fascinated by the spectacle of the starry sky, leading him to ask himself deep questions: what is above us? Is the Universe eternal or was it born, and how, in a remote time? Is it finite or infinite? What is its future? Are we alone or are there other planets, other worlds? To answer to these questions, at least in part, and with the conviction that it is the duty of men of science to transmit to society the news of leading-edge knowledge, we have written this book. Here we tell, with simplicity but with rigor, how in the last century, discovery after discovery, the pattern of the Universe that men had conceived in the past has fallen apart and a different, fascinating and even disturbing picture has gradually emerged. But this story is not just a story of intellect and reason; it is also a story of feelings. It is no accident that the authors of this book, experts in particle physics and astroparticle physics, have been seized by an authentic passion for these cosmological themes, for that extraordinary mystery that encloses the starry sky.
    Description: Published
    Description: Da sempre l’uomo è affascinato dallo spettacolo del cielo stellato che lo porta a porsi grandi domande: cosa sta sopra di noi? L’Universo è eterno o è nato, e come, in un tempo remoto? È finito o infinito? Quale è il suo futuro? Siamo soli oppure ci sono altri pianeti, altri mondi? Per rispondere almeno in parte a queste domande, e con la convinzione che sia un dovere degli uomini di scienza trasmettere alla società notizia delle conoscenze acquisite, abbiamo scritto questo libro. Qui raccontiamo, con semplicità ma con rigore, come nell’ultimo secolo, scoperta dopo scoperta, lo schema dell’Universo che gli uomini si erano fatti nel passato sia andato in pezzi e un quadro diverso, affascinante e anche inquietante sia gradualmente emerso. Questa storia non è però solo una storia dell'intelletto e della ragione; è anche una storia del sentimento. Non è un caso che gli autori di questo libro, esperti di fisica delle particelle e di fisica astroparticellare, siano stati colti da autentica passione per queste tematiche cosmologiche, per quello straordinario mistero che racchiude il cielo stellato.
    Keywords: Cosmology ; History of Science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PG Astronomy, space and time
    Language: Italian
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  • 16
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    La Gravitazione Idrodinamica Come Causa Della Espansione Terrestre (2021)
    OGS - TRIESTE
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Dalle Scienze della Terra e dalle evidenze di espansione del pianeta (Egyed, 1961; Hilgenberg, 1967, 1974; Carey, 1976; Owen, 1976; Maxlow, 2002; Cwojdziński, 2003; Scalera, 1990, 1993, 2001, 2010, 2012, 2020), corroborate oggi dagli esperimenti di rivelazione dei neutrini terrestri di origine radiogenica (Borexino collaboration, 2017; Shimizu, 2017; Scalera, 2020) proviene la consapevolezza che la causa della espansione sia un flusso di materia costitutiva, o etere, che converge verso il centro del pianeta trasformandosi in materia ordinaria durante il tragitto superficie-geocentro. In questo lavoro adotteremo questa concezione a “torrente centrale”, risalente a Johann Bernoulli, e tenteremo un primo passo verso la conoscenza dei parametri caratterizzanti l’etere: densità, velocità, portate.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: ONLINE
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Keywords: Expanding Earth ; Hydrodinamic Gravitation ; Cosmology ; Aether parameters ; Expanding Earth and Gravitation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 17
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    Can the history of the ether receive new boost from geosciences? (2020)
    Pavia University
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-10
    Description: A discussion of several kinds of ether as they can be inferred from Geosciences, and what the existence of the ether could imply for Physics and Cosmology. A tribute to the memory of my mentor Franco Selleri.
    Description: This article is written in honor of my mentor Franco Selleri who has helped to consolidate my awareness of the existence of a medium subtended to ordinary matter, and from which everything comes. From my field, the Earth Sciences, come clues converging on an important role of the ether in the geological evolution of Earth and planets, as well as all the structures of the universe. Paleogeographic reconstructions allow a rough quantitative evaluation of the amount of new ordinary matter that is added to the planet in the unity of time, and the consequent statement of some cosmological consequences and on the inner energy balance of the Earth. The concept of central flow of ether defended here is different from the Lorentian stationary ether, but the two concepts could be made compatible.
    Description: SISFA
    Description: Published
    Description: 307-316
    Description: 2TM. Divulgazione Scientifica
    Keywords: Expanding Earth ; History ; Geophysics ; Physics ; Ether flow ; Earth's inner heat balance ; Cosmology ; History and Philosophy of Science
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 18
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    Can humans & coastal landforms co-exist? : proceedings of a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA January 24, 2001 (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.
    Description: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.
    Keywords: Coastal ; Landforms ; Humans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
    Format: 1574993 bytes
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    Concerns about quadrupole ICP-MS lead isotopic data and interpretations in the environment and health fields (2018)
    MDPI AG
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (2018): 723, doi:10.3390/ijerph15040723.
    Description: There has been a massive increase in recent years of the use of lead (Pb) isotopes in attempts to better understand sources and pathways of Pb in the environment and in man or experimental animals. Unfortunately, there have been many cases where the quality of the isotopic data, especially that obtained by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), are questionable, resulting in questionable identification of potential sources, which, in turn, impacts study interpretation and conclusions. We present several cases where the isotopic data have compromised interpretation because of the use of only the major isotopes 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb, or their graphing in other combinations. We also present some examples comparing high precision data from thermal ionization (TIMS) or multi-collector plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) to illustrate the deficiency in the Q-ICP-MS data. In addition, we present cases where Pb isotopic ratios measured on Q-ICP-MS are virtually impossible for terrestrial samples. We also evaluate the Pb isotopic data for rat studies, which had concluded that Pb isotopic fractionation occurs between different organs and suggest that this notion of biological fractionation of Pb as an explanation for isotopic differences is not valid. Overall, the brief review of these case studies shows that Q-ICP-MS as commonly practiced is not a suitable technique for precise and accurate Pb isotopic analysis in the environment and health fields
    Keywords: Lead isotopes ; ICP-MS ; TIMS ; MC-ICP-MS ; Environment ; Humans ; Rats ; Fractionation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    Hydrodynamic Gravitation as Cause of Earth Expansion and Red-Shift (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-02
    Description: This text is a preprint
    Description: From Earth Sciences come clues converging on an important role of the aether in the geological evolution of Earth and planets, as well as all the structures of the universe. Paleogeographic reconstructions allow a rough quantitative evaluation of the amount of new ordinary matter that is added to the planet in the unity of time, and the consequent statement of some cosmological consequences and inferences on the inner energy balance of the Earth. The concept of central flow of aether is defended here. Its antique origin can be found in Isaac Newton (1643-1727) and less vaguely in John Bernoulli (1667-1748). With the help of astrophysical phenomena the aether’s density, flow rate, and velocity are computed. An intimal interrelation of these aether parameters with the actually known cosmological parameters (H0, G, c) is found.
    Description: INGV
    Description: Not submitted
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic Gravity ; Aether ; Expanding Earth ; Cosmology ; Aether flow, Expanding Earth, Earth’s inner Energy, Gravitation, Cosmology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: manuscript
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  • 21
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    Gravitazione idrodinamica: suo legame con l’espansione dei corpi celesti e con i redshifts – Dalla storia all’oggi (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-15
    Description: The concept of central flow of aether has antique origins that can be found in Isaac Newton (1643-1727) and less vaguely in John Bernoulli (1667-1748). From Earth Sciences come clues on an important role of the aether in the geological evolution of Earth and planets, as well as of the universe. Paleogeography allows a rough evaluation of the new ordinary matter that is added to the planet in the unity of time, and consequent cosmological consequences and inferences on the Earth inner energy balance. With the help of modern astrophysical phenomena the aether’s density, flow rate, and velocity can be computed. An intimal interrelation of these aether parameters with the actually known cosmological parameters (H0, G, c) is found. The expansion of the celestial bodies is linked to a revision of the concepts of physics and cosmology, in which a role play the preferred conception of Hubble and several of his colleagues of the time (Kragh 2017) in explaining the cosmological redshift: the idea of “tired light”.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Arezzo e online
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic Gravity ; Aether ; Expanding Earth ; Cosmology ; Storia della teoria della gravitazione, della espansione terrestre e della cosmologia
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive measures of oxidative stress status in humans
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 10 (1991), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Humans ; Noninvasive analytical techniques ; Oxidative stress status
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0891-5849(91)90073-C
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  • 23
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    Electronic Resource
    In vivo loss of telomeric repeats with age in humans
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research DNAging 256 (1991), S. 45-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-8734
    Keywords: Ageing ; Humans ; Skin cells ; Telomeres
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-8734(91)90032-7
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  • 24
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    Elevated frequencies of hprt mutant lymphocytes in cigarette-smoking mothers and their newborns
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 304 (1994), S. 285-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Keywords: Cotinine ; Genetic monitoring ; Hprt mutation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Pregnancy ; Smoking ; Tobacco
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0027-5107(94)90221-6
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  • 25
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    DNA damage and rpair with age in individual human lymphocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research DNAging 237 (1990), S. 123-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-8734
    Keywords: Aging ; Humans ; Ionizing radiation ; Single cell electrophoresis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-8734(90)90018-M
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  • 26
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    Cosmic strings and the two-point galaxy-galaxy correlation function
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 12 (1988), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Keywords: Cosmology ; cosmic strings ; galaxy clustering ; two-point correlation function
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0275-1062(88)90012-4
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  • 27
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    Quantum cosmology with spinor field
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 13 (1989), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Quantum cosmology ; Spinor Field
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0275-1062(89)90019-2
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  • 28
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    Plane gravitational waves under a non-zero cosmological constant
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 12 (1988), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Keywords: Cosmology ; radiation of gravitional waves
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0275-1062(88)90045-8
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  • 29
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    The spatial correlation function of cD Abell clusters
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 12 (1988), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Keywords: Cosmology ; clustering ; galaxies ; galaxy clusters
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0275-1062(88)90031-8
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  • 30
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    Radioimmunoassay for immunoreactive [des-Leu^1^0]-angiotensin I
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 10 (1989), S. 489-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Blood ; Humans ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; [des-Leu^1^0]-angiotensin I
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(89)90133-2
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  • 31
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    Evidence against autocrine feedback regulation of cholecystokinin secretion in man
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 13 (1992), S. 287-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Autocrine feedback mechanism ; Cholecystokinin ; Feeding ; Humans ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(92)90110-O
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  • 32
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    Cosmic strings: Large-scale mass fluctuations and velocity fields
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 12 (1988), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-1062
    Keywords: Cosmology ; cosmic strings ; large-scale structure of the universe
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0275-1062(88)90044-6
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  • 33
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    A redshift survey in the Linx Gemini region
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Redshifts ; Superclusters of Galaxies
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90124-8
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  • 34
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    Cosmic background radiation from pregalactic objects
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 449-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: Cosmology ; background radiation ; origin of light elements ; pregalactic stars
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90128-5
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  • 35
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    Rocket observation of the near-infrared extragalactic background radiation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: Cosmology ; background radiation ; evolution of the universe ; near-infrared radiation ; rocket observation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90131-5
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  • 36
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    Global value of Hubble constant
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: Cosmology ; clusters ; galaxies ; photometry ; redshifts
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90125-X
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  • 37
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    Measured properties of the cosmic background radiation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: 3K Blackbody Radiation ; Anisotropy ; Cosmic Microwave Background ; Cosmology ; Polarization ; Relict Radiation ; Spectral Distortions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90129-7
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  • 38
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    How well do available data describe the distribution of galaxies in the nearby universe?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 407-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: Catalogues ; Clusters of Galaxies ; Cosmology ; Galaxies ; Redshifts
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90122-4
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  • 39
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    New multifrequency measurements of the spectrum of the cosmic background radiation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 3 (1984), S. 465-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Keywords: 3K Blackbody ; Cosmic Background Radiation ; Cosmology ; Primoridal perturbations ; Spectral Distortions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90130-3
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  • 40
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    Domestic cat predation on vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) while foraging on goats, pigs, cows and human beings
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 39 (1994), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Keywords: Cats ; Foraging ; Humans ; Livestock ; Predators ; Vampire bats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90134-1
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    Behavioural responses to humans and the productivity of commercial broiler chickens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 41 (1994), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Keywords: Fear ; Handling ; Humans ; Poultry ; Productivity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(94)90055-8
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  • 42
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    Thermal gradients in the oesophagus of man during exercise and passive warming
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 5 (1980), S. 249-251 
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    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Humans ; exercise ; hyperthermia ; oesophageal temperature
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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  • 43
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    The Beauty of General Relativity (1997)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 2 (1997), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: General Relativity ; Cosmology ; Black holes ; Nonlinearity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract The author proposes to add another dichotomy to the list of essential tensions proposed by Professor Duda, namely beauty and ugliness. Physicists believe that only beautiful theories describe the world correctly, and that General Relativity is one of the most beautiful physical theories. The author explains why physicists regard this theory as beautiful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009623126300
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    The compositional distribution of coding sequences and DNA molecules in humans and murids (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 27 (1988), S. 311-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Genome composition ; Coding sequences ; Isochores ; Humans ; Murids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The compositional distributions of coding sequences and DNA molecules (in the 50-100-kb range) are remarkably narrower in murids (rat and mouse) compared to humans (as well as to all other mammals explored so far). In murids, both distributions begin at higher and end at lower GC values. A comparison of homologous coding sequences from murids and humans revealed that their different compositional distributions are due to differences in GC levels in all three codon positions, particularly of genes located at both ends of the distribution. In turn, these differences are responsible for differences in both codon usage and amino acids. When GC levels at first+second codon positions and third codon positions, respectively, of murid genes are plotted against corresponding GC levels of homologous human genes, linear relationships (with very high correlation coefficients and slopes of about 0.78 and 0.60, respectively) are found. This indicates a conservation of the order of GC levels in homologous genes from humans and murids. (The same comparison for mouse and rat genes indicates a conservation of GC levels of homologous genes.) A similar linear relationship was observed when plotting GC levels of corresponding DNA fractions (as obtained by density gradient centrifugation in the presence of a sequence-specific ligand) from mouse and human. These findings indicate that orderly compositional changes affecting not only coding sequences but also noncoding sequences took place since the divergence of murids. Such directional fixations of mutations point to the existence of selective pressures affecting the genome as a whole.
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    Phylogenetic evidence for multiple Alu source genes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 35 (1992), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Alu source genes ; Humans ; Gorillas ; Retrotransposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A member of the young PV Alu sub-family is detected in chimpanzee DNA showing that the PV subfamily is not specific to human DNA. This particular Alu is absent from the orthologous loci in both human and gorilla DNAs, indicating that PV subfamily members transposed within the chimpanzee lineage following the divergence of chimpanzee from both gorilla and human. These findings and previous reports describing the transpositional activity of other Alu sequences within the human, gorilla, and chimpanzee lineages provide phylogenetic evidence for the existence of multiple Alu source genes. Sequences surrounding this particular Alu resemble known transcriptional control elements associated with RNA polymerase III, suggesting a mechanism by which cis-acting elements might be acquired upon retrotransposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160256
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  • 46
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    An analysis of codon usage in mammals: Selection or mutation bias? (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 442-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Humans ; Mouse ; Rat ; Codon usage ; Mutation bias ; Selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A new statistical test has been developed to detect selection on silent sites. This test compares the codon usage within a gene and thus does not require knowledge of which genes are under the greatest selection, that there exist common trends in codon usage across genes, or that genes have the same mutation pattern. It also controls for mutational biases that might be introduced by the adjacent bases. The test was applied to 62 mammalian sequences, the significant codon usage biases were detected in all three species examined (humans, rats, and mice). However, these biases appear not to be the consequence of selection, but of the first base pair in the codon influencing the mutation pattern at the third position.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02103136
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    The evolution of two west African populations (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 34 (1992), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Humans ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Nuclear polymorphisms ; Heteroplasmy ; Genetic differentiation ; Sickle cell ; Rain forest refuges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The identification of genetically coherent populations is essential for understanding human evolution. Among the culturally uniform ethnic groups of west Africa, there are two geographically distinct populations with high frequencies of sickle-cell hemoglobin (HbS). Although the HbS mutation in each group is found on distinguishable chromosomes 11, these populations have been assumed to be parts of a single population. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in these populations demonstrated that the two populations identified by alternative chromosomes 11 bearing HbS have distinct distributions of mitochondrial genotypes, i.e., they are maternally separate. These studies also showed that, contrary to expectation, the mtDNA of some individuals is heteroplasmic. For nuclear loci, a comparison of the frequency of alternative alleles established that these populations are genetically distinct. Both the mitochondrial and nuclear data indicate that these populations have been separate for approximately 50,000 years. Although HbS in the two populations is usually attributed to recent, independent mutations, the duration of the separation and the observed geographic distribution of the population allow for the possibility of an ancient origin of HbS. Assuming an ancient mutation and considering the known biogeography, we suggest that HbS protected selected populations from malaria in rain forest refuges during the most recent ice age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160241
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    The spectrum of the microwave background as a probe of the early universe
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 17 (1986), S. 117-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0146-6410
    Keywords: Cosmology ; constraints on thermal histories of the universe ; microwave background radiation ; review of spectral observations ; spectral distortions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0146-6410(86)90014-1
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    The substance P content of peripheral tissues in several mammals
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 4 (1983), S. 451-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Biliary system ; Cat ; Guinea-pig ; Humans ; Mucosa ; Rabbit ; Radioimmunoassay ; Respiratory system ; Skin ; Substance P ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Urinary system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(83)90048-7
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    A neuroheptapeptide influence on cognitive functioning in the elderly
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 1 (1980), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: ACTH ; Aging ; Attention ; Cognition ; Humans ; MSH ; Peptide ; Visual retention
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(80)90036-4
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    Circulatory effects of VIP in anesthetized man
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 5 (1984), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Circulation ; Electromagnetic flowmetry ; Humans ; VIP
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(84)90227-4
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    Interspecies homology of cytochrome P-450: toxicological significance of cytochrome P-450 cross-reactive with anti-rat P-448-H antibodies in liver microsomes from dogs, monkeys and humans
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research Letters 226 (1989), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-7992
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Dogs ; Humans ; Monkeys ; P-448-H ; Rats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-7992(89)90014-6
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    Evidence for genetic similarity detection in human marriage
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 6 (1985), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Assortative mating ; Genetic similarity ; Heritability ; Humans ; Kin recognition
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(85)90030-5
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    Estimating paternity confidence
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 8 (1987), S. 215-220 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Humans ; Paternity confidence ; Relatedness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(87)90045-8
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    Hindu temples: Models of a fractal universe (1989)
    Springer
    The visual computer 5 (1989), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Fractal geometry ; Cosmology ; Hindu temple architecture ; Visual language
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Hindu philosophy views the cosmos to be holonomic and self-similar in nature. According to ancient architectural tradition, Hindu temples are symbols of models of the cosmos and their form represents the cosmos symbolically. The procedures and methods used in the construction of Hindu temples bear a striking resemblance to the procedures of computer graphics, including discretization, fractalization and extensive use of recursive procedures, including self-similar iteration. The instructions given in ancient Vastu shastras (texts on architecture) work like general programmes to generate various types of temples. The paper is an attempt to draw attention to the similarities between the procedures and resulting forms in computer graphics and Hindu temple architecture and to explain the relationship that exists between the form of the temple and the concepts of Hindu philosophy. It is proposed that Hindu temples may be viewed as threedimensional fractal models and that the use of fractal geometry procedures has a special symbolic meaning in the generation of the forms of Hindu temples.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153753
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    Agaricus Bisporus: An assessment of its carcinogenic potency (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 73-77 
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    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Assessment ; Cancer ; Humans ; Hydrazines ; Mushroom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in theAgaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. By adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushroom needed to induce the same effect, it becomes obvious that we have accounted for less than 2% of the carcinogenic components of theAgaricus bisporus mushroom. Since some unavailable data handicapped this assessment, it should be regarded as tentative and subject to further adjustment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103105
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    The solar wind and human birth rate: A possible relationship due to magnetic disturbances (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 42-48 
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    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Briths ; Humans ; Solar wind ; Geomagnetism ; Melatonin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Data obtained from the literature on the annual pattern of human conceptions and plasma melatonin at high latitudes indicated that simple annual rhythms do not exist. Instead, prominent semiannual rhythms are found, with equinoctial troughs and solsticial peaks. A prominent semiannual environmental event is the magnetic disturbance induced by the solar wind. The semiannual magnetic disturbances are worldwide, but most pronounced in the auroral zones where the corpuscular radiation enters the atmosphere. Magnetic indices that predominantly reflect these events were obtained from the literature and correlated with the melatonin and conception data. Significant and inverse correlations were found for Inuit conceptions and the melatonin data. The correlations obtained for 48 contiguous states of the United States indicated that only the extreme northern states exhibited this relationship. These data were compared with a previous correlational study in the United States which established that sunshine was correlated with conceptions in the middle latitude and southern states. An hypothesis of dual control by electromagnetic and magnetic energies is proposed: melatonin is a progonadal hormone in humans controlled by both factors, depending on their relative strength. Other studies are reviewed regarding the possible factors involved in determining the annual pattern of human conceptions. Demographic studies of geographic variation in temporal patterns of conceptions, with particular regard to variations of the magnetic fields on the earth's surface, may provide some insight into the efficacy of these different factors.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045819
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    The origin and abundances of the chemical elements revisited (1991)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 3 (1991), S. 1-46 
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    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Nucleosynthesis ; Nuclear reactions ; Stars: abundances ; Interstellar Medium: abundances ; Cosmology ; Galaxies: evolution of
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The basic scheme of nucleosynthesis (building of heavy elements from light ones) has held up very well since it was first proposed more than 30 years ago by E.M. Burbidge, G.R. Burbidge, A.G.W. Cameron, W.A. Fowler, and F. Hoyle. Significant advances in the intervening years include (a) observations of elemental and a few isotopic ratios in many more extrasolar-system sites, including metal-poor dwarf irregular galaxies, where very little has happened, and supernovae and their remnants, where a great deal has happened, (b) recognition of the early universe as good for making all the elements up to helium, (c) resolution of heavy element burning in stars into separate carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon burning, with fine tuning of the resulting abundances by explosive nucleosynthesis in outgoing supernova shock waves, (d) clarification of the role of Type I supernovae, (e) concordance between elements produced in short-lived and long-lived stars with those that increased quickly and slowly over the history of the galaxy, and (f) calibration of calculations of the evolution and explosion of massive stars against the detailed observations of SN 1987A. The discussion presupposes a reader (a) with some prior knowledge of astronomy at the level of recognizing what is meant by an A star and an AGB star and (b) with at least a mild interest in how we got to where we currently are.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00873456
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    Arc(let)s in clusters of galaxies (1994)
    Springer
    The astronomy and astrophysics review 5 (1994), S. 239-292 
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    ISSN: 1432-0754
    Keywords: Gravitational lensing ; Clusters of galaxies ; Cosmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary The discovery of giant gravitational arcs and arclets in rich clusters of galaxies is one of the major events of the last decade in observational cosmology. High resolution imaging in subarcsecond seeing conditions of giant arcs gives information on the cluster potential and the matter distribution within the inner regions of clusters. Ultra-deep photometry of the clusters reveals numerous arclets with an orthoradial orientation from which one can infer the projected mass profile at large distance and the redshift distribution of the faintest distant background galaxies which are unobservable with standard spectroscopic techniques. Thanks to the strong magnification factor, the spectroscopy of giant arcs is possible and we can therefore observe with great detail a few very distant galaxies. Individual redshifts of arcs give the total mass of the lens, whereas the spectroscopy of a large sample of arcs also gives information on the redshift distribution of distant galaxies. It is obvious that cluster lenses play an important role as large natural telescopes for probing the distant universe. Finally, observations of multiple-arc configurations due to different sources may even constrain the cosmological parameters. We are now confident that gravitational lensing will be an essential tool within the next decade for observing very high redshift galaxies and the weak shear generated by the largest structures of the universe. In this review we summarize the present status of gravitational arc(let)s surveys with particular emphasis on the most important issues which have arisen during the last years and on the prospects for the future, regarding the rebirth of the Hubble Space Telescope, the coming of a new generation of Very Large Telescopes, and the development of large CCDs in the optical and the infrared.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00877691
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    Cosmology in South Africa (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 230 (1995), S. 237-262 
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    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Cosmology ; South Africa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews research in theoretical cosmology in South Africa, providing an overview of the work that has been done and the groups involved in that work.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658184
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    Bounds for mass and rotation of black holes in the observable universe (1995)
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    Astrophysics and space science 225 (1995), S. 221-226 
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    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Black holes ; General relativity ; Cosmology ; Mathematical physics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The bounds for the energy change rate of a Maxwell field in the outer space of a rotating black hole, calculated by de Vries (1994) and de Vries (1995), enable us to deduce limits for the rotation and the mass of black holes. For this purpose we assume that a certain part of the anisotropies of the cosmic background radiation is due to absorption or superradiance of black holes (Teukolsky, 1973, Starobinskii and Churilov, 1973). The knowledge of these anisotropies yields bounds for rotation and mass of the black holes in the observable universe.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613236
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    The redshift revisited (1995)
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    Astrophysics and space science 227 (1995), S. 13-24 
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    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Cosmological Redshift ; History of Cosmology ; Cosmic Background Radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse the history of modern cosmology based on the redshift phenomenon and on the cosmic background radiation (CBR). We show the models of different authors for the interpretation of the redshift and how the tired light models predicted the correct value of 2.7 K temperature previous to Gamow and collaborators.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678063
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    Implementation of periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate staining for ultrastructural assessment of muscle glycogen utilization during exercise (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 229-232 
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    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Skeletal muscles ; Ultrastructure ; Exercise ; Glycogen ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of glycogen particles in semithin and ultrathin sections of biopsy samples from human muscles subjected to either short- or long-term running were investigated using PAS and Periodic Acid-ThioSemiCarbazide-Silver Proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) staining methods. Glycogen particles were predominantly found immediately under the sarcolemma or aligned along the myofibrillar Iband. After long-term exhaustive exercise type-1 fibers with a few or no glycogen particles in the core of the fibers were frequently observed. The subsarcolemmal glycogen stores of these “depleted” type-1 fibers were about three times as large as after exhaustive short-time exercise. Another indication of utilization of subsarcolemmal glycogen stores during anaerobic exercise was that many particles displayed a pale, rudimentary shape. This observation suggests fragmental metabolization of glycogen. Thus, depending on type of exercise and type of fiber differential and sequential glycogen utilization patterns can be observed.
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    Perception of shape from shading in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans (Homo sapiens) (1998)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 1 (1998), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Keywords: Key words Shape from shading ; Visual search ; Texture segregation ; Chimpanzees ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The perception of shape from shading was tested in two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and five humans (Homo sapiens), using visual search tasks. Subjects were required to select and touch an odd item (target) from among uniform distractors. Humans found the target faster when shading was vertical than when it was horizontal, consistent with results of previous research. Both chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern: they found the target faster when shading was horizontal. The same difference in response was found in texture segregation tasks. This difference between the species could not be explained by head rotation or head shift parallel to the surface of the monitor. Furthermore, when the shaded shape was changed from a circle to a square, or the shading type was changed from gradual to stepwise, the difference in performance between vertical and horizontal shading disappeared in chimpanzees, but persisted in humans. These results suggest that chimpanzees process shading information in a different way from humans.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050004
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    Nonlinear theory of the two-point correlation function (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 74 (1995), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Gravitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We consider the influence of the nonlinear stage of gravitational instability on the two-point correlation functions of gravitationally bound objects. Based on the theory of nonlinear gravitational contraction of a single density peak of dissipationless matter (Gurevich and Zybin, 1988a,b; 1990) we develop a method for calculating the two-point correlation functions of different objects of any mass. The method works good in the region of strong correlations and can be easily extended to calculate higher correlation functions. We show that the main contribution to the correlation function ξi in the region of strong correlations ξi ≫ 1 is made by pair systems located outside large clusters of objects. In this region the shape of ξi is determined only by the nonlinear dynamics of gravitational contraction of dissipationless matter and has the form ξi ≈C τ −α, where α≈1.8 is a universal parameter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751435
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    On the Measurements of D/H in QSO Absorption Systems Closing in on the primordial abundance of deuterium (1998)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 65-75 
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    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmology ; nucleosynthesis ; abundances ; Quasars: absorption lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present our measurements of the deuterium to hydrogen ratio (D/H) in QSO absorption systems, which give D/H = 3.40 ± 0.25 × 10-5 based on analysis of four independent systems. We discuss the properties of two systems which provide the strongest constraints on D/H. We outline the systematic effects involved in measurements of D/H and introduce a sophisticated method of analysis which properly accounts for these effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005086310712
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    Deuterium Observations in the Galaxy (1998)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 297-308 
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    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Deuterium ; Interstellar Abundance ; Cosmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An accurate measurement of the primordial value of D/H would provide one of the best tests of nucleosynthesis models for the early Universe and the baryon density. Such evaluations have been traditionally made using present estimations of the deuterium abundance in the interstellar medium, extrapolated backwards in time with the use of galactic evolution models. Direct estimations of the primordial deuterium abundance have been carried out only recently in QSOs absorbers at high redshift. We will summarize galactic observations of deuterium and suggest that, perhaps, a single D/H value for the interstellar medium is not representative. These evaluations mainly came from observations completed in the far UV with first the Copernicus satellite over the Lyman lines series followed then by H and D Lyman-alpha lines observations with both the IUE and the GHRS on the Hubble Space Telescope. We discuss different known systematics and show that the situation is not yet clear. It is not possible today to claim that we know "the" D/H value in the interstellar medium, if any. Overall and in the context of additional D observations made in the solar system, we conclude that the actual evolution of deuterium from Big-Bang nucleosynthesis to now is not yet understood. More observations, recently made with IMAPS (the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph) and hopefully to be made with FUSE (the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer to be launched in the fall of 1998), at higher spectral resolution or in many different galactic sites are certainly needed to help us reach a better global view of the evolution of that key element, and thus better constrain any evaluation of its primordial abundance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005000208411
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    Simulations of the microwave sky and of its “observations” (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 74 (1995), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Microwave Background Anisotropies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Here follows a preliminary report on the construction of fake millimeter and sub-millimeter skies, as observed by virtual instruments,e.g. the COBRA/SAMBA mission, using theoretical modeling and data extrapolations. Our goal is to create maps as realistic as possible of the relavant physical contributions which may contribute to the detected signals. This astrophysical modeling is followed by simulations of the measurement process itself by a given instrumental configuration. This will enable a precise determination of what can and cannot be achieved with a particular experimental configuration, and provide a feedback on how to improve the overall design. It is a key step on the way to define procedures for the separation of the different physical processes in the future observed maps. Note that this tool will also prove useful in preparing and analyzing current (e.g. balloon borne) Microwave Background experiments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751250
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    Gamma-ray burst energy spectra: theoretical models, old and new (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 169-176 
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    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma-ray bursts ; Neutron stars ; Cosmology ; Gamma-rays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The modelling of gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectra has considerable potential for increasing the understanding of these enigmatic sources. A diversity of ideas and analyses has been generated over the last two decades to explain line features and continuum shapes, encompassing both older galactic neutron star and “new age” cosmological source models. This paper reviews some of the highlights of these studies, discussing the merits and limitations of various ideas, and in particular their compatibility with the observational data. The first focus will be on continuum models for GRBs, which include optically thin synchrotron emission and resonant Compton upscattering near galactic neutron stars, while the synchrotron and non-magnetic inverse Compton scattering mechanisms are prominent in the less well-developed cosmological scenarios. Line formation scenarios will then be discussed, in particular the scattering model for producing cyclotron features, which remains the only viable explanation for the Ginga observations of double lines. Absorption-like line production in cosmological burst models is generally difficult, though interesting notions such as femtolensing interference patterns have been proffered.
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    Cosmological models of gamma-ray bursts (1995)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 231 (1995), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Keywords: Gamma-ray bursts ; Neutron stars ; Cosmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We review models of cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The statistical and γ-ray transparency issues are summarized. Neutron-star and black-hole merger scenarios are described and estimates of merger rates are summarized. We review the simple fireball models for GRBs and the recent work on non-simple fireballs. Alternative cosmological models, including models where GRBs are analogs of active galactic nuclei and where they are produced by high-field, short period pulsars, are also mentioned. The value of neutrino astronomy to solve the GRB puzzle is briefly reviewed.
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    Superfluidity and superconductivity in the universe (1969)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 1 (1969), S. 3-24 
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    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Superfluidity ; Superconductivity ; Neutron star ; White dwarf ; Cosmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The paper aims to elucidate the current status of the problem concerning the existence and observation of superfluid and superconducting states in the universe, that is, under cosmic conditions. Following an introduction, the paper discusses Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity, and superconductivity; possibilities for the occurrence of superfluidity and superconductivity under cosmic conditions; superconductivity of dense, degenerate electron plasma (large planets, white dwarfs); superfluidity and superconductivity in neutron stars; and finally superfluidity in a cosmological neutrino “sea.”
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007238
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    Essay: Chaos in Superstring Cosmology (2000)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 2339-2343 
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    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Einstein-Dilaton-Tensor ; Superstring ; Cosmology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that the general solution of the Einstein-Dilaton-antisymmetric-tensors field equations of all superstring theories exhibits a chaotic oscillatory behaviour of the Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz type near a cosmological singularity. This result indicates that superstring cosmology is much more complex than is assumed in the scenarios presently discussed in the literature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002015617065
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    Causal Viscous Cosmological Models With Variable G and Λ (2000)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 607-614 
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    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Cosmology ; causal viscous fluid ; variable G and Λ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Einstein's equations with variable gravitational and cosmological “constants” are considered in the presence of a bulk viscous fluid source described by the truncated causal theory of Israel–Stewart, for the spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic universe. A solution is found in which the cosmological term varies inversely with the square of time. However, the gravitational constant G is found to be increasing with time.
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    Causal Dissipative Cosmology With Variable G and Λ (2000)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 615-620 
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    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Israel–Stewart–Hiscock theory ; variable G and Λ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cosmological model with variable G and Λ is considered in the framework of Israel–Stewart–Hiscock (ISH) causal theory. Power law as well as inflationary solutions are obtained. The gravitational constant is found to increase with time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001911017430
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    Newtonian and Post-Newtonian Approximations of the k= 0 Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Cosmology (2000)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 719-733 
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    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Newtonian theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In a previous paper [9], we derived a post-Newtonian approximation to cosmology which, in contrast to former Newtonian and post-Newtonian cosmological theories, has a well-posed initial value problem. In this paper, this new post-Newtonian theory is compared with the fully general relativistic theory, in the context of the k= 0 Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmology. It is found that the post-Newtonian theory reproduces the results of its general relativistic counterpart, whilst the Newtonian theory does not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001971203318
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    The Case Against Cosmology (2000)
    Springer
    General relativity and gravitation 32 (2000), S. 1125-1134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9532
    Keywords: Cosmology ; observations ; science
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that some of the recent claims for cosmology are grossly overblown. Cosmology rests on a very small database: it suffers from many fundamental difficulties as a science (if it is a science at all) whilst observations of distant phenomena are difficult to make and harder to interpret. It is suggested that cosmological inferences should be tentatively made and sceptically received.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001981929727
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  • 77
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    Cosmological variability of fundamental physical constants (1995)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 74 (1995), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Quasar Spectra ; Physical Constants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gamow was one of the pioneers who studied the possible variability of fundamental physical constants. Some versions of modern Grand Unification theories do predict such variability. The paper is concerned with three of the constants: the fine-structure constant α, the ratio of the proton massm p to the electron massm e, and the ratio of the neutron massm n tom e. It is shown on the basis of the quasar spectra analysis, that all the three constants revealed no statistically significant variation over the last 90% of the life time of the Universe. At the 2δ significance level, the following upper bounds are obtained for the epoch corresponding to the cosmological redshiftsz∼2–3: Δα/α〈1.5×10−3, Δm p/m p〈2×10−3, and Δm/m〈3×10−4, where Δx is a possible deviation of a quantityx from its present value,m=m p+m n, and the nucleon masses are in units ofm e. (According to new observational data which became known most recently, Δm p/m p〈2×10−4) In addition a possible anisotropy of the high-redshift fine splitting over the celestial sphere is checked. Within the relative statistical error 3δ 〈 1% the values of α turned out to be the same in various quadrants of the celestial sphere, which corresponds to their equality in causally disconnected areas. However, at the 2δ level a tentative anisotropy of estimated Δα/α values is found in directions that approximately coincide with the direction of the relic microwave background anisotropy. The revealed constraints serve as criteria for selection of those theoretical models which predict variation of α,m p orm n with the cosmological time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00751411
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  • 78
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    Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Density of Baryons in the Universe (1998)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 3-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Cosmology ; Nucleosynthesis ; Light Elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Now that extragalactic deuterium observations are being made, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is on the verge of undergoing a transformation. Previously, the emphasis was on demonstrating the concordance of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis model with the abundances of the light isotopes extrapolated back to their primordial values using stellar and Galactic evolution theories. Once the primordial deuterium abundance is converged upon, the nature of the field will shift to using the much more precise primordial D/H to constrain the more flexible stellar and Galactic evolution models (although the question of potential systematic error in 4He abundance determinations remains open). The remarkable success of the theory to date in establishing the concordance has led to the very robust conclusion of BBN regarding the baryon density. The BBN constraints on the cosmological baryon density are reviewed and demonstrate that the bulk of the baryons are dark and also that the bulk of the matter in the universe is non-baryonic. Comparison of baryonic density arguments from Lyman-α clouds, x-ray gas in clusters, and the microwave anisotropy are made and shown to be consistent with the BBN value.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005029824824
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  • 79
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    Influence of the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system on the energetically optimum breathing frequency (1993)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 21 (1993), S. 489-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Work of breathing ; Inspiratory pressure-time integral ; Respiratory modeling ; Dogs ; Humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract We hypothesized that the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system should have significant implications for the energetically optimal frequency of breathing, in view of the fact that these properties cause marked dependencies of overall system resistance and elastance on frequency. To test our hypothesis we simulated two models of canine and human respiratory system mechanics during sinusoidal breathing and calculated the inspiratory work ( $$\dot W$$ ) and pressure-time integral (PTI) per minute under both resting and exercise conditions. The two models were a two-compartment viscoelastic model and a single-compartment model. Requiring minute alveolar ventilation to be fixed, we found that both models predicted almost identical optimum breathing frequencies. The calculated PTI was very insensitive to increases in breathing frequency above the optimal frequencies, while $$\dot W$$ was found to increase slowly with frequency above its optimum. In contrast, both $$\dot W$$ and PTI increased sharply as frequency decreased below their respective optima. A sensitivity analysis showed that the model predictions were very insensitive to the elastance and resistance values chosen to characterize tissue viscoelasticity. We conclude that the $$\dot W$$ criterion for choosing the frequency of breathing is compatible with observations in nature, whereas the optimal frequency predictions of the PTI are rather too high. Both criteria allow for a fairly wide margin of choice in frequency above the optimum values without incurring excessive additional energy expenditure. Furthermore, contrary to our expectations, the viscoelastic properties of the respiratory system tissues do not pose a noticeable problem to the respiratory controller in terms of energy expenditure.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000004
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  • 80
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    New geometric representations of the CMB two-point correlation function (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-07
    Description: Author(s): Andre L. D. Froes, Thiago S. Pereira, Armando Bernui, and Glenn D. Starkman When searching for deviations of statistical isotropy in the cosmic microwave background, a popular strategy is to write the two-point correlation function (2pcf) as the most general function of four spherical angles (i.e., two unit vectors) in the celestial sphere. Then, using a basis of bipolar sp… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043508] Published Thu Aug 06, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
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    Dynamical de Sitter phase and nontrivial holonomy in strongly coupled gauge theories in an expanding universe (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-19
    Description: Author(s): Ariel R. Zhitnitsky We discuss a new scenario for early cosmology when the inflationary de Sitter phase emerges dynamically. This genuine quantum effect occurs as a result of dynamics of the topologically nontrivial sectors in a strongly coupled QCD-like gauge theory in an expanding universe. We test these ideas by exp… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043512] Published Tue Aug 18, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Traversable wormholes and non-singular black holes from the vacuum of quadratic gravity (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-25
    Description: Author(s): Francis Duplessis and Damien A. Easson We present new traversable wormhole and nonsingular black hole solutions in pure, scale-free R 2 gravity. These exotic solutions require no null energy condition violating or “exotic” matter and are supported only by the vacuum of the theory. It is well known that f ( R ) theories of gravity may be reca… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043516] Published Mon Aug 24, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 83
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    Electroweak vacuum angle at finite temperature and implications for baryogenesis (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-20
    Description: Author(s): Andrew J. Long, Hiren H. Patel, and Mark Trodden We initiate a study of cosmological implications of sphaleron-mediated C P -violation arising from the electroweak vacuum angle under the reasonable assumption that the semiclassical suppression is lifted at finite temperature. In this article, we explore the implications for existing scenarios of bar… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043513] Published Wed Aug 19, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 84
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    Interacting realization of cosmological singularities with variable vacuum energy (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-15
    Description: Author(s): Luis P. Chimento and Martín G. Richarte We examine an interacting dark matter variable vacuum energy model for a spatially flat Friedmann-Roberston-Walker spacetime, focusing on the appearance of cosmological singularities such as big rip, big brake, big freeze, and big separation along with abrupt events (infinite γ - singularity and new … [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043511] Published Fri Aug 14, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 85
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    Testing and extending the inflationary consistency relation for tensor modes (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: Author(s): Latham Boyle, Kendrick M. Smith, Cora Dvorkin, and Neil Turok If observations confirm BICEP2’s claim of a tensor-scalar ratio r ≈ 0.2 on CMB scales, then the inflationary consistency relation n t = − r / 8 predicts a small negative value for the tensor spectral index n t . We show that future CMB polarization experiments should be able to confirm this prediction at seve… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043504] Published Mon Aug 03, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 86
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    Time asymmetric extensions of general relativity (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: Author(s): Marina Cortês, Henrique Gomes, and Lee Smolin We describe a class of modified gravity theories that deform general relativity in a way that breaks time reversal invariance and, very mildly, locality. The algebra of constraints, local physical degrees of freedom, and their linearized equations of motion, are unchanged, yet observable effects may… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043502] Published Mon Aug 03, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Improved limits on sterile neutrino dark matter using full-sky Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor data (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-06
    Description: Author(s): Kenny C. Y. Ng, Shunsaku Horiuchi, Jennifer M. Gaskins, Miles Smith, and Robert Preece Surprisingly stringent bounds on sterile neutrino dark matter are obtained by searching for spectral lines from sterile neutrino dark matter in the 25—40 keV mass range using data from Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The constraints represent an order of magnitude improvement over previous results. [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043503] Published Tue Aug 04, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Ruling out thermal dark matter with a black hole induced spiky profile in the M87 galaxy (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-08
    Description: Author(s): Thomas Lacroix, Céline Bœhm, and Joseph Silk Using the spectral energy distribution of M87, a nearby radio galaxy in the Virgo cluster, and assuming a supermassive black hole induced spike in the dark matter halo profile, we exclude any dark matter candidate with a velocity-independent (s-wave) annihilation cross-section of the order of ⟨ σ v ⟩ ∼ 1… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043510] Published Fri Aug 07, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 89
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    Microwave background polarization as a probe of large-angle correlations (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Author(s): Amanda Yoho, Simone Aiola, Craig J. Copi, Arthur Kosowsky, and Glenn D. Starkman Two-point correlation functions of cosmic microwave background polarization provide a physically independent probe of the surprising suppression of correlations in the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies at large angular scales. We investigate correlation functions constructed from ... [Phys. Rev. D 91, 123504] Published Thu Jun 04, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Stabilizing the Planck mass shortly after inflation (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-06
    Description: Author(s): Carsten van de Bruck, Adam Christopherson, and Mathew Robinson We consider a model of the early Universe which consists of two scalar fields: the inflaton and a second field which drives the stabilization of the Planck mass (or gravitational constant). We show that the nonminimal coupling of this second field to the Ricci scalar sources a nonadiabatic pressure ... [Phys. Rev. D 91, 123503] Published Wed Jun 03, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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  • 91
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    Running from features: Optimized evaluation of inflationary power spectra (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Description: Author(s): Hayato Motohashi and Wayne Hu In models like axion monodromy, temporal features during inflation which are not associated with its ending can produce scalar, and to a lesser extent, tensor power spectra where deviations from scale-free power law spectra can be as large as the deviations from scale invariance itself. Here the sta… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 043501] Published Mon Aug 03, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    General analysis of direct dark matter detection: From microphysics to observational signatures (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-15
    Description: Author(s): James B. Dent, Lawrence M. Krauss, Jayden L. Newstead, and Subir Sabharwal Beginning with a set of simplified models for spin-0, spin- 1 2 , and spin-1 dark matter candidates, we derive the full set of nonrelativistic operators and nuclear matrix elements relevant for direct detection of dark matter and use these to calculate rates and recoil spectra for scattering on various… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063515] Published Mon Sep 14, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Mirror moving in quantum vacuum of a massive scalar field (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Author(s): Qingdi Wang and William G. Unruh We present a mirror model moving in the quantum vacuum of a massive scalar field and study its motion under infinitely fluctuating quantum vacuum stress. The model is similar to the one in [Q. Wang and W. G. Unruh, Motion of a mirror under infinitely fluctuating quantum vacuum stress Phys. Rev. D 89 … [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063520] Published Fri Sep 18, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Charged Q-balls in gauge mediated SUSY breaking models (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Author(s): Jeong-Pyong Hong, Masahiro Kawasaki, and Masaki Yamada It is known that after Affleck-Dine baryogenesis, spatial inhomogeneities of Affleck-Dine field grow into nontopological solitons called Q-balls. In gauge mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking models, sufficiently large Q-balls with baryon charge are stable while Q-balls with lepton charge can alwa… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063521] Published Fri Sep 18, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Cosmological attractors and initial conditions for inflation (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Author(s): John Joseph M. Carrasco, Renata Kallosh, and Andrei Linde Inflationary α -attractor models in supergravity, which provide excellent fits to the latest observational data, are based on the Poincaré disk hyperbolic geometry. We refine these models by constructing Kähler potentials with built-in inflaton shift symmetry and by making a canonical choice of the G… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063519] Published Thu Sep 17, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Readout strategies for directional dark matter detection beyond the neutrino background (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: Author(s): Ciaran A. J. O’Hare, Anne M. Green, Julien Billard, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, and Louis E. Strigari The search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) by direct detection faces an encroaching background due to coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering. As the sensitivity of these experiments improves, the question of how to best distinguish a dark matter signal from neutrinos will become incre… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063518] Published Thu Sep 17, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Evolution of cosmological perturbations and the production of non-Gaussianities through a nonsingular bounce: Indications for a no-go theorem in single field matter bounce cosmologies (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-29
    Description: Author(s): Jerome Quintin, Zeinab Sherkatghanad, Yi-Fu Cai, and Robert H. Brandenberger Assuming that curvature perturbations and gravitational waves originally arise from vacuum fluctuations in a matter-dominated phase of contraction, we study the dynamics of the cosmological perturbations evolving through a nonsingular bouncing phase described by a generic single scalar field Lagrang… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 063532] Published Fri Sep 25, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Entropy production by domain wall decay in the NMSSM (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Author(s): Hironori Hattori, Tatsuo Kobayashi, Naoya Omoto, and Osamu Seto We consider domain walls in the Z 3 symmetric next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. The spontaneous Z 3 discrete symmetry breaking produces domain walls, and the stable domain walls are problematic. Thus, we assume the Z 3 symmetry is slightly but explicitly broken and the domain walls decay. … [Phys. Rev. D 92, 103518] Published Tue Nov 24, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    Symplectic gauge fields and dark matter (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Author(s): J. Asorey, M. Asorey, and D. García-Álvarez The dynamics of symplectic gauge fields provides a consistent framework for fundamental interactions based on spin-3 gauge fields. One remarkable property is that symplectic gauge fields only have minimal couplings with gravitational fields and not with any other field of the Standard Model. Interac… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 103517] Published Mon Nov 23, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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    LUX likelihood and limits on spin-independent and spin-dependent WIMP couplings with LUXCalc (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2015-11-26
    Description: Author(s): Christopher Savage, Andre Scaffidi, Martin White, and Anthony G. Williams We present LUXCalc, a new utility for calculating likelihoods and deriving weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon coupling limits from the recent results of the LUX direct search dark matter experiment. After a brief review of WIMP-nucleon scattering, we derive LUX limits on the spin-dep… [Phys. Rev. D 92, 103519] Published Mon Nov 23, 2015
    Keywords: Cosmology
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