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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations  (5)
  • 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation  (3)
  • Apennines
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (9)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Elsevier
  • 2010-2014  (9)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
  • 2014  (9)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 2010-2014  (9)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
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    An adjoint-based FEM optimization of coseismic displacements following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: new insights for the limits of the upper plate rebound (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake was the strongest event recorded in recent historic seismicity in Japan. Several researchers reported the deformation and possible mechanism as triggered by a mega thrust fault located offshore at the interface between the Pacific and the Okhotsk Plate. The studies to estimate the deformation in detail and the dynamics involved are still in progress. In this paper, coseismic GPS displacements associated with Tohoku earthquake are used to infer the amount of slip on the fault plane. Starting from the fault displacements configuration proposed by Caltech-JPL ARIA group and Geoazur CNRS, an optimization of these displacements is performed by developing a 3D finite element method (FEM) model, including the data of GPS-acoustic stations located offshore. The optimization is performed for different scenarios which include the presence of topography and bathymetry (DEM) as well as medium heterogeneities. By mean of the optimized displacement distribution for the most complete case (heterogeneous with DEM), a broad slip distribution, not narrowly centered east of hypocenter, is inferred. The resulting displacement map suggests that the beginning of the area of subsidence is not at east of MYGW GPS-acoustic station, as some researchers have suggested, and that the area of polar reversal of the vertical displacement is rather located at west of MYGW. The new fault slip distribution fits well for all the stations at ground and offshore and provides new information on the earthquake generation process and on the kinematics of Northern Japan area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 25-39
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: 2011 Tohoku earthquake ; Fault slip distribution ; Numerical FEM optimization ; Upper plate rebound ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Rates of geodetic deformation across active faults in southern Italy (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Active deformation in southern Italy is accommodated by a distributed number of faults with low–moderate slip rates. Outcropping extensional faults and mostly blind transcurrent faults are mapped within a western (or axial) and an eastern domain, respectively. We use a combination of continuous (2001.00–2011.84) and episodic (1995.68–2010.79) GNSS observations to firstly estimate the geodetic deformation rate on 32 faults. Geodetic results were successively compared with geological displacement estimates. In agreement with seismological and geological information, a net spatial segregation emerges between the extensional axial belt, and the eastern domain where strike–slip faults are geodetically active. Although uncertainties are at times large, average displacement rates show broadly consistent patterns within both domains. A longitudinal gradient in extension rate is observed for the axial fault array, with two sectors of higher magnitude (~ 0.8–1.7 mm/yr for individual faults). This result is consistent with geological observations and supports the notion that extension occurs in discrete patches. Faults of the eastern domain have lower (few 0.1 to ~ 1.2 mm/yr) strike–slip rates and an eastward-decreasing extensional component, but significant geodetic displacement is detected in areas lacking clear evidence of activity. Few faults with 1–2 mm/yr extension rate are locally found in the eastern domain, but, based on their limited length and on inconsistency with seismology and geology, they are considered as due to deep-seated gravitational spreading. For crustal faults, although geodetic slip and moment rates are larger than geological rates, the broad trend of long- to short-term rates is similar, indicating the feasibility of geodetic analysis to contribute estimating fault slip rate and testing tectonic models in the region. Whereas the western domain extension is thought to be controlled by potential energy related to the Tyrrhenian Moho uplift beneath the Apennines, strike–slip in the east is related to shear on inherited faults within the Adriatic crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101-122
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: GNSS velocity ; Active fault ; Geodetic slip rate ; Southern Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Coseismic and post-seismic slip of the 2009 L'Aquila (central Italy) MW 6.3 earthquake and implications for seismic potential along the Campotosto fault from joint inversion of high-precision levelling, InSAR and GPS data (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: After the April 6th 2009 MW 6.3 (ML 5.9) L'Aquila earthquake (central Italy), we re-measured more than 100 km of high-precision levelling lines in the epicentral area. The joint inversion of the levelling measurements with InSAR and GPS measurements, allowed us to derive new coseismic and post-seismic slip distributions and to de- scribe, with high resolution details on surface displacements, the activation and the slip distribution of a second- ary fault during the aftershock sequence that struck the Campotosto area (major event MW 5.2). Coseismic slip on the Paganica fault occurred on one main asperity, while the afterslip distribution shows a more complex pattern, occurring on three main patches, including both slips on the shallow portions and on the deeper parts of the rup- ture plane. The comparison between coseismic and post-seismic slip distributions strongly suggests that afterslip was triggered at the edges of the coseismic asperity. The activation of a segment of the Campotosto fault during the aftershock sequence, with a good correlation between the estimated slipping area, moment release and distribution of aftershocks, raises the opportunity to discuss the local seismic hazard following the occurrence of the 2009 L'Aquila mainshock. The Campotosto fault appears capable of generating earthquakes as large as his- torical events in the region (M N 6.5) or as small as the ones associated with the 2009 sequence. In the case that the Campotosto fault is accumulating a significant portion of the current interseismic deformation, the 2009 MW N 5 events will have released only a small amount of the accumulated elastic strain, and then a significant hazard still remains in the area. Continuing geodetic monitoring and a densification of the GPS networks in the region are therefore needed to estimate the tectonic loading across the different recognized active fault systems in this part of the Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 168-185
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: High-precision leveling; InSAR; GPS; Earthquake source; Normal faulting; Seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Seismic moment tensors and regional stress in the area of the December 2013–January 2014, Matese earthquake sequence (Italy) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The main goal of this study is to provide moment tensor solutions for small and moderate earthquakes of the Matese seismic sequence in southern Italy for the period of December 2013–January 2014. We estimate the focal mechanisms of 31 earthquakes with local magnitudes related to the Matese earthquake seismic sequence (December 2013–January 2014) in Southern-Central Italy which are recorded by the broadband stations of the Italian National Seismic Network and the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network (MedNet) run by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The solutions show that normal faulting is the prevailing style of seismic deformation in agreement with the local faults mapped outin the area. Comparisons with already published solutions and with seismological and geological information available allowed us to properly interpret the moment tensor solutions in the frame of the seismic sequence evolution and also to furnish additional information about less energetic seismic phases. Focal data were inverted to obtain the seismogenic stress in the study area. The results are compatible with the major tectonic domain of the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118-124
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Moment tensors ; Southern Italy ; Apennines ; Stress inversion ; Seismicity and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    The calculation of ionospheric absorption with modern computers (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: New outcomes are proposed for ionospheric absorption starting from the Appleton-Hartree formula, in its complete form. The range of applicability is discussed for the approximate formulae, which are usually employed in the calculation of non-deviative absorption coefficient. These results were achieved by performing a more refined approximation that is valid under quasi-longitudinal (QL) propagation conditions. The more refined QL approximation and the usually employed non-deviative absorption are compared with that derived from a complete formulation. Their expressions, nothing complicated, can usefully be implemented in a software program running on modern computers. Moreover, the importance of considering Booker’s rule is highlighted. A radio link of ground range D = 1000 km was also simulated using ray tracing for a sample daytime ionosphere. Finally, some estimations of the integrated absorption for the radio link considered are provided for different frequencies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1642-1650
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Appleton-Hartree formula ; more refined quasi-longitudinal approximation ; usually employed non-deviative absorption ; Booker’s rule ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.01. Ion chemistry and composition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.05. Algorithms and implementation ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Unusual nighttime impulsive foF2 enhancements at low latitudes: Phenomenology and possible explanations (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper is focused on unusual nighttime impulsive electron density enhancements that are rarely observed at low latitudes on a wide region of South America, under quiet and medium/high geomagnetic conditions. The phenomenon under investigation is very peculiar because besides being of brief duration, it is characterized by a pronounced compression of the ionosphere. The phenomenon was studied and analyzed using both the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) and the virtual height of the base of the F region (h'F) values recorded at five ionospheric stations widely distributed in space, namely: Jicamarca (-12.0°, -76.8°, magnetic latitude -2.0°), Peru; Sao Luis (-2.6°, -44.2°, magnetic latitude +6.2°), Cachoeira Paulista (-22.4°, -44.6°, magnetic latitude -13.4°), and Sao Jose´ dos Campos (-23.2°, -45.9°, magnetic latitude -14.1°), Brazil; Tucumán (-26.9°, -65.4°, magnetic latitude -16.8°), Argentina. In a more restricted region over Tucumán, the phenomenon was also investigated by the total electron content (TEC) maps computed by using measurements from 12 GPS receivers. A detailed analysis of isoheight ionosonde plots suggests that traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) caused by gravity wave (GW) propagation could play a significant role in causing the phenomenon both for quiet and for medium/high geomagnetic activity; in the latter case however a recharging of the fountain effect, due to electric fields penetrating from the magnetosphere, joins the TID propagation and plays an as much significant role in causing impulsive electron density enhancements.
    Description: Published
    Description: 369-384
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Equatorial ionosphere ; Electron density enhancement ; Traveling ionospheric disturbance ; Fountain effect ; TEC ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.02. Dynamics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.02. Magnetic storms ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Current stress and strain-rate fields across the Dead Sea Fault system: constraints from seismological data and GPS observations. (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The stress and strain-rate fields characterizing the Dead Sea Fault System are investigated by using seismological and geodetic observations. In order to assess spatial variations in the regional stress field, we compiled a multidisciplinary dataset of well-constrained horizontal indicators, by merging all available data reported in literature with the data obtained in this study through weighted stress inversions of focal plane solutions. Our findings indicate that the state of stress is characterized by the coexistence of a normal faulting stress regime with the primarily strike-slip one, according to the regional frame illustrated by previous geological and seismological observations. An updated velocity field computed from new observations and earlier published data, depicts the general left-lateral motion of the Dead Sea fault system well. In agreement with previous studies, we detected some differences in the slip-rate pattern between the northern and the southern sectors of the fault system. The geodetic strain-rate field highlights how much of the deformation is accommodated along the fault system itself in a narrow region. The comparison between the stress and the strain-rate directions reveals that both orientations are near-parallel, clearly indicating that present-day crustal stress and ground deformation patterns are chiefly driven by the same tectonic processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 305-316
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Focal mechanisms ; stress ; GPS ; strain-rate ; Dead Sea Fault System ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    The influence of erosional processes on the visibility of Permanent Scatterers Features from SAR remote sensing on Mount Etna (E Sicily) (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Analysis of 1549 DInSAR interferograms, covering the period from 2003 to 2010, has highlighted significant motion along the entire set of the active faults identified by advanced DInSAR analyses (i.e. Permanent Scatterers Features, PSF), affecting the Mount Etna volcano, in eastern Sicily. In the analysed period, the absence of significant seismicity producing co-seismic ground deformation suggests that the overall deformation that has been recognized on the interferograms is to be associated with interseismic, almost continuous creep which is, well documented along most of the active faults. According to field evidence, the structures should accumulate displacements resulting in their permanent visibility on the interferograms, progressively increases through time. This expected behaviour has been recognised only for part of the entire set of structures. Other tectonic features, in fact, show episodic appearances, alternating with periods of absence of ground displacement on the interferograms, simulating a stick-slip mechanism of deformation, conflicting with field evidence. This apparently incongruous behaviour can be interpreted as the result of topographic changes due to the combination of the tectonic displacements with related amounts of the differential erosion and deposition across the fault line. The comparison between the history of the appearances and the monthly rainfall in the region seems to demonstrate that these structures appear when one of the two interacting processes governing the topographic changes around the fault, i.e. tectonic vs. erosional, prevails over the other. Otherwise, the same structures are not evident on the interferograms when the two components are in balance.
    Description: Published
    Description: 128-137
    Description: 5IT. Osservazioni satellitari
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: fault ; slip rates ; InSAR ; ground deformation ; erosion ; volcano-tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    The COMPLEIK subroutine of the IONORT-ISP system for calculating the non-deviative absorption: A comparison with the ICEPAC formula (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The present paper proposes to discuss the ionospheric absorption, assuming a quasi-flat layered ionospheric medium, with small horizontal gradients. A recent complex eikonal model [Settimi et al., 2013b] is applied, useful to calculate the absorption due to the ionospheric D-layer, which can be approximately characterized by a linearized analytical profile of complex refractive index, covering a short range of heights between h1= 50 km and h2= 90 km. Moreover, Settimi et al. [2013c] have already compared the complex eikonal model for the D-layer with the analytical Chapman’s profile of ionospheric electron density; the corresponding absorption coefficient is more accurate than Rawer’s theory [1976] in the range of middle critical frequencies. Finally, in this paper, the simple complex eikonal equations, in quasi-longitudinal (QL) approximation, for calculating the non-deviative absorption coefficient due to the propagation across the D-layer are encoded into a so called COMPLEIK (COMPLex EIKonal) subroutine of the IONORT (IONOspheric Ray-Tracing) program [Azzarone et al., 2012]. The IONORT program, which simulates the three-dimensional (3-D) ray-tracing for high frequencies (HF) waves in the ionosphere, runs on the assimilative ISP (IRI-SIRMUP-P) discrete model over the Mediterranean area [Pezzopane et al., 2011]. As main outcome of the paper, the simple COMPLEIK algorithm is compared to the more elaborate semi-empirical ICEPAC formula [Stewart, undated], which refers to various phenomenological parameters such as the critical frequency of E-layer. COMPLEIK is reliable just like the ICEPAC, with the advantage of being implemented more directly. Indeed, the complex eikonal model depends just on some parameters of the electron density profile, which are numerically calculable, such as the maximum height.
    Description: Published
    Description: 201-218
    Description: 2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosfera
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Ionospheric D-layer ; Quasi-Longitudinal propagation ; non-deviative absorption ; ICEPAC formula ; ISP-IONORT ; Complex Eikonal theory ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.01. Ion chemistry and composition ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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