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  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Fisheries
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Ocean currents
  • 2010-2014  (32)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1950-1954
  • 2013  (32)
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  • 2010-2014  (32)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The ”Mach’s Principle” has beenconsidered for more than a century as the highest expression of the philosophical rationality of the western world, but it is possible to proof that it is built on a unstable ground and with uncomplete assumptions. With a great intellectual honesty, Ernst Mach showed in his works some awareness of the incompleteness of his reasoning about inertia. Moreover the Mach Principle is often misinterpreted by scientific community with an illegitimate extrapolation of the Mach words.
    Description: Published
    Description: 239-242
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mach Principle ; Inertia conceptions ; Fluid dynamics ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Over the last decade eutrophication of freshwater artificial reservoirs in Cuba occurred in parallel to oligotrophication of estuarine and coastal waters. These two processes influenced both freshwater and marine fisheries. A dramatic shift in species composition in freshwater fisheries has occurred, from dominance by cichlids (tilapia) to dominance by cyprinids. The high fishery yield from some reservoirs, and shift in species composition, seems related to progressive eutrophication of reservoirs by nutrient subsidies from different anthropogenic activities; particular those related to the size of urban areas within their watersheds. On the other hand, marine landings of estuarine-dependent species declined more significantly than for other groups associated with seagrass beds–coral reefs and oceanic waters. The ratio between catches of estuarine-dependent species and those associated with seagrass beds and coral reefs, decreased significantly over the last 20 years. The decrease in landings was more evident in typical estuarine species, such as shrimps (Litopenaeus schmitti and Farfantopenaeus notialis), mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) and mullets (Mugil spp.). River damming increased during the same period and is significantly correlated with these decreases. It is hypothesized that two different processes acted synergistically, leading to dramatic decreases of several orders of magnitude, in the catches of estuarine species over the last decade: the trapping of nutrients and sediments by river damming, and a drastic reduction in nutrient inputs from land-based sources due to reduced fertilizer use. These are postulated to have affected not only estuarine resources, but also the whole coastal ecosystem.
    Description: Durante la última década, la eutrofización de los embalses artificiales de agua dulce en Cuba se produjo en paralelo a oligotrophication de estuarios y costeras aguas. Estos dos procesos de influencia de agua dulce y la pesca marina. Un cambio dramático en la composición de las especies en la pesca de agua dulce se ha producido, de la dominación de los cíclidos (tilapia) a la dominación de ciprínidos. La alta producción de la pesca de algunos embalses, y el cambio en las especies composición, parece relacionada con la progresiva eutrofización de los embalses de las subvenciones de nutrientes de diferentes actividades antropogénicas, especialmente las relacionado con el tamaño de las zonas urbanas dentro de sus cuencas. Por otro lado, los desembarques de especies marinas de estuario-dependientes disminuyeron significativamente más que para otros grupos asociados con algas marinas Los arrecifes de coral-camas y las aguas oceánicas. La relación entre las capturas de las especies que dependen de los estuarios y las asociadas a las praderas marinas y Los arrecifes de coral, se redujo significativamente en los últimos 20 años. La disminución en los desembarques fue más evidente en especies típicas de estuarios, tales como camarones (Litopenaeus schmitti y Farfantopenaeus notialis), ostra de mangle (Crassostrea rhizophorae) y la lisa (Mugil spp.). El represamiento del Río aumentó durante el mismo período y se correlaciona significativamente con estas disminuciones. Se planteó la hipótesis de que dos procesos diferentes actúan de forma sinérgica, que conduce a una disminución drástica de varios órdenes de magnitud, en las capturas de las especies de estuario en la última década: la captura de nutrientes y sedimentos por represas río, y una reducción drástica de los aportes de nutrientes de fuentes terrestres, debido a la reducción del uso de fertilizantes. Se postula que han afectado no sólo a los recursos estuarinos, sino también todo el ecosistema costero.
    Description: Published
    Description: ríos
    Description: impactos antropogénicos
    Keywords: river ; Fisheries ; Eutrophication
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se muestra la evolución de las capturas de las sierras y pintadas, se describen las 3 maneras en que las especies pueden quedar atrapadas en la redes de enmalles, así como también los tipos de redes (deriva, media agua y de fondo).
    Description: Published
    Description: Scomberomorus regalis
    Description: Scomberomorus maculatus
    Description: Scomberomorus cavalla
    Description: spanish mackerel
    Description: king mackerel
    Description: painted mackerel
    Description: enmalle
    Description: arte de pesca
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: Mugil curema
    Description: Mugil liza
    Description: Mugil cephalus
    Description: Gerres cinereus
    Description: patao
    Description: coastal lagoons
    Keywords: Mullet fisheries ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Ce travail représente une contribution à l'étude de l'activité de pêche hauturière dans le gouvernorat de Médenine, particulièrement, au niveau du port de Zarzis ; durant la période (juin 2005-juin 2006). Il consiste à réaliser, grâce à des enquêtes menées au port, deux types d'analyses : une analyse quantitative afin de déterminer les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par la pêche hauturière et une analyse qualitative pour établir les structures démographiques des espèces les plus exploitées dans la région. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que, durant la période d'étude, les principales espèces débarquées par la pêche hauturière sont la sardinelle, le maquereau, le saurel, le rouget blanc, le pageot, la thonine, la seiche et la crevette royale. En examinant les débarquements saisonniers moyens des espèces les plus débarquées par type de pêche, nous avons remarqué que deux ou trois espèces dominent pour chaque saison. De plus, l'analyse des structures démographique des apports a montré que la majorité des individus débarqués sont matures, à l’exception du maquereau dont les captures sont constituées d’individus immatures, surtout pendant les saisons d’été et d’automne.
    Description: This work represents a contribution to the study of the offshore fishing activity in the governorate of Medenine, particularly at the port of Zarzis, during the period (june 2005-june 2006. It is to realize, through surveys conducted at the port, two types of analyzes: a quantitative analysis to determine the average seasonal landings of most landed species by fishing offshore units and qualitative analysis to determine the demographic structure of the most exploited species in the region. The obtained results showed that during the period of study, the main landed species by offshore fishing are sardinella, mackerel, horse mackerel, white mullet, sea bream, skipjack tuna, cuttlefish and the caramote prawn. By examining the average seasonal landings of the most landed species, we noticed that, for each season, two or three species dominate. Furthermore, analysis of demographic structures of the landings showed that the majority of landed individuals are mature, with the exception of mackerel catches which are composed of immature individuals, especially during the seasons of summer and autumn.
    Description: Published
    Description: analyse qualitative
    Description: pêche hauturière
    Keywords: Quality analysis ; Offshore ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Meeting abstract
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Se muestran las capturas históricas de la biajaiba (1935-2000), la evolución de las capturas del pargo (una de las especies de mayor interés económico en Cuba). Se evalúa la utilización de éstas artes de pesca en especies comerciales y su implicación con daños al medio ambiente. Se tiene en cuenta que los pargos criollos, la biajaiba y el caballerote representan el 20 % de las capturas.
    Description: Published
    Description: pesquería artesanal
    Description: cubera
    Description: cherna criolla
    Description: pesca del alto
    Description: pargo
    Description: rabirrubia
    Description: caballerote
    Description: biajaiba
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Un análisis de los datos arqueológicos e históricos sobre la pesca en Cuba muestra que el impacto de la población aborigen sobre los recursos pesqueros no fue significativo debido a su baja densidad poblacional y a las tecnologías de pesca. El interés por el oro, el tamaño de la población, las limitaciones tecnológicas para la pesca y preservación de las capturas así como las preferencias dietéticas de los españoles todas indican que la pesca tampoco fue una actividad económica importante durante los tres siglos que siguieron a la llegada de Colón. Las preferencias por la carne de res y el bacalao salado y la baja tasa de crecimiento poblacional durante el período colonial determinaron que la mayor parte de los recursos pesqueros, con la excepción del manatí y las tortugas marinas, permanecieran prácticamente inexplorados durante varios siglos después de la Conquista. Los datos estadísticos e históricos revelan que la pesca experimentó un rápido crecimiento desde 1950 y este patrón parece ser una característica común en el Caribe así como en otras partes del mundo. Las presiones sobre la vida marina fueron más evidentes en la segunda mitad del siglo xx cuando el crecimiento poblacional, las mejoras tecnológicas y las demandas del mercado aceleraron el sector pesquero así como la urbanización en la mayoría de los países del caribe.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Integrated management ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper , Refereed , Article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: A yield per recruit model has been used to compare the effects of mesh size increment on the yields and revenues of the fisheries of Cameroon under two different cases. Case 1 assumes the commercial fishery to move from the exploitation of three age-groups to two age-groups with no interactions with the artisanal fishery, whereas Case 2 takes into account these interactions. The difference in the percentage increase of yield per recruit between case 1 and case 2 is 61% at current fishing (46% and 18% yield per recruit increment in cases 1 and 2 respectively). The usually accepted long-term yield per recruit increment with increase of age at first capture (with a single non-interacting fisheries) is, in this case, cancelled out. However, the revenues increase by 72% and 63% in cases 1 and 2 respectively. Therefore the economic approach, compared with purely biological analyses, is more convincing. In general, as fisheries always interact, a single-fishery management approach should not be the rule as it is at present; management strategies should consider interactions between different fisheries and be based on their economic performances and not, as said earlier, on purely biological considerations. This is because a biological approach to fisheries management will, at best, be modified by economic factors, or, at worst, be ignored totally in favour of economic policies.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Biological interaction ; Sciaenidae ; Fisheries development ; Fishery management ; Yield/recruit ; Commercial fisheries ; Artisanal fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: UNESCO, bourses MAB/Jeunes scientifiques
    Description: Published
    Description: pêche artisnale; courant marin; houle; pêcheur; érosion côtière; température; repos biologique; environnement; hydroclimat; aires marines protégées; gestion durable; sécurité en mer; maille des filets; surexploitation; récif artificiel; poulpe; cymbium; aquaculture
    Keywords: Artisanal fishing ; Artificial reefs ; Ocean currents ; Swell ; Coastal erosion ; Mesh regulations ; Cephalopod fisheries ; Overfishing ; Hydroclimate ; Environment management ; Safety regulations ; Aquaculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
    Format: 68
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: La pêche au Sénégal joue un rôle économique et social très important par une contribution globale de près de 11% du PIB primaire et 2,3% du PIB total. Elle occupe de façon directe et indirecte environ 600 000 personnes, soit près de 17% de la population active selon la DP M. Cependant ces dernières décennies, les études ont montré que le secteur traverse une crise aiguë se traduisant par une raréfaction croissante des ressources, notamment les espèces nobles qui ont une forte valeur commerciale. Cette crise est due entre autres à une surexploitation de ces ressources qui est le résultat d’un manque de maîtrise de l’effort de pêche surtout pour les pêcheries artisanales (80% des débarquements et plus de 60% des approvisionnements des industries de la place) au regard du volume de ressources disponibles. Ce manque de maîtrise est dû essentiellement par un défaut du suivi contrôle et surveillance au niveau de la pêche artisanale par l’Etat, qui n’a pas les moyens humains et matériels pour appliquer des mesures de gestion, qui pour la plupart ne sont pas adaptées aux réalités des acteurs à la base. L’objet de cette étude est d’analyser une nouvelle approche axée sur la surveillance participative basée sur l’émergence d’initiatives locales de cogestion au niveau des quatre (04) sites du programme GIRMaC que sont ; Ouakam, Ngaparou, Foundiougne et Bétenty. Il ressort de cette étude que : • Le secteur de la pêche traverse une crise aiguë due principalement selon les acteurs à un défaut de suivi, contrôle et surveillance tel que appliqué actuellement ; • L’approche de cogestion avec des bases juridiques cohérentes, comme le propose le programme GIRMaC peut être un moyen viable pour solutionner à la crise que traverse la pêche ; • D’une part le système Suivi Contrôle et Surveillance coûte cher, d’autre part que ces coûts sont fortement amoindris lorsque les acteurs participent à l’effort de surveillance, par une démarche de surveillance participative en cogestion.
    Description: Président : Omar Thiom THIAW, Professeur UCAD Membres : • Niokhor DIOUF, Chercheur IUPA. • Luis Tito Morais, Chercheur IRD Dakar. • Djiby THIAM, Chercheur GIRMac
    Description: Published
    Description: surveillance; contrôle; cogestion; effort de pêche; pêcherie; surexploitation; biodiversité; pêche artisanale
    Keywords: Ocean surveillance ; Ecosystem management ; Fishing effort ; Overexploitation ; Biodiversity ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 87
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: espéces pélagiques
    Description: sardine
    Description: pêche industrielle
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pelagic fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fish products ; Fishing industry ; Fishing fleet
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: conservation
    Description: chaine froide
    Description: poisson
    Keywords: Food conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish conversion ; Conservation (fishery products) ; Glass ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: Pêche
    Description: Senneur
    Keywords: Seining ; Fisheries ; Fisheries ; Seiners
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: ACDI;CRDI; République Française, Ministère des Affaires Etrangéres; CDE; Enda Graf Sahel;
    Description: Conseil Info MPEA, Projer d'Accés à l'information et au Conseil pour les microet petites entreprises agroalimentaires; Projet d'Appui aux Opérateurs/trices de l'Agroalimentaires (PAOA); Cintech Agroalimentaire; Groupe de Recherche et d'Echanges Technologiques (GRET); Enda GRaf Sahel; SNC-LAVALIN International
    Description: Published
    Description: transformation; transformation artisanale; échantillonage; collecte de données; commercialisation
    Keywords: Processing fishery products ; Biological sampling ; Data collections ; Marketing and distribution ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Master thesis
    Format: 41
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Français - Les traits essentiels de la côte sénégalaise, repères historiques de la pêche, communautés de pêcheurs, caractéristiques des flottes et modes d’accès à la ressource et d’interaction sont analysés. Les caractéristiques, tendances décroissantes de l’abondance,niveaux d’exploitation, mesures d’aménagement, relations interspécifiques, changements potentiels et sources de variation des stocks démersaux côtiers sont précisés. Les notions de tactiques et stratégies de pêche sont passées en revue, conceptualisées puis étudiées.Le modèle «Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource» utilisé repose sur la définition de 4 typologies. L’utilisation de méthodes de classification et de connaissances d’experts conduit à considérer 32 stocks, 31 strates, 82 tactiques et 25 flottilles artisanales et chalutières. Les typologies sont articulées avec la prise en compte de paramètres relatifs à l’économie, aux stocks, flottilles et règles de décisions. L’ajustement est satisfaisant en partie. Toutefois, le modèle garde son importance en matière de prospective et d’objectifs à atteindre via la définition de variables de contrôle. Notre travail peut être considéré comme une esquisse invitant à un groupe de travail élargi aux experts des institutions halieutiques nationales voire, sous-régionales. Des propositions sont faites sur les bases de données, les licences de pêche et l’étude des tactiques et stratégies à mener suivant des pas de temps raisonnables pour tenir compte du grand dynamisme des pêcheries. Dès lors qu'il s’agit de caractériser l'impact de la pêche sur l'écosystème, ces travaux sont des éléments essentiels des recherches à faire sur la dynamique des écosystèmes exploités. English - The essential features of the Senegalese coast, fisheries history, fishermen's communities, artisanal and trawling fleet’s characteristics and their way of accessing to the resource and interactions are described. The characteristics, evolutionary tendencies of abundance, level of exploitation, measures of fisheries management, interspecific relationship, potential evolutionary changes and sources of variation of coastal demersal stocks are specified. Tactics and strategies are reviewed, conceptualized and studied. We used the model "Dynamique Conjointe Exploitation Ressource" which lies on 32 stocks, 31 strata, 82 tactics, 25 fleets and several other parameters dealing with stocks, fleets, economy and making decision rules. The adjustment is partially satisfactory but the model is of great interest for prospective studies and objectives to reach once defined variables of control. Our work is an outline calling for an enlarged working group implying national or sub regional fisheries institutional experts. Tactics and strategies studies, re-actualized in artisanal fisheries, are performed for the first time in industrial fisheries. The typological approach is simple, pertinent, efficacy and fast. Propositions are made relatively to databases, fishing licenses and tactics and strategies studies that should be implemented according to a reasonable time steps in order to take into account the big dynamism of the Senegalese fisheries. As it is intended to characterize fisheries impact on ecosystem, these works are one of essential research elements on the dynamic of exploited ecosystems.
    Description: Published
    Description: pêcherie; démersale côtière; modélisation; stocks; écosystème; communauté de pêcheurs; eaux continentales; eaux marines; saison hydrologique; pêcheur; flottille; crevettier; capture; aménagement des pêcheries; pêche chalutière; pêche artisanale; licence de pêche; permis de pêche
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Demersal fisheries ; Modelling ; Stocks ; Ecosystems ; Community fishing ; Inland waters ; Marine water ; Hydrologic cycle ; Fishermen ; Fishing fleet ; Shrimp fisheries ; Capture fisheries ; Fisheries management ; Trawling ; Artisanal fishing ; Fishing licenses
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Theses and Dissertations , Bachelor thesis
    Format: 234
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Published
    Description: conservation
    Description: produits
    Description: pêche
    Keywords: Conservation ; Fisheries ; Fish products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 17
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 1996
    Description: This thesis addresses the question of how a highly energetic eddy field could be generated in the interior of the ocean away from the swift boundary currents. The energy radiation due to the temporal growth of non-trapped (radiating) disturbances in such a boundary current is thought to be one of the main sources for the described variability. The problem of stability of an energetic current, such as the Gulf Stream, is formulated. The study then focuses on the ability of the current to support radiating instabilities capable of significant penetration into the far-field and their development with time. The conventional model of the Gulf Stream as a zonal current is extended to allow the jet axis to make an angle to a latitude circle. The linear stability of such a nonzonal flow, uniform in the along-jet direction on a beta-plane, is first studied. The stability computations are performed for piece-wise constant and continuous velocity profiles. New stability properties of nonzonal jets are discussed. In particular, the destabilizing effect of the meridional tilt of the jet axis is demonstrated. The radiating properties of nonzonal currents are found to be very different from those of zonal currents. In particular, purely zonal flows do not support radiating instabilities, whereas flows with a meridional component are capable of radiating long and slowly growing waves. The nonlinear terms are then included in the consideration and the effects of the nonlinear interactions on the radiating properties of the solution are studied in detail. For these purposes, the efficient numerical code for solving equation for the QG potential vorticity with open boundary conditions of Orlanski's type is constructed. The results show that even fast growing linear solutions, which are trapped during the linear stage of developement, can radiate energy in the nonlinear regime if the basic current is nonzonal. The radiation starts as soon as the initial fast exponential growth significantly slows. The initial trapping of those solutions is caused by their fast temporal growth. The new mechanism for radiation is related to the nonzonality of a current.
    Description: This work was supported by NSF Grant OCE 9301845.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean circulation ; Rossby waves ; Turbulence ; Eddies ; Electric conductivity
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 18
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 2013
    Description: Two high-resolution mooring arrays extending from the outer shelf to the mid continental slope are used to elucidate shelf-basin exchange at the inflow to and the outflow from the Arctic Ocean. Pacific Water entering the Arctic Ocean forms the Western Arctic shelfbreak current along the Beaufort Sea slope. Data from the mooring array at 152°W—approximately 150 km east of Pt. Barrow, AK—reveals that this current has two distinct states in summer depending on the water mass it transports. When advecting Alaskan Coastal Water it is surface-intensified and both baroclinically and barotropically unstable. This configuration lasts about a month with an average transport of 0.7 Sv. When advecting Chukchi Summer Water the current is bottom-intensified and is only baroclinically unstable. This state also exists for approximately a month with an average transport of 0.6 Sv. The strong mean-to-eddy energy conversion causes both configurations of the current to spin down over a distance of a few hundred kilometers, suggesting that warm Pacific Water does not enter the Canadian Arctic Archipelago via this route. Dense water formed in the Nordic Seas overflows the Denmark Strait and undergoes vortex stretching, forming intense cyclones that propagate along the East Greenland slope. Data from the mooring array at 65°N—roughly 300 km downstream of Denmark Strait—was used to determine the full water column structure of the cyclones. On average a cyclone passes the array every other day in the vicinity of the 900 m isobath, although the depth range of individual cyclones ranges between the 500 m and 1600 m isobaths. The cyclones self-propagate at 0.45 m/s and are also advected by the mean flow of 0.27 m/s, resulting in a total propagation speed of 0.72 m/s. They have a peak azimuthal speed of 0.22 m/s at a radius of 7.8 km and contain overflow water in their core. In the absence of the cyclones, the background flow is dominated by the East Greenland Spill Jet. This is shown to be a year-round feature transporting 2–4 Sv of dense water equatorward along the upper continental slope.
    Description: Financial support for this work was provided by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0726640 and OCE-0612143, by the Arctic Research Initiative at WHOI, by the Y-S Anonymous Fellowship from the Office of the Dean of Graduate Education at MIT, and by WHOI Academic Programs Office funds.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Deep-sea moorings ; Oceanus (Ship : 1975-) Cruise OC369
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © Ecological Society of America, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of Ecological Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecological Applications 23 (2013): 959–971, doi:10.1890/12-0447.1.
    Description: The biological benefits of marine reserves have garnered favor in the conservation community, but “no-take” reserve implementation is complicated by the economic interests of fishery stakeholders. There are now a number of studies examining the conditions under which marine reserves can provide both economic and ecological benefits. A potentially important reality of fishing that these studies overlook is that fishing can damage the habitat of the target stock. Here, we construct an equilibrium bioeconomic model that incorporates this habitat damage and show that the designation of marine reserves, coupled with the implementation of a tax on fishing effort, becomes both biologically and economically favorable as habitat sensitivity increases. We also study the effects of varied degrees of spatial control on fisheries management. Together, our results provide further evidence for the potential monetary and biological value of spatial management, and the possibility of a mutually beneficial resolution to the fisherman–conservationist marine reserve designation dilemma.
    Description: M. G. Neubert acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (DMS-0532378, OCE-1031256) and a Thomas B. Wheeler Award for Ocean Science and Society. H. V. Moeller acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. This research is based in part on work supported by Award No. USA 00002 made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
    Keywords: Bioeconomics ; Destructive fishing practices ; Fisheries ; Habitat damage ; Marine protected areas ; Marine reserves ; Optimal control ; Optimal harvesting ; Spatial management
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 20
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution December 1996
    Description: The transformation of potential vorticity within and stability of nonlinear deep western boundary currents in an idealized tropical ocean are studied using a shallowwater model. Observational evidence indicates that the potential vorticity of fluid parcels in deep western boundary currents must change sign as they cross the equator, but this evidence is otherwise unable to clarify the process. A series of numerical experiments investigate this transformation in a rectangular basin straddling the equator. A mass source located in the northwestern corner feeds fluid into the domain where it is constrained to cross the equator to reach a distributed mass sink. Dissipation is included as momentum diffusion. The Reynolds number, defined as the ratio of the mass source per unit depth to the viscosity, determines the nature of the flow, and a critical value, Rec, divides its possible behavior into two regimes. For Re 〈 Rec, the flow is laminar and well described by linear theory. For Re just above the critical value, the flow is time-dependent, with cyclonic eddies forming in the western boundary current near the equator. For still larger Reynolds number, eddies of both signs emerge and form a complicated, interacting network that extends into the basin several deformation radii from the western boundary, as well as north and south of the equator. The eddy field is established as the mechanism for potential vorticity transformation in nonlinear cross-equatorial flow. The analysis of vorticity fluxes follows from the flux-conservative form of the absolute vorticity equation. It is shown that the zonally integrated meridional flux of vorticity across the equator using no slip boundary conditions is virtually zero even in the strongly nonlinear limit suggesting that the eddies are extremely efficient vorticity transfer agents. A decomposition of the vorticity fluxes into components due to mean advection, eddy transport, and friction, reveals the growth with Reynolds number of a turbulent boundary layer that exchanges vorticity between the inertial portion of the boundary current and a frictional sub-layer where modification is straightforward. A linear stability analysis of the shallow-water system in the tropical ocean examines the initial formation of the eddy field. The formulation assumes that the basic state is purely meridional and on a local f-plane. Realistic western boundary current profiles undergo a horizontal shear instability that is partially stabilized by viscosity. Calculations at several latitudes indicate that the instability is enhanced in the tropics where the internal deformation radius is a maximum. The linear stability analysis predicts a length scale of the disturbance, a location for its origin, and a critical Reynolds number that agree well with numerical results.
    Description: Financial support for this research was provided by NSF grant number OCE- 9115915 and ONR ASSERT grant number N00014-94-1-0844.
    Keywords: Ocean currents ; Ocean circulation
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 21
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 1996
    Description: This thesis addresses the issue, "Which approach to instabilities-temporal, spatial or pulse theory- is the most appropriate model for the Gulf Stream?" I also address the question of how the observations might be compared to theory. This thesis consists of two closely related parts: analytical studies that compare the three types of instability using the same realistic velocity and topography profiles; and numerical modeling that uses a continuous forcing function to examine the three types of theory in the direct context of the Gulf Stream.
    Description: My first three years in the Joint Program were supported by the National Science Foundation under grant OCE-9011066 and last two and half years under NSF grant OCE-9314140.
    Keywords: Ocean currents
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
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  • 22
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The 2012 GFD Program theme was Coherent structures with Professors Jeffrey Weiss of the University of Colorado at Boulder and Edgar Knobloch of the University of California at Berkeley serving as principal lecturers. Together they introduced the audience in the cottage and on the porch to a fascinating mixture of models, mathematics and applications. Deep insights snaked through the whole summer, as the principal lecturers stayed on to participate in the traditional debates and contributed stoutly to the supervision of the fellows. The first ten chapters of this volume document these lectures, each prepared by pairs of the summer's GFD fellows. Following the principal lecture notes are the written reports of the fellows' own research projects. In 2012, the Sears Public Lecture was delivered by Professor Howard Bluestein, of the University of Oklahoma on the topic of "Probing tornadoes with mobile doppler radars". The topic was particularly suitable for the summer's theme: a tornado is a special examples of a vortex, perhaps the mother of all coherent structures in fluid dynamics. Howie "Cb" showed how modern and innovative measurement techniques can yield valuable information about the formation and evolution of tornadoes, as well as truly amazing images.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-09-10844 and the National Science Foundation under Contract No. OCE-0824636.
    Keywords: Tornadoes ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 23
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    Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino | Madrid (Espagne)
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Description du secteur de la pêche Avec la Mauritanie, le Sénégal est de loin le plus grand producteur de produits de pêche de la sous région. Avec 718 km de cote et un territoire maritime de 198km2, 15 745 km2 de superficie fluviale, 2 estuaires, des mangroves et un lac de 350km2, le Sénégal possède tous les atouts des plus grands producteurs de pêche. Le potentiel annuel de captures s’élève à 500 000 tonnes. Le secteur a subi une croissance spectaculaire ces trente dernières années : les débarquements sont passés 50 000 tonnes en 1965 à plus de 450 000 en 1997. Le secteur se compose principalement de deux sous-secteurs : la pêche industrielle et la pêche traditionnelle ou artisanale. Cette dernière, vielle de plusieurs siècles a su s’adapter et se moderniser au cours des dernières décennies. La flotte de pêche artisanale est dynamique et diversifiée ; selon les estimations, en 2005 il y avait plus de 13 000 pirogues. La pêche artisanale se concentre dans sept régions maritimes et fluviales du pays: Dakar, Thiès, Saint Louis, Fatick, Zinguinchor, Louga et Kaolack. Le port de Kayar dans la région de Thiès correspond à la principale zone de débarquement de la pêche artisanale avec environ 70% des débarquements. Dans le secteur industriel, les pêcheurs travaillent à bord d’une flottille de petits sardiniers, de 143 chalutiers destinés à la pêche d’espèces demersales, de 3 sardiniers et de 42 thoniers. Alors que le Sénégal domine largement le sous-secteur demersale avec 70% des chalutiers opérants, le pays ne possède que 6 thoniers contre 38 étrangers, dont une partie seulement des captures est débarquée au Sénégal. La pêche industrielle est concentrée autour de la capitale dans le Port autonome de Dakar et des ports secondaires de Saint Louis, Kaolack et Ziguinchor. Aujourd’hui, le secteur de la pêche sénégalaise est largement dominé par la pêche artisanale, qui constituait 90% des cargaisons totales des produits de la mer en 2006 avec 350 000 tonnes. Plus de 60% des produits de la pêche artisanale sont destinés à l’exportation et la transformation. En 2006, le secteur dans son ensemble représentait 9% du PIB du secteur primaire, 1.5% du PIB total, et 1/3 des devises étrangères (250 millions de dollars par an). Plus importante que le poids économique du secteur, est son poids social : la pêche génère indirectement 600 000 emplois, dont 67% au sein du secteur artisanal. En outre, les produits de la pêche comblent les besoins en protéines animales de la population sénégalaise à hauteur de 75%1. La pêche a connu une expansion spectaculaire au cours des dernières décennies grâce à l’impulsion de politiques publiques de développement basées sur une logique sectorielle productiviste. Une flotte nationale artisanale et industrielle a été progressivement mise en place ainsi que de fortes capacités de transformation industrielle. Cet engagement de l’Etat a ensuite connu un net ralentissement du fait, entre autre, des politiques d’ajustement structurel. Le renchérissement des coûts de production subséquents à la dévaluation du franc CFA en 1994 a lourdement affecté les pêcheurs. Parallèlement, avec la forte demande en produits halieutiques et en l’absence de politiques adéquates et cohérentes de gestion durable des ressources exploitables, une situation de surexploitation des ressources halieutiques s’est installée. En conséquence de la raréfaction des ressources halieutiques, la pêche sénégalaise traverse une crise sans précédent, dont les effets commencent à se faire sentir à tous les niveaux : appauvrissement des communautés de pêcheurs, menace de l’approvisionnement en poisson des populations, baisse des captures à haute valeur ajoutée, baisse des exportations, baisse de la rentabilité et des revenus des unités de pêche. Par ailleurs, de plus en plus d’établissements de transformation industrielle ferment (23 entreprises entre 1999 et 2006).
    Description: Ministerio de Medio Ambiente Y Medio Rural y Marino
    Description: Pablo Manuel Xandri Royo CTP Proyecto (INT/07/16M/SPA) Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del Convenio de Colaboración entre el actual Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino de España y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo de 28 de diciembre de 2007
    Description: Published
    Description: environnement; socio-économie; pêche; capture; débarquement; engin de pêche; femme; pêcheur; convention internationale; réglementation
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Capture fisheries ; Landing statistics ; Fishing gear ; Women ; Fishermen ; Conventions ; Fishery regulations
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed
    Format: 208
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Programme KURUKAN FUGAN (Union Européenne/Gouvernement du Sénégal/EndaGraf/GRET)
    Description: Published
    Description: politique de pêche; environnement marin; socio-économie; co-gestion; aquaculture; pêche artisanale; pêche industrielle; pêcherie; ONG; AMP; ressource halieutique; organisations professionnelles
    Keywords: Marine environment ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture ; Artisanal fishing ; Fisheries ; Industrial fish ; Fishery resources ; Fishing policy ; Protected areas ; Professionals
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 26
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: En la época colonial algunas especies de peces cubanos retienen sus nombres por los cuales eran conocidos por los aborígenes: biajaca, biajaiba, cojinúa, jiguagua, cibí. Aún hoy se designan de igual forma. En esta época aparece la primera obra científica impresa en Cuba, los primeros pueblos pescadores y los primeros científicos.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Published
    Description: especies nativas
    Description: pesca
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indigenous species ; Indigenous fishing
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Recuento en forma breve de las pesquerías de estas especies durante varios siglos, en los cuales los sabios Parra y Felipe Poey ofrecen descripciones. Precios, lugares de captura y pescadores son los protagonistas.
    Description: Published
    Description: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Description: pez espada
    Description: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Description: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-09-18
    Description: Causas del descenso en las pesquerías de estas especies a partir de 1975. Se describen las técnicas y artes de pesca empleadas y se abunda en la complejidad de las capturas y las características de los palangres empleados para cada especie. Una comparación es establecida además con países del área. De forma muy didáctica e instructiva.
    Description: Published
    Description: castero-Makaira nigricans
    Description: Emperador-Xiphias gladius
    Description: aguja blanca-Tetrapturus albidus
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Non-Refereed , Article
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  • 30
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The theme for the Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics for the summer of 2011 was Shear Turbulence: onset and structure. Ten days of principal lectures by FabianWale e and Rich Kerswell began the summer, and a large number of seminars on this and a variety of other topics then continued through the eighth week. These lectures are presented in these Proceedings and form (we believe) the most complete, connected account of this subject) Eleven fellows from around the globe helped to record the principal lectures, and each carried out a project of his/her own, presented in seminar during the tenth and nal week. All these lectures and projects are also presented in this Proceedings volume. The further seminars presented throughout the summer by visitors and (in some cases) by GFD faculty are also listed here. The popular Sears Lecture was given by L. Mahadevan. The title was On growth and form: geometry, physics and biology. It was indeed popular, drawing a large and enthusiastic audience.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-0824636 and the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-09-10844
    Keywords: Ocean waves ; Ocean circulation ; Fluid dynamics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-07-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walker, Cameron -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jul 4;499(7456):115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23841144" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Authorship ; Biodiversity ; Congresses as Topic ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Ecology/education ; *Education, Graduate ; Fisheries ; *Group Processes ; International Cooperation ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Research Personnel/*education ; Research Report ; Statistics as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, Dennis -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 3;340(6132):546-7. doi: 10.1126/science.340.6132.546.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641089" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquaculture ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Bays ; *Earthquakes ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; Geologic Sediments ; Japan ; Pacific Ocean ; *Tsunamis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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