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  • Mice, Inbred C57BL  (73)
  • Cell Line
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (106)
  • Springer Nature
  • 2010-2014  (106)
  • 2012  (106)
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  • 2010-2014  (106)
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  • 1
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    Myocardial infarction accelerates atherosclerosis (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Description: During progression of atherosclerosis, myeloid cells destabilize lipid-rich plaques in the arterial wall and cause their rupture, thus triggering myocardial infarction and stroke. Survivors of acute coronary syndromes have a high risk of recurrent events for unknown reasons. Here we show that the systemic response to ischaemic injury aggravates chronic atherosclerosis. After myocardial infarction or stroke, Apoe-/- mice developed larger atherosclerotic lesions with a more advanced morphology. This disease acceleration persisted over many weeks and was associated with markedly increased monocyte recruitment. Seeking the source of surplus monocytes in plaques, we found that myocardial infarction liberated haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from bone marrow niches via sympathetic nervous system signalling. The progenitors then seeded the spleen, yielding a sustained boost in monocyte production. These observations provide new mechanistic insight into atherogenesis and provide a novel therapeutic opportunity to mitigate disease progression.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401326/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401326/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dutta, Partha -- Courties, Gabriel -- Wei, Ying -- Leuschner, Florian -- Gorbatov, Rostic -- Robbins, Clinton S -- Iwamoto, Yoshiko -- Thompson, Brian -- Carlson, Alicia L -- Heidt, Timo -- Majmudar, Maulik D -- Lasitschka, Felix -- Etzrodt, Martin -- Waterman, Peter -- Waring, Michael T -- Chicoine, Adam T -- van der Laan, Anja M -- Niessen, Hans W M -- Piek, Jan J -- Rubin, Barry B -- Butany, Jagdish -- Stone, James R -- Katus, Hugo A -- Murphy, Sabina A -- Morrow, David A -- Sabatine, Marc S -- Vinegoni, Claudio -- Moskowitz, Michael A -- Pittet, Mikael J -- Libby, Peter -- Lin, Charles P -- Swirski, Filip K -- Weissleder, Ralph -- Nahrendorf, Matthias -- P50-CA086355/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI084880/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 EB006432/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL095612/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL095629/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096576/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-EB006432/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL095629/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01-HL096576/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA079443/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA79443/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jul 19;487(7407):325-9. doi: 10.1038/nature11260.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22763456" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics ; Atherosclerosis/*etiology/*pathology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology ; Inflammation/complications ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Monocytes/cytology ; Myocardial Infarction/*complications/*pathology ; Spleen/cytology ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-03-27
    Description: The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic showed the speed with which a novel respiratory virus can spread and the ability of a generally mild infection to induce severe morbidity and mortality in a subset of the population. Recent in vitro studies show that the interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein family members potently restrict the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses. Both the magnitude and breadth of the IFITM proteins' in vitro effects suggest that they are critical for intrinsic resistance to such viruses, including influenza viruses. Using a knockout mouse model, we now test this hypothesis directly and find that IFITM3 is essential for defending the host against influenza A virus in vivo. Mice lacking Ifitm3 display fulminant viral pneumonia when challenged with a normally low-pathogenicity influenza virus, mirroring the destruction inflicted by the highly pathogenic 1918 'Spanish' influenza. Similar increased viral replication is seen in vitro, with protection rescued by the re-introduction of Ifitm3. To test the role of IFITM3 in human influenza virus infection, we assessed the IFITM3 alleles of individuals hospitalized with seasonal or pandemic influenza H1N1/09 viruses. We find that a statistically significant number of hospitalized subjects show enrichment for a minor IFITM3 allele (SNP rs12252-C) that alters a splice acceptor site, and functional assays show the minor CC genotype IFITM3 has reduced influenza virus restriction in vitro. Together these data reveal that the action of a single intrinsic immune effector, IFITM3, profoundly alters the course of influenza virus infection in mouse and humans.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648786/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3648786/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Everitt, Aaron R -- Clare, Simon -- Pertel, Thomas -- John, Sinu P -- Wash, Rachael S -- Smith, Sarah E -- Chin, Christopher R -- Feeley, Eric M -- Sims, Jennifer S -- Adams, David J -- Wise, Helen M -- Kane, Leanne -- Goulding, David -- Digard, Paul -- Anttila, Verneri -- Baillie, J Kenneth -- Walsh, Tim S -- Hume, David A -- Palotie, Aarno -- Xue, Yali -- Colonna, Vincenza -- Tyler-Smith, Chris -- Dunning, Jake -- Gordon, Stephen B -- GenISIS Investigators -- MOSAIC Investigators -- Smyth, Rosalind L -- Openshaw, Peter J -- Dougan, Gordon -- Brass, Abraham L -- Kellam, Paul -- 090382/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090382/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090385/Z/09/Z/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 13031/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- DHCS/04/G121/68/Department of Health/United Kingdom -- G0600371/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0600511/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800767/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0800777/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0802752/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0901697/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1000758/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_G1001212/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U122785833/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P30 DK043351/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI091786/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01AI091786/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 25;484(7395):519-23. doi: 10.1038/nature10921.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cytokines/immunology ; England/epidemiology ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/classification/growth & development/*pathogenicity ; Influenza B virus/classification/growth & development/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/complications/epidemiology/mortality/virology ; Leukocytes/immunology ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/complications/*mortality/pathology ; Pneumonia, Viral/etiology/pathology/prevention & control ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Scotland/epidemiology ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Sustained translational repression by eIF2alpha-P mediates prion neurodegeneration (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-25
    Description: The mechanisms leading to neuronal death in neurodegenerative disease are poorly understood. Many of these disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases, are associated with the accumulation of misfolded disease-specific proteins. The unfolded protein response is a protective cellular mechanism triggered by rising levels of misfolded proteins. One arm of this pathway results in the transient shutdown of protein translation, through phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor, eIF2. Activation of the unfolded protein response and/or increased eIF2alpha-P levels are seen in patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases, but how this links to neurodegeneration is unknown. Here we show that accumulation of prion protein during prion replication causes persistent translational repression of global protein synthesis by eIF2alpha-P, associated with synaptic failure and neuronal loss in prion-diseased mice. Further, we show that promoting translational recovery in hippocampi of prion-infected mice is neuroprotective. Overexpression of GADD34, a specific eIF2alpha-P phosphatase, as well as reduction of levels of prion protein by lentivirally mediated RNA interference, reduced eIF2alpha-P levels. As a result, both approaches restored vital translation rates during prion disease, rescuing synaptic deficits and neuronal loss, thereby significantly increasing survival. In contrast, salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2alpha-P dephosphorylation, increased eIF2alpha-P levels, exacerbating neurotoxicity and significantly reducing survival in prion-diseased mice. Given the prevalence of protein misfolding and activation of the unfolded protein response in several neurodegenerative diseases, our results suggest that manipulation of common pathways such as translational control, rather than disease-specific approaches, may lead to new therapies preventing synaptic failure and neuronal loss across the spectrum of these disorders.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378208/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3378208/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moreno, Julie A -- Radford, Helois -- Peretti, Diego -- Steinert, Joern R -- Verity, Nicholas -- Martin, Maria Guerra -- Halliday, Mark -- Morgan, Jason -- Dinsdale, David -- Ortori, Catherine A -- Barrett, David A -- Tsaytler, Pavel -- Bertolotti, Anne -- Willis, Anne E -- Bushell, Martin -- Mallucci, Giovanna R -- MC_U105185860/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U123160654/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U132692719/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A600_1023/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_UP_A600_1024/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1051.02.011.00001.01 (85860)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 6;485(7399):507-11. doi: 10.1038/nature11058.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622579" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cinnamates/pharmacology ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2/analysis/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism/pathology ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Neurons/drug effects/pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Phosphoproteins/analysis/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; PrPSc Proteins/analysis/metabolism/toxicity ; Prion Diseases/pathology ; Prions/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects ; Protein Folding/drug effects ; Protein Phosphatase 1/genetics/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*metabolism ; Synapses/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Thiourea/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Unfolded Protein Response/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Autistic-like social behaviour in Shank2-mutant mice improved by restoring NMDA receptor function (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. ASD is a highly heritable disorder involving various genetic determinants. Shank2 (also known as ProSAP1) is a multi-domain scaffolding protein and signalling adaptor enriched at excitatory neuronal synapses, and mutations in the human SHANK2 gene have recently been associated with ASD and intellectual disability. Although ASD-associated genes are being increasingly identified and studied using various approaches, including mouse genetics, further efforts are required to delineate important causal mechanisms with the potential for therapeutic application. Here we show that Shank2-mutant (Shank2(-/-)) mice carrying a mutation identical to the ASD-associated microdeletion in the human SHANK2 gene exhibit ASD-like behaviours including reduced social interaction, reduced social communication by ultrasonic vocalizations, and repetitive jumping. These mice show a marked decrease in NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamate receptor (NMDAR) function. Direct stimulation of NMDARs with D-cycloserine, a partial agonist of NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and improves social interaction in Shank2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment of Shank2(-/-) mice with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which enhances NMDAR function via mGluR5 activation, also normalizes NMDAR function and markedly enhances social interaction. These results suggest that reduced NMDAR function may contribute to the development of ASD-like phenotypes in Shank2(-/-) mice, and mGluR modulation of NMDARs offers a potential strategy to treat ASD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Won, Hyejung -- Lee, Hye-Ryeon -- Gee, Heon Yung -- Mah, Won -- Kim, Jae-Ick -- Lee, Jiseok -- Ha, Seungmin -- Chung, Changuk -- Jung, Eun Suk -- Cho, Yi Sul -- Park, Sae-Geun -- Lee, Jung-Soo -- Lee, Kyungmin -- Kim, Daesoo -- Bae, Yong Chul -- Kaang, Bong-Kiun -- Lee, Min Goo -- Kim, Eunjoon -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):261-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; *Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology ; Benzamides/*pharmacology ; Cycloserine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*agonists/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    The aged niche disrupts muscle stem cell quiescence (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-02
    Description: The niche is a conserved regulator of stem cell quiescence and function. During ageing, stem cell function declines. To what extent and by what means age-related changes within the niche contribute to this phenomenon are unknown. Here we demonstrate that the aged muscle stem cell niche, the muscle fibre, expresses Fgf2 under homeostatic conditions, driving a subset of satellite cells to break quiescence and lose their self-renewing capacity. We show in mice that relatively dormant aged satellite cells robustly express sprouty 1 (Spry1), an inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. Increasing FGF signalling in aged satellite cells under homeostatic conditions by removing Spry1 results in the loss of quiescence, satellite cell depletion and diminished regenerative capacity. Conversely, reducing niche-derived FGF activity through inhibition of Fgfr1 signalling or overexpression of Spry1 in satellite cells prevents their depletion. These experiments identify an age-dependent change in the stem cell niche that directly influences stem cell quiescence and function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605795/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605795/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chakkalakal, Joe V -- Jones, Kieran M -- Basson, M Albert -- Brack, Andrew S -- 091475/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/F017626/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- R01 AR060868/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AR061002/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- WT091475/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 18;490(7420):355-60. doi: 10.1038/nature11438. Epub 2012 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center of Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Count ; *Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Homeostasis ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muscle Cells/*cytology ; Muscle, Skeletal/cytology ; PAX7 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/*cytology/metabolism/transplantation ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cell Niche/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Melanomas resist T-cell therapy through inflammation-induced reversible dedifferentiation (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-12
    Description: Adoptive cell transfer therapies (ACTs) with cytotoxic T cells that target melanocytic antigens can achieve remissions in patients with metastatic melanomas, but tumours frequently relapse. Hypotheses explaining the acquired resistance to ACTs include the selection of antigen-deficient tumour cell variants and the induction of T-cell tolerance. However, the lack of appropriate experimental melanoma models has so far impeded clear insights into the underlying mechanisms. Here we establish an effective ACT protocol in a genetically engineered mouse melanoma model that recapitulates tumour regression, remission and relapse as seen in patients. We report the unexpected observation that melanomas acquire ACT resistance through an inflammation-induced reversible loss of melanocytic antigens. In serial transplantation experiments, melanoma cells switch between a differentiated and a dedifferentiated phenotype in response to T-cell-driven inflammatory stimuli. We identified the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha as a crucial factor that directly caused reversible dedifferentiation of mouse and human melanoma cells. Tumour cells exposed to TNF-alpha were poorly recognized by T cells specific for melanocytic antigens, whereas recognition by T cells specific for non-melanocytic antigens was unaffected or even increased. Our results demonstrate that the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells in an inflammatory microenvironment contributes to tumour relapse after initially successful T-cell immunotherapy. On the basis of our work, we propose that future ACT protocols should simultaneously target melanocytic and non-melanocytic antigens to ensure broad recognition of both differentiated and dedifferentiated melanoma cells, and include strategies to sustain T-cell effector functions by blocking immune-inhibitory mechanisms in the tumour microenvironment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landsberg, Jennifer -- Kohlmeyer, Judith -- Renn, Marcel -- Bald, Tobias -- Rogava, Meri -- Cron, Mira -- Fatho, Martina -- Lennerz, Volker -- Wolfel, Thomas -- Holzel, Michael -- Tuting, Thomas -- England -- Nature. 2012 Oct 18;490(7420):412-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11538. Epub 2012 Oct 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23051752" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; *Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy ; Inflammation/immunology/*pathology ; Melanoma/immunology/metabolism/*pathology/*therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/*transplantation ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology/pharmacology ; gp100 Melanoma Antigen/metabolism
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  • 7
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    Nonlinear dendritic integration of sensory and motor input during an active sensing task (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-13
    Description: Active dendrites provide neurons with powerful processing capabilities. However, little is known about the role of neuronal dendrites in behaviourally related circuit computations. Here we report that a novel global dendritic nonlinearity is involved in the integration of sensory and motor information within layer 5 pyramidal neurons during an active sensing behaviour. Layer 5 pyramidal neurons possess elaborate dendritic arborizations that receive functionally distinct inputs, each targeted to spatially separate regions. At the cellular level, coincident input from these segregated pathways initiates regenerative dendritic electrical events that produce bursts of action potential output and circuits featuring this powerful dendritic nonlinearity can implement computations based on input correlation. To examine this in vivo we recorded dendritic activity in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the barrel cortex using two-photon calcium imaging in mice performing an object-localization task. Large-amplitude, global calcium signals were observed throughout the apical tuft dendrites when active touch occurred at particular object locations or whisker angles. Such global calcium signals are produced by dendritic plateau potentials that require both vibrissal sensory input and primary motor cortex activity. These data provide direct evidence of nonlinear dendritic processing of correlated sensory and motor information in the mammalian neocortex during active sensation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, Ning-long -- Harnett, Mark T -- Williams, Stephen R -- Huber, Daniel -- O'Connor, Daniel H -- Svoboda, Karel -- Magee, Jeffrey C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 13;492(7428):247-51. doi: 10.1038/nature11601. Epub 2012 Nov 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dendrites/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Activity/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology ; Sensation/*physiology ; Signal Transduction
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Site-specific DICER and DROSHA RNA products control the DNA-damage response (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in an increasingly recognized number of cellular events. Some ncRNAs are processed by DICER and DROSHA RNases to give rise to small double-stranded RNAs involved in RNA interference (RNAi). The DNA-damage response (DDR) is a signalling pathway that originates from a DNA lesion and arrests cell proliferation3. So far, DICER and DROSHA RNA products have not been reported to control DDR activation. Here we show, in human, mouse and zebrafish, that DICER and DROSHA, but not downstream elements of the RNAi pathway, are necessary to activate the DDR upon exogenous DNA damage and oncogene-induced genotoxic stress, as studied by DDR foci formation and by checkpoint assays. DDR foci are sensitive to RNase A treatment, and DICER- and DROSHA-dependent RNA products are required to restore DDR foci in RNase-A-treated cells. Through RNA deep sequencing and the study of DDR activation at a single inducible DNA double-strand break, we demonstrate that DDR foci formation requires site-specific DICER- and DROSHA-dependent small RNAs, named DDRNAs, which act in a MRE11-RAD50-NBS1-complex-dependent manner (MRE11 also known as MRE11A; NBS1 also known as NBN). DDRNAs, either chemically synthesized or in vitro generated by DICER cleavage, are sufficient to restore the DDR in RNase-A-treated cells, also in the absence of other cellular RNAs. Our results describe an unanticipated direct role of a novel class of ncRNAs in the control of DDR activation at sites of DNA damage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442236/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442236/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Francia, Sofia -- Michelini, Flavia -- Saxena, Alka -- Tang, Dave -- de Hoon, Michiel -- Anelli, Viviana -- Mione, Marina -- Carninci, Piero -- d'Adda di Fagagna, Fabrizio -- GGP08183/Telethon/Italy -- England -- Nature. 2012 Aug 9;488(7410):231-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11179.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉IFOM Foundation - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722852" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Damage/*genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Ribonuclease III/*genetics ; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Substrate Specificity/genetics ; Zebrafish/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Resurrection of endogenous retroviruses in antibody-deficient mice (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-30
    Description: The mammalian host has developed a long-standing symbiotic relationship with a considerable number of microbial species. These include the microbiota on environmental surfaces, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and also endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), comprising a substantial fraction of the mammalian genome. The long-term consequences for the host of interactions with these microbial species can range from mutualism to parasitism and are not always completely understood. The potential effect of one microbial symbiont on another is even less clear. Here we study the control of ERVs in the commonly used C57BL/6 (B6) mouse strain, which lacks endogenous murine leukaemia viruses (MLVs) able to replicate in murine cells. We demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of fully infectious ecotropic MLV in B6 mice with a range of distinct immune deficiencies affecting antibody production. These recombinant retroviruses establish infection of immunodeficient mouse colonies, and ultimately result in retrovirus-induced lymphomas. Notably, ERV activation in immunodeficient mice is prevented in husbandry conditions associated with reduced or absent intestinal microbiota. Our results shed light onto a previously unappreciated role for immunity in the control of ERVs and provide a potential mechanistic link between immune activation by microbial triggers and a range of pathologies associated with ERVs, including cancer.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511586/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3511586/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Young, George R -- Eksmond, Urszula -- Salcedo, Rosalba -- Alexopoulou, Lena -- Stoye, Jonathan P -- Kassiotis, George -- MC_U117512710/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- MC_U117581330/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1175.02.005.00005(60891)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U.1175.02.006.00007(81330)/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117512710/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- U117581330/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Nov 29;491(7426):774-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11599. Epub 2012 Oct 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London NW7 1AA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/*biosynthesis/immunology ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics/growth & development/immunology/*physiology ; Female ; Immunocompromised Host/*immunology ; Leukemia/virology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics/growth & development/immunology/physiology ; Lymphoma/virology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency/genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Viremia/immunology/virology ; *Virus Activation
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    PPAR-gamma is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Obesity and type-2 diabetes have increased markedly over the past few decades, in parallel. One of the major links between these two disorders is chronic, low-grade inflammation. Prolonged nutrient excess promotes the accumulation and activation of leukocytes in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and ultimately other tissues, leading to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and fatty-liver disease. Although invasion of VAT by pro-inflammatory macrophages is considered to be a key event driving adipose-tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, little is known about the roles of other immune system cell types in these processes. A unique population of VAT-resident regulatory T (Treg) cells was recently implicated in control of the inflammatory state of adipose tissue and, thereby, insulin sensitivity. Here we identify peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, the 'master regulator' of adipocyte differentiation, as a crucial molecular orchestrator of VAT Treg cell accumulation, phenotype and function. Unexpectedly, PPAR-gamma expression by VAT Treg cells was necessary for complete restoration of insulin sensitivity in obese mice by the thiazolidinedione drug pioglitazone. These findings suggest a previously unknown cellular mechanism for this important class of thiazolidinedione drugs, and provide proof-of-principle that discrete populations of Treg cells with unique functions can be precisely targeted to therapeutic ends.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387339/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387339/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cipolletta, Daniela -- Feuerer, Markus -- Li, Amy -- Kamei, Nozomu -- Lee, Jongsoon -- Shoelson, Steven E -- Benoist, Christophe -- Mathis, Diane -- DK092541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK51729/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P30DK36836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK051729/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK092541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK092541-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R37 DK051729/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 28;486(7404):549-53. doi: 10.1038/nature11132.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22722857" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/*cytology/immunology/pathology ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Epididymis/cytology/immunology ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/metabolism/pathology ; PPAR gamma/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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