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  • *Ecosystem  (97)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (97)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 2010-2014  (97)
  • 1955-1959
  • 2012  (97)
Collection
Keywords
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  • 2010-2014  (97)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
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    Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-23
    Description: Policies to reduce emissions from deforestation would benefit from clearly derived, spatially explicit, statistically bounded estimates of carbon emissions. Existing efforts derive carbon impacts of land-use change using broad assumptions, unreliable data, or both. We improve on this approach using satellite observations of gross forest cover loss and a map of forest carbon stocks to estimate gross carbon emissions across tropical regions between 2000 and 2005 as 0.81 petagram of carbon per year, with a 90% prediction interval of 0.57 to 1.22 petagrams of carbon per year. This estimate is 25 to 50% of recently published estimates. By systematically matching areas of forest loss with their carbon stocks before clearing, these results serve as a more accurate benchmark for monitoring global progress on reducing emissions from deforestation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harris, Nancy L -- Brown, Sandra -- Hagen, Stephen C -- Saatchi, Sassan S -- Petrova, Silvia -- Salas, William -- Hansen, Matthew C -- Potapov, Peter V -- Lotsch, Alexander -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1573-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1217962.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ecosystem Services Unit, Winrock International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. nharris@winrock.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22723420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa South of the Sahara ; Asia ; Biomass ; *Carbon ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Developing Countries ; *Ecosystem ; Latin America ; Monte Carlo Method ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Soil ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Conservation concerns in the deep (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hartmann, Aaron C -- Levin, Lisa A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):668-9. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.668-a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582242" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms ; *Ecosystem ; *Seawater
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Ecology. Biodiversity and ecosystem function (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Midgley, Guy F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 13;335(6065):174-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1217245.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate Change and Bioadaptation, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Rhodes Drive, Cape Town 7735, South Africa. g.midgley@sanbi.org.za〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22246761" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Plants
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Comment on "Global resilience of tropical forest and savanna to critical transitions" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Hirota et al. (Reports, 14 October 2011, p. 232) used spatial data to show that grasslands, savannas, and forests represent opposing stable states. Reanalyzing their data and drawing from temporal studies, we argue that spatial analyses underestimate the bistability of grasslands and savannas due to limitations of substituting space for time. We propose that temporal and spatial data are needed to predict critical transitions between grasslands and savannas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ratajczak, Zak -- Nippert, Jesse B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):541; author reply 541. doi: 10.1126/science.1219346.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 116 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. zarata@ksu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556235" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Ecosystem ; *Trees ; *Tropical Climate
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Antarctic Treaty System ready for a challenge (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Haward, Marcus -- Jabour, Julia -- Press, A J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):603. doi: 10.1126/science.338.6107.603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Humans
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Invasive species. Researchers set course to blockade ballast invaders (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strain, Daniel -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 11;336(6082):664-5. doi: 10.1126/science.336.6082.664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582239" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Lakes ; *Seawater ; *Ships ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Comment on "Conspecific negative density dependence and forest diversity" (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-01
    Description: Johnson and colleagues (Reports, 18 May 2012, p. 904) claim that conspecific negative density dependence is a pervasive mechanism driving forest diversity, especially for rare tree species. We show that their results are due to a statistical bias in their analysis caused by the exclusion of joint absences.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dickie, Ian A -- Hurst, Jennifer M -- Bellingham, Peter J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):469; author reply 469. doi: 10.1126/science.1225520.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Landcare Research, Lincoln, 7640 New Zealand. dickiei@landcareresearch.co.nz〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23112313" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; *Ecosystem ; *Trees
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Ecology. Amazonian extinction debts (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rangel, Thiago F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jul 13;337(6091):162-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1224819.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goias, CxP. 131, Goiania, Goias, Brazil 74970-001. thiagorangel@icb.ufg.br〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Trees ; *Vertebrates
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Detecting causality in complex ecosystems (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-09-22
    Description: Identifying causal networks is important for effective policy and management recommendations on climate, epidemiology, financial regulation, and much else. We introduce a method, based on nonlinear state space reconstruction, that can distinguish causality from correlation. It extends to nonseparable weakly connected dynamic systems (cases not covered by the current Granger causality paradigm). The approach is illustrated both by simple models (where, in contrast to the real world, we know the underlying equations/relations and so can check the validity of our method) and by application to real ecological systems, including the controversial sardine-anchovy-temperature problem.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sugihara, George -- May, Robert -- Ye, Hao -- Hsieh, Chih-hao -- Deyle, Ethan -- Fogarty, Michael -- Munch, Stephan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Oct 26;338(6106):496-500. doi: 10.1126/science.1227079. Epub 2012 Sep 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. gsugihara@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997134" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Causality ; Ciliophora ; *Ecosystem ; *Models, Statistical ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Paramecium
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Impacts of biodiversity loss escalate through time as redundancy fades (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-05
    Description: Plant diversity generally promotes biomass production, but how the shape of the response curve changes with time remains unclear. This is a critical knowledge gap because the shape of this relationship indicates the extent to which loss of the first few species will influence biomass production. Using two long-term (〉/=13 years) biodiversity experiments, we show that the effects of diversity on biomass productivity increased and became less saturating over time. Our analyses suggest that effects of diversity-dependent ecosystem feedbacks and interspecific complementarity accumulate over time, causing high-diversity species combinations that appeared functionally redundant during early years to become more functionally unique through time. Consequently, simplification of diverse ecosystems will likely have greater negative impacts on ecosystem functioning than has been suggested by short-term experiments.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Reich, Peter B -- Tilman, David -- Isbell, Forest -- Mueller, Kevin -- Hobbie, Sarah E -- Flynn, Dan F B -- Eisenhauer, Nico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 May 4;336(6081):589-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1217909.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22556253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biodiversity ; Biomass ; *Ecosystem ; Fabaceae/growth & development ; Minnesota ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Plant Development ; *Plants ; *Poaceae/growth & development ; Soil/chemistry ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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