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  • Public Library of Science  (15,466)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (14,732)
  • 2010-2014  (30,198)
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  • 1
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    Deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystem research during the Census of Marine Life decade and beyond : a proposed deep-ocean road map (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e23259, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023259.
    Description: The ChEss project of the Census of Marine Life (2002–2010) helped foster internationally-coordinated studies worldwide focusing on exploration for, and characterization of new deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystem sites. This work has advanced our understanding of the nature and factors controlling the biogeography and biodiversity of these ecosystems in four geographic locations: the Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), the New Zealand region, the Arctic and Antarctic and the SE Pacific off Chile. In the AEB, major discoveries include hydrothermal seeps on the Costa Rica margin, deepest vents found on the Mid-Cayman Rise and the hottest vents found on the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was also shown that the major fracture zones on the MAR do not create barriers for the dispersal but may act as trans-Atlantic conduits for larvae. In New Zealand, investigations of a newly found large cold-seep area suggest that this region may be a new biogeographic province. In the Arctic, the newly discovered sites on the Mohns Ridge (71°N) showed extensive mats of sulfur-oxidisng bacteria, but only one gastropod potentially bears chemosynthetic symbionts, while cold seeps on the Haakon Mossby Mud Volcano (72°N) are dominated by siboglinid worms. In the Antarctic region, the first hydrothermal vents south of the Polar Front were located and biological results indicate that they may represent a new biogeographic province. The recent exploration of the South Pacific region has provided evidence for a sediment hosted hydrothermal source near a methane-rich cold-seep area. Based on our 8 years of investigations of deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystems worldwide, we suggest highest priorities for future research: (i) continued exploration of the deep-ocean ridge-crest; (ii) increased focus on anthropogenic impacts; (iii) concerted effort to coordinate a major investigation of the deep South Pacific Ocean – the largest contiguous habitat for life within Earth's biosphere, but also the world's least investigated deep-ocean basin.
    Description: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for the ChEss-Census of Marine Life programme (2002–2010) and the SYNDEEP synthesis project (2009–2010) (www.coml.org). Fondation Total for the ChEss synthesis phase and SYNDEEP synthesis project (2007–2010) (http://fondation.total.com/). Petersen Fellowship in IFM-GEOMAR to CRG.
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  • 2
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    Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of barnacle larval settlement : a comparative transcriptomic approach (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e22913, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022913.
    Description: The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is a globally distributed biofouler and a model species in intertidal ecology and larval settlement studies. However, a lack of genomic information has hindered the comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms coordinating its larval settlement. The pyrosequencing-based transcriptomic approach is thought to be useful to identify key molecular changes during larval settlement. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we collected totally 630,845 reads including 215,308 from the larval stages and 415,537 from the adults; 23,451 contigs were generated while 77,785 remained as singletons. We annotated 31,720 of the 92,322 predicted open reading frames, which matched hits in the NCBI NR database, and identified 7,954 putative genes that were differentially expressed between the larval and adult stages. Of these, several genes were further characterized with quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, revealing some key findings: 1) vitellogenin was uniquely expressed in late nauplius stage, suggesting it may be an energy source for the subsequent non-feeding cyprid stage; 2) the locations of mannose receptors suggested they may be involved in the sensory system of cyprids; 3) 20 kDa-cement protein homologues were expressed in the cyprid cement gland and probably function during attachment; and 4) receptor tyrosine kinases were expressed higher in cyprid stage and may be involved in signal perception during larval settlement. Our results provide not only the basis of several new hypotheses about gene functions during larval settlement, but also the availability of this large transcriptome dataset in B. amphitrite for further exploration of larval settlement and developmental pathways in this important marine species.
    Description: This work was supported by grants (N-HKUST602/09 and AoE/P-04/04-II) from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and an award (SA-C0040/UK-C0016) made by KAUST to P-Y Qian.
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  • 3
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    Pathways of carbon and energy metabolism of the epibiotic community associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Authors, 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16018, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016018.
    Description: The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates the faunal biomass at many deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In its enlarged gill chamber it harbors a specialized epibiotic bacterial community for which a nutritional role has been proposed. We analyzed specimens from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by complementing a 16S rRNA gene survey with the analysis of genes involved in carbon, sulfur and hydrogen metabolism. In addition to Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, the epibiotic community unexpectedly also consists of Deltaproteobacteria of a single phylotype, closely related to the genus Desulfocapsa. The association of these phylogenetic groups with the shrimp was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on functional gene analyses, we hypothesize that the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria are capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds, and that the Deltaproteobacteria are also involved in sulfur metabolism. In addition, the detection of proteobacterial hydrogenases indicates the potential for hydrogen oxidation in these communities. Interestingly, the frequency of these phylotypes in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the mouthparts differ from that of the inner lining of the gill chamber, indicating potential functional compartmentalization. Our data show the specific association of autotrophic bacteria with Rimicaris exoculata from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field, and suggest that autotrophic carbon fixation is contributing to the productivity of the epibiotic community with the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle as one important carbon fixation pathway. This has not been considered in previous studies of carbon fixation and stable carbon isotope composition of the shrimp and its epibionts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of sulfur-oxidizing and sulfur-reducing epibionts raises the possibility that both may be involved in the syntrophic exchange of sulfur compounds, which could increase the overall efficiency of this epibiotic community.
    Description: Funding was provided through NSF grant OCE-0452333 and the Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg Greifswald, Germany (SMS), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG) Cluster of Excellence at Marum, and MOMARnet (ND, JMP), and IFM-GEOMAR (MH, JFI).
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  • 4
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    Tactical release of a sexually-selected pheromone in a swordtail fish (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Authors, 2010. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16994, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016994.
    Description: Chemical communication plays a critical role in sexual selection and speciation in fishes; however, it is generally assumed that most fish pheromones are passively released since most fishes lack specialized scent glands or scent-marking behavior. Swordtails (genus Xiphophorus) are widely used in studies of female mate choice, and female response to male chemical cues is important to sexual selection, reproductive isolation, and hybridization. However, it is unclear whether females are attending to passively produced cues, or to pheromones produced in the context of communication. We used fluorescein dye injections to visualize pulsed urine release in male sheepshead swordtails, Xiphophorus birchmanni. Simultaneous-choice assays of mating preference showed that females attend to species- and sex-specific chemical cues emitted in male urine. Males urinated more frequently in the presence and proximity of an audience (conspecific females). In the wild, males preferentially courted upstream of females, facilitating transmission of pheromone cues. Males in a teleost fish have evolved sophisticated temporal and spatial control of pheromone release, comparable to that found in terrestrial animals. Pheromones are released specifically in a communicative context, and the timing and positioning of release favors efficient signal transmission.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov), IOB-0447665.
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  • 5
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    Beyond R0 : demographic models for variability of lifetime reproductive output (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e20809, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020809.
    Description: The net reproductive rate measures the expected lifetime reproductive output of an individual, and plays an important role in demography, ecology, evolution, and epidemiology. Well-established methods exist to calculate it from age- or stage-classified demographic data. As an expectation, provides no information on variability; empirical measurements of lifetime reproduction universally show high levels of variability, and often positive skewness among individuals. This is often interpreted as evidence of heterogeneity, and thus of an opportunity for natural selection. However, variability provides evidence of heterogeneity only if it exceeds the level of variability to be expected in a cohort of identical individuals all experiencing the same vital rates. Such comparisons require a way to calculate the statistics of lifetime reproduction from demographic data. Here, a new approach is presented, using the theory of Markov chains with rewards, obtaining all the moments of the distribution of lifetime reproduction. The approach applies to age- or stage-classified models, to constant, periodic, or stochastic environments, and to any kind of reproductive schedule. As examples, I analyze data from six empirical studies, of a variety of animal and plant taxa (nematodes, polychaetes, humans, and several species of perennial plants).
    Description: Supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0816514 and by a Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
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  • 6
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    Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 the First Genome of a Marine Fe(II) Oxidizing Zetaproteobacterium (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e25386, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025386.
    Description: Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 has provided the first genome of the recently discovered Zetaproteobacteria subdivision. Genome analysis reveals a complete TCA cycle, the ability to fix CO2, carbon-storage proteins and a sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). The latter could facilitate the transport of carbohydrates across the cell membrane and possibly aid in stalk formation, a matrix composed of exopolymers and/or exopolysaccharides, which is used to store oxidized iron minerals outside the cell. Two-component signal transduction system genes, including histidine kinases, GGDEF domain genes, and response regulators containing CheY-like receivers, are abundant and widely distributed across the genome. Most of these are located in close proximity to genes required for cell division, phosphate uptake and transport, exopolymer and heavy metal secretion, flagellar biosynthesis and pilus assembly suggesting that these functions are highly regulated. Similar to many other motile, microaerophilic bacteria, genes encoding aerotaxis as well as antioxidant functionality (e.g., superoxide dismutases and peroxidases) are predicted to sense and respond to oxygen gradients, as would be required to maintain cellular redox balance in the specialized habitat where M. ferrooxydans resides. Comparative genomics with other Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria residing in freshwater and marine environments revealed similar content, synteny, and amino acid similarity of coding sequences potentially involved in Fe(II) oxidation, signal transduction and response regulation, oxygen sensation and detoxification, and heavy metal resistance. This study has provided novel insights into the molecular nature of Zetaproteobacteria.
    Description: Funding has been provided by the NSF Microbial Observatories Program (KJE, DE), NSF’s Science and Technology Program, by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (KJE), the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences at the University of Southern California (KJE), and by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (KJE, DE). Advanced Light Source analyses at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are supported by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science of the United States Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231).
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  • 7
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    Optimal stimulus shapes for neuronal excitation (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS Computational Biology 7 (2011): e1002089, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002089.
    Description: An important problem in neuronal computation is to discern how features of stimuli control the timing of action potentials. One aspect of this problem is to determine how an action potential, or spike, can be elicited with the least energy cost, e.g., a minimal amount of applied current. Here we show in the Hodgkin & Huxley model of the action potential and in experiments on squid giant axons that: 1) spike generation in a neuron can be highly discriminatory for stimulus shape and 2) the optimal stimulus shape is dependent upon inputs to the neuron. We show how polarity and time course of post-synaptic currents determine which of these optimal stimulus shapes best excites the neuron. These results are obtained mathematically using the calculus of variations and experimentally using a stochastic search methodology. Our findings reveal a surprising complexity of computation at the single cell level that may be relevant for understanding optimization of signaling in neurons and neuronal networks.
    Description: This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 and NIH grant R01 HL718884 to DP. DBF is an AFOSR Young Investigator (FA 9550-08-01-0076).
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  • 8
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    Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations – initial interpretations (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16153, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016153.
    Description: Seamounts are unique deep-sea features that create habitats thought to have high levels of endemic fauna, productive fisheries and benthic communities vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. Many seamounts are isolated features, occurring in the high seas, where access is limited and thus biological data scarce. There are numerous seamounts within the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), yet high winds, frequent storms and strong currents make seafloor sampling particularly difficult. As a result, few attempts to collect biological data have been made, leading to a paucity of information on benthic habitats or fauna in this area, particularly those on primarily hard-bottom seamounts and ridges. During a research cruise in 2008 six locations were examined (two on the Antarctic margin, one on the Shackleton Fracture Zone, and three on seamounts within the Drake Passage), using a towed camera with onboard instruments to measure conductivity, temperature, depth and turbidity. Dominant fauna and bottom type were categorized from 200 randomized photos from each location. Cold-water corals were present in high numbers in habitats both on the Antarctic margin and on the current swept seamounts of the Drake Passage, though the diversity of orders varied. Though the Scleractinia (hard corals) were abundant on the sedimented margin, they were poorly represented in the primarily hard-bottom areas of the central Drake Passage. The two seamount sites and the Shackleton Fracture Zone showed high numbers of stylasterid (lace) and alcyonacean (soft) corals, as well as large numbers of sponges. Though data are preliminary, the geological and environmental variability (particularly in temperature) between sample sites may be influencing cold-water coral biogeography in this region. Each area observed also showed little similarity in faunal diversity with other sites examined for this study within all phyla counted. This manuscript highlights how little is understood of these isolated features, particularly in Polar regions.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Antarctic Earth Sciences Program (ANT0636787 awarded to LFR and RGW) and a CenSeam minigrant (awarded to RGW), and RGW is supported by a SOEST Young Investigator Fellowship from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
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  • 9
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    Beaked whales respond to simulated and actual navy sonar (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e17009, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017009.
    Description: Beaked whales have mass stranded during some naval sonar exercises, but the cause is unknown. They are difficult to sight but can reliably be detected by listening for echolocation clicks produced during deep foraging dives. Listening for these clicks, we documented Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, in a naval underwater range where sonars are in regular use near Andros Island, Bahamas. An array of bottom-mounted hydrophones can detect beaked whales when they click anywhere within the range. We used two complementary methods to investigate behavioral responses of beaked whales to sonar: an opportunistic approach that monitored whale responses to multi-day naval exercises involving tactical mid-frequency sonars, and an experimental approach using playbacks of simulated sonar and control sounds to whales tagged with a device that records sound, movement, and orientation. Here we show that in both exposure conditions beaked whales stopped echolocating during deep foraging dives and moved away. During actual sonar exercises, beaked whales were primarily detected near the periphery of the range, on average 16 km away from the sonar transmissions. Once the exercise stopped, beaked whales gradually filled in the center of the range over 2–3 days. A satellite tagged whale moved outside the range during an exercise, returning over 2–3 days post-exercise. The experimental approach used tags to measure acoustic exposure and behavioral reactions of beaked whales to one controlled exposure each of simulated military sonar, killer whale calls, and band-limited noise. The beaked whales reacted to these three sound playbacks at sound pressure levels below 142 dB re 1 µPa by stopping echolocation followed by unusually long and slow ascents from their foraging dives. The combined results indicate similar disruption of foraging behavior and avoidance by beaked whales in the two different contexts, at exposures well below those used by regulators to define disturbance.
    Description: The research reported here was financially supported by the United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research (www.onr.navy.mil) Grants N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990; the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (www.serdp.org) Grant SI-1539, the Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy (http://www.navy.mil/local/n45/), the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology) (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/), and the Joint Industry Program on Sound and Marine Life of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (www.soundandmarinelife.org).
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  • 10
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    Evolution of a major drug metabolizing enzyme defect in the domestic cat and other felidae : phylogenetic timing and the role of hypercarnivory (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is an open-access article, free of all copyright. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6(2011): e18046, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018046.
    Description: The domestic cat (Felis catus) shows remarkable sensitivity to the adverse effects of phenolic drugs, including acetaminophen and aspirin, as well as structurally-related toxicants found in the diet and environment. This idiosyncrasy results from pseudogenization of the gene encoding UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6, the major species-conserved phenol detoxification enzyme. Here, we established the phylogenetic timing of disruptive UGT1A6 mutations and explored the hypothesis that gene inactivation in cats was enabled by minimal exposure to plant-derived toxicants. Fixation of the UGT1A6 pseudogene was estimated to have occurred between 35 and 11 million years ago with all extant Felidae having dysfunctional UGT1A6. Out of 22 additional taxa sampled, representative of most Carnivora families, only brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) showed inactivating UGT1A6 mutations. A comprehensive literature review of the natural diet of the sampled taxa indicated that all species with defective UGT1A6 were hypercarnivores (〉70% dietary animal matter). Furthermore those species with UGT1A6 defects showed evidence for reduced amino acid constraint (increased dN/dS ratios approaching the neutral selection value of 1.0) as compared with species with intact UGT1A6. In contrast, there was no evidence for reduced amino acid constraint for these same species within UGT1A1, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for detoxification of endogenously generated bilirubin. Our results provide the first evidence suggesting that diet may have played a permissive role in the devolution of a mammalian drug metabolizing enzyme. Further work is needed to establish whether these preliminary findings can be generalized to all Carnivora.
    Description: Binu Shrestha was supported by a Fulbright scholarship from the United States Department of State. This project was funded by grant R01GM061834 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, contract N01-CO-12400 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and by the Intramural Research Program, NCI Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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  • 11
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    Diversity and dynamics of a widespread bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e22965, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022965.
    Description: Historically, cosmopolitan phytoplankton species were presumed to represent largely unstructured populations. However, the recent development of molecular tools to examine genetic diversity have revealed differences in phytoplankton taxa across geographic scales and provided insight into the physiology and ecology of blooms. Here we describe the genetic analysis of an extensive bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense that occurred in the Gulf of Maine in 2005. This bloom was notable for its intensity and duration, covering hundreds of kilometers and persisting for almost two months. Genotypic analyses based on microsatellite marker data indicate that the open waters of the northeastern U.S. harbor a single regional population of A. fundyense comprising two genetically distinct sub-populations. These subpopulations were characteristic of early- and late-bloom samples and were derived from the northern and southern areas of the bloom, respectively. The temporal changes observed during this study provide clear evidence of succession during a continuous bloom and show that selection can act on the timescale of weeks to significantly alter the representation of genotypes within a population. The effects of selection on population composition and turnover would be magnified if sexual reproduction were likewise influenced by environmental conditions. We hypothesize that the combined effects of differential growth and reproduction rates serves to reduce gene flow between the sub-populations, reinforcing population structure while maintaining the diversity of the overall regional population.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1-P50-ES012742 to DMA and DLE), by the National Science Foundation through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (OCE-0430724), and by the ECOHAB program (NOAA Grant NA06NOS4780245).
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  • 12
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    A novel lineage of proteobacteria involved in formation of marine Fe-oxidizing microbial mat communities (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2007. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 2 (2007): e667, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000667.
    Description: For decades it has been recognized that neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) are associated with hydrothermal venting of Fe(II)-rich fluids associated with seamounts in the world's oceans. The evidence was based almost entirely on the mineralogical remains of the microbes, which themselves had neither been brought into culture or been assigned to a specific phylogenetic clade. We have used both cultivation and cultivation-independent techniques to study Fe-rich microbial mats associated with hydrothermal venting at Loihi Seamount, a submarine volcano. Using gradient enrichment techniques, two iron-oxidizing bacteria, strains PV-1 and JV-1, were isolated. Chemolithotrophic growth was observed under microaerobic conditions; Fe(II) and Fe0 were the only energy sources that supported growth. Both strains produced filamentous stalk-like structures composed of multiple nanometer sized fibrils of Fe-oxyhydroxide. These were consistent with mineralogical structures found in the iron mats. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene demonstrated that strains PV-1 and JV-1 were identical and formed a monophyletic group deeply rooted within the Proteobacteria. The most similar sequence (85.3% similarity) from a cultivated isolate came from Methylophaga marina. Phylogenetic analysis of the RecA and GyrB protein sequences confirmed that these strains are distantly related to other members of the Proteobacteria. A cultivation-independent analysis of the SSU rRNA gene by terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) profiling showed that this phylotype was most common in a variety of microbial mats collected at different times and locations at Loihi. On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological data, it is proposed that isolate PV-1T ( = 1ATCC BAA-1019: JCM 14766) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans gen. nov., sp. nov. Furthermore, the strain is the first cultured representative of a new candidatus class of the Proteobacteria that is widely distributed in deep-sea environments, Candidatus ζ (zeta)-Proteobacteria cl. nov.
    Description: Funding was provided to DE and CLM by the National Science Foundation (0348330) and to DE through the NASA Astobiology Institute.
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  • 13
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    Superfast vocal muscles control song production in songbirds (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2008. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 3 (2008): e2581, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002581.
    Description: Birdsong is a widely used model for vocal learning and human speech, which exhibits high temporal and acoustic diversity. Rapid acoustic modulations are thought to arise from the vocal organ, the syrinx, by passive interactions between the two independent sound generators or intrinsic nonlinear dynamics of sound generating structures. Additionally, direct neuromuscular control could produce such rapid and precisely timed acoustic features if syringeal muscles exhibit rare superfast muscle contractile kinetics. However, no direct evidence exists that avian vocal muscles can produce modulations at such high rates. Here, we show that 1) syringeal muscles are active in phase with sound modulations during song over 200 Hz, 2) direct stimulation of the muscles in situ produces sound modulations at the frequency observed during singing, and that 3) syringeal muscles produce mechanical work at the required frequencies and up to 250 Hz in vitro. The twitch kinematics of these so-called superfast muscles are the fastest measured in any vertebrate muscle. Superfast vocal muscles enable birds to directly control the generation of many observed rapid acoustic changes and to actuate the millisecond precision of neural activity into precise temporal vocal control. Furthermore, birds now join the list of vertebrate classes in which superfast muscle kinetics evolved independently for acoustic communication.
    Description: This study was funded by NIH DC04390 and DC06876 to FG, and NIH AR38404-20 and NIH AR46125 to LCR. The work was also supported by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health to LCR.
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  • 14
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    Analysis of expressed sequence tags of the cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2007. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 2 (2007): e671, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000671.
    Description: Rotifers are among the most common non-arthropod animals and are the most experimentally tractable members of the basal assemblage of metazoan phyla known as Gnathifera. The monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is a developing model system for ecotoxicology, aquatic ecology, cryptic speciation, and the evolution of sex, and is an important food source for finfish aquaculture. However, basic knowledge of the genome and transcriptome of any rotifer species has been lacking. We generated and partially sequenced a cDNA library from B. plicatilis and constructed a database of over 2300 expressed sequence tags corresponding to more than 450 transcripts. About 20% of the transcripts had no significant similarity to database sequences by BLAST; most of these contained open reading frames of significant length but few had recognized Pfam motifs. Sixteen transcripts accounted for 25% of the ESTs; four of these had no significant similarity to BLAST or Pfam databases. Putative up- and downstream untranslated regions are relatively short and AT rich. In contrast to bdelloid rotifers, there was no evidence of a conserved trans-spliced leader sequence among the transcripts and most genes were single-copy. Despite the small size of this EST project it revealed several important features of the rotifer transcriptome and of individual monogonont genes. Because there is little genomic data for Gnathifera, the transcripts we found with no known function may represent genes that are species-, class-, phylum- or even superphylum-specific; the fact that some are among the most highly expressed indicates their importance. The absence of trans-spliced leader exons in this monogonont species contrasts with their abundance in bdelloid rotifers and indicates that the presence of this phenomenon can vary at the subphylum level. Our EST database provides a relatively large quantity of transcript-level data for B. plicatilis, and more generally of rotifers and other gnathiferan phyla, and can be browsed and searched at gmod.mbl.edu.
    Description: This research was supported by the Nagasaki Prefecture Collaboration of Regional Entities for the Advancement of Technological Excellence, Japan Science and Technology Agency to KS, YT, YS and AH, and US NSF grants EF-0412674 and MCB-0544199 to DMW.
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    Climate change, precipitation and impacts on an estuarine refuge from disease (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e18849, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018849.
    Description: Oysters play important roles in estuarine ecosystems but have suffered recently due to overfishing, pollution, and habitat loss. A tradeoff between growth rate and disease prevalence as a function of salinity makes the estuarine salinity transition of special concern for oyster survival and restoration. Estuarine salinity varies with discharge, so increases or decreases in precipitation with climate change may shift regions of low salinity and disease refuge away from optimal oyster bottom habitat, negatively impacting reproduction and survival. Temperature is an additional factor for oyster survival, and recent temperature increases have increased vulnerability to disease in higher salinity regions. We examined growth, reproduction, and survival of oysters in the New York Harbor-Hudson River region, focusing on a low-salinity refuge in the estuary. Observations were during two years when rainfall was above average and comparable to projected future increases in precipitation in the region and a past period of about 15 years with high precipitation. We found a clear tradeoff between oyster growth and vulnerability to disease. Oysters survived well when exposed to intermediate salinities during two summers (2008, 2010) with moderate discharge conditions. However, increased precipitation and discharge in 2009 reduced salinities in the region with suitable benthic habitat, greatly increasing oyster mortality. To evaluate the estuarine conditions over longer periods, we applied a numerical model of the Hudson to simulate salinities over the past century. Model results suggest that much of the region with suitable benthic habitat that historically had been a low salinity refuge region may be vulnerable to higher mortality under projected increases in precipitation and discharge. Predicted increases in precipitation in the northeastern United States due to climate change may lower salinities past important thresholds for oyster survival in estuarine regions with appropriate substrate, potentially disrupting metapopulation dynamics and impeding oyster restoration efforts, especially in the Hudson estuary where a large basin constitutes an excellent refuge from disease.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Hudson River Foundation, grant number 00607A, and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (MOU 2008).
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    The taxonomic and functional diversity of microbes at a temperate coastal site : a ‘multi-omic’ study of seasonal and diel temporal variation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2010. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 5 (2010): e15545, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015545.
    Description: How microbial communities change over time in response to the environment is poorly understood. Previously a six-year time series of 16S rRNA V6 data from the Western English Channel demonstrated robust seasonal structure within the bacterial community, with diversity negatively correlated with day-length. Here we determine whether metagenomes and metatranscriptomes follow similar patterns. We generated 16S rRNA datasets, metagenomes (1.2 GB) and metatranscriptomes (157 MB) for eight additional time points sampled in 2008, representing three seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer) and including day and night samples. This is the first microbial ‘multi-omic’ study to combine 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling. Five main conclusions can be drawn from analysis of these data: 1) Archaea follow the same seasonal patterns as Bacteria, but show lower relative diversity; 2) Higher 16S rRNA diversity also reflects a higher diversity of transcripts; 3) Diversity is highest in winter and at night; 4) Community-level changes in 16S-based diversity and metagenomic profiles are better explained by seasonal patterns (with samples closest in time being most similar), while metatranscriptomic profiles are better explained by diel patterns and shifts in particular categories (i.e., functional groups) of genes; 5) Changes in key genes occur among seasons and between day and night (i.e., photosynthesis); but these samples contain large numbers of orphan genes without known homologues and it is these unknown gene sets that appear to contribute most towards defining the differences observed between times. Despite the huge diversity of these microbial communities, there are clear signs of predictable patterns and detectable stability over time. Renewed and intensified efforts are required to reveal fundamental deterministic patterns in the most complex microbial communities. Further, the presence of a substantial proportion of orphan sequences underscores the need to determine the gene products of sequences with currently unknown function.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by a Natural Environmental Research Council (www.nerc.ac.uk) grant, NE/F00138X/1.
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    The relationship among oceanography, prey fields, and beaked whale foraging habitat in the Tongue of the Ocean (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e19269, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019269.
    Description: Beaked whales, specifically Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), are known to feed in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. These whales can be reliably detected and often localized within the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic sensor system. The AUTEC range is a regularly spaced bottom mounted hydrophone array covering 〉350 nm2 providing a valuable network to record anthropogenic noise and marine mammal vocalizations. Assessments of the potential risks of noise exposure to beaked whales have historically occurred in the absence of information about the physical and biological environments in which these animals are distributed. In the fall of 2008, we used a downward looking 38 kHz SIMRAD EK60 echosounder to measure prey scattering layers concurrent with fine scale turbulence measurements from an autonomous turbulence profiler. Using an 8 km, 4-leaf clover sampling pattern, we completed a total of 7.5 repeat surveys with concurrently measured physical and biological oceanographic parameters, so as to examine the spatiotemporal scales and relationships among turbulence levels, biological scattering layers, and beaked whale foraging activity. We found a strong correlation among increased prey density and ocean vertical structure relative to increased click densities. Understanding the habitats of these whales and their utilization patterns will improve future models of beaked whale habitat as well as allowing more comprehensive assessments of exposure risk to anthropogenic sound.
    Description: The data collection and analysis was funded by the Office of Naval Research as N00014-08-1-1162.
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    The Genomic Standards Consortium (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 9 (2011): e1001088, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001088.
    Description: A vast and rich body of information has grown up as a result of the world's enthusiasm for 'omics technologies. Finding ways to describe and make available this information that maximise its usefulness has become a major effort across the 'omics world. At the heart of this effort is the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC), an open-membership organization that drives community-based standardization activities, Here we provide a short history of the GSC, provide an overview of its range of current activities, and make a call for the scientific community to join forces to improve the quality and quantity of contextual information about our public collections of genomes, metagenomes, and marker gene sequences.
    Description: NERC International Opportunities Fund Award NE/3521773/1 and NE/E007325/1 (http://www.nerc. ac.uk/funding/) and National Science Foundation grant RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989 (http://www.nsf.gov/funding/).
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    Exploring the diversity of Gardnerella vaginalis in the genitourinary tract microbiota of monogamous couples through subtle nucleotide variation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e26732, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026732.
    Description: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an enigmatic disease of unknown origin that affects a large percentage of women. The vaginal microbiota of women with BV is associated with serious sequelae, including abnormal pregnancies. The etiology of BV is not fully understood, however, it has been suggested that it is transmissible, and that G. vaginalis may be an etiological agent. Studies using enzymatic assays to define G. vaginalis biotypes, as well as more recent genomic comparisons of G. vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women, suggest that particular G. vaginalis strains may play a key role in the pathogenesis of BV. To explore G. vaginalis diversity, distribution and sexual transmission, we developed a Shannon entropy-based method to analyze low-level sequence variation in 65,710 G. vaginalis 16S rRNA gene segments that were PCR-amplified from vaginal samples of 53 monogamous women and from urethral and penile skin samples of their male partners. We observed a high degree of low-level diversity among G. vaginalis sequences with a total of 46 unique sequence variants (oligotypes), and also found strong correlations of these oligotypes between sexual partners. Even though Gram stain-defined normal and some Gram stain-defined intermediate oligotype profiles clustered together in UniFrac analysis, no single G. vaginalis oligotype was found to be specific to BV or normal vaginal samples. This study describes a novel method for investigating G. vaginalis diversity at a low level of taxonomic discrimination. The findings support cultivation-based studies that indicate sexual partners harbor the same strains of G. vaginalis. This study also highlights the fact that a few, reproducible nucleotide variations within the 16S rRNA gene can reveal clinical or epidemiological associations that would be missed by genus-level or species-level categorization of 16S rRNA data.
    Description: This work is supported by funding from the Research Institute for Children in New Orleans and NIH grant 5RO1AI79071-2.
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    Morphological and chemical influences on alumina-supported palladium catalysts active for the gas phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: A. R. McInroy, A. Uhl, T. Lear, T. M. Klapotke, S. Shaikhutdinov et al. A series of five alumina-supported palladium catalysts have previously been prepared and characterised by a combination of CO chemisorption and infrared spectroscopy. The reactive attributes of these catalysts are examined using the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde as a test reaction, using a modifie ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 214704 (2011)] published Tue Jun 7, 2011.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    Hilbert space for quantum mechanics on superspace (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: K. Coulembier and H. De Bie In superspace a realization of [fraktur sl] is generated by the super Laplace operator and the generalized norm squared. In this paper, an inner product on superspace for which this representation is skew-symmetric is considered. This inner product was already defined for spaces of weighted polynomi ... [J. Math. Phys. 52, 063504 (2011)] published Mon Jun 6, 2011.
    Print ISSN: 0022-2488
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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    Analysis of heart rate variability signal in meditation using second-order difference plot (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Damodar Prasad Goswami, Dewaki Nandan Tibarewala, and Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya In this article, the heart rate variability signal taken from subjects practising different types of meditations have been investigated to find the underlying similarity among them and how they differ from the non-meditative condition. Four different groups of subjects having different meditation te ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114703 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Experimental investigation of interaction of very low frequency electromagnetic waves with metallic nanostructure (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Vijay Nalladega, Shamachary Sathish, Terry Murray, Eunsung Shin, Kumar V. Jata et al. The interaction of low-frequency electromagnetic waves with metallic nanostructure consisting of nanoparticles has been investigated. The existence of helicons in metallic nanostructure is predicted based on the enhancement of effective mass of the electrons in metallic mesostructures in low-frequen ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114907 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Dielectric spectroscopy for probing the relaxation and charge transport in polypyrrole nanofibers (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Somik Banerjee and A. Kumar Conductivity relaxation and charge transport mechanisms in polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers synthesized using a micellar polymerization technique with varying surfactant concentration has been investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. TEM micrographs depict that the increasing surfactant conce ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114313 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Mechanical relaxation studies of alpha and slow beta processes in NdFeCoAl bulk metallic glass (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Lijun Guo, Xuebang Wu, and Zhengang Zhu The relaxation dynamics of the primary alpha and secondary beta processes in NdFeCoAl bulk metallic glass has been investigated by using low-frequency mechanical spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction. From the shift of internal friction peaks by the frequency ch ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113524 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    On the numerical simulation of the diffuse arc in a vacuum interrupter (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Y. Langlois, P. Chapelle, A. Jardy, and F. Gentils A 2D two-fluid numerical model is developed for the description of the diffuse arc in a vacuum interrupter under the possible influence of an axial magnetic field (AMF). This model incorporates the energy balance equations for both ions and electrons and takes into account the three components of th ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113306 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Blast wave and contraction in Au(111) thin film induced by femtosecond laser pulses. A time resolved x-ray diffraction study. (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Jie Chen, Wei-Kan Chen, and Peter M. Rentzepis We utilize 100 fs optical pulses as a means of heating 150 nm thick single Au (111) crystals, below the melting point and monitor the subsequent structural evolution with subpicosecond time resolution using 0.6 ps, 8.04 KeV x-ray pulses. By monitoring the energy and time dependent modulation of the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113522 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Charge modulated interfacial conductivity in SrTiO-based oxide heterostructures (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Y. Z. Chen, E. Stamate, N. Pryds, J. R. Sun, B. G. Shen et al. When depositing amorphous SrTiO (STO) films on crystalline STO substrates by pulsed laser deposition, metallic interfaces are observed, though both materials are band-gap insulators. The interfacial conductivity exhibits strong dependence on oxygen pressure during film growth, which is closely relat ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232105 (2011)] published Wed Jun 8, 2011.
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    Development of a magnetic resonance microscope using a high T bulk superconducting magnet (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Kyohei Ogawa, Takashi Nakamura, Yasuhiko Terada, Katsumi Kose, and Tomoyuki Haishi We have developed the first magnetic resonance (MR) microscope using a high critical-temperature superconducting bulk magnet. The bulk magnet comprises six annular bulk superconductors (60 mm outer diameter, 28 mm inner diameter, 20 mm high) made of c-axis oriented single-domain EuBaCuO crystals. Th ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 234101 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    To realize the optimal probe pulse length for detection of pulsed terahertz signal with spectral-encoding technique (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Xiao-Yu Peng, Xin-Hai Zhang, Jing-Hua Teng, Hong-Cheng Guo, and Yong-Lim Foo The approach to realize the optimal chirped probe pulse length for an arbitrary pulsed terahertz (THz) signal measured with the spectral-encoding technique was investigated by simulation. It was found that either the maximum positive peak or the absolute value of the strongest negative peak of the n ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231111 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    A physical model for bipolar oxide-based resistive switching memory based on ion-transport-recombination effect (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Bin Gao, Jinfeng Kang, Lifeng Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, and Bin Yu A physical model based on ion-transport-recombination effect is proposed to quantify the RESET behavior of bipolar metal-oxide-based resistive random access memory devices. In the model, RESET process is attributed to the recombination of mobile oxygen ions with low-electron-occupied oxygen vacancie ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232108 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Tunable metalinsulator transitions in bilayer graphene by thermal annealing (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Gopinadhan Kalon, Young Jun Shin, and Hyunsoo Yang Tunable and highly reproducible metalinsulator transitions have been observed in bilayer graphene upon thermal annealing at 400 K under high vacuum conditions. Before annealing, the sample is metallic in the whole temperature regime of study. Upon annealing, the conductivity changes from metallic to ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233108 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    {111} local configurations: The main source of silicon defects during solid phase epitaxial regrowth modeled by lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Ignacio Martin-Bragado A lattice kinetic Monte Carlo model for defect generation during solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER) is presented. It assumes two simple causes for defective Si formation: amorphous atoms in local {111} configurations having a probability to become defective and random nucleation and growth creati ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233109 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Medium-range icosahedral order in quasicrystal-forming ZrPd binary metallic glass (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Li Huang, X. W. Fang, C. Z. Wang, M. J. Kramer, Z. J. Ding et al. Medium-range order in ZrPd metallic glass was studied using a combination of x-ray diffraction experiment and atomistic simulations. We show that, in contrast to earlier experimental interpretations, the icosahedral-like polyhedron is centered around Pd, rather than Zr. Furthermore, we find that the ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231906 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Acceptors in ZnO nanocrystals (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: S. T. Teklemichael, W. M. Hlaing Oo, M. D. McCluskey, E. D. Walter, and D. W. Hoyt While zinc oxide (ZnO) has potential for optoelectronic applications, the lack of reliable p-type doping remains a major challenge. We provide evidence that ZnO nanocrystals contain uncompensated acceptors. IR absorption peaks at liquid-helium temperatures suggest a hydrogenic acceptor with a hole b ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232112 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Diffraction less and strongly confined surface acoustic waves in domain inverted LiNbO superlattices (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Didit Yudistira, Sarah Benchabane, Davide Janner, and Valerio Pruneri We show that an appropriate mass-loading, placed on the surface and in between the electrodes of a coplanar acoustic LiNbO superlattice, can counteract lateral diffraction of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The strong confinement corresponds to a SAW mode, whose displacement is measured using laser i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233504 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Extraction of additional interfacial states of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Soshi Sato, Wei Li, Kuniyuki Kakushima, Kenji Ohmori, Kenji Natori et al. Interfacial states of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors with rectangular-like cross-sections (wire height of 10 nm and widths of 9 and 18 nm) have been evaluated from the transfer characteristics in the subthreshold region measured at cryogenic temperatures, where kinks in the drain current ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233506 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Magnetocaloric effect in layered NdMnGeSi (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: J. L. Wang, S. J. Campbell, J. M. Cadogan, A. J. Studer, R. Zeng et al. A giant magnetocaloric effect has been observed in NdMnGeSi associated with the first-order magnetic phase transition from antiferromagnetism to ferromagnetism around T=36 K. The magnetic entropy change DeltaS and adiabatic temperature change DeltaT have been determined from magnetization and speci ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232509 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Suppression of in-plane tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in CoMnSi/MgO/n-GaAs and CoFe/MgO/n-GaAs junctions by inserting a MgO barrier (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Takafumi Akiho, Tetsuya Uemura, Masanobu Harada, Ken-ichi Matsuda, and Masafumi Yamamoto The effects of MgO tunnel barriers on both junction resistance and tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) characteristics of CoMnSi(CMS)/MgO/n-GaAs junctions and CoFe(CoFe)/MgO/n-GaAs junctions were investigated. The resistance-area (RA) product of the CMS/MgO/n-GaAs junctions showed an expo ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232109 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Photothermolysis of immobilized bacteria on gold nanograil arrays (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Soo Kyung Kim, Chul-Joon Heo, Jong Young Choi, Su Yeon Lee, Se Gyu Jang et al. Photothermolysis technique via array of gold nanograils had been developed by illuminating near infrared laser light onto captured bacteria in metal nanostructure. The strong electromagnetic field enhancement at the sharp edges of the gold nanograils produced local heating that was sufficient to bre ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233701 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Cascaded third harmonic generation in lithium niobate nanowaveguides (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Alexander S. Solntsev, Andrey A. Sukhorukov, Dragomir N. Neshev, Rumen Iliew, Reinhard Geiss et al. We predict highly efficient third harmonic generation through simultaneous phase-matching of second-harmonic generation and sum-frequency generation in lithium niobate nanowaveguides, enabled due to strong modal dispersion. We demonstrate that the waveguide size which corresponds to phase-matching i ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231110 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Strongly quadrature-dependent noise in superconducting microresonators measured at the vacuum-noise limit (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: J. Gao, L. R. Vale, J. A. B. Mates, D. R. Schmidt, G. C. Hilton et al. We measure frequency- and dissipation-quadrature noise in superconducting microresonators with sensitivity near the vacuum noise level using a Josephson parametric amplifier. At an excitation power of 100 nW, frequency noise rises orders of magnitude above the vacuum noise, but no excess dissipation ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232508 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    A ZnO cross-bar array resistive random access memory stacked with heterostructure diodes for eliminating the sneak current effect (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Jung Won Seo, Seung Jae Baik, Sang Jung Kang, Yun Ho Hong, Ji Hwan Yang et al. We report cross-bar array resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices based on a ZnO thin film fabricated at room temperature. To prevent the sneak current path in a conventional cross-bar array device, two types of heterostructure diodes, a NiO/ZnO p-n junction and a WO/ZnO tunnel barrier both st ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233505 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Nanopatterning on rough surfaces using optically trapped microspheres (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Y.-C. Tsai, R. Fardel, and C. B. Arnold While nanofabricated structures find an increasingly large number of applications, few techniques are able to pattern rough or uneven surfaces, or surfaces with pre-existing structure. In this letter we show that optical trap assisted nanopatterning (OTAN), a near-field laser based technique, is abl ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233110 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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    Correction factor in nondiffusive Hall magnetometry (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: M. Cerchez and T. Heinzel It is demonstrated how the correction factor alpha used in Hall magnetometry of localized magnetic field profiles depends on the sample geometry and the electron mean free path, in the quasiballistic and ballistic regimes. The frequently used approximation of a constant correction factor close to 1 ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 232111 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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  • 46
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    Near-ultraviolet absorption and nanosecond-pulse-laser damage in HfO monolayers studied by submicrometer-resolution photothermal heterodyne imaging and atomic force microscopy (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: S. Papernov, A. Tait, W. Bittle, A. W. Schmid, J. B. Oliver et al. Localized absorption in hafnium dioxide used as a high-index component in multilayer coatings for near-ultraviolet, nanosecond-pulse-laser applications is directly linked to laser-induced damage. The nature of the absorbing species and their physical properties remains unknown because of their extre ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113106 (2011)] published Thu Jun 9, 2011.
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  • 47
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    Erratum: Nonvolatile and unipolar resistive switching characteristics of pulsed laser ablated NiO films [J. Appl. Phys. 108, 104513 (2010)] (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: D. Panda, A. Dhar, and S. K. Ray Abstract not available. [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 119902 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    In situ monitoring of the effects of hydrogen on Pb(Zr,Ti)O structure (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: A. Shafiei, C. Oprea, A. Alfantazi, and T. Troczynski Structural modifications of the lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O] or PZT, subjected to hydrogen, are investigated using online monitoring of the electrical properties of PZT. The changes in PZT properties (dielectric constant and resistance) can be described using well known nucleation and growth ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114108 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Theoretical approach to study the effect of free volumes on the physical behavior of polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: T. Lahiri and T. Pal Majumder It was clearly indicative that the polymer chains make a tremendous interaction with the tilt angle in case of a polymer stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (PSFLC). After suitable consideration of such interaction, we expanded the Landau free energy for a PSFLC system. We theoretically demonstr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114109 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Anomalous deformation twinning in fcc metals at high temperatures (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Tanushree Sinha and Yashashree Kulkarni Nanotwinned structures have shown strong promise as optimal motifs for strength, ductility, and grain stability in fcc metalsin sharp contrast to their nano-grained counterparts where gains in strength are disappointingly offset by loss of ductility. However, their high temperature stability has rem ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114315 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Counting lithium ions in the diffusion channel of an LiVO crystal (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Soyeon Lee, Yoshifumi Oshima, Hidetaka Sawada, Fumio Hosokawa, Eiji Okunishi et al. As a new microscopic method to reveal lithium ion behavior in lithium ion batteries, we demonstrated that lithium atoms in the diffusion channel of the spinel structure (LiVO crystal) were visualized and their number was countable one-by-one by using annular bright field imaging method in conjunctio ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113530 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Influence of the nonlinear bias dependence of the barrier height on measured Schottky-barrier contact parameters (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: V. G. Bozhkov and A. V. Shmargunov A numerical investigation of current-voltage characteristics (IVCs) of the ideal metal-semiconductor Schottky-barrier contact (SBC) metal-n-GaAs in the wide range of temperatures, contact diameters and doping levels considering the influence of image force and tunneling effects is presented. The ana ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113718 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Luminescence properties and optical dephasing in a glass-ceramic containing sodium-niobate nanocrystals (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: E. Almeida, L. de S. Menezes, Cid B. de Araujo, and A. A. Lipovskii Photoluminescence (PL) and degenerate four-wave-mixing (DFWM) experiments were performed in a silicaniobic composite containing NaNbO nanocrystals. The PL results indicate the presence of in-gap states attributed to excitons in the nanocrystals and defect centers. The luminescence of the samples bec ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113108 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Large-signal and high-frequency analysis of nonuniformly doped or shaped pn-junction diodes (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Anatoly A. Barybin and Edval J. P. Santos An analytical theory of nonuniformly doped or shaped pn-junction diodes subjected to large signals at high frequencies is presented. The resulting expressions can be useful to evaluate the performance of semiconductor device modeling software. The transverse averaging technique is employed to reduce ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114510 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Unveiling the nonadiabatic rotational excitation process in a symmetric-top molecule induced by two intense laser pulses (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Daeyul Baek, Hirokazu Hasegawa, and Yasuhiro Ohshima We experimentally investigate the nonadiabatic rotational excitation process of a symmetric-top molecule, benzene, in the electronic ground state irradiated by intense nonresonant ultrafast laser fields. The initial rotational-state distribution was restricted mostly to the five lowest levels with d ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224302 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy of self-trapped excitons in ladder type Br-bridged Pt complexes (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: T. Suemoto, H. Nakao, M. Nakajima, and H. Kitagawa The out-of-phase and in-phase ladder type Br-bridged Pt complexes are investigated by time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy in pico- and femtosecond time regions. The observed luminescence spectra have peaks at 0.87 and 0.94 eV in out-of-phase and in-phase materials, respectively, and are assigned ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224503 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Elemental distribution and oxygen deficiency of magnetron sputtered indium tin oxide films (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Annett Thogersen, Margrethe Rein, Edouard Monakhov, Jeyanthinath Mayandi, and Spyros Diplas The atomic structure and composition of noninterfacial ITO and ITO-Si interfaces were studied with transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on monocrystalline p-type (100) Si wafers. Both as deposited and heat tr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113532 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Alternative single-reference coupled cluster approaches for multireference problems: The simpler, the better (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Francesco A. Evangelista We report a general implementation of alternative formulations of single-reference coupled cluster theory (extended, unitary, and variational) with arbitrary-order truncation of the cluster operator. These methods are applied to compute the energy of Ne and the equilibrium properties of HF and C. Po ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224102 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Renormalization-group analysis of the R R rotator phase transition (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Prabir K. Mukherjee A model for coupled tilt angle and lattice distortion parameter is proposed to describe the R R transition in n-alkane. The model is treated in the framework of a Landau mean-field theory and renormalization-group theory. The influence of gauche conformations and molecular flexibility on the R R t ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224502 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Reexamining proteinprotein and proteinsolvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Marco A. Blanco, Erinc Sahin, Yi Li, and Christopher J. Roberts The classic analysis of Rayleigh light scattering (LS) is re-examined for multi-component protein solutions, within the context of Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory as well as a more generalized canonical treatment. Significant differences arise when traditional treatments that approximate constant pressure ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 225103 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Ion-beam-induced damage formation in CdTe (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: C. W. Rischau, C. S. Schnohr, E. Wendler, and W. Wesch Damage formation in - and -oriented CdTe single crystals irradiated at room temperature and 15 K with 270 keV Ar or 730 keV Sb ions was investigated in situ using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) in channeling configuration. Defect profiles were calculated from the RBS spectra using the ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113531 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    On the mechanism of the highly viscous flow (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: U. Buchenau The asymmetry model for the highly viscous flow postulates thermally activated jumps from a practically undistorted ground state to strongly distorted, but stable structures, with a pronounced Eshelby backstress from the distorted surroundings. The viscosity is ascribed to those stable distorted str ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224501 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Hybrid density functional theory description of N- and C-doping of NiO (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Michael Nolan, Run Long, Niall J. English, and Damian A. Mooney The large intrinsic bandgap of NiO hinders its potential application as a photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. In this study, we have performed first-principles screened exchange hybrid density functional theory with the HSE06 functional calculations of N- and C-doped NiO to investigate th ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224703 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Low temperature near-field scanning optical microscopy on infrared and terahertz photonic-crystal quantum cascade lasers (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: I. C. Moldovan-Doyen, G. Xu, L. Greusard, G. Sevin, E. Strupiechonski et al. We report the development of a scattering-type near-field scanning optical microscope (sNSOM) which operates at temperatures down to 100 K with a scanning range of up to 400 [mu]m. We have used this sNSOM to map the electromagnetic near-field on mid-IR and terahertz (THz) surface emitting quantum c ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231112 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Relativistic Landau-Aharonov-Casher quantization based on the Lorentz symmetry violation background (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: K. Bakke, H. Belich, and E. O. Silva Based on the discussions about the Aharonov-Casher effect in the Lorentz symmetry violation background, we show that the analogue of the relativistic Landau quantization in the Aharonov-Casher setup can be achieved in the Lorentz-symmetry violation background. ... [J. Math. Phys. 52, 063505 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Kinetic description of quasi-stationary axisymmetric collisionless accretion disk plasmas with arbitrary magnetic field configurations (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Claudio Cremaschini, John C. Miller, and Massimo Tessarotto A kinetic treatment is developed for collisionless magnetized plasmas occurring in high-temperature, low-density astrophysical accretion disks, such as are thought to be present in some radiatively inefficient accretion flows onto black holes. Quasi-stationary configurations are investigated, within ... [Phys. Plasmas 18, 062901 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Shear flow instability in a partially-ionized plasma sheath around a fast-moving vehicle (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: V. I. Sotnikov, S. Mudaliar, T. C. Genoni, D. V. Rose, B. V. Oliver et al. The stability of ion acoustic waves in a sheared-flow, partially-ionized compressible plasma sheath around a fast-moving vehicle in the upper atmosphere, is described and evaluated for different flow profiles. In a compressible plasma with shear flow, instability occurs for any velocity profile, not ... [Phys. Plasmas 18, 062104 (2011)] published Fri Jun 10, 2011.
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    Effect of air exposure on metal/organic interface in organic field-effect transistors (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Xubing Lu, Takeo Minari, Akichika Kumatani, Chuan Liu, and Kazuhito Tsukagoshi We report the effect of air exposure on charge injection process through the metal/organic interface in organic field-effect transistors. Pentacene-based field-effect transistors and metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors having gold or copper contact were fabricated without exposing to air. An ai ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243301 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Graphene oxide as a photocatalytic material (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Karthikeyan Krishnamoorthy, Rajneesh Mohan, and S.-J. Kim The photocatalytic characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures synthesized by modified Hummer's method were investigated by measuring reduction rate of resazurin (RZ) into resorufin (RF) as a function of UV irradiation time. The progress of the photocatalytic reaction was monitored by chan ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 244101 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Origin of the low thermal conductivity of the thermoelectric material beta-ZnSb: An ab initio theoretical study (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Weibing Chen and Jingbo Li By modeling beta-ZnSb material as a ZnSb crystal with defects, the crystal structure and thermal properties of beta-ZnSb are studied by ab initio method to explain its extremely low thermal conductivity at moderate temperature. The formation and migration energies of defects are calculated and used ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241901 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Experimental studies on the direct flexoelectric effect in alpha-phase polyvinylidene fluoride films (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Sivapalan Baskaran, Xiangtong He, Qin Chen, and John Y. Fu We report observation of the giant direct flexoelectric effect in alpha-phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films. This unexpected phenomenon was detected in the alpha-phase PVDF film undergoing elastic tensile stretching. Our results have shown that the physical mechanism behind the flexoelectrici ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242901 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Improving polymer solar cell performances by manipulating the self-organization of polymer (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Feng-xian Xie, Wallace C. H. Choy, Xiaolong Zhu, Xiaolong Li, Zhong Li et al. We have investigated driving force effects on the ordering of polymer, which is a key factor of self-assembly of soft materials. By turning the substrate up-side-down, the downward driving force can form in solution film-growth process and affect the self-organization of polymer chains and domains. ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243302 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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  • 73
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    Field emission cooling of thermoelectric semiconductor PbTe (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: M. S. Chung, A. Mayer, B. L. Weiss, N. M. Miskovsky, and P. H. Cutler We report a theoretical analysis of the cooling effect due to field emission from n-type PbTe, a typical thermoelectric material. We show that, by calculating the average energies of field and replacement electrons, the energy exchange in field emission from n-type PbTe always produces cooling. The ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243502 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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  • 74
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    Nonthermal phase transition in phase change memory cells induced by picosecond electric pulse (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: D. Q. Huang, X. S. Miao, Z. Li, J. J. Sheng, J. J. Sun et al. The ultrafast amorphization phenomenon induced by a single picosecond electric pulse was studied. The RESET operations were performed on phase change memory cells with 50 nm and 150 nm thick GeSbTe layers by a self-built test system, respectively. The ultrafast amorphization of only 0.2 ns was obser ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242106 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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  • 75
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    SmNiO/NdNiO thin film multilayers (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: C. Girardot, S. Pignard, F. Weiss, and J. Kreisel Rare earth nickelates RENiO (RE=rare earth), which attract interest due to their sharp metal-insulator phase transition, are instable in bulk form due to the necessity of an important oxygen pressure to stabilize Ni in its 3+ state of oxidation. Here, we report the stabilization of RE nickelates in ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241903 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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  • 76
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    Epitaxial growth of high mobility BiSe thin films on CdS (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: X. F. Kou, L. He, F. X. Xiu, M. R. Lang, Z. M. Liao et al. We report the experiment of high quality epitaxial growth of BiSe thin films on hexagonal CdS (0001) substrates using a solid source molecular-beam epitaxy system. Layer-by-layer growth of single crystal BiSe has been observed from the first quintuple layer. The size of surface triangular terraces h ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242102 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Local electrical stress-induced doping and formation of monolayer graphene P-N junction (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Tianhua Yu, Chen-Wei Liang, Changdong Kim, and Bin Yu We demonstrated doping in monolayer graphene via local electrical stressing. The doping, confirmed by the resistance-voltage transfer characteristics of the graphene system, is observed to continuously tunable from N-type to P-type as the electrical stressing level (voltage) increases. Two major phy ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243105 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    An atmospheric pressure quasiuniform planar plasma jet generated by using a dielectric barrier configuration (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: Qing Li, Hidemasa Takana, Yi-Kang Pu, and Hideya Nishiyama A stable nonthermal quasiuniform planar plasma jet, originating from a planar dielectric duct with a rectangular exit and issuing into ambient air at atmospheric pressure, is reported in the present work. Current-voltage characteristics, one discharge current pulse per sinusoidal half voltage cycle, ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241501 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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    Optical field-enhancement in metal nanoparticle arrays contacted by electron beam induced deposition (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-14
    Description: M. A. Mangold, C. Weiss, B. Dirks, and A. W. Holleitner We study the impact of optical field-enhancement effects on the optoelectronic properties of metal nanoparticle arrays. Applying a focused ion beam lithography in combination with an electron beam induced deposition technique we pattern electrical contacts in a way that they give rise to an electrom ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243108 (2011)] published Mon Jun 13, 2011.
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  • 80
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    The hydrostatic pressure dependence of the piezoelectric properties for the barium titanate and lead titanate crystals: Thermodynamic analysis (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Junjie Gao, Zhuo Xu, Fei Li, Chonghui Zhang, Yi Liu et al. The influence of the hydrostatic pressure on the piezoelectric response for tetragonal BaTiO and PbTiO monodomain crystals is investigated using LandauGinzburgDevonshire phenomenological approach. It is shown that hydrostatic pressure could enhance the piezoelectric properties in some directions of ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114111 (2011)] published Tue Jun 14, 2011.
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    Application of parametric equations of motion to study the laser induced multiphoton dissociation of H in intense laser field (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Dhruba J. Kalita, Akshay Rao, Ishir Rajvanshi, and Ashish K. Gupta We have applied parametric equations of motion (PEM) to study photodissociation dynamics of H. The resonances are extracted using smooth exterior scaling method. This is the first application of PEM to non-Hermitian Hamiltonian that includes resonances and the continuum. Here, we have studied how th ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224309 (2011)] published Tue Jun 14, 2011.
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    Experimental realization of broadband tunable resonators based on anisotropic metafluids (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Ignacio Spiousas, Daniel Torrent, and Jose Sanchez-Dehesa This letter demonstrates the mechanical tuning of modes confined in two-dimensional acoustic cavities based on anisotropic metafluids. The employed metafluids have been designed with effective parameters such that the radial component of the sound speed tensor keeps constant and the acoustic impedan ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 244102 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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  • 83
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    Driving intervalley scattering and impact ionization in InAs with intense terahertz pulses (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: I-Chen Ho and X.-C. Zhang We report intense terahertz (THz) pulses inducing intervalley scattering and impact ionization mechanisms in doped InAs crystals by THz pump-THz probe measurements. Two competing mechanisms are observed by varying the impurity doping type of the semiconductors and the strength of the THz field. For ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241908 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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  • 84
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    Enhanced performance of PbLaCaTiO/Pb(NbZrTi)O multilayer thin films for pyroelectric applications (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Q. G. Chi, X. Wang, W. L. Li, W. D. Fei, and Q. Q. Lei Taking advantage of the relatively low temperature crystallization and high orientation of thin films of PbLaCaTiO (PLCT), growth of a highly (100)-oriented PLCT/Pb(NbZrTi)O (PNZT) multilayer film on a Pt/Ti/SiO/Si substrate is achieved at a temperature as low as 450 degrees C. The interfacial diff ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242903 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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  • 85
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    Two-center black holes duality-invariants for stu model and its lower-rank descendants (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Sergio Ferrara, Alessio Marrani, Emanuele Orazi, Raymond Stora, and Armen Yeranyan We classify 2-center extremal black hole charge configurations through duality-invariant homogeneous polynomials, which are the generalization of the unique invariant quartic polynomial for single-center black holes based on homogeneous symmetric cubic special Ka hler geometries. A crucial role is p ... [J. Math. Phys. 52, 062302 (2011)] published Tue Jun 14, 2011.
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    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 86
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    A new grand canonical ensemble method to calculate first-order phase transitions (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-15
    Description: Yiping Tang A theory about first-order phase transition of pure fluids is proposed. The theory is developed by combining grand canonical ensemble with density functional for homogeneous fluids. It is based on the fact that the grand partition function of one macroscopic volume is the product of the grand partit ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 224508 (2011)] published Tue Jun 14, 2011.
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    Correlation of surface domain structure and magneto-impedance in amorphous microwires (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: M. Ipatov, A. Chizhik, V. Zhukova, J. Gonzalez, and A. Zhukov The correlation between surface domain structure (SDS) and high frequency magneto-impedance (MI) in amorphous microwires has been systematically studied. First, we applied the magneto-optical polarizing microscopy to determine the SDS and found that it is considerably different in unstressed microwi ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113924 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Nano-engineered defect structures in Ce- and Ho-doped metal-organic chemical vapor deposited YBaCuO films: Correlation of structure and chemistry with flux pinning performance (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: T. Aytug, Z. Chen, V. A. Maroni, D. J. Miller, C. Cantoni et al. This study reports on the fabrication of metal-organic chemical vapor deposited (MOCVD) YBaCuO (YBCO) films doped with varying amounts of Ce and Ho and the characterization of their electrical, microstructural, and chemical properties. The films are prepared by vapor phase deposition of a Y-Ba-Cu pr ... [J. Appl. Phys. 109, 113923 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Trapping of implanted He at Cu/Nb interfaces measured by neutron reflectometry (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Mikhail Zhernenkov, Michael S. Jablin, Amit Misra, Michael Nastasi, Yongqiang Wang et al. Neutron reflectometry is used to characterize physical vapor deposited [Cu/Nb]/Si layered nanocomposites exposed to extreme helium ion doses. The effects of He ions on the interfacial roughness, layer swelling, and chemical mixing have been measured. Regions of high He concentration were localized a ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241913 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Far-field subwavelength imaging for ultrasonic elastic waves in a plate using an elastic hyperlens (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Hyung Jin Lee, Hoe Woong Kim, and Yoon Young Kim Subwavelength imaging was experimentally performed for ultrasonic elastic waves by using an angularly stratified plat, an elastic plate hyperlens. It consists of alternating layers of aluminum and air, exhibiting a large contrast in elastic stiffness. A specially configured experimental setup is use ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241912 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    The impact of temperature and strain-induced band gap variations on current competition and emitter power in laser bars (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: C. K. Amuzuvi, S. Bull, J. W. Tomm, J. Nagle, B. Sumpf et al. We report on current competition and emitter power distributions of unaged 650 nm red-emitting and 980 nm infrared tapered high-power laser bars. We observe a correlation between temperature and packaging-induced strain with respect to the emitter output power. A frown-shaped profile of the output p ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 241108 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    In situ conductance measurements of copper phthalocyanine thin film growth on sapphire [0001] (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: Richard Murdey and Naoki Sato The current flowing through a thin film of copper phthalocyanine vacuum deposited on a single crystal sapphire [0001] surface was measured during film growth from 0 to 93 nm. The results, expressed as conductance vs. nominal film thickness, indicate three distinct film growth regions. Conductive mat ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 234702 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Further evidences of the quality of double-hybrid energy functionals for pi-conjugated systems (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: J. C. Sancho-Garcia Despite numerous interesting efforts along decades to improve the accuracy of density functionals with broad applicability, such as B3LYP, there are still large sets of molecular systems where improvements are badly needed. We select pi-conjugated systems as an example of the latter due to the subtl ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 234102 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Correlation between boson peak and anomalous elastic behavior in GeO glass: An in situ Raman scattering study under high-pressure (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-16
    Description: T. Deschamps, C. Martinet, D. de Ligny, J. L. Bruneel, and B. Champagnon We present low-frequency Raman scattering of pure GeO glass under pressure up to 4 GPa, corresponding to an elastic transformation. Intensity variation and frequency shift of the boson peak are analysed and compared to the Debye model. The decrease of the boson peak intensity scaled by the Debye ene ... [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 234503 (2011)] published Wed Jun 15, 2011.
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    Martian icecap hosts a massive CO deposit (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-17
    Description: Radar data reveal a solid reservoir that contains almost as much carbon dioxide as the planet’s entire atmosphere.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9228
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-0699
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    Painting with drops, jets, and sheets (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-17
    Description: A fluid dynamics analysis of Jackson Pollock’s technique opens his and other artists’ work to quantitative exploration.
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    A mirror gives light an extra twist (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-17
    Description: The contorted optical field aids the differentiation of chiral molecules, a result that confirms ideas first proposed last year.
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    Nitrided SrTiO as charge-trapping layer for nonvolatile memory applications (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: X. D. Huang, P. T. Lai, L. Liu, and J. P. Xu Charge-trapping characteristics of SrTiO with and without nitrogen incorporation were investigated based on Al/AlO/SrTiO/SiO/Si (MONOS) capacitors. A Ti-silicate interlayer at the SrTiO/SiO interface was confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Compared wit ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242905 (2011)] published Fri Jun 17, 2011.
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  • 99
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    Ferroelectric properties and dynamic scaling of oriented (KNa)NbO single crystals (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Shashaank Gupta and Shashank Priya In this letter, we report the dielectric and ferroelectric (FE) characteristics of potassium sodium niobate (KNaNbO) single crystals grown by flux method. Orientation analysis of as-grown cubical-shaped crystals was conducted by electron backscattered diffraction technique revealing the crystallogr ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 242906 (2011)] published Fri Jun 17, 2011.
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    Adiabatic magnetothermia makes possible the study of the temperature dependence of the heat dissipated by magnetic nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields (2011)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-18
    Description: Eva Natividad, Miguel Castro, and Arturo Mediano Determining the low-temperature dependence of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of magnetic nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields with amplitudes and frequencies similar to those used in applications such as magnetic fluid hyperthermia, becomes essential when theoretical expressions fail ... [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 243119 (2011)] published Fri Jun 17, 2011.
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