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  • American Physical Society (APS)  (18,604)
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  • 2015-2019
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  • 1
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    Deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystem research during the Census of Marine Life decade and beyond : a proposed deep-ocean road map (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e23259, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023259.
    Description: The ChEss project of the Census of Marine Life (2002–2010) helped foster internationally-coordinated studies worldwide focusing on exploration for, and characterization of new deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystem sites. This work has advanced our understanding of the nature and factors controlling the biogeography and biodiversity of these ecosystems in four geographic locations: the Atlantic Equatorial Belt (AEB), the New Zealand region, the Arctic and Antarctic and the SE Pacific off Chile. In the AEB, major discoveries include hydrothermal seeps on the Costa Rica margin, deepest vents found on the Mid-Cayman Rise and the hottest vents found on the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was also shown that the major fracture zones on the MAR do not create barriers for the dispersal but may act as trans-Atlantic conduits for larvae. In New Zealand, investigations of a newly found large cold-seep area suggest that this region may be a new biogeographic province. In the Arctic, the newly discovered sites on the Mohns Ridge (71°N) showed extensive mats of sulfur-oxidisng bacteria, but only one gastropod potentially bears chemosynthetic symbionts, while cold seeps on the Haakon Mossby Mud Volcano (72°N) are dominated by siboglinid worms. In the Antarctic region, the first hydrothermal vents south of the Polar Front were located and biological results indicate that they may represent a new biogeographic province. The recent exploration of the South Pacific region has provided evidence for a sediment hosted hydrothermal source near a methane-rich cold-seep area. Based on our 8 years of investigations of deep-water chemosynthetic ecosystems worldwide, we suggest highest priorities for future research: (i) continued exploration of the deep-ocean ridge-crest; (ii) increased focus on anthropogenic impacts; (iii) concerted effort to coordinate a major investigation of the deep South Pacific Ocean – the largest contiguous habitat for life within Earth's biosphere, but also the world's least investigated deep-ocean basin.
    Description: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for the ChEss-Census of Marine Life programme (2002–2010) and the SYNDEEP synthesis project (2009–2010) (www.coml.org). Fondation Total for the ChEss synthesis phase and SYNDEEP synthesis project (2007–2010) (http://fondation.total.com/). Petersen Fellowship in IFM-GEOMAR to CRG.
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  • 2
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    Toward an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of barnacle larval settlement : a comparative transcriptomic approach (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e22913, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022913.
    Description: The barnacle Balanus amphitrite is a globally distributed biofouler and a model species in intertidal ecology and larval settlement studies. However, a lack of genomic information has hindered the comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanisms coordinating its larval settlement. The pyrosequencing-based transcriptomic approach is thought to be useful to identify key molecular changes during larval settlement. Using 454 pyrosequencing, we collected totally 630,845 reads including 215,308 from the larval stages and 415,537 from the adults; 23,451 contigs were generated while 77,785 remained as singletons. We annotated 31,720 of the 92,322 predicted open reading frames, which matched hits in the NCBI NR database, and identified 7,954 putative genes that were differentially expressed between the larval and adult stages. Of these, several genes were further characterized with quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, revealing some key findings: 1) vitellogenin was uniquely expressed in late nauplius stage, suggesting it may be an energy source for the subsequent non-feeding cyprid stage; 2) the locations of mannose receptors suggested they may be involved in the sensory system of cyprids; 3) 20 kDa-cement protein homologues were expressed in the cyprid cement gland and probably function during attachment; and 4) receptor tyrosine kinases were expressed higher in cyprid stage and may be involved in signal perception during larval settlement. Our results provide not only the basis of several new hypotheses about gene functions during larval settlement, but also the availability of this large transcriptome dataset in B. amphitrite for further exploration of larval settlement and developmental pathways in this important marine species.
    Description: This work was supported by grants (N-HKUST602/09 and AoE/P-04/04-II) from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and an award (SA-C0040/UK-C0016) made by KAUST to P-Y Qian.
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  • 3
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    Pathways of carbon and energy metabolism of the epibiotic community associated with the deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Authors, 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16018, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016018.
    Description: The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates the faunal biomass at many deep-sea hydrothermal vent sites at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In its enlarged gill chamber it harbors a specialized epibiotic bacterial community for which a nutritional role has been proposed. We analyzed specimens from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge by complementing a 16S rRNA gene survey with the analysis of genes involved in carbon, sulfur and hydrogen metabolism. In addition to Epsilon- and Gammaproteobacteria, the epibiotic community unexpectedly also consists of Deltaproteobacteria of a single phylotype, closely related to the genus Desulfocapsa. The association of these phylogenetic groups with the shrimp was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Based on functional gene analyses, we hypothesize that the Gamma- and Epsilonproteobacteria are capable of autotrophic growth by oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds, and that the Deltaproteobacteria are also involved in sulfur metabolism. In addition, the detection of proteobacterial hydrogenases indicates the potential for hydrogen oxidation in these communities. Interestingly, the frequency of these phylotypes in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from the mouthparts differ from that of the inner lining of the gill chamber, indicating potential functional compartmentalization. Our data show the specific association of autotrophic bacteria with Rimicaris exoculata from the Snake Pit hydrothermal vent field, and suggest that autotrophic carbon fixation is contributing to the productivity of the epibiotic community with the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle as one important carbon fixation pathway. This has not been considered in previous studies of carbon fixation and stable carbon isotope composition of the shrimp and its epibionts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of sulfur-oxidizing and sulfur-reducing epibionts raises the possibility that both may be involved in the syntrophic exchange of sulfur compounds, which could increase the overall efficiency of this epibiotic community.
    Description: Funding was provided through NSF grant OCE-0452333 and the Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg Greifswald, Germany (SMS), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG) Cluster of Excellence at Marum, and MOMARnet (ND, JMP), and IFM-GEOMAR (MH, JFI).
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  • 4
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    Tactical release of a sexually-selected pheromone in a swordtail fish (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Authors, 2010. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16994, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016994.
    Description: Chemical communication plays a critical role in sexual selection and speciation in fishes; however, it is generally assumed that most fish pheromones are passively released since most fishes lack specialized scent glands or scent-marking behavior. Swordtails (genus Xiphophorus) are widely used in studies of female mate choice, and female response to male chemical cues is important to sexual selection, reproductive isolation, and hybridization. However, it is unclear whether females are attending to passively produced cues, or to pheromones produced in the context of communication. We used fluorescein dye injections to visualize pulsed urine release in male sheepshead swordtails, Xiphophorus birchmanni. Simultaneous-choice assays of mating preference showed that females attend to species- and sex-specific chemical cues emitted in male urine. Males urinated more frequently in the presence and proximity of an audience (conspecific females). In the wild, males preferentially courted upstream of females, facilitating transmission of pheromone cues. Males in a teleost fish have evolved sophisticated temporal and spatial control of pheromone release, comparable to that found in terrestrial animals. Pheromones are released specifically in a communicative context, and the timing and positioning of release favors efficient signal transmission.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (www.nsf.gov), IOB-0447665.
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  • 5
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    Beyond R0 : demographic models for variability of lifetime reproductive output (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e20809, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0020809.
    Description: The net reproductive rate measures the expected lifetime reproductive output of an individual, and plays an important role in demography, ecology, evolution, and epidemiology. Well-established methods exist to calculate it from age- or stage-classified demographic data. As an expectation, provides no information on variability; empirical measurements of lifetime reproduction universally show high levels of variability, and often positive skewness among individuals. This is often interpreted as evidence of heterogeneity, and thus of an opportunity for natural selection. However, variability provides evidence of heterogeneity only if it exceeds the level of variability to be expected in a cohort of identical individuals all experiencing the same vital rates. Such comparisons require a way to calculate the statistics of lifetime reproduction from demographic data. Here, a new approach is presented, using the theory of Markov chains with rewards, obtaining all the moments of the distribution of lifetime reproduction. The approach applies to age- or stage-classified models, to constant, periodic, or stochastic environments, and to any kind of reproductive schedule. As examples, I analyze data from six empirical studies, of a variety of animal and plant taxa (nematodes, polychaetes, humans, and several species of perennial plants).
    Description: Supported by National Science Foundation Grant DEB-0816514 and by a Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
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  • 6
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    Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 the First Genome of a Marine Fe(II) Oxidizing Zetaproteobacterium (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e25386, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025386.
    Description: Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1 has provided the first genome of the recently discovered Zetaproteobacteria subdivision. Genome analysis reveals a complete TCA cycle, the ability to fix CO2, carbon-storage proteins and a sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). The latter could facilitate the transport of carbohydrates across the cell membrane and possibly aid in stalk formation, a matrix composed of exopolymers and/or exopolysaccharides, which is used to store oxidized iron minerals outside the cell. Two-component signal transduction system genes, including histidine kinases, GGDEF domain genes, and response regulators containing CheY-like receivers, are abundant and widely distributed across the genome. Most of these are located in close proximity to genes required for cell division, phosphate uptake and transport, exopolymer and heavy metal secretion, flagellar biosynthesis and pilus assembly suggesting that these functions are highly regulated. Similar to many other motile, microaerophilic bacteria, genes encoding aerotaxis as well as antioxidant functionality (e.g., superoxide dismutases and peroxidases) are predicted to sense and respond to oxygen gradients, as would be required to maintain cellular redox balance in the specialized habitat where M. ferrooxydans resides. Comparative genomics with other Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria residing in freshwater and marine environments revealed similar content, synteny, and amino acid similarity of coding sequences potentially involved in Fe(II) oxidation, signal transduction and response regulation, oxygen sensation and detoxification, and heavy metal resistance. This study has provided novel insights into the molecular nature of Zetaproteobacteria.
    Description: Funding has been provided by the NSF Microbial Observatories Program (KJE, DE), NSF’s Science and Technology Program, by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (KJE), the College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences at the University of Southern California (KJE), and by the NASA Astrobiology Institute (KJE, DE). Advanced Light Source analyses at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are supported by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science of the United States Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231).
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  • 7
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    Optimal stimulus shapes for neuronal excitation (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS Computational Biology 7 (2011): e1002089, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002089.
    Description: An important problem in neuronal computation is to discern how features of stimuli control the timing of action potentials. One aspect of this problem is to determine how an action potential, or spike, can be elicited with the least energy cost, e.g., a minimal amount of applied current. Here we show in the Hodgkin & Huxley model of the action potential and in experiments on squid giant axons that: 1) spike generation in a neuron can be highly discriminatory for stimulus shape and 2) the optimal stimulus shape is dependent upon inputs to the neuron. We show how polarity and time course of post-synaptic currents determine which of these optimal stimulus shapes best excites the neuron. These results are obtained mathematically using the calculus of variations and experimentally using a stochastic search methodology. Our findings reveal a surprising complexity of computation at the single cell level that may be relevant for understanding optimization of signaling in neurons and neuronal networks.
    Description: This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 and NIH grant R01 HL718884 to DP. DBF is an AFOSR Young Investigator (FA 9550-08-01-0076).
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  • 8
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    Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations – initial interpretations (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e16153, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016153.
    Description: Seamounts are unique deep-sea features that create habitats thought to have high levels of endemic fauna, productive fisheries and benthic communities vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. Many seamounts are isolated features, occurring in the high seas, where access is limited and thus biological data scarce. There are numerous seamounts within the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), yet high winds, frequent storms and strong currents make seafloor sampling particularly difficult. As a result, few attempts to collect biological data have been made, leading to a paucity of information on benthic habitats or fauna in this area, particularly those on primarily hard-bottom seamounts and ridges. During a research cruise in 2008 six locations were examined (two on the Antarctic margin, one on the Shackleton Fracture Zone, and three on seamounts within the Drake Passage), using a towed camera with onboard instruments to measure conductivity, temperature, depth and turbidity. Dominant fauna and bottom type were categorized from 200 randomized photos from each location. Cold-water corals were present in high numbers in habitats both on the Antarctic margin and on the current swept seamounts of the Drake Passage, though the diversity of orders varied. Though the Scleractinia (hard corals) were abundant on the sedimented margin, they were poorly represented in the primarily hard-bottom areas of the central Drake Passage. The two seamount sites and the Shackleton Fracture Zone showed high numbers of stylasterid (lace) and alcyonacean (soft) corals, as well as large numbers of sponges. Though data are preliminary, the geological and environmental variability (particularly in temperature) between sample sites may be influencing cold-water coral biogeography in this region. Each area observed also showed little similarity in faunal diversity with other sites examined for this study within all phyla counted. This manuscript highlights how little is understood of these isolated features, particularly in Polar regions.
    Description: This work was funded by the National Science Foundation’s Antarctic Earth Sciences Program (ANT0636787 awarded to LFR and RGW) and a CenSeam minigrant (awarded to RGW), and RGW is supported by a SOEST Young Investigator Fellowship from the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
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  • 9
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    Beaked whales respond to simulated and actual navy sonar (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e17009, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017009.
    Description: Beaked whales have mass stranded during some naval sonar exercises, but the cause is unknown. They are difficult to sight but can reliably be detected by listening for echolocation clicks produced during deep foraging dives. Listening for these clicks, we documented Blainville's beaked whales, Mesoplodon densirostris, in a naval underwater range where sonars are in regular use near Andros Island, Bahamas. An array of bottom-mounted hydrophones can detect beaked whales when they click anywhere within the range. We used two complementary methods to investigate behavioral responses of beaked whales to sonar: an opportunistic approach that monitored whale responses to multi-day naval exercises involving tactical mid-frequency sonars, and an experimental approach using playbacks of simulated sonar and control sounds to whales tagged with a device that records sound, movement, and orientation. Here we show that in both exposure conditions beaked whales stopped echolocating during deep foraging dives and moved away. During actual sonar exercises, beaked whales were primarily detected near the periphery of the range, on average 16 km away from the sonar transmissions. Once the exercise stopped, beaked whales gradually filled in the center of the range over 2–3 days. A satellite tagged whale moved outside the range during an exercise, returning over 2–3 days post-exercise. The experimental approach used tags to measure acoustic exposure and behavioral reactions of beaked whales to one controlled exposure each of simulated military sonar, killer whale calls, and band-limited noise. The beaked whales reacted to these three sound playbacks at sound pressure levels below 142 dB re 1 µPa by stopping echolocation followed by unusually long and slow ascents from their foraging dives. The combined results indicate similar disruption of foraging behavior and avoidance by beaked whales in the two different contexts, at exposures well below those used by regulators to define disturbance.
    Description: The research reported here was financially supported by the United States (U.S.) Office of Naval Research (www.onr.navy.mil) Grants N00014-07-10988, N00014-07-11023, N00014-08-10990; the U.S. Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (www.serdp.org) Grant SI-1539, the Environmental Readiness Division of the U.S. Navy (http://www.navy.mil/local/n45/), the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division (Undersea Surveillance), the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Science and Technology) (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/), U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acoustics Program (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/acoustics/), and the Joint Industry Program on Sound and Marine Life of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (www.soundandmarinelife.org).
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  • 10
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    Evolution of a major drug metabolizing enzyme defect in the domestic cat and other felidae : phylogenetic timing and the role of hypercarnivory (2011)
    Public Library of Science
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This is an open-access article, free of all copyright. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6(2011): e18046, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018046.
    Description: The domestic cat (Felis catus) shows remarkable sensitivity to the adverse effects of phenolic drugs, including acetaminophen and aspirin, as well as structurally-related toxicants found in the diet and environment. This idiosyncrasy results from pseudogenization of the gene encoding UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A6, the major species-conserved phenol detoxification enzyme. Here, we established the phylogenetic timing of disruptive UGT1A6 mutations and explored the hypothesis that gene inactivation in cats was enabled by minimal exposure to plant-derived toxicants. Fixation of the UGT1A6 pseudogene was estimated to have occurred between 35 and 11 million years ago with all extant Felidae having dysfunctional UGT1A6. Out of 22 additional taxa sampled, representative of most Carnivora families, only brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) and northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) showed inactivating UGT1A6 mutations. A comprehensive literature review of the natural diet of the sampled taxa indicated that all species with defective UGT1A6 were hypercarnivores (〉70% dietary animal matter). Furthermore those species with UGT1A6 defects showed evidence for reduced amino acid constraint (increased dN/dS ratios approaching the neutral selection value of 1.0) as compared with species with intact UGT1A6. In contrast, there was no evidence for reduced amino acid constraint for these same species within UGT1A1, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for detoxification of endogenously generated bilirubin. Our results provide the first evidence suggesting that diet may have played a permissive role in the devolution of a mammalian drug metabolizing enzyme. Further work is needed to establish whether these preliminary findings can be generalized to all Carnivora.
    Description: Binu Shrestha was supported by a Fulbright scholarship from the United States Department of State. This project was funded by grant R01GM061834 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, contract N01-CO-12400 from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and by the Intramural Research Program, NCI Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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  • 11
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    Diversity and dynamics of a widespread bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e22965, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022965.
    Description: Historically, cosmopolitan phytoplankton species were presumed to represent largely unstructured populations. However, the recent development of molecular tools to examine genetic diversity have revealed differences in phytoplankton taxa across geographic scales and provided insight into the physiology and ecology of blooms. Here we describe the genetic analysis of an extensive bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense that occurred in the Gulf of Maine in 2005. This bloom was notable for its intensity and duration, covering hundreds of kilometers and persisting for almost two months. Genotypic analyses based on microsatellite marker data indicate that the open waters of the northeastern U.S. harbor a single regional population of A. fundyense comprising two genetically distinct sub-populations. These subpopulations were characteristic of early- and late-bloom samples and were derived from the northern and southern areas of the bloom, respectively. The temporal changes observed during this study provide clear evidence of succession during a continuous bloom and show that selection can act on the timescale of weeks to significantly alter the representation of genotypes within a population. The effects of selection on population composition and turnover would be magnified if sexual reproduction were likewise influenced by environmental conditions. We hypothesize that the combined effects of differential growth and reproduction rates serves to reduce gene flow between the sub-populations, reinforcing population structure while maintaining the diversity of the overall regional population.
    Description: This work was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1-P50-ES012742 to DMA and DLE), by the National Science Foundation through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (OCE-0430724), and by the ECOHAB program (NOAA Grant NA06NOS4780245).
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  • 12
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    A novel lineage of proteobacteria involved in formation of marine Fe-oxidizing microbial mat communities (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2007. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 2 (2007): e667, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000667.
    Description: For decades it has been recognized that neutrophilic Fe-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) are associated with hydrothermal venting of Fe(II)-rich fluids associated with seamounts in the world's oceans. The evidence was based almost entirely on the mineralogical remains of the microbes, which themselves had neither been brought into culture or been assigned to a specific phylogenetic clade. We have used both cultivation and cultivation-independent techniques to study Fe-rich microbial mats associated with hydrothermal venting at Loihi Seamount, a submarine volcano. Using gradient enrichment techniques, two iron-oxidizing bacteria, strains PV-1 and JV-1, were isolated. Chemolithotrophic growth was observed under microaerobic conditions; Fe(II) and Fe0 were the only energy sources that supported growth. Both strains produced filamentous stalk-like structures composed of multiple nanometer sized fibrils of Fe-oxyhydroxide. These were consistent with mineralogical structures found in the iron mats. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene demonstrated that strains PV-1 and JV-1 were identical and formed a monophyletic group deeply rooted within the Proteobacteria. The most similar sequence (85.3% similarity) from a cultivated isolate came from Methylophaga marina. Phylogenetic analysis of the RecA and GyrB protein sequences confirmed that these strains are distantly related to other members of the Proteobacteria. A cultivation-independent analysis of the SSU rRNA gene by terminal-restriction fragment (T-RF) profiling showed that this phylotype was most common in a variety of microbial mats collected at different times and locations at Loihi. On the basis of phylogenetic and physiological data, it is proposed that isolate PV-1T ( = 1ATCC BAA-1019: JCM 14766) represents the type strain of a novel species in a new genus, Mariprofundus ferrooxydans gen. nov., sp. nov. Furthermore, the strain is the first cultured representative of a new candidatus class of the Proteobacteria that is widely distributed in deep-sea environments, Candidatus ζ (zeta)-Proteobacteria cl. nov.
    Description: Funding was provided to DE and CLM by the National Science Foundation (0348330) and to DE through the NASA Astobiology Institute.
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  • 13
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    Superfast vocal muscles control song production in songbirds (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2008. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 3 (2008): e2581, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002581.
    Description: Birdsong is a widely used model for vocal learning and human speech, which exhibits high temporal and acoustic diversity. Rapid acoustic modulations are thought to arise from the vocal organ, the syrinx, by passive interactions between the two independent sound generators or intrinsic nonlinear dynamics of sound generating structures. Additionally, direct neuromuscular control could produce such rapid and precisely timed acoustic features if syringeal muscles exhibit rare superfast muscle contractile kinetics. However, no direct evidence exists that avian vocal muscles can produce modulations at such high rates. Here, we show that 1) syringeal muscles are active in phase with sound modulations during song over 200 Hz, 2) direct stimulation of the muscles in situ produces sound modulations at the frequency observed during singing, and that 3) syringeal muscles produce mechanical work at the required frequencies and up to 250 Hz in vitro. The twitch kinematics of these so-called superfast muscles are the fastest measured in any vertebrate muscle. Superfast vocal muscles enable birds to directly control the generation of many observed rapid acoustic changes and to actuate the millisecond precision of neural activity into precise temporal vocal control. Furthermore, birds now join the list of vertebrate classes in which superfast muscle kinetics evolved independently for acoustic communication.
    Description: This study was funded by NIH DC04390 and DC06876 to FG, and NIH AR38404-20 and NIH AR46125 to LCR. The work was also supported by a grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Health to LCR.
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  • 14
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    Analysis of expressed sequence tags of the cyclically parthenogenetic rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2007. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 2 (2007): e671, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000671.
    Description: Rotifers are among the most common non-arthropod animals and are the most experimentally tractable members of the basal assemblage of metazoan phyla known as Gnathifera. The monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilis is a developing model system for ecotoxicology, aquatic ecology, cryptic speciation, and the evolution of sex, and is an important food source for finfish aquaculture. However, basic knowledge of the genome and transcriptome of any rotifer species has been lacking. We generated and partially sequenced a cDNA library from B. plicatilis and constructed a database of over 2300 expressed sequence tags corresponding to more than 450 transcripts. About 20% of the transcripts had no significant similarity to database sequences by BLAST; most of these contained open reading frames of significant length but few had recognized Pfam motifs. Sixteen transcripts accounted for 25% of the ESTs; four of these had no significant similarity to BLAST or Pfam databases. Putative up- and downstream untranslated regions are relatively short and AT rich. In contrast to bdelloid rotifers, there was no evidence of a conserved trans-spliced leader sequence among the transcripts and most genes were single-copy. Despite the small size of this EST project it revealed several important features of the rotifer transcriptome and of individual monogonont genes. Because there is little genomic data for Gnathifera, the transcripts we found with no known function may represent genes that are species-, class-, phylum- or even superphylum-specific; the fact that some are among the most highly expressed indicates their importance. The absence of trans-spliced leader exons in this monogonont species contrasts with their abundance in bdelloid rotifers and indicates that the presence of this phenomenon can vary at the subphylum level. Our EST database provides a relatively large quantity of transcript-level data for B. plicatilis, and more generally of rotifers and other gnathiferan phyla, and can be browsed and searched at gmod.mbl.edu.
    Description: This research was supported by the Nagasaki Prefecture Collaboration of Regional Entities for the Advancement of Technological Excellence, Japan Science and Technology Agency to KS, YT, YS and AH, and US NSF grants EF-0412674 and MCB-0544199 to DMW.
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    Climate change, precipitation and impacts on an estuarine refuge from disease (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e18849, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018849.
    Description: Oysters play important roles in estuarine ecosystems but have suffered recently due to overfishing, pollution, and habitat loss. A tradeoff between growth rate and disease prevalence as a function of salinity makes the estuarine salinity transition of special concern for oyster survival and restoration. Estuarine salinity varies with discharge, so increases or decreases in precipitation with climate change may shift regions of low salinity and disease refuge away from optimal oyster bottom habitat, negatively impacting reproduction and survival. Temperature is an additional factor for oyster survival, and recent temperature increases have increased vulnerability to disease in higher salinity regions. We examined growth, reproduction, and survival of oysters in the New York Harbor-Hudson River region, focusing on a low-salinity refuge in the estuary. Observations were during two years when rainfall was above average and comparable to projected future increases in precipitation in the region and a past period of about 15 years with high precipitation. We found a clear tradeoff between oyster growth and vulnerability to disease. Oysters survived well when exposed to intermediate salinities during two summers (2008, 2010) with moderate discharge conditions. However, increased precipitation and discharge in 2009 reduced salinities in the region with suitable benthic habitat, greatly increasing oyster mortality. To evaluate the estuarine conditions over longer periods, we applied a numerical model of the Hudson to simulate salinities over the past century. Model results suggest that much of the region with suitable benthic habitat that historically had been a low salinity refuge region may be vulnerable to higher mortality under projected increases in precipitation and discharge. Predicted increases in precipitation in the northeastern United States due to climate change may lower salinities past important thresholds for oyster survival in estuarine regions with appropriate substrate, potentially disrupting metapopulation dynamics and impeding oyster restoration efforts, especially in the Hudson estuary where a large basin constitutes an excellent refuge from disease.
    Description: Funding was provided by the Hudson River Foundation, grant number 00607A, and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (MOU 2008).
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    The taxonomic and functional diversity of microbes at a temperate coastal site : a ‘multi-omic’ study of seasonal and diel temporal variation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Authors, 2010. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 5 (2010): e15545, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015545.
    Description: How microbial communities change over time in response to the environment is poorly understood. Previously a six-year time series of 16S rRNA V6 data from the Western English Channel demonstrated robust seasonal structure within the bacterial community, with diversity negatively correlated with day-length. Here we determine whether metagenomes and metatranscriptomes follow similar patterns. We generated 16S rRNA datasets, metagenomes (1.2 GB) and metatranscriptomes (157 MB) for eight additional time points sampled in 2008, representing three seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer) and including day and night samples. This is the first microbial ‘multi-omic’ study to combine 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing with metagenomic and metatranscriptomic profiling. Five main conclusions can be drawn from analysis of these data: 1) Archaea follow the same seasonal patterns as Bacteria, but show lower relative diversity; 2) Higher 16S rRNA diversity also reflects a higher diversity of transcripts; 3) Diversity is highest in winter and at night; 4) Community-level changes in 16S-based diversity and metagenomic profiles are better explained by seasonal patterns (with samples closest in time being most similar), while metatranscriptomic profiles are better explained by diel patterns and shifts in particular categories (i.e., functional groups) of genes; 5) Changes in key genes occur among seasons and between day and night (i.e., photosynthesis); but these samples contain large numbers of orphan genes without known homologues and it is these unknown gene sets that appear to contribute most towards defining the differences observed between times. Despite the huge diversity of these microbial communities, there are clear signs of predictable patterns and detectable stability over time. Renewed and intensified efforts are required to reveal fundamental deterministic patterns in the most complex microbial communities. Further, the presence of a substantial proportion of orphan sequences underscores the need to determine the gene products of sequences with currently unknown function.
    Description: Funding for this work was provided by a Natural Environmental Research Council (www.nerc.ac.uk) grant, NE/F00138X/1.
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    The relationship among oceanography, prey fields, and beaked whale foraging habitat in the Tongue of the Ocean (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e19269, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019269.
    Description: Beaked whales, specifically Blainville's (Mesoplodon densirostris) and Cuvier's (Ziphius cavirostris), are known to feed in the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas. These whales can be reliably detected and often localized within the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic sensor system. The AUTEC range is a regularly spaced bottom mounted hydrophone array covering 〉350 nm2 providing a valuable network to record anthropogenic noise and marine mammal vocalizations. Assessments of the potential risks of noise exposure to beaked whales have historically occurred in the absence of information about the physical and biological environments in which these animals are distributed. In the fall of 2008, we used a downward looking 38 kHz SIMRAD EK60 echosounder to measure prey scattering layers concurrent with fine scale turbulence measurements from an autonomous turbulence profiler. Using an 8 km, 4-leaf clover sampling pattern, we completed a total of 7.5 repeat surveys with concurrently measured physical and biological oceanographic parameters, so as to examine the spatiotemporal scales and relationships among turbulence levels, biological scattering layers, and beaked whale foraging activity. We found a strong correlation among increased prey density and ocean vertical structure relative to increased click densities. Understanding the habitats of these whales and their utilization patterns will improve future models of beaked whale habitat as well as allowing more comprehensive assessments of exposure risk to anthropogenic sound.
    Description: The data collection and analysis was funded by the Office of Naval Research as N00014-08-1-1162.
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    The Genomic Standards Consortium (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS Biology 9 (2011): e1001088, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001088.
    Description: A vast and rich body of information has grown up as a result of the world's enthusiasm for 'omics technologies. Finding ways to describe and make available this information that maximise its usefulness has become a major effort across the 'omics world. At the heart of this effort is the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC), an open-membership organization that drives community-based standardization activities, Here we provide a short history of the GSC, provide an overview of its range of current activities, and make a call for the scientific community to join forces to improve the quality and quantity of contextual information about our public collections of genomes, metagenomes, and marker gene sequences.
    Description: NERC International Opportunities Fund Award NE/3521773/1 and NE/E007325/1 (http://www.nerc. ac.uk/funding/) and National Science Foundation grant RCN4GSC, DBI-0840989 (http://www.nsf.gov/funding/).
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    Exploring the diversity of Gardnerella vaginalis in the genitourinary tract microbiota of monogamous couples through subtle nucleotide variation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in PLoS One 6 (2011): e26732, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026732.
    Description: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an enigmatic disease of unknown origin that affects a large percentage of women. The vaginal microbiota of women with BV is associated with serious sequelae, including abnormal pregnancies. The etiology of BV is not fully understood, however, it has been suggested that it is transmissible, and that G. vaginalis may be an etiological agent. Studies using enzymatic assays to define G. vaginalis biotypes, as well as more recent genomic comparisons of G. vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women, suggest that particular G. vaginalis strains may play a key role in the pathogenesis of BV. To explore G. vaginalis diversity, distribution and sexual transmission, we developed a Shannon entropy-based method to analyze low-level sequence variation in 65,710 G. vaginalis 16S rRNA gene segments that were PCR-amplified from vaginal samples of 53 monogamous women and from urethral and penile skin samples of their male partners. We observed a high degree of low-level diversity among G. vaginalis sequences with a total of 46 unique sequence variants (oligotypes), and also found strong correlations of these oligotypes between sexual partners. Even though Gram stain-defined normal and some Gram stain-defined intermediate oligotype profiles clustered together in UniFrac analysis, no single G. vaginalis oligotype was found to be specific to BV or normal vaginal samples. This study describes a novel method for investigating G. vaginalis diversity at a low level of taxonomic discrimination. The findings support cultivation-based studies that indicate sexual partners harbor the same strains of G. vaginalis. This study also highlights the fact that a few, reproducible nucleotide variations within the 16S rRNA gene can reveal clinical or epidemiological associations that would be missed by genus-level or species-level categorization of 16S rRNA data.
    Description: This work is supported by funding from the Research Institute for Children in New Orleans and NIH grant 5RO1AI79071-2.
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    Phase and amplitude of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in nonlinear three-terminal transport through a double quantum dot (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): Toshihiro Kubo, Yuki Ichigo, and Yasuhiro Tokura We study three-terminal linear and nonlinear transport through an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer containing a double quantum dot using the nonequilibrium Green function method. Under the condition that one of the three terminals is a voltage probe, we show that the linear conductance is symmetric with... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235310] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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    Photoreflectance study of the fundamental optical properties of (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial films (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): O. Yastrubchak, J. Żuk, H. Krzyżanowska, J. Z. Domagala, T. Andrearczyk, J. Sadowski, and T. Wosinski Fundamental optical properties of thin films of the (Ga,Mn)As diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with low ( 1 % – 2 % ) and high ( 4 % – 6 % ) Mn content and of a reference GaAs film, grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy, have been investigated by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. In addition, the... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 245201] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
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  • 22
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    Shear viscosity in weakly coupled N-component scalar field theories (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): Jiunn-Wei Chen, Mei Huang, Chang-Tse Hsieh, and Han-Hsin Lin The rich phenomena of the shear viscosity ( η ) to entropy density ( s ) ratio, η / s , in weakly coupled N -component scalar field theories are studied. η / s can have a “double dip” behavior due to resonances and the phase transition. If an explicit Goldstone mass term is added, then η / s can either decrease... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 115006] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
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  • 23
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    Single-particle and collective structures in ^{55}Cr and ^{55}V (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): A. N. Deacon, D. Steppenbeck, S. Zhu, S. J. Freeman, R. V. F. Janssens, M. P. Carpenter, B. Fornal, M. Honma, B. P. Kay, F. G. Kondev, J. Kozemczak, A. Larabee, T. Lauritsen, C. J. Lister, A. P. Robinson, D. Seweryniak, J. F. Smith, Y. Sun, X. Wang, F. R. Xu, and Y.-C. Yang Excited states in 55 V and 55 Cr have been populated via pn and 2 n evaporation channels, respectively, following the fusion of a 48 Ca beam at 172 MeV with a 9 Be target. Level schemes have been deduced for the two nuclides to excitation energies of 7467 ( 55 V ) and 12226 keV ( 55 Cr ), with spins of 27/ 2 + a... [Phys. Rev. C 83, 064305] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-490X
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  • 24
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    Mutually unbiased bases in six dimensions: The four most distant bases (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Philippe Raynal, Xin Lü, and Berthold-Georg Englert We consider the average distance between four bases in six dimensions. The distance between two orthonormal bases vanishes when the bases are the same, and the distance reaches its maximal value of unity when the bases are unbiased. We perform a numerical search for the maximum average distance and ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062303] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum information
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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  • 25
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    Informational power of quantum measurements (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Michele Dall’Arno, Giacomo Mauro D’Ariano, and Massimiliano F. Sacchi We introduce the informational power of a quantum measurement as the maximum amount of classical information that the measurement can extract from any ensemble of quantum states. We prove the additivity by showing that the informational power corresponds to the classical capacity of a quantum-classi... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062304] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum information
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  • 26
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    Optical rogue waves in telecommunication data streams (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Sergey Vergeles and Sergei K. Turitsyn Large broadening of short optical pulses due to fiber dispersion leads to a strong overlap in information data streams resulting in statistical deviations of the local power from its average. We present a theoretical analysis of rare events of high-intensity fluctuations—optical freak waves—that occ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 061801] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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  • 27
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    Electron-impact excitation of singly charged metal ions (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): L. Sharma, A. Surzhykov, R. Srivastava, and S. Fritzsche Fully relativistic distorted-wave theory has been applied to study the electron-impact excitation of the ns 1/2 - np 1/2 and ns 1/2 - np 3/2 resonance transitions of singly charged metal ions with one valence electron, viz., Mg + ( n =3 ), Ca + ( n =4 ), Zn + ( n =4 ), Cd + ( n =5 ), and Ba + ( n =6 ). Calculations are perform... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062701] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
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  • 28
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    Exploring multiband excitations of interacting Bose gases in a one-dimensional optical lattice by coherent scattering (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Xinxing Liu, Xiaoji Zhou, Wei Zhang, Thibault Vogt, Bo Lu, Xuguang Yue, and Xuzong Chen We use a coherent Bragg diffraction method to impart an external momentum to ultracold bosonic atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice. This method is based on the application of a single light pulse, with conditions where scattering of photons can be resonantly amplified by atomic densit... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063604] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
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  • 29
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    Polarization effects in the decay of orthopositronium to three photons (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Frank M. Abel, Gregory S. Adkins, and Theodore J. Yoder We give results for the order- α radiative corrections to several polarization-related effects involving the decay of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) to three photons. Specifically, we consider the decays of spin-polarized o-Ps from states of specified spin component m into final states where the direction ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062502] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Nonlinear features of quantum fluctuations in a slow-inversion laser (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): E. G. Lariontsev We study the field correlation functions and the natural laser spectrum for a slow-inversion laser with the thresholdless intensity fluctuations. In such a laser, the spontaneous-emission-driven relaxation oscillations are responsible for some unique features: The field correlation function oscillat... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063803] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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    Multiple-scattering calculations for layered phononic structures of nonspherical particles (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): G. Gantzounis, N. Papanikolaou, and N. Stefanou We present an extension of the layer-multiple-scattering method to phononic crystals of nonspherical particles in a homogeneous host medium by employing the extended-boundary-condition technique for the description of the individual scatterers. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on specifi... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214301] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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    Publisher’s Note: Generation of bright quadricolor continuous-variable entanglement by four-wave-mixing process [Phys. Rev. A 83, 012321 (2011)] (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Y. B. Yu, J. T. Sheng, and M. Xiao [Phys. Rev. A 83, 069901] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Errata
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    Density of states spectra in ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Hao Meng, Lin Wen, Guo-Qiao Zha, and Shi-Ping Zhou We investigate density of states (DOS) spectra of a ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet structure by including the interface spin-flip scattering potential into the existing mean-field Hamiltonian. We show that the spin-flip scattering can lead to electron spin mixing in the vicinity of an FS int... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214506] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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    Floquet theory of Cooper pair pumping (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Angelo Russomanno, Stefano Pugnetti, Valentina Brosco, and Rosario Fazio We derive a general formula for the charge pumped in a superconducting nanocircuit. Our expression generalizes previous results in several ways; it is applicable in both the adiabatic and in the nonadiabatic regimes and it takes into account also the effect of an external environment. More specifica... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214508] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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    Local structural phenomena in pure and Ru-doped 0.9PbZn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3}O_{3}-0.1PbTiO_{3} near the morphotropic phase boundary as revealed by Raman spectroscopy (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): N. Waeselmann, B. Mihailova, B. J. Maier, C. Paulmann, M. Gospodinov, V. Marinova, and U. Bismayer The development of polar order in perovskite-type (ABO 3 ) solid solutions of relaxors and normal ferroelectrics is studied on the basis of the temperature dependence of polarized Raman spectra of pure and Ru-doped 0.9PbZn 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 -0.1PbTiO 3 (PZN-0.1PT) single crystals as well as complementary x-ray ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214104] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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    Thermodynamic and transport signatures of a fractionalized Fermi liquid (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Andreas Hackl and Ronny Thomale Several heavy-fermion metals display a quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic metal to a heavy Fermi liquid. In some materials, however, recent experiments seem to find that the heavy Fermi liquid phase can be directly tuned into a non-Fermi liquid phase without apparent magnetic order. ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235107] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Temperature dependence of Raman scattering from the high-pressure phases of Si induced by indentation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): B. C. Johnson, B. Haberl, J. E. Bradby, J. C. McCallum, and J. S. Williams A micro-Raman scattering study on the linewidth and frequency shift of Si-III and Si-XII produced by indentation is presented over the temperature range 80–300 K. Measurements are compared to the Raman lines originating from the Si-I substrate. The main Si-XII Raman line shows a strong dependence on... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235205] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
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    Optically injected mode-locked laser (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): N. Rebrova, G. Huyet, D. Rachinskii, and A. G. Vladimirov We study analytically and numerically a delay differential model of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser subjected to a single-frequency coherent injection. The width of the locking cone is calculated asymptotically in the limit of small injection and zero line-width enhancement factors and c... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 066202] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Chaos and pattern formation
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    Surface Wrinkling Patterns on a Core-Shell Soft Sphere (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-08
    Description: Author(s): Bo Li, Fei Jia, Yan-Ping Cao, Xi-Qiao Feng, and Huajian Gao The three-dimensional patterns of surface wrinkling on a core-shell soft sphere are investigated through buckling and postbuckling analyses under differential tissue growth or shrinkage. With increasing deformation, the sphere first exhibits a buckyball-like wrinkling pattern and then undergoes a wr... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 234301] Published Tue Jun 07, 2011
    Keywords: Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.
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    Nearly Flatbands with Nontrivial Topology (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): Kai Sun, Zhengcheng Gu, Hosho Katsura, and S. Das Sarma We report the theoretical discovery of a class of 2D tight-binding models containing nearly flatbands with nonzero Chern numbers. In contrast with previous studies, where nonlocal hoppings are usually required, the Hamiltonians of our models only require short-range hopping and have the potential to... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 236803] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
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    Weakly Coupled Pfaffian as a Type I Quantum Hall Liquid (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): S. A. Parameswaran, S. A. Kivelson, S. L. Sondhi, and B. Z. Spivak The Pfaffian phase in the proximity of a half-filled Landau level is understood to be a p + i p superconductor of composite fermions. We consider the properties of this paired quantum Hall phase when the pairing energy is small, i.e., in the weak-coupling, BCS limit, where the coherence length is much ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 236801] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
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    Gyrotaxis in a Steady Vortical Flow (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-07
    Description: Author(s): William M. Durham, Eric Climent, and Roman Stocker We show that gyrotactic motility within a steady vortical flow leads to tightly clustered aggregations of microorganisms. Two dimensionless numbers, characterizing the relative swimming speed and stability against overturning by vorticity, govern the coupling between motility and flow. Exploration o... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 238102] Published Mon Jun 06, 2011
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Entangling two distant nanocavities via a waveguide (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Hua-Tang Tan, Wei-Min Zhang, and Gao-xiang Li In this paper, we present a scheme for generating continuous-variable entanglement between two spatially separated nanocavities in photonic crystals, which are mediated by a coupled-resonator optical waveguide. The entanglement degree and purity of the generated states are investigated as varying th... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062310] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum information
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    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
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    Symmetry and vibrationally resolved absorption spectra near the N K edges of N_{2}O: Experiment and theory (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): M. Ehara, T. Horikawa, R. Fukuda, H. Nakatsuji, T. Tanaka, H. Kato, M. Hoshino, H. Tanaka, R. Feifel, and K. Ueda In this study, angle-resolved energetic-ion yield spectra were measured in the N 1 s excitation region of N 2 O. A Franck-Condon analysis based on ab initio two-dimensional potential energy surfaces of the core-excited Rydberg states, which were calculated by the symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062506] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Photoionization from the 5p ^{2}P_{3/2} state of rubidium (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Ali Nadeem and S. U. Haq We report two-step photoionization studies from the 5 p 2 P 3/2 excited state of rubidium using two dye lasers simultaneously pumped by a common Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. The photoionization cross section at the first ionization threshold is measured as 18.8 ± 3 ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063404] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular processes in external fields, including interactions with strong fields and short pulses
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    Theoretical study of the C^{-} ^{4}S_{3/2}^{o} and ^{2}D_{3/2,5/2}^{o} bound states and C ground configuration: Fine and hyperfine structures, isotope shifts, and transition probabilities (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): T. Carette and M. R. Godefroid This work is an ab initio study of the 2 p 3   4 S 3/2 o , and 2 D 3/2,5/2 o states of C - and 2 p 2   3 P 0,1,2 , 1 D 2 , and 1 S 0 states of neutral carbon. We use the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock approach, focusing on the accuracy of the wave function itself. We obtain all C - detachment thresholds, including correlat... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062505] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Positron attachment to the H_{2}(A ^{3}Σ_{u}) state (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): J. Mitroy and J. Y. Zhang The stochastic variational method is used to compute the binding energy for positrons attached to the repulsive H 2 ( A 3 Σ u ) state. Attachment occurs for internuclear separations between 1.616 a 0 and 1.818 a 0 . At these distances the vertical ionization potential for the H 2 ( A 3 Σ u ) state is close to the ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 064701] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular collisions and interactions
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    Manifestly gauge-independent formulations of the Z_{2} invariants (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Emil Prodan We use a “monodromy” argument to derive new expressions for the Z 2 invariants of topological insulators with time-reversal symmetry in two and three dimensions. The derivations and the final expressions do not require any gauge choice and the calculation of the invariants is based entirely on the pr... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235115] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    High-temperature surface superconductivity in topological flat-band systems (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): N. B. Kopnin, T. T. Heikkilä, and G. E. Volovik We show that the topologically protected flat band emerging on a surface of a nodal fermionic system promotes the surface superconductivity due to an infinitely large density of states associated with the flat band. The critical temperature depends linearly on the pairing interaction and can be thus... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 220503] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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    Collective two-particle resonances induced by photon entanglement (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Marten Richter and Shaul Mukamel An assembly of noninteracting atoms may become correlated upon interaction with entangled photons, and certain elements of their joint density matrix can then show collective resonances. We explore experimental signatures of these resonances in the nonlinear response of a pair of two-level atoms. We... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063805] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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    Two-dimensional Fe-based half-metals with vanishing net magnetization (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Masao Nakao We discuss quasi-two-dimensional (2D) half-metallic (HM) antiferromagnets (AFMs), or fully compensated half-metallic ferrimagnets, that have no spontaneous magnetization, yet have 100% spin polarization of their conduction electrons. Using a full-potential augmented plane-wave method within density ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214404] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Magnetism
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    Finite-temperature phase diagram of the three-dimensional hard-core bosonic t-J model (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Yuki Nakano, Takumi Ishima, Naohiro Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Sakakibara, Ikuo Ichinose, and Tetsuo Matsui We study the three-dimensional bosonic t - J model, that is, the t - J model of “bosonic electrons” at finite temperatures. This model describes a system of an isotropic antiferromagnet with doped bosonic holes and is closely related to systems of two-component bosons in an optical lattice. The bosonic ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235116] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    First-principles electronic structure and relative stability of pyrite and marcasite: Implications for photovoltaic performance (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Ruoshi Sun, M. K. Y. Chan, and G. Ceder Despite the many advantages (e.g., suitable band gap, exceptional optical absorptivity, earth abundance) of pyrite as a photovoltaic material, its low open-circuit voltage (OCV) has remained the biggest challenge preventing its use in practical devices. Two of the most widely accepted reasons for th... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235311] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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    Distinguishing nonuniversal models with polarized positron and electron beams (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): A. A. Bagneid and N. A. Althubiti Gauge symmetries with nonuniversal couplings can manifest themselves in e + e - collisions via generation-dependent deviations of leptonic observables from the standard model predictions. We analyze the deviations in terms of the lepton couplings to the extra neutral gauge boson and the polarizations o... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 111301] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Electroweak Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
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    Charmonium resonances in e^{+}e^{-} exclusive reactions around the ψ(4415) region (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): J. Segovia, D. R. Entem, and F. Fernández The Belle Collaboration has reported measurements of the exclusive cross section for the processes e + e - → D 0 D - π + and e + e - → D 0 D *- π + over the center-of-mass energy range 4.0 GeV to 5.0 GeV. The resonant structure of the cross section suggests that the reactions go through the ψ (4415) resonance. We study ... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 114018] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Strong interactions & Lattice methods
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    Exact energy of the spin-polarized two-dimensional electron gas at high density (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Pierre-François Loos and Peter M. W. Gill We derive the exact expansion, to O ( r s ) , of the energy of the high-density spin-polarized two-dimensional uniform electron gas, where r s is the Seitz radius. [Phys. Rev. B 83, 233102] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Cosmic microwave background bispectrum of tensor passive modes induced from primordial magnetic fields (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Maresuke Shiraishi, Daisuke Nitta, Shuichiro Yokoyama, Kiyotomo Ichiki, and Keitaro Takahashi If the seed magnetic fields exist in the early Universe, tensor components of their anisotropic stresses are not compensated prior to neutrino decoupling, and the tensor metric perturbations generated from them survive passively. Consequently, due to the decay of these metric perturbations after rec... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 123003] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Astrophysics & Cosmology
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  • 58
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    Properties of self-assembled Bi nanolines on InAs(100) studied by core-level and valence-band photoemission, and first-principles calculations (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): M. Ahola-Tuomi, M. P. J. Punkkinen, P. Laukkanen, M. Kuzmin, J. Lång, K. Schulte, A. Pietzsch, R. E. Perälä, N. Räsänen, and I. J. Väyrynen We have studied self-assembled bismuth (Bi) nanolines on the Bi-terminated InAs(100) surface by core-level and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio first-principles calculations. A structural model for this intriguing surface is suggested based on the comparison of the measured and... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 245401] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Full counting statistics for SU(N) impurity Anderson model (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Rui Sakano, Akira Oguri, Takeo Kato, and Seigo Tarucha We analyze the full counting statistics of the multiorbital Kondo effect in a quantum dot with SU( N ) symmetry in the framework of renormalized perturbation theory. The current probability distribution function is calculated for an arbitrary dot-site Coulomb repulsion U in the particle-hole-symmetric... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 241301] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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    Forces exerted by a correlated fluid on embedded inclusions (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Anne-Florence Bitbol and Jean-Baptiste Fournier We investigate the forces exerted on embedded inclusions by a fluid medium with long-range correlations, described by an effective scalar field theory. Such forces are the basis for the medium-mediated Casimir-like force. To study these forces beyond thermal average, it is necessary to define them i... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 061107] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Statistical physics
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    Calorimetric study of the effect of bent-shaped dopant molecules on the critical behavior at the nematic-smectic-A_{d} phase transition (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Y. Sasaki, K. Ema, K. V. Le, H. Takezoe, S. Dhara, and B. K. Sadashiva We report results of calorimetric studies for the binary mixture of rodlike host n -alkyloxy-cyanobiphenyl ( n OCB, n =8,9 ) and bent-shaped guest 1,3-phenylene-bis[4-(3-methylbenzoyloxy)]-4 ' - n -dodecylbiphenyl-4 ' -carboxylate (BC12). The effect of bent-shaped dopant molecules on the critical behavior asso... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 061701] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
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    Using local fields to tailor hybrid quantum-dot/metal nanoparticle systems (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Ryan D. Artuso, Garnett W. Bryant, Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri, and Javier Aizpurua We study hybrid-molecule structures consisting of a metal nanoparticle (MNP) nanorod coupled to a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD). MNP geometry can be used to tailor the local fields that determine the SQD-MNP coupling and to engineer the hybrid dynamical response. We identify regimes where dark mod... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235406] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Search for Neutral Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Higgs Bosons Decaying to Tau Pairs in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=7  TeV (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): S. Chatrchyan et al. (CMS Collaboration) A search for neutral minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) Higgs bosons in p p collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36  pb -1 recorded by the CMS experiment. The search uses de... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 231801] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Elementary Particles and Fields
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    Two-Dimensional Magnetic and Superconducting Phases in Metal-Insulator La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} Superlattices Measured by Muon-Spin Rotation (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): A. Suter, E. Morenzoni, T. Prokscha, B. M. Wojek, H. Luetkens, G. Nieuwenhuys, A. Gozar, G. Logvenov, and I. Božović We show, by means of low-energy muon-spin rotation measurements, that few-unit-cells thick La 2 CuO 4 layers synthesized digitally by molecular beam epitaxy are antiferromagnetically ordered. Below a thickness of about 5 CuO 2 layers the long-range ordered state breaks down, and a magnetic state appears... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 237003] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
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    Pressure-Stabilized Sodium Polyhydrides: NaH_{n} (n〉1) (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Pio Baettig and Eva Zurek Computations on NaH n , n =6–12 , show that NaH 9 is stable by P =25  GPa . Cmc2 1 -NaH 9 containing both H 2 and H - units is metallic at P 〉250  GPa . Other phases with only H 2 units metallize at lower pressures as a result of the partial filling of the H 2 σ u * bands by the Na 3 s electrons. Pressure induced o... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 237002] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
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    Effective Temperature of Red-Blood-Cell Membrane Fluctuations (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Eyal Ben-Isaac, YongKeun Park, Gabriel Popescu, Frank L. H. Brown, Nir S. Gov, and Yair Shokef Biologically driven nonequilibrium fluctuations are often characterized by their non-Gaussianity or by an “effective temperature”, which is frequency dependent and higher than the ambient temperature. We address these two measures theoretically by examining a randomly kicked particle, with a variabl... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 238103] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Formation and Stability of Synaptic Receptor Domains (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): Christoph A. Haselwandter, Martino Calamai, Mehran Kardar, Antoine Triller, and Rava Azeredo da Silveira Neurotransmitter receptor molecules, concentrated in postsynaptic domains along with scaffold and a number of other molecules, are key regulators of signal transmission across synapses. Combining experiment and theory, we develop a quantitative description of synaptic receptor domains in terms of a ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 238104] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics
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    Effects of uncertainty in position on the dissipation rates and the entanglement of two atoms collectively interacting with a reservoir (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): L. O. Castaños and R. Jáuregui We consider two two-level atoms interacting collectively with all the modes of the quantum electromagnetic field. The center-of-mass motion of each atom is quantized in three dimensions and each atom is placed in a harmonic oscillator potential. We describe a method that factorizes an approximate de... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062103] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
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    Hyperfine, rotational, and Zeeman structure of the lowest vibrational levels of the ^{87}Rb_{2} (1) ^{3}Σ_{g}^{+} state (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-09
    Description: Author(s): T. Takekoshi, C. Strauss, F. Lang, J. Hecker Denschlag, Marius Lysebo, and Leif Veseth We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the electronically excited (1) 3 Σ g + state of 87 Rb 2 molecules. The vibrational energies are measured for deeply bound states from the bottom up to v ′ =15 using laser spectroscopy of ultracold Rb 2 Feshbach molecules. The spectrum of each... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062504] Published Wed Jun 08, 2011
    Keywords: Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics
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    Critical dynamics of decoherence (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Bogdan Damski, H. T. Quan, and Wojciech H. Zurek We study decoherence induced by a dynamic environment undergoing a quantum phase transition. The environment’s susceptibility to perturbations—and, consequently, the efficiency of decoherence—is amplified near a critical point. Over and above this near-critical susceptibility increase, we show that ... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 062104] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
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    Synthesis and properties of platinum hydride (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Thomas Scheler, Olga Degtyareva, Miriam Marqués, Christophe L. Guillaume, John E. Proctor, Shaun Evans, and Eugene Gregoryanz Synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments on compressed platinum-hydrogen mixtures reveal the formation of platinum hydride at a pressure of 27(1) GPa at room temperature. This compound exhibits two phases, PtH-I and PtH-II, coexisting up to the pressure of 42 GPa, above which the single phase of Pt... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214106] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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    Monte Carlo approach for studying microphases applied to the axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising and the Ising-Coulomb models (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Kai Zhang (张凯) and Patrick Charbonneau The equilibrium phase behavior of microphase-forming systems is notoriously difficult to obtain because of the extended metastability of their modulated phases. In this paper we present a systematic simulation methodology for studying layered microphases and apply the approach to two prototypical la... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214303] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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  • 73
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    Negative acoustic index metamaterial (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): L. Fok and X. Zhang Acoustic metamaterials utilizing periodic deep subwavelength resonators can attain negative acoustic properties unavailable in nature. We have developed a negative acoustic index metamaterial for water that combines Helmholtz and rod-spring resonators to control effective bulk modulus and mass densi... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214304] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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    Dimerization of boron triiodide at high pressure (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Yansun Yao (姚延荪), Dennis D. Klug, Roman Martoňák, and Serguei Patchkovskii High-pressure phase transition of boron triiodide (BI 3 ) is investigated using first-principles methods, with the crystal structure of the high-pressure phase predicted. The structure is consistent with the information on this phase available from experiments. Significantly, the BI 3 molecules are pre... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214105] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Structure, structural phase transitions, mechanical properties, defects
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    Crystal and magnetic structures of the superconductor CeNi_{0.8}Bi_{2} (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): K. Kodama, S. Wakimoto, N. Igawa, S. Shamoto, H. Mizoguchi, and H. Hosono We have performed powder neutron diffraction on the new superconductor, CeNi 0.8 Bi 2 with a superconducting transtion temperature T c ~ 4.2 K. The structural parameters of this compound at room temperature are determined by Rietveld analysis. Below about 5 K, the clear magnetic Bragg peaks with propagat... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214512] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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    Nonlinear behavior of geometric phases induced by photon pairs (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): H. Kobayashi, Y. Ikeda, S. Tamate, T. Nakanishi, and M. Kitano In this study, we observe the nonlinear behavior of the two-photon geometric phase for polarization states using time-correlated photon pairs. This phase manifests as a shift of two-photon interference fringes. Under certain arrangements, the geometric phase can vary nonlinearly and become very sens... [Phys. Rev. A 83, 063808] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Quantum optics, physics of lasers, nonlinear optics, classical optics
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    Implementation of screened hybrid functionals based on the Yukawa potential within the LAPW basis set (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Fabien Tran and Peter Blaha The implementation of screened hybrid functionals into the wien2k code, which is based on the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) basis set, is reported. The Hartree-Fock exchange energy and potential are screened by means of the Yukawa potential as proposed by Bylander and Kleinman [ D. M. Byland... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235118] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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    Nesting of electron and hole Fermi surfaces in nonsuperconducting BaFe_{2}P_{2} (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): B. J. Arnold, S. Kasahara, A. I. Coldea, T. Terashima, Y. Matsuda, T. Shibauchi, and A. Carrington We report detailed measurements of the de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) effect in BaFe 2 P 2 , which is the end member of the superconducting series, BaFe 2 (As 1- x P x ) 2 . Using high-purity samples, we are able to observe dHvA oscillations from all the sheets of the Fermi surface and hence build up a detailed pictu... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 220504] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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  • 79
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    Nature of the band gap of Tl_{2}O_{3} (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Aoife B. Kehoe, David O. Scanlon, and Graeme W. Watson The ground state electronic structure of thallic oxide has been a source of controversy in the literature, with Tl 2 O 3 reported to be either a degenerate n -type semiconductor or an intrinsic semimetal with no band gap. Using a screened hybrid density functional theory (DFT) approach, we show that Tl 2 ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 233202] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors I: bulk
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    Fission fragment angular distributions in the ^{9}Be + ^{232}Th reaction (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): S. Appannababu, R. G. Thomas, L. S. Danu, P. K. Rath, Y. K. Gupta, B. V. John, B. K. Nayak, D. C. Biswas, A. Saxena, S. Mukherjee, and R. K. Choudhury Fission fragment angular distributions have been measured for a 9 Be + 232 Th system at four different beam energies around the Coulomb barrier. The experimental results on fission fragment anisotropies have been compared with predictions of the standard statistical saddle-point model (SSPM) and the p... [Phys. Rev. C 83, 067601] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
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    QCD corrections to Υ production via color-octet states at the Tevatron and LHC (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Bin Gong, Jian-Xiong Wang, and Hong-Fei Zhang The next-to-leading order QCD corrections to Υ production via S -wave color-octet states Υ [ 1 S 0 (8) , 3 S 1 (8) ] at the Tevatron and LHC is calculated. The K factors of total cross section (ratio of next-to-leading order to leading order) are 1.313 and 1.379 for Υ [ 1 S 0 (8) ] and Υ [ 3 S 1 (8) ] at the Tevatron, whil... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 114021] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Strong interactions & Lattice methods
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    Tunable magnetoresistance behavior in suspended graphitic multilayers through ion implantation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Carlos Diaz-Pinto, Xuemei Wang, Sungbae Lee, Viktor G. Hadjiev, Debtanu De, Wei-Kan Chu, and Haibing Peng We report a tunable magnetoresistance (MR) behavior in suspended graphitic multilayers through point-defect engineering by ion implantation. We find that ion implantation drastically changes the MR behavior: the linear positive MR in pure graphitic multilayers transforms into a negative MR after int... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235410] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Peierls instability and ferrimagnetic ordering of quasi-one-dimensional carbon chains generated in H-passivated graphene (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Hyun-Jung Kim, Sangchul Oh, and Jun-Hyung Cho Using first-principle density-functional calculations, we investigate the competition between Peierls instability and spin ordering in a zigzag C chain generated in an H-passivated graphene. We find that such a quasi-one-dimensional (1D) C chain of infinite length stabilizes a Peierls instability sh... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 235408] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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    Unravelling an extra neutral gauge boson at the LHC using third generation fermions (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Ross Diener, Stephen Godfrey, and Travis A. W. Martin We study the potential to use measurements of the properties of extra neutral gauge bosons ( Z ′ ’s) in p p collisions at the Large Hadron Collider to unravel the underlying physics. We focus on the usefulness of third generation final states ( τ , b , t ) in distinguishing between models with nonuniversal ... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 115008] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
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    Blind source separation and Wigner-Ville transform as tools for the extraction of the gravitational wave signal (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): L. A. Forte, F. Garufi, L. Milano, R. P. Croce, V. Pierro, and I. Pinto Coalescing binaries are credited as being relatively abundant sources of gravitational radiation, with a rich content of physical information. Their signals, apart from (important) complications due to higher-order post-Newtonian corrections, spin-orbit and spin-spin couplings, etc., are so-called c... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 122006] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Experiment
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  • 86
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    A phenomenological study of single transverse-spin asymmetry for inclusive light-hadron productions at RHIC (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Koichi Kanazawa and Yuji Koike We study the single transverse-spin asymmetry for inclusive light-hadron productions in the proton-proton collision, p ↑ p → h X ( h = π , K , η ), for the RHIC kinematics based on the twist-3 mechanism in the collinear factorization. The analysis includes all the contributions from the soft-gluon pole and the... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 114024] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Strong interactions & Lattice methods
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  • 87
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    Formation of quark phases in protoneutron stars: The transition from the two-flavor color-superconducting phase to the normal quark phase (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): G. Pagliara We study the process of formation of quark phases in protoneutron stars. After calculating the phase transition between nucleonic matter and the 2SC phase at fixed entropy and lepton fraction, we show that an unpairing transition between the 2SC phase and the normal quark phase occurs for low lepton... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 125013] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Field theory, formal particle theory
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  • 88
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    Thermodynamic phase-field model for microstructure with multiple components and phases: The possibility of metastable phases (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Daniel A. Cogswell and W. Craig Carter A diffuse-interface model for microstructure with an arbitrary number of components and phases was developed from basic thermodynamic and kinetic principles and formalized within a variational framework. The model includes a composition gradient energy to capture solute trapping and is therefore sui... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 061602] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Films, interfaces, and crystal growth
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
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    ac electrokinetic phenomena over semiconductive surfaces: Effective electric boundary conditions and their applications (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Cunlu Zhao and Chun Yang Electrokinetic boundary conditions are derived for ac electrokinetic phenomena over leaky dielectric (i.e., semiconducting) surfaces. Such boundary conditions correlate the electric potentials across a semiconductor-electrolyte interface (consisting of an electric double layer inside the electrolyte... [Phys. Rev. E 83, 066304] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Fluid dynamics
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    Conductance of a Helical Edge Liquid Coupled to a Magnetic Impurity (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Yoichi Tanaka, A. Furusaki, and K. A. Matveev Transport in an ideal two-dimensional quantum spin Hall device is dominated by the counterpropagating edge states of electrons with opposite spins, giving the universal value of the conductance, 2 e 2 / h . We study the effect on the conductance of a magnetic impurity, which can backscatter an electron f... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 236402] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
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    Effect of undulator harmonics field on free-electron laser harmonic generation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Qika Jia The harmonics field effect of a planar undulator on free-electron laser (FEL) harmonic generation has been analyzed. For both the linear case and the nonlinear case, the harmonic fraction of the radiation can be characterized by the coupling coefficients. The modification of the coupling coefficient... [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 060702] Published Thu Jun 09, 2011
    Keywords: Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
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    Publisher’s Note: Propagation of quasisolitons in a fiber Bragg grating written in a slow saturable fiber amplifier [Phys. Rev. A 83, 053803 (2011)] (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Yuval P. Shapira and Moshe Horowitz [Phys. Rev. A 83, 069903] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Errata
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    Phase diagram of pressure-induced superconductivity in EuFe_{2}As_{2} probed by high-pressure resistivity up to 3.2 GPa (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Nobuyuki Kurita, Motoi Kimata, Kota Kodama, Atsushi Harada, Megumi Tomita, Hiroyuki S. Suzuki, Takehiko Matsumoto, Keizo Murata, Shinya Uji, and Taichi Terashima We have constructed a pressure-temperature ( P - T ) phase diagram of P -induced superconductivity in EuFe 2 As 2 single crystals via resistivity ( ρ ) measurements up to 3.2 GPa. As hydrostatic pressure is applied, the temperature T 0 where an antiferromagnetic (AF) transition of the Fe moments and a structur... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214513] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Superfluidity and superconductivity
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    Momentum distribution, vibrational dynamics, and the potential of mean force in ice (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Lin Lin, Joseph A. Morrone, Roberto Car, and Michele Parrinello By analyzing the momentum distribution obtained from path integral and phonon calculations we find that the protons in hexagonal ice experience an anisotropic quasiharmonic effective potential with three distinct principal frequencies that reflect molecular orientation. Due to the importance of anis... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 220302] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Dynamics, dynamical systems, lattice effects
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    Theoretical study of the role of the tip in enhancing the sensitivity of differential conductance tunneling spectroscopy on magnetic surfaces (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Krisztián Palotás, Werner A. Hofer, and László Szunyogh Based on a simple model for spin-polarized scanning tunneling spectroscopy (SP-STS), we study how tip magnetization and electronic structure affects the differential conductance ( dI / dV ) tunneling spectrum of an Fe(001) surface. We take into account energy dependence of the vacuum decay of electron s... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 214410] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Magnetism
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    Nuclear spin pumping and electron spin susceptibilities (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): J. Danon and Yu. V. Nazarov In this work we present a new formalism to evaluate the nuclear spin dynamics driven by hyperfine interaction with nonequilibrium electron spins. To describe the dynamics up to second order in the hyperfine coupling it suffices to evaluate the susceptibility and fluctuations of the electron spin. Ou... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 245306] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Semiconductors II: surfaces, interfaces, microstructures, and related topics
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    QCD radiative corrections to χ_{cJ} production at hadron colliders (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Yan-Qing Ma, Kai Wang, and Kuang-Ta Chao To clarify the outstanding problem in charmonium production that existing theories cannot explain the observed cross sections of χ c J ( J =0,1,2) and ratio R χ c = σ χ c 2 / σ χ c 1 ≈0.75 (in contrast to the spin counting value 5/3 ) at the Tevatron, we study the complete next-to-leading order radiative corrections i... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 111503] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Strong interactions & Lattice methods
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    Experimental studies of di-jet survival and surface emission bias in Au+Au collisions via angular correlations with respect to back-to-back leading hadrons (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): H. Agakishiev et al. (STAR Collaboration) We report first results from an analysis based on a new multi-hadron correlation technique, exploring jet-medium interactions and di-jet surface emission bias at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Pairs of back-to-back high-transverse-momentum hadrons are used for triggers to study asso... [Phys. Rev. C 83, 061901] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
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    Exploring singlet deflection of gauge mediation (2011)
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    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): J. de Blas and A. Delgado We embed the next-to minimal supersymmetric standard model into gauge mediation of supersymmetry breaking and study the phenomenology of scenarios where the gauge-mediation contributions to soft parameters are deflected by superpotential interactions of the gauge singlet with the messenger fields an... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 115011] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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    Light Z^{′} bosons at the Tevatron (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-06-11
    Description: Author(s): Matthew R. Buckley, Dan Hooper, Joachim Kopp, and Ethan T. Neil New gauge bosons with standard model-like couplings to leptons are constrained by collider searches to be heavier than approximately ∼1  TeV . A Z ′ boson with suppressed couplings to leptons, however, could be much lighter and possess substantial couplings to standard model quarks. In this article, w... [Phys. Rev. D 83, 115013] Published Fri Jun 10, 2011
    Keywords: Beyond the standard model
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
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