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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-24
    Beschreibung: Sub-sea-floor sediments may contain two-thirds of Earth's total prokaryotic biomass. However, this has its basis in data extrapolation from ~500-meter to 4-kilometer depths, whereas the deepest documented prokaryotes are from only 842 meters. Here, we provide evidence for low concentrations of living prokaryotic cells in the deepest (1626 meters below the sea floor), oldest (111 million years old), and potentially hottest (~100 degrees C) marine sediments investigated. These Newfoundland margin sediments also have DNA sequences related to thermophilic and/or hyperthermophilic Archaea. These form two unique clusters within Pyrococcus and Thermococcus genera, suggesting unknown, uncultured groups are present in deep, hot, marine sediments (~54 degrees to 100 degrees C). Sequences of anaerobic methane-oxidizing Archaea were also present, suggesting a deep biosphere partly supported by methane. These findings demonstrate that the sub-sea-floor biosphere extends to at least 1600 meters below the sea floor and probably deeper, given an upper temperature limit for prokaryotic life of at least 113 degrees C and increasing thermogenic energy supply with depth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roussel, Erwan G -- Bonavita, Marie-Anne Cambon -- Querellou, Joel -- Cragg, Barry A -- Webster, Gordon -- Prieur, Daniel -- Parkes, R John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 23;320(5879):1046. doi: 10.1126/science.1154545.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extremes, UMR 6197, Universite de Bretagne Occidentale, Ifremer, Centre de Brest, BP70, 29280 Plouzane, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497290" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Anaerobiosis ; *Archaea/classification/genetics/physiology ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Colony Count, Microbial ; *Ecosystem ; Genes, rRNA ; Geologic Sediments/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Newfoundland and Labrador ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-19
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jan 18;319(5861):266. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5861.266.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18202260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): *Access to Information/legislation & jurisprudence ; Financing, Government ; *Libraries, Digital ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; Publishing ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-05-24
    Beschreibung: Mammals are metagenomic in that they are composed of not only their own gene complements but also those of all of their associated microbes. To understand the coevolution of the mammals and their indigenous microbial communities, we conducted a network-based analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of humans and 59 other mammalian species living in two zoos and in the wild. The results indicate that host diet and phylogeny both influence bacterial diversity, which increases from carnivory to omnivory to herbivory; that bacterial communities codiversified with their hosts; and that the gut microbiota of humans living a modern life-style is typical of omnivorous primates.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649005/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ley, Ruth E -- Hamady, Micah -- Lozupone, Catherine -- Turnbaugh, Peter J -- Ramey, Rob Roy -- Bircher, J Stephen -- Schlegel, Michael L -- Tucker, Tammy A -- Schrenzel, Mark D -- Knight, Rob -- Gordon, Jeffrey I -- DK30292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK70977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK78669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK078669-02/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK030292-24/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK070977-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM065103-07/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM065103/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jun 20;320(5883):1647-51. doi: 10.1126/science.1155725. Epub 2008 May 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497261" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Animals, Zoo/classification/genetics/microbiology ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; *Biological Evolution ; Carnivora/classification/genetics/microbiology ; *Diet ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Mammals/classification/genetics/*microbiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phylogeny ; Primates/classification/genetics/microbiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-09-20
    Beschreibung: During mouse embryogenesis, reversion of imprinted X chromosome inactivation in the pluripotent inner cell mass of the female blastocyst is initiated by the repression of Xist from the paternal X chromosome. Here we report that key factors supporting pluripotency-Nanog, Oct3/4, and Sox2-bind within Xist intron 1 in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells. Whereas Nanog null ES cells display a reversible and moderate up-regulation of Xist in the absence of any apparent modification of Oct3/4 and Sox2 binding, the drastic release of all three factors from Xist intron 1 triggers rapid ectopic accumulation of Xist RNA. We conclude that the three main genetic factors underlying pluripotency cooperate to repress Xist and thus couple X inactivation reprogramming to the control of pluripotency during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Navarro, Pablo -- Chambers, Ian -- Karwacki-Neisius, Violetta -- Chureau, Corinne -- Morey, Celine -- Rougeulle, Claire -- Avner, Philip -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Sep 19;321(5896):1693-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160952.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut Pasteur, Unite de Genetique Moleculaire Murine, CNRS, URA2578, F-75015, Paris, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18802003" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Animals ; Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; HMGB Proteins/*metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Introns ; Male ; Mice ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; RNA, Untranslated/*genetics/metabolism ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Up-Regulation ; X Chromosome/physiology ; *X Chromosome Inactivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Teitelbaum, Michael S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):644-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1160272.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 630 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10011, USA. teitelbaum@sloan.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669847" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Budgets ; Career Choice ; Education, Graduate ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; Research Personnel/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-07-16
    Beschreibung: The bacterium Proteus mirabilis is capable of movement on solid surfaces by a type of motility called swarming. Boundaries form between swarming colonies of different P. mirabilis strains but not between colonies of a single strain. A fundamental requirement for boundary formation is the ability to discriminate between self and nonself. We have isolated mutants that form boundaries with their parent. The mutations map within a six-gene locus that we term ids for identification of self. Five of the genes in the ids locus are required for recognition of the parent strain as self. Three of the ids genes are interchangeable between strains, and two encode specific molecular identifiers.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567286/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2567286/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibbs, Karine A -- Urbanowski, Mark L -- Greenberg, E Peter -- AI55396/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055396-04/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI055396-05/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Jul 11;321(5886):256-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1160033.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18621670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics/physiology ; *Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Complementation Test ; Genome, Bacterial ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Multigene Family ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; Mutation ; Proteus mirabilis/*genetics/*physiology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
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  • 7
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-01-26
    Beschreibung: The hippocampus is an area of the brain involved in learning and memory. It contains parallel excitatory pathways referred to as the trisynaptic pathway (which carries information as follows: entorhinal cortex --〉 dentate gyrus --〉 CA3 --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex) and the monosynaptic pathway (entorhinal cortex --〉 CA1 --〉 entorhinal cortex). We developed a generally applicable tetanus toxin-based method for transgenic mice that permits inducible and reversible inhibition of synaptic transmission and applied it to the trisynaptic pathway while preserving transmission in the monosynaptic pathway. We found that synaptic output from CA3 in the trisynaptic pathway is dispensable and the short monosynaptic pathway is sufficient for incremental spatial learning. In contrast, the full trisynaptic pathway containing CA3 is required for rapid one-trial contextual learning, for pattern completion-based memory recall, and for spatial tuning of CA1 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nakashiba, Toshiaki -- Young, Jennie Z -- McHugh, Thomas J -- Buhl, Derek L -- Tonegawa, Susumu -- P50-MH58880/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01-MH078821/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1260-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1151120. Epub 2008 Jan 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18218862" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Action Potentials ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dentate Gyrus/physiology ; Electrophysiology ; Entorhinal Cortex/physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials ; Female ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Male ; *Maze Learning ; Mental Recall ; Metalloendopeptidases/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways ; Pyramidal Cells/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission ; Tetanus Toxin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-02-09
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaiser, Jocelyn -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Feb 8;319(5864):716. doi: 10.1126/science.319.5864.716b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18258872" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics ; *Budgets ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*economics/organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-30
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 29;321(5893):1144. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5893.1144b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18755947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Biomedical Research/*economics ; Financing, Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; Research/*economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Government Agencies/economics ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2008-08-02
    Beschreibung: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):627. doi: 10.1126/science.321.5889.627b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669835" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Schlagwort(e): Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Sports
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-9203
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Informatik , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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