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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring  (8)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations  (7)
  • Elsevier  (10)
  • Springer  (3)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 2007  (13)
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Keywords
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  • 2005-2009  (13)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
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    A new computational approach to reduce the signal from continuously recording gravimeters for the effect of atmospheric temperature (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The experience of several authors has shown that continuous measurements of the gravity field, accomplished through spring devices, are strongly affected by changes of the ambient temperature. The apparent, temperature-driven, gravity changes can be up to one order of magnitude higher than the expected changes of the gravity field. Since these effects are frequency-dependent and instrument-related, they must be removed through non-linear techniques and in a case-by-case fashion. Past studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of a Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm as a tool to reduce continuous gravity sequences for the effect of external temperature changes. In the present work, an upgraded version of this previously employed algorithm is tested against the signal from a gravimeter, which was installed in two different sites over consecutive 96-day and 163-day periods. The better performance of the new algorithm with respect to the previous one is proven. Besides, inferences about the site and/or seasonal dependence of the model structure are reported.
    Description: Published
    Description: 247–256
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gravimeters ; Exogenous parameter compensantion ; Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm ; Site effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.01. Data processing
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 2
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    A data sequence acquired at Mt. Etna during the 2002–2003 eruption highlights the potential of continuous gravity observations as a tool to monitor and study active volcanoes (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A 2.5-month long gravity sequence, encompassing the starting period of the 2002–2003 Etna eruption and coming from a summit station only 1 km away from the new fractures, is presented and discussed. The sequence comprises four hours-long anomalies that have a great chance to reflect mass redistributions linked to the ensuing activity. In particular, the start of the eruptive activity on the northeastern flank was marked by a gravity decrease as strong as about 400 microGal, which reverted soon afterwards. This strong decrease/increase anomaly is interpreted as the opening, by tectonic forces, of a fracture system along the Northeastern Rift of Mt. Etna, followed by an intrusion of magma from the central conduit to the new fractures. They were used by the intruding magma as a path to the eruptive vents at lower elevations. Afterwards, on three occasions, in November and December 2002, 6–12 h-lasting gravity decreases, with amplitude ranging between 10 and 30 microGal, were observed simultaneously with increases in the amplitude of the volcanic tremor from four seismic stations. A correlation analysis, between the gravity signal and the overall spectral amplitude of each tremor sequence is performed over the 7 November–9 December period. A marked anti-correlation is found over each contemporaneous gravity decrease/tremor increase, while, over the rest of the investigated period, the correlation is negligible. Accordingly, a joint source is inferred to have acted during the occurrence of the three common anomalies. On the grounds of some volcanological observations spanning the period covered by our analysis, we propose the temporary accumulation of a gas cloud at some level within the plumbing system of the volcano to have acted as a joint source. The present work is a further evidence of the potential of continuous gravity observations as a tool to monitor and study active volcanoes and encourages their employment in spite of the difficulty of running spring gravimeters in a continuous fashion under the adverse conditions normally encountered on the summit zone of an active volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 320–329
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gravity anomalies ; Magma intrusion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
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  • 3
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    The very-broad-band long-base tiltmeters of Grotta Gigante (Trieste,Italy): Secular term tilting and the great Sumatra-Andaman islands earthquake of December 26, 2004 (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The horizontal pendulums of the Grotta Gigante (Giant Cave) in the Trieste Karst, are long-base tiltmeters with Z¨ollner type suspension. The instruments have been continuously recording tilt and shear in the Grotta Gigante since the date of their installation by Prof. Antonio Marussi in 1966. Their setup has been completely overhauled several times since installation, restricting the interruptions of the measurements though to a minimum. The continuous recordings, apart from some interruptions, cover thus almost 40 years of measurements, producing a very noticeable long-term tiltmeter record of crustal deformation. The original recording system, still in function, was photographic with a mechanical timing and paper-advancing system, which has never given any problems at all, as it is very stable and not vulnerable by external factors as high humidity, problems in power supply, lightning or similar. In December 2003 a new recording system was installed, based on a solid-state acquisition system intercepting a laser light reflected from a mirror mounted on the horizontal pendulum beam. The sampling rate is 30 Hz, which turns the longbase instrument to a very-broad-band tiltmeter, apt to record the tilt signal on a broad-band of frequencies, ranging from secular deformation rate through the earth tides to seismic waves. Here we describe the acquisition system and present two endline members of the instrumental observation, the up to date long-term recording, and the observation of the great Sumatra-Andaman Islands earthquake of December 26, 2004, seismic moment magnitude Mw = 9.1–9.3 [Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C.J., Nettles, M., Ward, S.N., Aster, R.C., Beck, S.L., Bilek, S.L., Brudzinski, M.L., Butler, R., DeShon, H.R., Ekstr¨om, G., Satake, K., Sipkin, S., 2005. The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004. Science. 308, 1127–1133.]. The secular-term observations indicate an average tilting over the last four decades towards NW of 23.4 nrad/year. We find evidences that this tilting is regional and has been going on since at least 125 ka. The recent earthquake of December 26, 2004 was well recorded by the pendulums.We show that the free oscillation modes were activated, including the lowest modes as e.g. 0T2, 0T3, 0T4, 0T5 and 2S1, 0S3, 0S4, 1S2.
    Description: Published
    Description: 164-174
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Geodetic underground measurements; ; Secular crustal deformation; ; Free oscillations; ; Ultra-broad-band tiltmeter; ; Sumatra-Andaman 2004 earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 4
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    New integrated geodetic monitoring system at Stromboli volcano (Italy) (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Stromboli is a composite volcano, rising about 2.5 km above the sea floor, whose top lies about 1 km above the sea level forming the northernmost island of the Aeolian Archipelago volcanic arc (Tyrrhenian Sea). On December 28th, 2002, lava flows outpoured from the northern wall of NE crater and come down in the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF), a deep depression that marks the NW flank of the volcano edifice. On December 30th, 2002, two landslides occurred on the northern part of the SdF; it moved a mass in the order of tens of millions of cubic meters both above and below the sea level. The landslide produced a tsunami that causes significant damage on the eastern cost of the island, reaching the others Aeolian Islands and the Sicilian and south Italian coasts. This event lead to the upgrade of the ground deformation monitoring system, already existing on the island; the new requirement was the real-time detection of the deformations related to potential slope failures of the SdF. To this aim, a remotely controlled monitoring system, based both on GPS and topographic techniques was planned and set up in few months. The new monitoring system allowed to continuously measure the ground deformations occurring on the SdF, by integrating both terrestrial topographic and satellite geodetic techniques. Despite this system was severely damaged during the 7-months lasting eruption, it allowed to monitor important eruptive phases. For the first time, an accurate data set about the actual mass movements of the SdF and the crater area was available. It provided data that significantly supported the Civil Protection Authorities in making decisions and constrain the hypothesis about the landslide movements and volcanic activity. After the end of the eruption, the system was reinstated in order to optimize the instruments and to set up a monitoring system aimed at measuring deformations forecasting other flank collapses.
    Description: Dipartimento Nazionale della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 13–31
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Ground deformation ; Real-time monitoring ; Eruption forecasting ; Landslide forecasting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.09. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 5
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    Review of Microgravity Observations at Mt. Etna: A Powerful Tool to Monitor and Study Active Volcanoes. (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Microgravity observations at Mt. Etna have been routinely performed as both discrete (since 1986) and continuous (since 1998) measurements. In addition to describing the methodology for acquiring and reducing gravity data from Mt. Etna, this paper provides a collection of case studies aimed at demonstrating the potential of microgravity to investigate the plumbing system of an active volcano and detect forerunners to paroxysmal volcanic events. For discrete gravity measurements, results from 1994– 1996 and 2001 are reported. During the first period, the observed gravity changes are interpreted within the framework of the Strombolian activity which occurred from the summit craters. Gravity changes observed during the first nine months of 2001 are directly related to subsurface mass redistributions which preceded, accompanied and followed the July-August 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna. Two continuous gravity records are discussed: a 16-month (October 1998 to February 2000) sequence and a 48-hour (26–28 October, 2002) sequence, both from a station within a few kilometers of the volcano’s summit. The 16-month record may be the longest continuous gravity sequence ever acquired at a station very close to the summit zone of an active volcano. By cross analyzing it with contemporaneous discrete observations along a summit profile of stations, both the geometry of a buried source and its time evolution can be investigated. The shorter continuous sequence encompasses the onset of an eruption from a location only 1.5 km from the gravity station. This gravity record is useful for establishing constraints on the characteristics of the intrusive mechanism leading to the eruption. In particular, the observed gravity anomaly indicates that the magma intrusion occurred ‘‘passively’’ within a fracture system opened by external forces.
    Description: Published
    Description: 769-790
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mt. Etna ; microgravity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
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  • 6
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    Mount Etna 1993–2005: Anatomy of an evolving eruptive cycle (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanism at Mount Etna (Italy) has been observed for millennia and inspired ancient mythologies as well as scientific thought through countless generations.Yetmuch of our understanding of the way this volcano works stems fromstudies of the past 20 years, and in particular from strengthened monitoring since the late 1980s. In addition, the eruptive activity of Etna has undergone significant changes during the past 13 years, and these have led to an improved understanding of the relationship between the plumbing system of the volcano and instability of its eastern to southern f lanks. Following the end of the 1991–1993 eruption, a new eruptive cycle began, which so far has produced about 0.23 km3 of lavas and pyroclastics (dense-rock equivalent). The cycle evolved frominitial recharging of the plumbing system and inf lation, followed by powerful summit eruptions and slow spreading of the eastern to southern f lanks, to a sequence of f lank eruptions accompanied by accelerated f lank displacement. Structurally, the volcanic system has become increasingly unstable during this period. Volcanological, geophysical and geochemical data allow the cause–effect and feedback relationships between magma accumulation below the volcano, f lank instability, and the shift from continuous summit activity to episodic f lank eruptions to be investigated. In this scenario, the growth of magma storage areas at a depth of 3–5 km below sea level exerts pressure against those f lank sectors prone to displacement, causing them to detach from the stable portions of the volcanic edifice. Geochemical data indicate that magma remains stored belowthe volcano, even during phases of intense eruptive activity, thus causing a net volumetric increase that is accommodated by f lank displacement. Instability can be enhanced by the forceful uprise ofmagma through the f lanks, as in 2001, when the f irst f lank eruption of the current eruptive cycle took place. Subsequent f lank eruptions in 2002–2003 and 2004– 2004, on the other hand, were, at least in part, facilitated by the opening of fractures at the head of moving f lank sector, although the eruptions were significantly dissimilar from one another. Renewed inflation of the volcano after the 2004–2005 eruption, continued displacement of the unstable f lank sector, and gradual resumption of summit activity in late-2005, demonstrate that the same feedback mechanisms continue to be active, and the Etna system remains highly unstable. The evolution of earlier eruptive cycles shows that a return to a state of relative stability is only possible once a voluminous f lank eruption effectively drains the magmatic plumbing system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 85–114
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Mount Etna ; eruptive cycle ; volcano monitoring ; seismicity ; deformation ; geochemistry ; structural geology ; magma storage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 7
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    Ground deformation and gravity changes on the Island of Pantelleria in the geodynamic framework of the Sicily Channel (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The island of Pantelleria is an active volcano located in the Sicily Channel (Southern Italy), in the middle of a continental rift system. Since the 1980s the island was periodically surveyed by using geodetic techniques (EDM, levelling, GPS and high precise gravimetry) to monitor the regional and local volcanic dynamics. Gravity data, collected between 1990 and 1998, show short and long wavelength changes due to the combined effect of shallow and deep sources. They reflect, to some degree, the structural setting of the island as delineated by the Bouguer anomaly field, which indicates that the island is broken up into two main basement blocks. The latter are bordered by two lineaments, probably regional faults related to the global geodynamics of the Sicily Channel Rift Zone. Moreover, the inverse correlation between the gravity and altimetric variations suggests that: i) Pantelleria is kinematically divided in two blocks; ii) the observed behaviour is strongly influenced by the geodynamics of the Sicily Channel. A new interpretation of the fully reprocessed data sets is presented, focusing on the spatial–temporal features of the horizontal ground deformation and gravity changes compared to the Bouguer anomaly and altimetric data. This leads to conclude that volcanism on the island has been probably strongly influenced by the global geodynamics of the Sicily Channel, and future eruptions are most likely to occur at the structural boundary separating the two blocks.
    Description: Published
    Description: 146– 162
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pantelleria ; geodesy ; deformation ; gravity ; volcanism ; geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
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  • 8
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    Ground deformation modeling of flank dynamics prior to the 2002 eruption of Mt. Etna (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: On 22 September 2002, 1 month before the beginning of the flank eruption on the NE Rift, an M-3.7 earthquake struck the northeastern part of Mt. Etna, on the westernmost part of the Pernicana fault. In order to investigate the ground deformation pattern associated with this event, a multi-disciplinary approach is presented here. Just after the earthquake, specific GPS surveys were carried out on two small sub-networks, aimed at monitoring the eastern part of the Pernicana fault, and some baselines belonging to the northeastern EDM monitoring network of Mt. Etna were measured. The leveling route on the northeastern flank of the volcano was also surveyed. Furthermore, an investigation using SAR interferometry was performed and also the continuous tilt data recorded at a high precision sensor close to the epicenter were analyzed to constrain the coseismic deformation. The results of the geodetic surveys show a ground deformation pattern that affects the entire northeastern flank of the volcano, clearly shaped by the Pernicana fault, but too strong and wide to be related only to an M-3.7 earthquake. Leveling and DInSAR data highlight a local strong subsidence, up to 7 cm, close to the Pernicana fault. Significant displacements, up to 2 cm, were also detected on the upper part of the NE Rift and in the summit craters area, while the displacements decrease at lower altitude, suggesting that the dislocation did not continue further eastward. Three-dimensional GPS data inversions have been attempted in order to model the ground deformation source and its relationship with the volcano plumbing system. The model has also been constrained by vertical displacements measured by the leveling survey and by the deformation map obtained by SAR interferometry.
    Description: Published
    Description: 757-768
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; Modeling ; Flank dynamics ; Volcano-tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 9
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    Integration of ground-based laser scanner and aerial digital photogrammetry for topographic modelling (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This work deals with the integration of different surveying methodologies for the definition of very accurate Digital Terrain Models (DTM) and/or Digital Surface Models (DSM): in particular, the aerial digital photogrammetry and the terrestrial laser scanning were used to survey the Vesuvio volcano, allowing the total coverage of the internal cone and surroundings (the whole surveyed area was about 3 km×3 km). The possibility to reach a very high precision, especially from the laser scanner data set, allowed a detailed description of the morphology of the volcano. The comparisons of models obtained in repeated surveys allow a detailed map of residuals providing a data set that can be used for detailed studies of the morphological evolution. Moreover, the reflectivity information, highly correlated to materials properties, allows for the measurement and quantification of some morphological variations in areas where structural discontinuities and displacements are present.
    Description: Published
    Description: 123-138
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Vesuvio; TLS; aerial digital photogrammetry; models; integration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Analysis of simultaneous gravity and tremor anomalies observed during the 2002-2003 Etna eruption (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper we discuss the data collected by a large aperture array of broadband seismometers and a continuously recording gravity station during the 2002–2003 eruption of Etna volcano (Italy). Seismic signals recorded during the eruption are dominated by volcanic tremor whose energy spans the 0.5–5 Hz frequency band. On three different occasions (12 November, 19–20 November and 8–9 December 2002), we observed marked increases of the tremor amplitude (up to a factor of 4), which occurred simultaneously with gravity decreases (up to 30 μGal). The three concurrent gravity/tremor anomalies last 6 to 12 hours and terminate with rapid (up to 2 hours) changes, after which the signals return back to their original levels. Based on volcanological observations encompassing the simultaneous anomalies, we infer that the accumulation of a gas cloud at some level in the conduit plexus feeding a new eruptive vent could have acted as a joint source. This study highlights the potential of joint gravity–seismological analyses to both investigate the internal dynamic of a volcano and to improve the confidence of volcanic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 616-629
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; volcanic tremor ; gravity changes ; foam layer ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.04. Gravity anomalies ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
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  • 11
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    On the capability of recording gravity stations to detect signals coming from volcanic activity: the case of Vesuvius. (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The goal of this paper is to describe how continuous gravity measurements can improve the geophysical monitoring of a volcano. Here the experience of 15 yr in continuous gravity on Vesuvius is presented. A wide set of dynamic phenomena (i.e. geodynamics, seismicity, volcanic activity) can produce temporal gravity changes, with a spectrum varying from short (1–10 s) to longer (more than 1 yr) periods. An impending eruption, for instance, is generally associated with the ascent of magma producing changes in the density distribution at depth, and leading to ground deformation and gravity changes observed at surface. The amplitude of such gravity variations is often quite small, on the order of 10 9–10 8 g (10–102 nm/s2; 1–10 AGal), where g is the mean value of normal gravity (9.806 199 203 m/s2), so their detection requires instruments with high sensitivity and stability, providing high quality data. Natural, man-made and instrumental sources are present on the gravity records affecting the Signal to Noise Ratio. Such effects may hide the subtle volcanic signals. The main natural noise is due to ocean–atmosphere dynamics and seismic activity. New approaches to model the instrumental response of mechanical gravity sensors (based on the inter-comparison among superconducting, mechanical and absolute gravimeters) and to investigate the temporal trends of the instrumental sensitivity are proposed. In fact, variations of the calibration factors can be considered the main cause preventing the repeatability of highprecision gravity measurements and inducing phase and amplitude perturbations in recorded gravity signals. A modelling of the background gravity noise level was performed at the Vesuvius station. Moreover, the bfar fieldQ effects produced by large earthquakes on the gravity station have been also investigated. Finally, the time dependent behaviour of the tidal gravimetric factors, the non-stationary components of the gravity field detected at Vesuvius and the results of absolute and relative gravity measurements are interpreted in the framework of its present-day dynamics, mainly characterized by the low level of seismicity, small ground deformation, gravity changes and moderate gas emission.
    Description: Published
    Description: 270– 282
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; gravity ; record ; volcanic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 12
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    Elastic model for the gravity and elevation changes before the 2001 eruption of Etna volcano (2007)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: For 5 months before the 2001 Mt. Etna eruption, a progressive gravity decrease was measured along a profile of stations on the southern slope of the volcano. Between January and July 2001, the amplitude of the change reached 80 μGal, while the wavelength of the anomaly was of the order of 15 km. Elevation changes observed through GPS measurements during a period encompassing the 5-month gravity decrease, remained within 4–6 cm over the entire volcano and within 2–4 cm in the zone covered by the microgravity profile. We review both gravity and elevation changes by a model assuming the formation of new cracks, uniformly distributed in a rectangular prism. The inversion problem was formulated following a global optimization approach based on the use of Genetic Algorithms. Although it is possible to explain the observed gravity changes by means of the proposed analytical formulation, the results show that calculated elevation changes are significantly higher than those observed. Two alternative hypotheses are proposed to account for this apparent discrepancy: (1) that the assumptions behind the analytical formulation, used to invert the data, are fallacious at Etna, and thus, numerical models should be utilized; (2) that a second process, enabling a considerable mass decrease to occur without deformation, acted together with the formation of new cracks in the source volume.
    Description: Published
    Description: 553–562
    Description: 2.6. TTC - Laboratorio di gravimetria, magnetismo ed elettromagnetismo in aree attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Gravity ; Elastic modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.05. Gravity variations
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  • 13
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    Surface movements in Bologna (Po Plain — Italy) detected by multitemporal DInSAR (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-18
    Description: We studied the surface deformations affecting the southeastern sector of the Po Plain sedimentary basin, in particular the area of Bologna. To this aim an advanced DInSAR technique, referred to as DInSAR–SBAS (Small BAseline Subset), has been applied. This technique allows monitoring the temporal evolution of a deformation phenomenon, via the generation of mean deformation velocity maps and displacement time series from a data set of acquired SAR images. In particular, we have processed a set of SAR data acquired by the European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) sensors and compared the achieved results with optical levelling measurements, assumed as reference. The surface displacements detected by DInSAR SBAS from 1992 to 2000 are between 10 mm/year in the historical part of Bologna town, and up to 59 mm/year in the NE industrial and agricultural areas. Former measurements from optical levelling referred to 1897 show 2–3 mm/year vertical movements. This trend of displacement increased in the second half of the 20th century and the subsidence rate reached 60 mm/year. We compared the more recent levelling campaigns (in 1992 and late 1999) and DInSAR results from 1992 to 1999. The standard deviation of the difference between levelling data, projected onto the satellite Line Of Sight, and DInSAR results is 2 mm/year. This highlights a good agreement between the measurements provided by two different techniques. The explanation of soil movements based on interferometric results, ground data and geological observations, allowed confirming the anthropogenic cause (surface effect due to the overexploitation of the aquifers) and highlights a natural, tectonic, subsidence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 304-316
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: InSAR ; surface deformation ; SAR interferometry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
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